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<a rel="nofollow" class="pagetools_hlPrint" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title='Print this article' > <i> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792"><path fill="#00428b" d="M448 1536h896v-256h-896v256zm0-640h896v-384h-160q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-160h-640v640zm1152 64q0-26-19-45t-45-19-45 19-19 45 19 45 45 19 45-19 19-45zm128 0v416q0 13-9.5 22.5t-22.5 9.5h-224v160q0 40-28 68t-68 28h-960q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-160h-224q-13 0-22.5-9.5t-9.5-22.5v-416q0-79 56.5-135.5t135.5-56.5h64v-544q0-40 28-68t68-28h672q40 0 88 20t76 48l152 152q28 28 48 76t20 88v256h64q79 0 135.5 56.5t56.5 135.5z"/></svg> </i> </a></div></div><div class="doccontentwrapper collapse show" id="collapseExample0"><div class="article-content-ad"></div><h1>IBN WāFID, ABū AL-MUTARRIF ͑ABD ALRAHMAN</h1><p>also known as <b>Abenguefit, Abenguéfith, Albenguéfith, Abel Nufit</b> (<i>fl.</i> Toledo, Spain, <i>ca.</i> 1008 – 1075), <i>pharmacology.</i></p><p>Ibn Wāfid studied the works of Aristotle, Dioscorides, and Galen. At the demand of the king of Toledo, Al-Ma’mūn, he planted a <a class="interlinked" href="/plants-and-animals/agriculture-and-horticulture/horticulture/botanical-garden">botanical garden</a> in the king’s orchard, which extended between the Galiana and Tajo palaces in front of the bridge of Alcántara. Ibn Luengo, a disciple of Ibn Wāfid, and possibly Ibn Baṣṣal studied in the king’s garden.</p><p>For twenty years Ibn Wāfid worked on the <i>Kitāb al-adwiya al-mufrada</i> (“Book of the Simple Medicines”), a synthesis, with some new data, of Dioscorides and Galen. The structure of the book confirms what Ibn Sā͑id (Ibn Wāfid’s friend and bibliographer) had stated, that is, that Ibn Wāfid did not like to prescribe compound medicines, but simple ones; and, if possible, he abstained from prescribing the latter and tried to cure his patients by following a dietary treatment.</p><p>Ibn Wāfid’s <i>Kitāb al-rashshād fī al-tibb</i> (“Guide to Medicine”) is a pharmacopoeia and manual of therepeutics. On account of an incorrect reading of the title by Casiri, who confused the letter <i>rā'</i> for <i>wāw</i> thereby reading <i>wisād</i>, the title was translated as “Book of the Pillow.”</p><p>Ibn Wāfid’s other works are the following: <i>Mudjarrabāt fī al-tibb</i> (“Medical Experiences”); <i>Tadqīq al-nazar fi ͑ilal hāssat at-basar</i> (“Observations on the Treatment of Eye Illnesses”), which might be the one preserved in the anonymous manuscript 876 at El Escorial; <i>Kitāb al-mugīth</i> (“Book of Assistance”), the title of which alludes to the drug <i>mugīth</i>, valuable for the treatment of many diseases: and <i>Madjmū͑al-filāha</i> (“A Compendium of Agriculture”), which is in a medieval Castilian translation and fragment.</p><p>J. M. Millás Vallicrosa found various Arabic manuscripts, in which Ibn Wāfid avoids discussing the pharmacologic properties of plants, and insists on his proper method of tillage. This book was made good use of by Gabriel Alonso de Herrera in his <i>Agricultura General</i> (Madrid, 1513; repr., 1819). Ibn Wāfid also wrote a treatise on balneology preserved in a Latin version as <i>De balneis</i> (Venice, 1553).</p><h2>BIBLIOGRAPHY</h2><p>On Ibn Wāfid and his work, see J. M. Millás Vallicrosa, “La traducción castellana del ‘Tratado de Agricultura’ de ibn Wāfid,” in <i>Al-Andalus</i>, <b>8</b> (1943), 281 – 332; and G. Sarton, <i>Introduction to the History of Science</i>, <i>I</i> (Baltimore, 1927), 728.</p><p>J. 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Alm Al-Fath) ben Israel</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shuaib-joshua"> <span>Ibn Shuaib, Joshua</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shuaib-joel"> <span>Ibn Shuaib, Joel</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shoshan-david"> <span>Ibn Shoshan, David</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shoshan"> <span>Ibn Shoshan</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shem-tov-shem-tov-ben-joseph-ben-shem-tov"> <span>Ibn Shem Tov, Shem Tov ben Joseph ben Shem Tov</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shem-tov-shem-tov"> <span>Ibn Shem Tov, Shem Tov</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-shem-tov-joseph-ben-shem-tov"> <span>Ibn Shem Tov, Joseph ben Shem Tov</span> </a></div><div class="current-node"> <b>Ibn Wafid, Abu Al-Mutarrif ?Abd Alrahman</b></div><div> <a href="/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibn-wahshiyya-abu-bakr-ahmad-ibn-sali-ibn-al-mukhtar"> <span>Ibn Wahshiyya, Abu Bakr Ahmad Ibn ?Sali Ibn Al-Mukhtar</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-waqar"> <span>Ibn Waqar</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-waqar-joseph-ben-abraham"> <span>Ibn Waqar, Joseph ben Abraham</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-yahya-or-ibn-yihyah-gedaliah-ben-joseph"> <span>Ibn Yaḥya (or Ibn Yihyah), Gedaliah ben Joseph</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-yahya-david-ben-joseph"> <span>Ibn Yaḥya, David ben Joseph</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-yahya-david-ben-solomon"> <span>Ibn Yaḥya, David ben Solomon</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-yahya-gedaliah-ben-david"> <span>Ibn Yaḥya, Gedaliah ben David</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-yahya-gedaliah-ben-tam"> <span>Ibn Yaḥya, Gedaliah ben Tam</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-yahya-joseph-ben-david"> <span>Ibn Yaḥya, Joseph ben David</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-yashush-isaac-abu-ibrahim"> <span>Ibn Yashush, Isaac Abu Ibrahim</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-yunus"> <span>Ibn Yunus</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibn-yunus-abul-hasan-ali-ibn-abd-al-rahman-ibn-yunus-al-sadafi"> <span>Ibn Yunus, Abu?L-Hasan ?Ali Ibn ? Abd Al-Rahman Ibn Yunus Al Sadafi</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-zabara-or-zabarra-joseph-ben-meir"> <span>Ibn Zabara (or Zabarra), Joseph ben Meir</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-zabarra-zabara-judah"> <span>Ibn Zabarra (Zabara), Judah</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-zaddik-joseph-ben-jacob-d-1149"> <span>Ibn Zaddik, Joseph ben Jacob (d. 1149)</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-zadok-solomon"> <span>Ibn Zadok, Solomon</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-zakbel-ibn-sahl-solomon"> <span>Ibn Zakbel (Ibn Sahl), Solomon</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-zuhr"> <span>Ibn Zuhr</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibn-zuhrabu-marwan-abd-al-malik-ibn-abil-ala-latinabhomjeron-or-avenzoar"> <span>Ibn Zuhr,Abu Marwan ?Abd Al-Malik Ibn Abi?l-?Ala? (Latin,Abhomjeron or Avenzoar)</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-zur-jacob-ben-reuben"> <span>Ibn ẓur, Jacob ben Reuben</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-ata-allah"> <span>Ibn ʿAṭāʾ Allāh</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-ezra-avraham"> <span>Ibn ʿEzraʾ, Avraham</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-arabi"> <span>Ibn ‘Arabī</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibo"> <span>IBO</span> </a></div><div> <a href="/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ibp"> <span>IBP</span> </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><div id="footer"> <footer><div><div class="container"><div id="block-trustme-footerad"><script type="text/javascript" async src="https://btloader.com/tag?o=5698917485248512&upapi=true&domain=encyclopedia.com"></script><script>!function(){"use strict";var e;e=document,function(){var t,n;function r(){var t=e.createElement("script");t.src="https://cafemedia-com.videoplayerhub.com/galleryplayer.js",e.head.appendChild(t)}function a(){var t=e.cookie.match("(^|[^;]+)\\s*__adblocker\\s*=\\s*([^;]+)");return t&&t.pop()}function c(){clearInterval(n)}return{init:function(){var e;"true"===(t=a())?r():(e=0,n=setInterval((function(){100!==e&&"false"!==t||c(),"true"===t&&(r(),c()),t=a(),e++}),50))}}}().init()}(); </script></div></div><div id="block-mailchimp"><div><div id="mc_embed_shell"> </div><link href="//cdn-images.mailchimp.com/embedcode/classic-061523.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><style type="text/css"> <![CDATA[// ><!]]> </script></div></div><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-trustme-footer-menu" id="block-trustme-footer"><h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-trustme-footer-menu">Footer menu</h2><ul block="block-trustme-footer"><li> <a href="/" rel="nofollow" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">Home</a></li><li> <a href="/about" rel="nofollow" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1319859">About Us</a></li><li> <a href="/faq" rel="nofollow" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1319856">Help</a></li><li> <a href="/emailus" rel="nofollow" data-drupal-link-system-path="contact/feedback">Site Feedback</a></li><li> <a href="/privacy" rel="nofollow" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1319857">Privacy & Cookie Policy</a></li><li> <a href="/termsofservice" rel="nofollow" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1319858">Terms and Conditions</a></li><li> <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/daily/" title="Daily Stories" rel="nofollow">Daily</a></li></ul> </nav><div id="block-trustme-copyright"><div><p><span>© 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved.</span></p></div></div></div> </footer></div> <i class="back-to-top"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="60" height="60" viewBox="0 300 1792 1792"><path d="M1395 1184q0 13-10 23l-50 50q-10 10-23 10t-23-10l-393-393-393 393q-10 10-23 10t-23-10l-50-50q-10-10-10-23t10-23l466-466q10-10 23-10t23 10l466 466q10 10 10 23z"/></svg> </i><div class="overlay" onclick="closeOverlays();"></div><script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","scriptPath":null,"pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/851090","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"307da934b26902b030680024e1773791a2d0824c3979c033e76f93f811d7f7eb"}}</script><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_c8LbWbHV1txem3q8oAzuadnL-HiBShaQH_WRviNqT_g.js"></script><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_zqxY3WQzYNR0NiKCpM5itT0--wb4EaKcun2onM0X1is.js"></script><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_7riCSsmZKOyjnTzzQILMa9_W2mWycOMuqO6ECCFCXEk.js"></script><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_yLV6HYxC2Rnf9ZekS8oWsZmUNhr7FkzcQDF4zydcT90.js"></script><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_WGXfBW_MzOchPG9FUX5M7UvHZXqRJrIQ3Tfnf5S1iHg.js"></script><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_tktBfzjnrB7xMITYhdbTb6qmqn2rp18dRqxlbIIfdNk.js"></script></body></html>