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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Teachings of Dayananda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teachings_of_Dayananda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dayanand's_mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dayanand's_mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dayanand's mission</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dayanand's_mission-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dayanand's mission subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dayanand's_mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_Of_Arya_Samaj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_Of_Arya_Samaj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Creation Of Arya Samaj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_Of_Arya_Samaj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_superstitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_superstitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Views on superstitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_superstitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_other_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_other_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Views on other religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views_on_other_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Views on other religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Views_on_other_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Sikhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jainism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jainism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Jainism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jainism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassination_attempts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination_attempts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Assassination attempts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination_attempts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Assassination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cremation_and_commemoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cremation_and_commemoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cremation and commemoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cremation_and_commemoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Achievements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Achievements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Achievements subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Complete_list_of_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complete_list_of_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Complete list of works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complete_list_of_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dayananda Saraswati</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="داياناندا ساراسواتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="داياناندا ساراسواتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80" title="দয়ানন্দ সৰস্বতী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="দয়ানন্দ সৰস্বতী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80" title="দয়ানন্দ সরস্বতী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দয়ানন্দ সরস্বতী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daj%C3%A1nanda_Sarasvat%C3%AD" title="Dajánanda Sarasvatí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dajánanda Sarasvatí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayananda" title="Dayananda – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dayananda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayananda_Sarasvati" title="Dayananda Sarasvati – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dayananda Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="دیانند سرسوتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیانند سرسوتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Dayanand" title="Swami Dayanand – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Swami Dayanand" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%81m%C4%AB_Day%C4%81nanda_Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Svāmī Dayānanda Sarasvatī – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Svāmī Dayānanda Sarasvatī" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BF_%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6" title="મહર્ષિ દયાનંદ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મહર્ષિ દયાનંદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="दयानन्द सरस्वती – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दयानन्द सरस्वती" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dayananda Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayananda_Sarasvati" title="Dayananda Sarasvati – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dayananda Sarasvati" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ದಯಾನಂದ ಸರಸ್ವತಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದಯಾನಂದ ಸರಸ್ವತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Даянанда Сарасвати – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Даянанда Сарасвати" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dajanandas_Sarasvatis" title="Dajanandas Sarasvatis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dajanandas Sarasvatis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="स्वामी दयानन्द सरस्वती – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="स्वामी दयानन्द सरस्वती" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="ദയാനന്ദ സരസ്വതി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദയാനന്ദ സരസ്വതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="दयानंद सरस्वती – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दयानंद सरस्वती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89" title="داياناندا ساراسواتى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="داياناندا ساراسواتى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dayananda Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="दयानन्द सरस्वती – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दयानन्द सरस्वती" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%80" title="ଦୟାନନ୍ଦ ସରସ୍ୱତୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଦୟାନନ୍ଦ ସରସ୍ୱତୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਸਵਾਮੀ ਦਯਾਨੰਦ ਸਰਸਵਤੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਵਾਮੀ ਦਯਾਨੰਦ ਸਰਸਵਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="دیانند سرسوتی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دیانند سرسوتی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dajananda_Saraswati" title="Dajananda Saraswati – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dajananda Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Swami Dayananda Saraswati – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Swami Dayananda Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Даянанда Сарасвати – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Даянанда Сарасвати" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="स्वामी दयानन्दसरस्वती – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="स्वामी दयानन्दसरस्वती" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dayananda Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daj%C3%A1nanda_Sarasvat%C3%AD" title="Dajánanda Sarasvatí – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dajánanda Sarasvatí" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svami_Dajananda" title="Svami Dajananda – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svami Dajananda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dayananda Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dayananda Saraswati" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="தயானந்த சரசுவதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தயானந்த சரசுவதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Свами Даянанда Сарасвати – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Свами Даянанда Сарасвати" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="స్వామి దయానంద సరస్వతి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్వామి దయానంద సరస్వతి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5" title="ทยานันท์ สรัสวตี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทยานันท์ สรัสวตี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ದಯಾನಂದ ಸರಸ್ವತಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ದಯಾನಂದ ಸರಸ್ವತಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96" title="Даянанда Сарасваті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Даянанда Сарасваті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="دیانند سرسوتی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دیانند سرسوتی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%80%E8%80%B6%E9%9A%BE%E9%99%80%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%96%84%E5%BA%95" title="陀耶难陀·萨罗斯薄底 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about founder of the <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a>. For founder of <a href="/wiki/Arsha_Vidya_Gurukulam" title="Arsha Vidya Gurukulam">Arsha Vidya Gurukulam</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati_(Arsha_Vidya)" title="Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)">Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #FFC569; color: #000000;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Maharshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharshi">Maharshi</a></i></div><div class="fn">Dayananda Saraswati</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dayananda_Saraswati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dayananda Saraswati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Dayananda_Saraswati.jpg/220px-Dayananda_Saraswati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="381" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Dayananda_Saraswati.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="545" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Mool Shankar Tiwari<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1824-02-12</span>)</span>12 February 1824<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Tankara" title="Tankara">Tankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morvi_State" title="Morvi State">Morvi State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">Company Raj</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">30 October 1883<span style="display:none">(1883-10-30)</span> (aged 59)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Ajmer" title="Ajmer">Ajmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ajmer-Merwara" title="Ajmer-Merwara">Ajmer-Merwara</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Indian</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Organization</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Philosophy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vedic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic">Vedic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Religious career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Guru</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Virajanand_Dandeesha" title="Virajanand Dandeesha">Virajanand Dandeesha</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced by</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kanada_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanada (philosopher)">Kanada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%81ska" title="Yāska">Yāska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badarayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Badarayana">Badarayana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Madam_Cama" class="mw-redirect" title="Madam Cama">Madam Cama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandit_Lekh_Ram" title="Pandit Lekh Ram">Pandit Lekh Ram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Swami Shraddhanand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lala_Hardayal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lala Hardayal">Lala Hardayal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madan_Lal_Dhingra" title="Madan Lal Dhingra">Madan Lal Dhingra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Hansraj" title="Mahatma Hansraj">Mahatma Hansraj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a> and others</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Literary works</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Satyarth_Prakash" title="Satyarth Prakash">Satyarth Prakash</a></i> (1875)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:32em; ;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">Quotation</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>There are undoubtedly many learned men among the followers of every religion. They should free themselves from prejudice, accept the universal truths – that is those truths that are to be found alike in all religions and are of universal application, reject all things in which the various religions differ and treat each other lovingly, it will be greatly to the advantage of the world. </p> </blockquote> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#FFC569;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/80px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/120px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/160px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFC569;"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Orthodox</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFC569;"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Heterodox</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aj%C3%B1ana" title="Ajñana">Ajñana</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b>Sub-schools</b></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartist</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavite</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhedabheda" title="Bhedabheda">Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivite</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Panchartika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalamukha" title="Kalamukha">Pramanavada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veerashaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Veerashaiva">Shakti Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Shiva Bhedabeda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Advaita" title="Shiva Advaita">Shiva Advaita</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Integral_yoga" title="Integral yoga">Integral yoga</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b>Teachers</b> (<a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">Acharyas</a>)</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;;padding-top:0.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Akṣapāda Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a> (Mayavada)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81chaspati_Misra" title="Vāchaspati Misra">Vāchaspati Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a> (Tattvavada)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shakta</a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda Paramahansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamakhepa" title="Bamakhepa">Bamakhepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalakanta_Bhattacharya_(Bengal)" title="Kamalakanta Bhattacharya (Bengal)">Kamalakanta Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamayi_Ma" title="Anandamayi Ma">Anandamayi Ma</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;;font-weight:normal;"> Others</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ka%E1%B9%87%C4%81da" title="Kaṇāda">Kaṇāda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">Secular</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valluvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Valluvar">Valluvar</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Major texts</a></b></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Upanishads" title="Principal Upanishads">Principal Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads#Classification" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Other scriptures</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agama (Hinduism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vachanamrut" title="Vachanamrut">Vachanamrut</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><i><b><a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></b></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samkhyakarika" title="Samkhyakarika">Samkhya Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Secular_ethics" title="Secular ethics">Secular ethics</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Other Indian philosophies</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_philosophy" title="Template:Hindu philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_philosophy" title="Template talk:Hindu philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dayanand Saraswati</b><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/14\/Dayananda_Saraswati.ogg\/Dayananda_Saraswati.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"pronunciation"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Dayananda Saraswati.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/Dayananda_Saraswati.ogg/Dayananda_Saraswati.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">pronunciation</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Dayananda_Saraswati.ogg" title="File:Dayananda Saraswati.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) born <b>Mool Shankar Tiwari</b> (12 February 1824 – 30 October 1883), was a Hindu <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social" title="Social">social</a> <a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leader</a> and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement">reform movement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. His book <i><a href="/wiki/Satyarth_Prakash" title="Satyarth Prakash">Satyarth Prakash</a></i> has remained one of the influential texts on the philosophy of the Vedas and clarifications of various ideas and duties of human beings. He was the first to give the call for <i><a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">Swaraj</a></i> as "India for Indians" in 1876, a call later taken up by <a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Lokmanya Tilak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denouncing the <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idolatry</a> and ritualistic worship, he worked towards reviving <a href="/wiki/Vedic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic">Vedic</a> ideologies. Subsequently, the <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/S._Radhakrishnan" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Radhakrishnan">S. Radhakrishnan</a>, called him one of the "makers of Modern India", as did <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Those who were influenced by and followed Dayananda included <a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Madam Cama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandit_Lekh_Ram" title="Pandit Lekh Ram">Pandit Lekh Ram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Swami Shraddhanand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kishan_Singh_Gargaj" title="Kishan Singh Gargaj">Kishan Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhai_Parmanand" title="Bhai Parmanand">Bhai Parmanand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Lala Hardayal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madan_Lal_Dhingra" title="Madan Lal Dhingra">Madan Lal Dhingra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqullah Khan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Isrj.net_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isrj.net-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Hansraj" title="Mahatma Hansraj">Mahatma Hansraj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yogmaya_Neupane" title="Yogmaya Neupane">Yogmaya Neupane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was a <a href="/wiki/Sanyasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanyasi">sanyasi</a> (ascetic) from boyhood and a scholar. He believed in the <a href="/wiki/Infallibility" title="Infallibility">infallible</a> <a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">authority</a> of the Vedas. Dayananda advocated the doctrines of <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">karma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnation</a>. He emphasized the Vedic ideals of <a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">brahmacharya</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">celibacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">devotion to God</a>. </p><p>Among Dayananda's contributions were his opposition to <a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">untouchability</a>, promotion of the <a href="/wiki/Equal_rights_for_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Equal rights for women">equal rights for women</a> and his commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> from <a href="/wiki/Vedic_Sanskrit" title="Vedic Sanskrit">Vedic Sanskrit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> as well as in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dayananda Saraswati was born on the 10th day of waning moon in the month of Purnimanta Phalguna (12 February 1824) on the <a href="/wiki/Tithi" title="Tithi">tithi</a> to an Indian <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> family<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Tankara" title="Tankara">Tankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathiawad" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathiawad">Kathiawad</a> region (now <a href="/wiki/Morbi_district" title="Morbi district">Morbi district</a> of Gujarat).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Audichya_Brahmin" title="Audichya Brahmin">Audichya Brahmin</a> sub-division.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His original name was Mool Shankar Tiwari (Trivedi, in its original form), because he was born in Dhanu Rashi and Mul Nakshatra. His father was Karshanji Lalji Trivedi,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his mother was Yashodabai. </p><p>When he was eight years old, his <a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Yajnopavita Sanskara</a> ceremony was performed, marking his entry into formal education. His father was a follower of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> and taught him the ways to worship Shiva. He was also taught the importance of keeping fasts. On the occasion of <a href="/wiki/Shivratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivratri">Shivratri</a>, Dayananda sat awake the whole night in obedience to Shiva. During one of these fasts, he saw a mouse eating the offerings and running over the idol's body. After seeing this, he questioned that if Shiva could not defend himself against a mouse, then how could he be the saviour of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The deaths of his younger sister and his uncle from <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> led Dayananda to ponder the meaning of life and death. He began asking questions which worried his parents. He was engaged in his early teens, but he decided marriage was not for him and ran away from home in 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-iloveindia_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iloveindia-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-culturalindia_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culturalindia-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dayanand Saraswati spent nearly twenty-five years, from 1845 to 1869, as a wandering <a href="/wiki/Ascetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascetic">ascetic</a>, searching for religious truth. He found out that the joy from material goods was not enough, therefore he decided to devote himself to spiritual pursuits in forests, retreats in the <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Himalaya">Himalayan</a> Mountains, and pilgrimage sites in northern India. During these years he practised various forms of <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a> and became a disciple of a teacher named <a href="/wiki/Virajanand_Dandeesha" title="Virajanand Dandeesha">Virajanand Dandeesha</a>. Virajanand believed that <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> had strayed from its historical roots and that many of its practices had become impure. Dayananda Sarasvati promised Virajanand that he would devote his life to restoring the rightful place of the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> in the Hindu faith.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teachings_of_Dayananda">Teachings of Dayananda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Teachings of Dayananda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maharshi Dayanand advocated that all human beings are equally capable of achieving anything. He said all the creatures are the eternal Praja or citizens of the Supreme Lord. He said the four Vedas which are <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a> are the only true uncorrupted sources of Dharma, revealed by the Supreme Lord, at the beginning of every creation, also because they are the only perfectly preserved knowledge without alterations using <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_prosody" title="Sanskrit prosody">Sanskrit prosody or Chhandas</a> and different techniques of counting the number of verses with different <a href="/wiki/Vedic_chant" title="Vedic chant">Vedic chanting</a> techniques. He says, that confusion regarding the Vedas arose due to the misinterpretations of the Vedas, and Vedas promote Science and ask Humans to discover the Ultimate Truth, which he has emphasized throughout his Commentary on the Vedas. </p><p>He accepted the teachings of the first ten <a href="/wiki/Principal_Upanishads" title="Principal Upanishads">Principal Upanishads</a> also with <a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara Upanishad</a>, which explains the Adhyatma part of the Vedas. He further said, that any source, including Upanishads, should be considered and accepted to only that extent as they are in conformity with the teachings of the Vedas.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He accepted the 6 <a href="/wiki/Vedanga" title="Vedanga">Vedanga</a> texts which include grammar and the like required for the correct interpretation of the Vedas. Among Sanskrit grammatical texts, he says, <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%AD%C4%81dhy%C4%81y%C4%AB" title="Aṣṭādhyāyī">Aṣṭādhyāyī</a> and its commentary, <a href="/wiki/Mahabhashya" title="Mahabhashya">Mahabhashya</a> by Maharshi <a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a> are the current surviving valid texts and all other surviving modern-grammatical texts should not be accepted as they are confusing, dishonest and will not help people in learning the Vedas easily.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He accepted the six Darshana Shastras which includes <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Purva Mimamsa Sutras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Vedanta Sutras</a>. Unlike other medieval Sanskrit scholars, Dayanand said all the six Darshanas are not opponents but each throws light on different aspects required by the Creation. Hence they are all independent in their own right and all of them conform with the teachings of the Vedas. He says Acharya Kapila of Sankhya Darshan was not an atheist but it is the scholars who misinterpreted his sutras.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He said the books called Brahamana-Granthas such as <a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Brahmana" title="Aitareya Brahmana">Aitareya Brahmana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shatapatha_Brahmana" title="Shatapatha Brahmana">Shatapatha Brahmana</a>, Sāma Brahamana, <a href="/wiki/Gopatha_Brahmana" title="Gopatha Brahmana">Gopatha Brahmana</a>, etc. which are authored by the seers to explain the meaning of the Vedas are also valid but again only to that extent as they agree with four Vedas because these texts are prone to interpolations by others. He said it is these books which are called by the names "Itihasa, Purana, Narashamsa, Kalpa, Gatha" since they contain information about the life of Seers and incidents, they inform about the creation of the World, etc...<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He stated that the eighteen <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a> and the eighteen <a href="/wiki/Upapurana" title="Upapurana">Upapuranas</a>, are not the authentic Puranas and these are not authored by sage <a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a>, and they violate the teachings of the Vedas and therefore should not be accepted. The eighteen Puranas and Upapuranas are filled with contradictions, idol worship, incarnations and personification of God, temples, rituals, and practices that are against the Vedas. In his book Satyarth Prakash, he says whatever 'good' is present in these eighteen Puranas and Upapuranas, are already present in the Vedas and since they contain too many false pieces of information that can mislead people, they should be rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He points that the sage Vyasa was called so by the name "Vyasa" not because he divided the Vedas but indicates the "diameter or breadth" which means sage Veda Vyasa had studied the Vedas in great depth.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He lists out various texts that should not be treated as honest texts to develop one's understanding of the World and the Lord. He rejected "all" of the Tantric texts including <a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a>. He said that these texts are not valid as they teach different customs, rituals, and practices which are against the Vedas.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dayanand based his teachings on the Vedas which can be summarised as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>There are three entities that are eternal: 1. The Supreme Lord or Paramatma, 2. The Individual Souls or Jivatmas, which are vast in number but not infinite, 3. Prakriti or Nature.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prak%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Prakṛti">Prakṛti</a> or Nature, which is the material cause of the Creation, is eternal and is characterized by Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas, which tend to be in equilibrium. In every cycle of creation, the conscious Supreme Lord will disturb its equilibrium and make it useful for the creation of the World and its forces and to manufacture the bodies required by the individual souls. After a specific time called the day of the Brahma (Brahma means great, lengthy, etc.), the creation would be dissolved and nature would be restored to its equilibrium. After a period called the Night of Brahma, which is equal to the length of the day of the Brahma, the Creation would set forth again. This cycle of creation and dissolution is eternal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva" title="Jiva">Jiva</a> or Jivatma or Individual Eternal Soul or Self, are many who are different from one another yet have similar characteristics and can reach the 'same level' of Happiness in the state of Moksha or Liberation. They are not made out of Natural particles and are bodiless, beyond all genders and all other characteristics as seen in the World, but they acquire a body made out of Nature and it is known as taking 'birth'. These souls are subtler than Nature itself but take birth through the body as per the creative principles set by the Supreme Lord based on their past Karma, and they put effort into improving themselves. By realizing oneself, Nature, and the Supreme Lord, Individual Souls are Liberated. But this realization depends on their efforts and knowledge. They keep coming to the World, use Nature, obtain the fruits of their actions, and appear taking myriads of lives of different animals (Those who have attained higher intellectual bodies can also go back to lower forms based on their Karma or actions), they redo their actions, and are free to choose their actions, learn and relearn, attain Liberation. After the long duration of Moksha or Liberation, would come back again into the world. Since this period of Moksha or Liberation is long, it appears as though they never return or they never take birth again, by the other beings who are still in the World. Since they are eternal and capable of working, these characteristics cannot be destroyed. They are timeless, eternal but are not omniscients and hence cannot be the pervaders of entire Space.</li> <li>The Supreme Lord who is One without second like him, whose name is <a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a>, is the efficient cause of the Universe. Lord's Chief characteristics are - Sat, Chit, and Ananda i.e., "Exists", has "Supreme Consciousness" and is "Eternally Blissful". The Lord and his characteristics are the same. The Supreme Lord is ever present everywhere, whose characteristics are beyond Nature or Prakriti, and pervades all the individual souls and the Nature. It is not characteristic of the Supreme Lord to take birth or incarnate. He is ever pure i.e., unmixed by the characteristics of Nature and the individual souls. The Supreme Lord is bodiless, infinite, hence has no form and hence cannot be worshipped through idols but can only be reached by any being through Yogic <a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samadhi</a> as advocated in the Vedas which is summarised in the <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a>. Since the Lord is bodiless and hence beyond all genders, the Vedas address him as Father, Mother, Friend, Cause of the Worlds, Maker, etc... He is the subtlest entity which is subtler than Nature, Pervading and Filling the entire existence and Space. It is due to his subtlety that he could take hold of Nature to create the Worlds and he proposes no difficulty for the motion of the Worlds in Space. Hence he is called <a href="/wiki/Paramatman" title="Paramatman">Paramatman</a>, which means 'Ultimate Pervader". There exists neither who is equal to him nor completely opposed to him. The ideas of Satans, Ghosts, etc. are foreign to the Vedas.</li> <li>He said the names Agni, Shiva, Vishnu, Brahma, Prajapati, Paramatma, Vishva, Vayu, etc. are the different characteristics of the Supreme Lord, and the meaning of each of the names should be obtained by <a href="/wiki/Dhatupatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhatupatha">Dhatupatha</a> or <a href="/wiki/Root_(linguistics)" title="Root (linguistics)">Root</a>. And these names do not refer to any Puranic Deities. Also, certain names may also refer to the worldly elements which should be distinguished from their contexts.</li> <li>Regarding the notion of Saguna and Nirguna in explaining the nature of the Lord. Saguna, he says, refers to characteristics of the Lord such as Pervasiveness, Omnipotency, Bliss, Ultimate Consciousness, etc. and, Nirguna, he says, refers to those characteristics which do not characterize the Lord, for example: of Nature and the Individual Souls such as different states of existence, taking birth, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a> or State of Liberation does not refer to any characteristic place but it is the state of Individual Souls who have achieved Liberation. The Jivas or Individual Souls are characterized by four different states of existence which are: 1. Jagrat (Wakefulness), 2. Swapna (Dreaming), 3. Sushupti (Deep Sleep) and 4. <a href="/wiki/Turiya" title="Turiya">Turiya</a>. It is in the fourth Turiya state, that the Individual Souls exist without contact with Nature but are conscious of their own selves, other Individual Souls, and the Supreme Lord (or Eternal Truth). This state of Moksha or Turiya is not seen in the World hence incomparable but can only be realized. In this state they are free of every tinge of Nature and possess their own minds and experience bliss, the pleasure of their freedom, and the like, which are incomparable with any form of pleasure in the world. They are bodiless in that state and can attain any form of pleasure by their own will without requiring any external agent such as, for example, they can perform the function of ears on their ownself without requiring material ears, etc. In that state they are capable fulfilling of all their wishes, can go anywhere they want right then and there, witness the creation, maintenance, and dissolution of the worlds, they also come in contact with other individuals who are liberated. But in that state, the creative powers remain with the Supreme Lord because the powers of the Lord and the Lord himself are not different things. In Moksha, the individual souls remain distinct from one another and from the Supreme Lord. And, by means of their own capability and with the Supreme Lord as their means, they enjoy the bliss. After the period of Moksha, they pass on to this World again, in support of which, he quotes Veda Mantras and Mundaka Upanishad, in his book <a href="/wiki/Satyarth_Prakash" title="Satyarth Prakash">Satyarth Prakash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rigvedadi_Bhashya_Bhumika" title="Rigvedadi Bhashya Bhumika">Rigvedadi Bhashya Bhumika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Again, it is the mark of Maharshi Dayanand's wit that he reconciles the notion of unending or Eternal Moksha. He says, "the 'Eternal Moksha' or 'Ananta Moksha', refers to the 'permanency of pleasures of Moksha' unlike the momentary pleasures of the World, and does not necessarily mean the individual souls will remain in Moksha permanently." He clarifies it by saying that the individual souls are permanent and hence their characteristics also, and it is 'illogical' to consider that an individual soul would get trapped in one of the moments of the beginningless time, and escape the World for eternity by using the finite time period of his lives in different creature forms. Even if the illogical is accepted then also it means that even before he got trapped in Creation, he was in Moksha, and hence his Moksha period may fail at times is the conclusion that is contradictory to the assumption that Moksha is an infinite period of time. Hence, the Vedic teaching that the individual souls should come back after liberation should be considered valid. In a different point of view, he clarifies the same idea by saying that all actions whatever, are done for a finite time period cannot yield infinite results or fruit-of-actions, and after the period of Moksha, the jivas or individual should not have the capability to enjoy the bliss of Moksha further.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>He opposed <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sati_(practice)" title="Sati (practice)">Sati practice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti worship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_India" title="Child marriage in India">child marriage</a>, etc. which are against the spirit of the Vedas and advocated that all evils of society should be thoroughly investigated and should be removed. The Varnashrama is based on education and profession and in his book Satyarth Prakash, he quotes passages from Manusmriti, Grihya Sutras, and Vedas which support his claims. He advocated the notion of <i>One Government Throughout the World</i>, also known as <i>Chakradhipatya</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_22-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dayanand's_mission"><span id="Dayanand.27s_mission"></span>Dayanand's mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dayanand's mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG/220px-O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG/330px-O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG/440px-O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Aum</a> or Om is considered by the <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a> to be the highest and most proper name of God.</figcaption></figure><p> He believed that Hinduism had been corrupted by divergence from the founding principles of the Vedas and that Hindus had been misled by the priesthood for the priests' self-aggrandizement. For this mission, he founded the <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a>, enunciating the Ten Universal Principles as a code for <a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a>, called <i>Krinvanto Vishwaryam</i>. With these principles, he intended the whole world to be an abode for Aryas (Nobles). </p><p>His next step was to reform Hinduism with a new dedication to God. He travelled the country challenging religious scholars and priests to discussions, winning repeatedly through the strength of his arguments and knowledge of Sanskrit and Vedas.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priests</a> discouraged the <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">laity</a> from reading <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedic</a> scriptures, and encouraged rituals, such as bathing in the <a href="/wiki/Ganges_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges River">Ganges River</a> and feeding of priests on anniversaries, which Dayananda pronounced as <a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">superstitions</a> or self-serving practices. By exhorting the nation to reject such superstitious notions, his aim was to educate the nation to return to the teachings of the Vedas, and to follow the Vedic way of life. He also exhorted Hindus to accept social reforms, including the importance of cows for national prosperity as well as the adoption of <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> as the national language for national integration. Through his daily life and practice of yoga and asanas, teachings, preaching, sermons and writings, he inspired Hindus to aspire for <i>Swarajya</i> (self-governance), nationalism, and spiritualism. He advocated the equal rights and respects to women and advocated for the education of all children, regardless of gender. </p><p>Dayanand also made critical analyses of faiths including <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, as well as of other Indian faiths like <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>. In addition to discouraging <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idolatry</a> in Hinduism,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was also against what he considered to be the corruption of the true and pure faith in his own country. Unlike many other reform movements of his times within Hinduism, the Arya Samaj's appeal was addressed not only to the educated few in India, but to the world as a whole as evidenced in the sixth principle of the Arya Samaj. As a result, his teachings professed universalism for all the living beings and not for any particular sect, faith, community or nation. </p><p>Arya Samaj allows and encourages converts to Hinduism. Dayananda's concept of <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a> is stated in the "Beliefs and Disbeliefs" section of <i>Satyartha Prakash,</i> he says: </p> <blockquote><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"I accept as Dharma whatever is in full conformity with impartial justice, truthfulness and the like; that which is not opposed to the teachings of God as embodied in the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>. Whatever is not free from partiality and is unjust, partaking of untruth and the like, and opposed to the teachings of God as embodied in the Vedas—that I hold as <a href="/wiki/Adharma" title="Adharma">Adharma</a>."<br /> "He, who after careful thinking, is ever ready to accept truth and reject falsehood; who counts the happiness of others as he does that of his own self, him I call just."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Satyarth Prakash</i></cite></div></blockquote></blockquote> <p>Dayananda's Vedic message emphasized respect and reverence for other human beings, supported by the Vedic notion of the divine nature of the individual. In the <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj#Principles" title="Arya Samaj">Ten Principles of the Arya Samaj</a>, he enshrined the idea that "All actions should be performed with the prime objective of benefiting mankind", as opposed to following dogmatic rituals or revering idols and symbols. The first five principles speak of Truth, while the last five speak of a society with nobility, civics, co-living, and disciplined life. In his own life, he interpreted <a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a> to be a lower calling, as it argued for benefits to the individual, rather than calling to emancipate others. </p><p>Dayananda's "back to the Vedas" message influenced many thinkers and philosophers the world over.<sup id="cite_ref-Panicker_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panicker-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activities">Activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dayanand Saraswati is recorded to have been active since he was 14, which time he was able to recite religious verses and teach about them. He was respected at the time for taking part in religious debates. His debates were attended by large crowds. </p><p>On 22 October 1869 in <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> he lost a debate against 27 scholars and 12 expert pandits. The debate was said to have been attended by over 50,000 people. The main topic was "Do the Vedas uphold deity worship ?"<sup id="cite_ref-The_World_p._123_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_World_p._123-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creation_Of_Arya_Samaj">Creation Of Arya Samaj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Creation Of Arya Samaj"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></div> <p>Dayananda Saraswati's creation, the <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a>, condemned practices of several different religions and communities, including such practices as <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idol worship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">animal sacrifice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimages</a>, priest craft, offerings made in temples, <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">the castes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_India" title="Child marriage in India">child marriage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat eating</a> and discrimination against women. He argued that all of these practices ran contrary to good sense and the wisdom of the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views_on_superstitions">Views on superstitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Views on superstitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He severely criticized practices which he considered to be superstitions, including sorcery, and astrology, which were prevalent in India at the time. Below are several quotes from his book, Sathyarth Prakash: </p> <blockquote><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"They should also counsel then against all things that lead to superstition, and are opposed to true religion and science, so that they may never give credence to such imaginary things as ghosts (Bhuts) and spirits (Preta)."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Satyarth_Prakash" title="Satyarth Prakash">Satyarth Prakash</a></i></cite></div></blockquote></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"All alchemists, magicians, sorcerers, wizards, spiritists, etc. are cheats and all their practices should be looked upon as nothing but downright fraud. Young people should be well counseled against all these frauds, in their very childhood, so that they may not suffer through being duped by any unprincipled person."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Satyarth_Prakash" title="Satyarth Prakash">Satyarth Prakash</a></i></cite></div></blockquote> <p>On <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a>, he wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When these ignorant people go to an astrologer and say "O Sir! What is wrong with this person?" He replies "The sun and other stars are maleficent to him. If you were to perform a propitiatory ceremony or have magic formulas chanted, or prayers said, or specific acts of charity done, he will recover. Otherwise, I should not be surprised, even if he were to lose his life after a long period of suffering." </p><p>Inquirer – Well, Mr. Astrologer, you know, the sun and other stars are but inanimate things like this earth of ours. They can do nothing but give light, heat, etc. Do you take them for conscious being possessed of human passions, of pleasure and anger, that when offended, bring on pain and misery, and when propitiated, bestow happiness on human beings? </p><p>Astrologer – Is it not through the influence of stars, then, that some people are rich and others poor, some are rulers, whilst others are their subjects? </p><p>Inq. – No, it is all the result of their deeds...good or bad. </p><p>Ast. – Is the Science of stars untrue then? </p><p> Inq. – No, that part of it which comprises Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, etc., and which goes by the name of Astronomy is true; but the other part that treats of the influence of stars on human beings and their actions and goes by the name of Astrology is all false.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Chapter 2.2 <i><a href="/wiki/Satyarth_Prakash" title="Satyarth Prakash">Satyarth Prakash</a></i></cite></div></blockquote> <p>He makes a clear distinction between Jyotisha Shaastra and astrology, calling astrology a fraud. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Thereafter, they should thoroughly study the Jyotisha Shaastra – which includes Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Geography, Geology, and Astronomy in two years. They should also have practical training in these Sciences, learn the proper handling of instruments, master their mechanism, and know how to use them. But they should regard Astrology – which treats of the influence of stars and constellation on the destinies of man, of auspiciousness and inauspiciousness of time, of horoscopes, etc. – as a fraud, and never learn or teach any books on this subject. </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>"The Scheme of Studies" Page 73 of the English Version of <i><a href="/wiki/Satyarth_Prakash" title="Satyarth Prakash">Satyarth Prakash</a></i>.</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views_on_other_religions">Views on other religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Views on other religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He considered the prevalent religions to have either immoral stories, or badly practised, or some of them have sufficiently moved away from the Vedas.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his book Satyarth Prakash, Maharshi Dayanand has analysed critically current form of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islam" title="Criticism of Islam">Criticism of Islam</a></div> <p>He viewed Islam to be waging wars and immorality. He doubted that Islam had anything to do with the God, and questioned why a God would hate every non-believer, allowing the slaughter of animals, and command <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> to slaughter innocent people.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He further described Muhammad as "imposter", and one who held out "a bait to men and women, in the name of God, to compass his own selfish needs." He regarded Quran as "Not the Word of God. It is a human work. Hence it cannot be believed in."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism of Christianity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus#Dayanand_Saraswati" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism of Jesus § Dayanand Saraswati</a></div> <p>His analysis of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> was based on an attempt to compare it with scientific evidence, morality, and other properties. His analysis claimed that the Bible contains many stories and precepts that are immoral, praising cruelty, deceit and that encourage sin.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One commentary notes many alleged discrepancies and fallacies of logic in the Bible e.g. that God fearing Adam eating the fruit of life and becoming his equal displays jealousy. His critique attempts to show logical fallacies in the Bible, and throughout he asserts that the events depicted in the Bible portray God as a man rather than an omniscient, omnipotent or complete being.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He opposed the <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">perpetual virginity of Mary</a>, adding that such doctrines are simply against the nature of law, and that God would never break his own law because God is omniscient and infallible.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sikhism">Sikhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sikhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Sikhism" title="Criticism of Sikhism">Criticism of Sikhism</a></div> <p>He regarded <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a> as "rogue", who was quite ignorant about Vedas, Sanskrit, Shashtra, and otherwise Nanak wouldn't be mistaken with words.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He further said that followers of Sikhism are to be blamed for making up stories that Nanak possessed miraculous powers and met God. He criticized Guru Gobind Singh and other Sikh Gurus, saying they "invented fictitious stories", although he also recognized Gobind Singh to be "indeed a very brave man."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jainism">Jainism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Jainism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jainism" title="Criticism of Jainism">Criticism of Jainism</a></div> <p>He regarded Jainism as "a most dreadful religion", writing that Jains were intolerant and hostile towards the non-Jains.<sup id="cite_ref-Panicker_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panicker-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Buddhism" title="Criticism of Buddhism">Criticism of Buddhism</a></div> <p>Dayanand described Buddhism as "anti-vedic" and "atheistic." He noted that the type of "salvation" Buddhism prescribes, is attainable even to dogs and donkeys. He further criticized the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology" title="Buddhist cosmology">Buddhist cosmology</a> which says that earth was not created.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assassination_attempts">Assassination attempts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Assassination attempts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dayananda was subjected to many unsuccessful assassination attempts on his life.<sup id="cite_ref-The_World_p._123_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_World_p._123-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to his supporters, he was poisoned on a few occasions, but due to his regular practice of <a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatha Yoga">Hatha Yoga</a> he survived all such attempts. One story tells that attackers once attempted to drown him in a river, but Dayananda dragged the assailants into the river instead, though he released them before they drowned.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another account claims that he was attacked by Muslims who were offended by his criticism of Islam while meditating on the Ganges. They threw him into the water but he is claimed to have saved himself because his <a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">pranayama</a> practice allowed him to stay under water until the attackers left.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assassination">Assassination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Assassination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1883, the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jodhpur_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Jodhpur State">Jodhpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh_II" title="Jaswant Singh II">Jaswant Singh II</a>, invited Dayananda to stay at his palace. The Maharaja was eager to become Dayananda's disciple and to learn his teachings. Dayananda went to the Maharaja's restroom during his stay and saw him with a dancing girl named Nanhi Jaan. Dayananda asked the Maharaja to forsake the girl and all unethical acts and to follow the <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a> like a true Arya (noble). Dayananda's suggestion offended Nanhi, who decided to take revenge.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 September 1883, Nanhi Jaan bribed Dayananda's cook, Jagannath, to mix small pieces of glass in his nightly milk.<sup id="cite_ref-rg_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rg-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dayananda was served glass-laden milk before bed, which he promptly drank, becoming bedridden for several days, and suffering excruciating pain. The Maharaja quickly arranged doctor's services for him. However, by the time doctors arrived, his condition had worsened, and he had developed large bleeding sores. Upon seeing Dayananda's suffering, Jagannath was overwhelmed with guilt and confessed his crime to Dayananda. On his deathbed, Dayananda forgave him, and gave him a bag of money, telling him to flee the kingdom before he was found and executed by the Maharaja's men.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, the Maharaja arranged for him to be sent to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Abu" title="Mount Abu">Mount Abu</a> as per the advice of Residency, however, after staying for some time in Abu, on 26 October 1883, he was sent to <a href="/wiki/Ajmer" title="Ajmer">Ajmer</a> for better medical care, but the Rajadhiraj of Shahpura, Ajmer, Sir Nahar Singh Bahadur, was radicalized against the Arya Samaj through books written by <a href="/wiki/Jawahir_Singh_Kapur" title="Jawahir Singh Kapur">Bhai Jawahir Singh Kapur</a>, who was one of his close personal friends.<sup id="cite_ref-rg_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rg-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was no improvement in the Swami's health, no medical aid was given and he died on the morning of the Hindu festival of <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> on 30 October 1883 chanting <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rg_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rg-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hin1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hin1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cremation_and_commemoration">Cremation and commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cremation and commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NavlakhaMahal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/NavlakhaMahal.jpg/200px-NavlakhaMahal.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/NavlakhaMahal.jpg/300px-NavlakhaMahal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/NavlakhaMahal.jpg/400px-NavlakhaMahal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Information board inside Navlakha Mahal.</figcaption></figure> <p>He breathed his last at <i>Bhinai Kothi</i> at Bhinai 54 km south of Ajmer, and his ashes were scattered at Ajmer in <a href="/wiki/Ana_Sagar_Lake#Rishi_Udyan" title="Ana Sagar Lake">Rishi Udyan</a> as per his wishes.<sup id="cite_ref-swa1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swa1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rishi Udyan, which has a functional Arya Samaj temple with daily morning and evening <a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">yajna</a> <a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">homa</a>, is located on the banks of <a href="/wiki/Ana_Sagar_Lake" title="Ana Sagar Lake">Ana Sagar Lake</a> off the <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_58_(India)" title="National Highway 58 (India)">NH58 Ajmer-Pushkar Highway</a>. An annual 3 day <i>Arya Samaj <a href="/wiki/Mel%C4%81" title="Melā">melā</a></i> is held every year at <i>Rishi Udyan</i> on Rishi Dayanand's death anniversary at the end of October, which also entails vedic seminars, vedas memorisation competition, yajna, and <a href="/wiki/Dhvaja" title="Dhvaja">Dhavaja Rohan</a> flag march.<sup id="cite_ref-swa2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swa2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is organized by the <i>Paropkarini Sabha</i>, which was founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati on 16 August 1880 in Meerut, registered in Ajmer on 27 February 1883, and since 1893 has been operating from its office in Ajmer.<sup id="cite_ref-swa2_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swa2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Every year on <a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a>, Arya Samajis celebrate <a href="/wiki/Tankara#Rishi_Bodh_Utsav" title="Tankara">Rishi Bodh Utsav</a> during the 2 days mela at Tankara organized by Tankara Trust, during which <a href="/wiki/Mangal_Shobhajatra" title="Mangal Shobhajatra">Shobha Yatra</a> procession and Maha Yajna is held; event is also attended by the Prime Minister of India <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> and Chief Minister of Gujarat <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Rupani" title="Vijay Rupani">Vijay Rupani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gulab_Bagh_and_Zoo#Navlakha_Mahal" title="Gulab Bagh and Zoo">Navlakha Mahal</a> inside <a href="/wiki/Gulab_Bagh_and_Zoo" title="Gulab Bagh and Zoo">Gulab Bagh and Zoo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Udaipur" title="Udaipur">Udaipur</a> is also associated with him where he wrote the second edition of his seminal work, Satyarth Prakash, in <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Samvat</a> 1939 (1882-83 CE).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dayananda_Saraswati_1962_stamp_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Dayananda_Saraswati_1962_stamp_of_India.jpg/220px-Dayananda_Saraswati_1962_stamp_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Dayananda_Saraswati_1962_stamp_of_India.jpg/330px-Dayananda_Saraswati_1962_stamp_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Dayananda_Saraswati_1962_stamp_of_India.jpg/440px-Dayananda_Saraswati_1962_stamp_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption>Dayananda Saraswati on a 1962 stamp of India.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Maharshi_Dayanand_University" title="Maharshi Dayanand University">Maharshi Dayanand University</a> in Rohtak, <a href="/wiki/Maharshi_Dayanand_Saraswati_University" title="Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University">Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University</a> in Ajmer, <a href="/wiki/DAV_University" title="DAV University">DAV University</a> (Dayanand Anglo-Vedic Schools System) in Jalandhar are named after him. So are over 800 schools and colleges under <a href="/wiki/D.A.V._College_Managing_Committee" title="D.A.V. College Managing Committee">D.A.V. College Managing Committee</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Dayanand_College" title="Dayanand College">Dayanand College</a> at Ajmer. Industrialist <a href="/wiki/Nanji_Kalidas_Mehta" title="Nanji Kalidas Mehta">Nanji Kalidas Mehta</a> built the Maharshi Dayanand Science College and donated it to the Education Society of Porbandar, after naming it after Dayananda Saraswati. </p><p>Dayananda Saraswati is most notable for influencing the freedom movement of India. His views and writings have been used by various individuals, including <a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Madam Cama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Lala Hardayal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madan_Lal_Dhingra" title="Madan Lal Dhingra">Madan Lal Dhingra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Isrj.net_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isrj.net-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Swami Shraddhanand</a>, <a href="/wiki/S._Satyamurti" title="S. Satyamurti">S. Satyamurti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandit_Lekh_Ram" title="Pandit Lekh Ram">Pandit Lekh Ram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Hansraj" title="Mahatma Hansraj">Mahatma Hansraj</a> and others. </p><p>He also had a notable influence on <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh, after finishing primary school, had joined the Dayanand Anglo Vedic Middle School, of Mohan Lal Road, in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan</a>, on Shivratri day, 24 February 1964, wrote about Dayananda: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Swami Dayananda ranked highest among the makers of modern India. He had worked tirelessly for the political, religious and cultural emancipation of the country. He was guided by reason, taking Hinduism back to the Vedic foundations. He had tried to reform society with a clean sweep, which was again needed today. Some of the reforms introduced in the Indian Constitution had been inspired by his teachings.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The places Dayanand visited during his life were often changed culturally as a result. <a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a> adopted <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> as main language, and later the present day <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> did the same.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other admirers included <a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Swami Vivekananda</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bipin_Chandra_Pal" title="Bipin Chandra Pal">Bipin Chandra Pal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a>, who regarded Dayananda as a remarkable and unique figure.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>American Spiritualist <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Davis" title="Andrew Jackson Davis">Andrew Jackson Davis</a> described Dayanand's influence on him, calling Dayanand a "Son of God", and applauding him for restoring the status of the Nation.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sten_Konow" title="Sten Konow">Sten Konow</a>, a Swedish scholar noted that Dayanand revived the history of India.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Others who were notably influenced by him include <a href="/wiki/Ninian_Smart" title="Ninian Smart">Ninian Smart</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Walker_(author)" title="Benjamin Walker (author)">Benjamin Walker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Achievements">Achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dayananda Saraswati wrote more than 60 works. This includes a 16-volume explanation of the <a href="/wiki/Vedanga" title="Vedanga">Vedangas</a>, an incomplete commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Ashtadhyayi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashtadhyayi">Ashtadhyayi</a> (Panini's grammar), several small tracts on ethics and morality, Vedic rituals and sacraments, and a piece on the analysis of rival doctrines (such as <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a> <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>). Some of his major works include the <a href="/wiki/Satyarth_Prakash" title="Satyarth Prakash">Satyarth Prakash</a>, Satyarth Bhumika, Sanskarvidhi, <a href="/wiki/Rigvedadi_Bhashya_Bhumika" title="Rigvedadi Bhashya Bhumika">Rigvedadi Bhashya Bhumika</a>, Rigved Bhashyam (up to 7/61/2) and Yajurved Bhashyam. The Paropakarini Sabha located in the Indian city of <a href="/wiki/Ajmer" title="Ajmer">Ajmer</a> was founded by Saraswati to publish and preach his works and <a href="/wiki/Vedic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic">Vedic</a> texts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complete_list_of_works">Complete list of works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Complete list of works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <ol><li><i>Sandhya</i> (Unavailable) (1863)</li> <li><i>Bhagwat Khandan</i> OR <i>Paakhand Khandan</i> OR <i>Vaishnavmat Khandan</i> (1866)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which criticised the <a href="/wiki/Srimad_Bhagavatam" class="mw-redirect" title="Srimad Bhagavatam">Srimad Bhagavatam</a></li> <li><i>Advaitmat Khandan</i> which criticised <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a></li> <li><i>Panchmahayajya Vidhi</i> (1874 & 1877)</li> <li><i>Satyarth Prakash</i> (1875 & 1884)</li> <li><i>Vedanti Dhwant Nivaran</i> (1875) which criticised <a href="/wiki/Vedanta_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedanta philosophy">Vedanta philosophy</a></li> <li><i>Vedviruddh mat Khandan</i> OR <i>Vallabhacharya mat Khandan</i> (1875) which criticised <a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a> philosophy</li> <li><i>ShikshaPatri Dhwant Nivaran</i> OR <i>Swaminarayan mat Khandan</i> (1875) which criticised the <a href="/wiki/Shikshapatri" title="Shikshapatri">Shikshapatri</a></li> <li><i>Ved Bhashyam Namune ka PRATHAM Ank</i> (1875)</li> <li><i>Ved Bhashyam Namune ka DWITIYA Ank</i> (1876)</li> <li><i>Aryabhivinaya</i> (Incomplete) (1876)</li> <li><i>Sanskarvidhi</i> (1877 & 1884)</li> <li><i>Aaryoddeshya Ratna Maala</i> (1877)</li> <li><i>RigvedAadi Bhasya Bhumika</i> (1878) which is a foreword on his commentary on the Vedas</li> <li><i>Rigved Bhashyam</i> (7/61/1, 2 only) (Incomplete) (1877 to 1899) which is a commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> according to his interpretation</li> <li><i>Yajurved Bhashyam</i> (Complete) (1878 to 1889) which is a commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a> according to his interpretation</li> <li><i>Asthadhyayi Bhashya</i> (2 Parts) (Incomplete) (1878 to 1879) which is a commentary on <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Panini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Astadhyayi" class="mw-redirect" title="Astadhyayi">Astadhyayi</a> according to his interpretation</li></ol> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ol><li>Vedang Prakash (Set of 16 Books) <ol><li>Varnoccharan Shiksha (1879)</li> <li>Sanskrit Vakyaprabodhini (1879)</li> <li>VyavaharBhanu (1879)</li> <li>Sandhi Vishay</li> <li>Naamik</li> <li>Kaarak</li> <li>Saamaasik</li> <li>Taddhit</li> <li>Avyayaarth</li> <li>Aakhyatik</li> <li>Sauvar</li> <li>PaariBhaasik</li> <li>Dhatupath</li> <li>Ganpaath</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unadi-Sutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Unadi-Sutra">Unaadikosh</a></li> <li>Nighantu</li></ol></li></ol> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ol><li><i>Gautam Ahilya ki Katha</i> (Unavailable) (1879)</li> <li><i>Bhrantinivaran</i> (1880)</li> <li><i>Bhrmocchedan</i> (1880)</li> <li><i>AnuBhrmocchedan </i>(1880)</li> <li><i>Go Karuna Nidhi</i> (1880) which contains his views on <a href="/wiki/Cow_slaughter_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow slaughter in India">cow slaughter in India</a></li> <li><i>Chaturved Vishay Suchi</i> (1971)</li> <li><i>Gadarbh Taapni Upnishad</i> (As per Babu Devendranath Mukhopadhyay) (Unavailable)</li> <li><i>Hugli Shastrarth Tatha Pratima Pujan Vichar</i> (1873) which is a record of his arguments with orthodox <i>pundits</i> at <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> & his views regarding validity of <a href="/wiki/Idol_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Idol worship">idol worship</a> in Hinduism</li> <li><i>Jaalandhar Shastrarth</i> (1877) which is a record of his arguments with orthodox <i>pundits</i> at <a href="/wiki/Jalandhar" title="Jalandhar">Jalandhar</a></li> <li><i>Satyasatya Vivek (Bareily Shastrarth)</i> (1879) which is a record of his arguments with orthodox <i>pundits</i> at <a href="/wiki/Bareily" class="mw-redirect" title="Bareily">Bareily</a></li> <li><i>Satyadharm Vichar (Mela Chandapur)</i> (1880) which is a record of his arguments with Muslim & Christian theologians at an interfaith dialogue held in Chandapur of <a href="/wiki/Shahjahanpur_district" title="Shahjahanpur district">Shahjahanpur district</a></li> <li><i>Kashi Shastrarth</i> (1880) which is a record of his arguments with orthodox <i>pundits</i> at <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a></li></ol> <p>For other miscellaneous Shastrarth please read: <i>Dayanand Shastrarth Sangrah</i> published by Arsh Sahitya Prachar Trust, Delhi <i>Rishi Dayanand ke Shastrarth Evam Pravachan</i> published by Ramlal Kapoor Trust Sonipat (Haryana). <i>Arya Samaj ke Niyam aur Upniyam</i> (30 November 1874) which deals with code of conduct for the <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a> <i>Updesh Manjari (Puna Pravachan)</i> (4 July 1875) which is a record of his sermons delivered to his followers at <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a> <i>Swami Dayanand dwara swakathit Janm Charitra</i> (During Puna pravachan) (4 August 1875) which is a record of his early life spoken by himself to his followers at <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a> <i>Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati Jivan Charitra</i> Photo Gallery<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Swami Dayanand dwara swakathit Janm Charitra</i>, for the Theosophist Society's monthly Journal: Nov & 1 Dec <i>Rishi Dayanand ke Patra aur Vigyapan</i> which is a collection of the letters & pamphlets written by him.  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cow_protection_movement" title="Cow protection movement">Cow protection movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Swami Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhakar_Chaturvedi" title="Sudhakar Chaturvedi">Sudhakar Chaturvedi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPrem_Nath_Chopra" class="citation book cs1">Prem Nath Chopra. <i>Religions and Communities of India</i>. p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religions+and+Communities+of+India&rft.pages=27&rft.au=Prem+Nath+Chopra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Krant (2006) <i>Swadhinta Sangram Ke Krantikari Sahitya Ka Itihas</i>. Delhi: Pravina Prakasana. Vol. 2, p. 347. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7783-122-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-7783-122-4">81-7783-122-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aurobindo Ghosh, <i>Bankim Tilak Dayanand</i> (Calcutta 1947, p. 1) "Lokmanya Tilak also said that Swami Dayanand was the first who proclaimed Swaraj for Bharatpita i.e. India."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dayanand Saraswati <i>Commentary on Yajurved</i> (Lazarus Press Banaras 1876).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadhakrishnan2005" class="citation book cs1">Radhakrishnan, S. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8_DrAZbdlTAC&pg=PA34"><i>Living with a Purpose</i></a>. Orient Paperbacks. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-222-0031-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-222-0031-7"><bdi>978-81-222-0031-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+with+a+Purpose&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Orient+Paperbacks&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-222-0031-7&rft.aulast=Radhakrishnan&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8_DrAZbdlTAC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2003" class="citation book cs1">Kumar, Raj (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5L_2-w13fMMC&pg=PA62">"5. Swami Dayananda Saraswati: Life and Works"</a>. <i>Essays on Modern Indian Abuse</i>. 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Sundaram"</a>. <i>Boloji</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boloji.com/people/04018.htm">the original</a> on 13 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boloji&rft.atitle=Swami+Dayananda+Sarasvati+by+V.+Sundaram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boloji.com%2Fpeople%2F04018.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028134700/http://geocities.com/Athens/Ithaca/3440/books.html">"Light of Truth"</a>. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Light+of+Truth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeocities.com%2FAthens%2FIthaca%2F3440%2Fbooks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Panicker-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Panicker_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Panicker_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP._L._John_Panicker2006" class="citation book cs1">P. L. John Panicker (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4s2kBMLeXoEC"><i>Gandhi on Pluralism and Communalism</i></a>. ISPCK. pp. 30–40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7214-905-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7214-905-5"><bdi>978-81-7214-905-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gandhi+on+Pluralism+and+Communalism&rft.pages=30-40&rft.pub=ISPCK&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-7214-905-5&rft.au=P.+L.+John+Panicker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4s2kBMLeXoEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_World_p._123-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_World_p._123_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_World_p._123_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford_Sawhney2003" class="citation book cs1">Clifford Sawhney (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YUvLhVrizAoC"><i>The World's Greatest Seers and Philosophers</i></a>. Pustak Mahal. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-223-0824-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-223-0824-2"><bdi>978-81-223-0824-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Greatest+Seers+and+Philosophers&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Pustak+Mahal&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-223-0824-2&rft.au=Clifford+Sawhney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYUvLhVrizAoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sinhal">Sinhal</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaharshi_Dayanand_Saraswati1875" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati (1875). <i>Satyarth Prakash</i> (in Hindi). Delhi, India: Arsha Sahitya Prachara Trust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Satyarth+Prakash&rft.place=Delhi%2C+India&rft.pub=Arsha+Sahitya+Prachara+Trust&rft.date=1875&rft.au=Maharshi+Dayanand+Saraswati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B-QqeB6P9jsHVFhYMjlwVGF5aGs/edit?resourcekey=0-_-VWT7jCgYWn3TYK_HABsw&usp=embed_facebook">"Light_Of_Truth (Satyarth-Prakash) - English.pdf"</a>. <i>Google Docs</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Docs&rft.atitle=Light_Of_Truth+%28Satyarth-Prakash%29+-+English.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0B-QqeB6P9jsHVFhYMjlwVGF5aGs%2Fedit%3Fresourcekey%3D0-_-VWT7jCgYWn3TYK_HABsw%26usp%3Dembed_facebook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Rationalization of the Life-World". <i>Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research</i>. <b>1</b> (1). ICPR: 73. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Indian+Council+of+Philosophical+Research&rft.atitle=Rationalization+of+the+Life-World&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=73&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaraswati1875" class="citation book cs1">Saraswati, Dayanand (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aryasamajjamnagar.org/chapterfourteen.htm">"An Examination of the Doctrine of Islam"</a>. <i>Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Truth)</i>. Varanasi, India: Star Press. pp. 672–683<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oxford University Press. p. 267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195609950" title="Special:BookSources/9780195609950"><bdi>9780195609950</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Day%C4%81nanda+Sarasvat%C4%AB%2C+His+Life+and+Ideas&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780195609950&rft.au=J.+T.+F.+Jordens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ysKAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2009" class="citation book cs1">Kumar, Ram Narayan (2009). "Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab". <a href="/wiki/Reduced_to_Ashes_(book)" title="Reduced to Ashes (book)"><i>Reduced to Ashes</i></a>. Vol. 1. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9788132108412.n19">10.4135/9788132108412.n19</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99933-53-57-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-99933-53-57-7"><bdi>978-99933-53-57-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reduced+to+Ashes%3A+The+Insurgency+and+Human+Rights+in+Punjab&rft.btitle=Reduced+to+Ashes&rft.pages=15&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9788132108412.n19&rft.isbn=978-99933-53-57-7&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Ram+Narayan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFV._S._Godbole1987" class="citation book cs1">V. 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Rawat Publications. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170339953" title="Special:BookSources/9788170339953"><bdi>9788170339953</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Nationalists+of+Modern+India%3A+A+Critical+Study+of+the+Intellectual+Genealogy+of+Hindutva&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Rawat+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9788170339953&rft.au=Jose+Kuruvachira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO2XXAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DHindu%2BNationalists%2Bof%2BModern%2BIndia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhavana_Nair1989" class="citation book cs1">Bhavana Nair (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b2uBqRoRyqQC"><i>Our Leaders</i></a>. Vol. 4. Children's Book Trust. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7011-678-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7011-678-3"><bdi>978-81-7011-678-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Leaders&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Children%27s+Book+Trust&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-81-7011-678-3&rft.au=Bhavana+Nair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db2uBqRoRyqQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vandematharam Veerabhadra Rao (1987) <i>Life Sketch of Swami Dayananda</i>, Delhi. p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rg-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rg_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rg_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rg_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Garg">Garg</a>, pp. 96–98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vidhia.com/Historical%2C%20Political%2C%20Philosophical%20and%20Informational/SINGH_SABHA_AND_OTHER_SOCIO-RELIGIOUS_MOVEMENTS.pdf">"Punjab Past and Present"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Punjab+Past+and+Present&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vidhia.com%2FHistorical%252C%2520Political%252C%2520Philosophical%2520and%2520Informational%2FSINGH_SABHA_AND_OTHER_SOCIO-RELIGIOUS_MOVEMENTS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hin1-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hin1_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/arya-samaj-swami-dayanand-saraswati-modern-india-1378699-2018-10-30">"Arya Samaj founder Swami Dayanand Saraswati's idea of a modern India"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. 30 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Prabasi Press Private, Limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modern+Review&rft.pub=Prabasi+Press+Private%2C+Limited&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Ramananda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1wsFAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DBhinai%2BKothi%2Bswami%2Bdayanand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-swa2-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swa2_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-swa2_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patrika.com/jaipur-news/rishi-dayanand-mela-start-in-ajmer-arya-scholors-in-ajmer-1447262/">Rishi Dayanand mela start in Ajmer Arya scholors in Ajmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Patrika" title="Rajasthan Patrika">Rajasthan Patrika</a>, 20 November 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/first_india/docs/first_india_gujarat_for_gujarat_samachar_epaper_22">Rishi Ustsav celebrated in presence of CM</a>, First Paper.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Udaipur-Garden-Palace-now-a-shrine-to-Arya-Samaj-founder/articleshow/55282697.cms">"Udaipur Garden Palace now a shrine to Arya Samaj founder"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. 7 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Udaipur+Garden+Palace+now+a+shrine+to+Arya+Samaj+founder&rft.date=2016-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fjaipur%2FUdaipur-Garden-Palace-now-a-shrine-to-Arya-Samaj-founder%2Farticleshow%2F55282697.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhanpati_Pandey1985" class="citation book cs1">Dhanpati Pandey (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X9xKAAAAMAAJ"><i>Swami Dayanand Saraswati</i></a>. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swami+Dayanand+Saraswati&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Publications+Division%2C+Ministry+of+Information+and+Broadcasting%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=1985&rft.au=Dhanpati+Pandey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX9xKAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._S._Bharathi1998" class="citation book cs1">K. S. Bharathi (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=enmjrZiAe9EC"><i>Encyclopaedia of Eminent Thinkers</i></a>. Vol. 7. Concept Publishing Company. p. 188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7022-684-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7022-684-0"><bdi>978-81-7022-684-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Eminent+Thinkers&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-7022-684-0&rft.au=K.+S.+Bharathi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DenmjrZiAe9EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">World Perspectives on Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Ganga Ram Garg, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Siv6V1VDX-AC&pg=PA198">198</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollomanS._A._Aruti︠u︡nov1978" class="citation book cs1">Holloman, Regina E.; S. A. Aruti︠u︡nov (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zL40AAAAIAAJ"><i>Perspectives on Ethnicity</i></a>. Mouton. pp. 344–345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-279-7690-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-279-7690-1"><bdi>978-90-279-7690-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+Ethnicity&rft.pages=344-345&rft.pub=Mouton&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-90-279-7690-1&rft.aulast=Holloman&rft.aufirst=Regina+E.&rft.au=S.+A.+Aruti%EF%B8%A0u%EF%B8%A1nov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzL40AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasant_Kumar_Lal1978" class="citation book cs1">Basant Kumar Lal (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WGxYTLq6XzUC"><i>Contemporary Indian Philosophy</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0261-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0261-2"><bdi>978-81-208-0261-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Indian+Philosophy&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0261-2&rft.au=Basant+Kumar+Lal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWGxYTLq6XzUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Isherwood1980" class="citation book cs1">Christopher Isherwood (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ramakrishnahisdi0000ishe/page/159"><i>Ramakrishna and His Disciples</i></a>. Vedanta Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ramakrishnahisdi0000ishe/page/159">159</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87481-037-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87481-037-0"><bdi>978-0-87481-037-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ramakrishna+and+His+Disciples&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Vedanta+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-87481-037-0&rft.au=Christopher+Isherwood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Framakrishnahisdi0000ishe%2Fpage%2F159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarendra_Nath_Bhattacharyya1996" class="citation book cs1">Narendra Nath Bhattacharyya (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZqTXAAAAMAAJ"><i>Indian Religious Historiography</i></a>. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-215-0637-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-215-0637-3"><bdi>978-81-215-0637-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Religious+Historiography&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Munshiram+Manoharlal+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-81-215-0637-3&rft.au=Narendra+Nath+Bhattacharyya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZqTXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krishan Singh Arya, P. D. Shastri (1987) <i>Swami Dayananda Sarasvati: A Study of His Life and Work</i>. Manohar. p. 327. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8185054223" title="Special:BookSources/8185054223">8185054223</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSisirkumar_MitraAurobindo_Ghose1963" class="citation book cs1">Sisirkumar Mitra; Aurobindo Ghose (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7qHRAAAAMAAJ"><i>Resurgent India</i></a>. Allied Publishers. p. 166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resurgent+India&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.date=1963&rft.au=Sisirkumar+Mitra&rft.au=Aurobindo+Ghose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7qHRAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Jackson_Davis1885" class="citation book cs1">Andrew Jackson Davis (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000476737"><i>Beyond the Valley: A Sequel to "The Magic Staff": an Autobiography of Andrew Jackson Davis ...</i></a> Colby & Rich. p. 383.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Valley%3A+A+Sequel+to+%22The+Magic+Staff%22%3A+an+Autobiography+of+Andrew+Jackson+Davis+...&rft.pages=383&rft.pub=Colby+%26+Rich&rft.date=1885&rft.au=Andrew+Jackson+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F000476737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHar_Bilas_Sarda_(Diwan_Bahadur)1933" class="citation book cs1">Har Bilas Sarda (Diwan Bahadur) (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.237056"><i>Dayanand Commemoration Volume: A Homage to Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati, from India and the World, in Celebration of the Dayanand Nirvana Ardha Shatabdi</i></a>. Vedic Yantralaya. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.237056/page/n230">164</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dayanand+Commemoration+Volume%3A+A+Homage+to+Maharshi+Dayanand+Saraswati%2C+from+India+and+the+World%2C+in+Celebration+of+the+Dayanand+Nirvana+Ardha+Shatabdi&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Vedic+Yantralaya&rft.date=1933&rft.au=Har+Bilas+Sarda+%28Diwan+Bahadur%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.237056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418231958/https://truthabouthinduism.wordpress.com/2014/05/12/swami-dayananda-saraswati-as-a-hindu-fundamentalist-and-nationalist/">"Ninian Smart & Benjamin Walker were influenced by Dayananda Saraswati"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://truthabouthinduism.wordpress.com/2014/05/12/swami-dayananda-saraswati-as-a-hindu-fundamentalist-and-nationalist/">the original</a> on 18 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ninian+Smart+%26+Benjamin+Walker+were+influenced+by+Dayananda+Saraswati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftruthabouthinduism.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F05%2F12%2Fswami-dayananda-saraswati-as-a-hindu-fundamentalist-and-nationalist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/BhagwatKhandan-SwamiDayanandSaraswati"><i>Bhagwat Khandan – Swami Dayanand Saraswati</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2016</span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bhagwat+Khandan+%E2%80%93+Swami+Dayanand+Saraswati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBhagwatKhandan-SwamiDayanandSaraswati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aryasamajjamnagar.org/photogallary/photogallary.htm"><i>Maharshi Dayanand Jivan Charitra</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maharshi+Dayanand+Jivan+Charitra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aryasamajjamnagar.org%2Fphotogallary%2Fphotogallary.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Garg" class="citation book cs1">Garg, Gaṅgā Rām (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Siv6V1VDX-AC&pg=PR44"><i>World Perspectives on Swami Dayananda Saraswati</i></a>. Concept Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Perspectives+on+Swami+Dayananda+Saraswati&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1984&rft.au=Garg%2C+Ga%E1%B9%85g%C4%81+R%C4%81m&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSiv6V1VDX-AC%26pg%3DPR44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Sinhal" class="citation book cs1">Sinhal, Meenu (2009). <i>Swami Dayanand Saraswati</i>. Prabhat Prakashan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8430-017-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8430-017-8"><bdi>978-81-8430-017-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swami+Dayanand+Saraswati&rft.pub=Prabhat+Prakashan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-8430-017-8&rft.aulast=Sinhal&rft.aufirst=Meenu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADayananda+Saraswati" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyarth_Prakash" title="Satyarth Prakash">Satyarth Prakash</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><i>Dayananda Saraswati, Founder of Arya Samaj</i>, by Arjan Singh Bawa. Published by Ess Ess Publications, 1979 (1st edition:1901).</li> <li><i>Indian Political Tradition</i>, by D.K Mohanty. Published by Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-261-2033-9" title="Special:BookSources/81-261-2033-9">81-261-2033-9</a>. Chapter 4: Dayananda Saraswati <i>Page 92</i>.</li> <li><i>Rashtra Pitamah Swami Dayanand Saraswati</i> by Rajender Sethi (M R Sethi Educational Trust Chandigarh 2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurobindo_Ghosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurobindo Ghosh">Aurobindo Ghosh</a>, in <i>Bankim Tilak Dayanand</i> (Calcutta 1947 p 1, 39)</li> <li><i>Arya Samaj And The Freedom Movement</i> by K C Yadav & K S Arya -Manohar Publications Delhi 1988</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517123343/http://www.vivekananda.net/PDFBooks/TXTVersion/ProphetsofNewIndia.html"><i>The Prophets of the New India</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a> p. 97 (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satyarth_Prakash" title="Satyarth Prakash">Satyarth Prakash</a></i> (1875) Light of Truth – first English translation 1908 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0vwYAAAAMAAJ&q=Dayananda+Sarasvati">The Light of Truth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=920AAAAAMAAJ&q=Dayananda+Sarasvati">Light of Truht [i.e. Truth]: Or, An English Translation of the Satyarth Prakash, the Well-known Work of Swami Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li>R̥gvedādi-bhāṣya-bhūmikā / An Introduction to the Commentary on the Vedas. ed. B. Ghasi Ram, Meerut (1925). reprints 1981, 1984 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7SggAAAAMAAJ&q=Dayananda+Sarasvati">Glorious Thoughts of Swami Dayananda: Being a Treasury of Several Thousand Inspiring and Valuable Thoughts of the Great Social Reformer Classified Under Several Hundered [sic] Subjects</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028143808/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Ithaca/3440/int1.html">Archived</a> 28 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><i>Glorious Thoughts of Swami Dayananda</i>. ed. New Book Society of India, 1966 <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7SggAAAAMAAJ">Dayananda Saraswati</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li><i>An introduction to the commentary on the Vedas</i>. Jan Gyan-Prakashan, 1973. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130123135533/http://www.flipkart.com/introduction-commentary-vedas-dayananda-rigvedadi-book-8170771293">An Introduction To The Commentary On The VEDAS: Dayananda</a> Flipkart.com review</li> <li><i>Autobiography</i>, ed. Kripal Chandra Yadav, New Delhi : Manohar, 1978. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E1UlOgAACAAJ&q=autobiography+Kripal+Chandra+Yadav">Autobiography of dayanand saraswati</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0685196682" title="Special:BookSources/0685196682">0685196682</a></li> <li>Yajurvēda bhāṣyam : Samskr̥tabhāṣyaṃ, Āndhraṭīkātātparyaṃ, Āṅglabhāvārthasahitaṅgā, ed. Mar̲r̲i Kr̥ṣṇāreḍḍi, Haidarābād : Vaidika Sāhitya Pracāra Samiti, 2005.</li> <li><i>The philosophy of religion in India</i>, Delhi : Bharatiya Kala Prakashan, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-8090-079-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-8090-079-7">81-8090-079-7</a></li> <li>Prem Lata, Swami Dayananda Sarasvati (1990) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m0YdAAAAMAAJ&q=Dayananda">Swami Dayānanda Sarasvatī</a></li> <li>Autobiography of Swami Dayanand Saraswati (1976) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NR7tCyHEw6EC&q=Dayananda">Autobiography of Swami Dayanand Saraswati</a></li> <li>M. Ruthven, <i>Fundamentalism: A Very Short Introduction</i>, Oxford University Press, USA (2007), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921270-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921270-5">978-0-19-921270-5</a>.</li> <li>N. A. Salmond, Hindu Iconoclasts: Rammohun Roy, Dayananda Sarasvati and nineteenth-century polemics against Idolatry (2004) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wxjArixq5hcC&dq=Dayananda&pg=PP1">Hindu Iconoclasts: Rammohun Roy, Dayananda Sarasvati, and Nineteenth-Century Polemics Against Idolatry</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>'THE RENAISSANCE RISHI' By Brigadier Chitranjan Sawant,VSM <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aryasamajjamnagar.org/the_renaissance_rishi_ar1.htm">THE RENAISSANCE RISHI by brigadier chitranjan swant,VSM : www.Aryasamajjamnagar.org</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayananda_Saraswati&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maharshidayanand.com">Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Saraswati%2C%20Dayananda%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Dayananda%20Saraswati%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Saraswati%2C%20Dayananda%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Dayananda%20Saraswati%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Saraswati%2C%20D%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Dayananda%20Saraswati%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Saraswati%2C%20Dayananda%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Dayananda%20Saraswati%22%29%20OR%20%28%221824-1883%22%20AND%20Saraswati%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Dayananda Saraswati</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arya_Samaj" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arya_Samaj_by_country" title="Template:Arya Samaj by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arya_Samaj_by_country" title="Template talk:Arya Samaj by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arya_Samaj_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arya Samaj by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arya_Samaj" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Ghana" title="Arya Samaj in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Kenya" title="Arya Samaj in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Mauritius" title="Arya Samaj in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Mozambique" title="Arya Samaj in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_South_Africa" title="Arya Samaj in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Tanzania" title="Arya Samaj in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Uganda" title="Arya Samaj in Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aum_red.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Aum_red.svg/50px-Aum_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Aum_red.svg/75px-Aum_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Aum_red.svg/100px-Aum_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="201" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in India (page does not exist)">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Burma" title="Arya Samaj in Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in Pakistan (page does not exist)">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Singapore" title="Arya Samaj in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Thailand" title="Arya Samaj in Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Arya Samaj in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Guyana" title="Arya Samaj in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Suriname" title="Arya Samaj in Suriname">Suriname</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_England&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in England (page does not exist)">England</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in Canada (page does not exist)">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in United States (page does not exist)">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in Australia (page does not exist)">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Fiji" title="Arya Samaj in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in New Zealand (page does not exist)">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Core topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.A.V._College_Managing_Committee" title="D.A.V. College Managing Committee">D.A.V. College Managing Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghar_Wapsi" title="Ghar Wapsi">Ghar Wapsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurukula" title="Gurukula">Gurukula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyarth_Prakash" title="Satyarth Prakash">Satyarth Prakash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arya_Marriage_Validation_Act,_1937" title="The Arya Marriage Validation Act, 1937">The Arya Marriage Validation Act, 1937</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Prominent Arya Samajists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandit_Lekh_Ram" title="Pandit Lekh Ram">Pandit Lekh Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Swami Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Phool_Singh_Mahila_Vishwavidyalaya#History" title="Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila Vishwavidyalaya">Bhagat Phool Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Rao_Pawar" title="Narayan Rao Pawar">Narayan Rao Pawar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Arya heroes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_Prasad_Upadhyaya" title="Ganga Prasad Upadhyaya">Ganga Prasad Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahu_of_Kolhapur" title="Shahu of Kolhapur">Shahu of Kolhapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Hansraj" title="Mahatma Hansraj">Mahatma Hansraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Omanand_Saraswati" title="Swami Omanand Saraswati">Swami Omanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarla_Bedi" title="Sarla Bedi">Sarla Bedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarla_Thukral" title="Sarla Thukral">Sarla Thukral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arya_Samajis" title="Category:Arya Samajis">List of Arya Samajis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Context</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Hindu reform movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianisation" title="Indianisation">Indianisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_influence_on_Southeast_Asia" title="History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia">Influence of Indian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_reform_movements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_reform_movements" title="Template:Hindu reform movements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_reform_movements" title="Template talk:Hindu reform movements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_reform_movements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu reform movements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_reform_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Hindu reform movements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">Reform movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Dharm" title="Adi Dharm">Adi Dharm</a>/<a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmo_Samaj" title="Brahmo Samaj">Brahmo Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadharan_Brahmo_Samaj" title="Sadharan Brahmo Samaj">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advait_Mat" title="Advait Mat">Advait Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Light_Mission" title="Divine Light Mission">Divine Light Mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Meditation_Institute" title="American Meditation Institute">American Meditation Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ananda movement">Ananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Paramananda#In_the_West._Ananda_Ashrama" title="Swami Paramananda">Ananda Ashrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Marga" title="Ananda Marga">Ananda Marga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shree_Shree_Anandamayee_Sangha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha">Anandamayee Sangha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Living_Foundation" title="Art of Living Foundation">Art of Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Kumaris" title="Brahma Kumaris">Brahma Kumaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmaya_Mission" title="Chinmaya Mission">Chinmaya Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapathi_Sachchidananda#Organizations_founded" title="Ganapathi Sachchidananda">Datta Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Life_Society" title="Divine Life Society">Divine Life Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanuman Foundation">Hanuman Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Institute_of_Yoga_Science_and_Philosophy" title="Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy">Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Janajagruti_Samiti" title="Hindu Janajagruti Samiti">Hindu Janajagruti Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Munnani" title="Hindu Munnani">Hindu Munnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Sena" title="Hindu Sena">Hindu Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Yuva_Vahini" title="Hindu Yuva Vahini">Hindu Yuva Vahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanatan_Sanstha" title="Sanatan Sanstha">Sanatan Sanstha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Vedanta_Society" title="International Vedanta Society">International Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISKCON_Revival_Movement" title="ISKCON Revival Movement">ISKCON Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isha_Foundation" title="Isha Foundation">Isha Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariharananda_Giri" title="Hariharananda Giri">Kriya Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahima_Dharma" title="Mahima Dharma">Mahima Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_Amritanandamayi_Math" title="Mata Amritanandamayi Math">Mata Amritanandamayi Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matua_Mahasangha" title="Matua Mahasangha">Matua Mahasangha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Narayana_Dharma_Paripalana_Yogam_(SNDP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP)">Narayana Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prarthana_Samaj" title="Prarthana Samaj">Prarthana Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society" title="Vedanta Society">Vedanta Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahaja_Yoga" title="Sahaja Yoga">Sahaja Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba_movement" title="Sathya Sai Baba movement">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsang_(Deoghar)" title="Satsang (Deoghar)">Satsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Dharma" title="Satya Dharma">Satya Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyashodhak_Samaj" title="Satyashodhak Samaj">Satyashodhak Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_Identity_Foundation" title="Science of Identity Foundation">Science of Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Realization_Fellowship" title="Self-Realization Fellowship">Self-Realization Fellowship</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yogoda_Satsanga_Society_of_India" title="Yogoda Satsanga Society of India">Yogoda Satsanga</a></li> <li>Shirdi Sai Baba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo_Ashram" title="Sri Aurobindo Ashram">Sri Aurobindo Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramana_Ashram" title="Sri Ramana Ashram">Sri Ramana Ashram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Abidance_in_Truth" title="Society of Abidance in Truth">Abidance in Truth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadhyaya_Movement" title="Swadhyaya Movement">Swadhyay Parivar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narnarayan_Dev_Yuvak_Mandal" title="Narnarayan Dev Yuvak Mandal">NNDYM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation_movement" title="Transcendental Meditation movement">Transcendental Meditation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghar_Wapsi" title="Ghar Wapsi">Ghar Wapsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuddhi_(Hinduism)" title="Shuddhi (Hinduism)">Shuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hinduism" title="Women in Hinduism">Women in Hinduism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Gurus</a> and <br /> revivalist writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Baba" title="Meher Baba">Meher Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_Amritanandamayi" title="Mata Amritanandamayi">Amritanandamayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gururaj_Ananda_Yogi" title="Gururaj Ananda Yogi">Ananda Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamayi_Ma" title="Anandamayi Ma">Anandamayi Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anukulchandra_Chakravarty" title="Anukulchandra Chakravarty">Anukulchandra Chakravarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arumuka_Navalar" title="Arumuka Navalar">Arumuka Navalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Shastri_Athavale" title="Pandurang Shastri Athavale">Athavale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_Maa" title="Boro Maa">Boro Maa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Bankim Chandra Chatterjee">Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda_Saraswati" title="Chinmayananda Saraswati">Chinmayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Chinmoy" title="Sri Chinmoy">Chinmoy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daya_Mata" title="Daya Mata">Daya Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapathi_Sachchidananda" title="Ganapathi Sachchidananda">Ganapathi Sachchidananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidakhan_Babaji" title="Haidakhan Babaji">Haidakhan Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariharananda_Giri" title="Hariharananda Giri">Hariharananda Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhguru" title="Sadhguru">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki_Bhagawan" title="Kalki Bhagawan">Kalki Bhagawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Chintaman_Kelkar" title="Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar">Kelkar, N. C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada_Lekhraj" title="Dada Lekhraj">Lekhraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Maharishi Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirra_Alfassa" title="Mirra Alfassa">Mirra Alfassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neem_Karoli_Baba" title="Neem Karoli Baba">Neem Karoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Srivastava" title="Nirmala Srivastava">Nirmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Paramananda" title="Swami Paramananda">Paramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Rawat" title="Prem Rawat">Prem Rawat</a></li> <li>Ram Chandra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Dass" title="Ram Dass">Ram Dass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Ranjan_Sarkar" title="Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar">Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshub_Chandra_Sen" title="Keshub Chandra Sen">Sen, K. C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debendranath_Tagore" title="Debendranath Tagore">Tagore, D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu_Vaswani" title="Sadhu Vaswani">Vaswani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vipulananda" title="Swami Vipulananda">Vipulananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_revivalists" title="Category:Hindu revivalists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianisation" title="Indianisation">Indianisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_influence_on_Southeast_Asia" title="History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia">Influence of Indian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_independence_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template talk:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_independence_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India#Indian_independence_movement_(1885–1947)" title="History of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Porto Grande de Bengala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Dutch Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Battle of Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="First Anglo-Mysore War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anglo-Maratha Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_campaign" title="Gwalior campaign">Gwalior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygar_Wars" title="Polygar Wars">Polygar Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellore_Mutiny" title="Vellore Mutiny">Vellore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasi_rebellion" title="Sannyasi rebellion">Sannyasi rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Line" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:British_India" title="Category:British India">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophies<br />and ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">Muslim nationalism in South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_India" title="Socialism in India">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">Swaraj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and<br /> movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_conspiracy_case" title="Delhi conspiracy case">Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Sociologist" title="The Indian Sociologist">The Indian Sociologist</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">Singapore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy">Hindu–German Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_Satyagraha" title="Champaran Satyagraha">Champaran Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_Satyagraha_of_1918" title="Kheda Satyagraha of 1918">Kheda Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Committee" title="Rowlatt Committee">Rowlatt Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Act" title="Rowlatt Act">Rowlatt Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_Plot" title="Christmas Day Plot">Christmas Day Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie-Begar_movement" title="Coolie-Begar movement">Coolie-Begar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauri_Chaura_incident" title="Chauri Chaura incident">Chauri Chaura incident, 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakori_conspiracy" title="Kakori conspiracy">Kakori conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qissa_Khwani_massacre" title="Qissa Khwani massacre">Qissa Khwani massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Satyagraha" title="Flag Satyagraha">Flag Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardoli_Satyagraha" title="Bardoli Satyagraha">Bardoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Commission" title="Simon Commission">1928 Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Report" title="Nehru Report">Nehru Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Fourteen Points of Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_Swaraj" title="Purna Swaraj">Purna Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasana_Satyagraha" title="Dharasana Satyagraha">Dharasana Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaranyam_March" title="Vedaranyam March">Vedaranyam March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_armoury_raid" title="Chittagong armoury raid">Chittagong armoury raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round table conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Act of 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundh_Experiment" title="Aundh Experiment">Aundh Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Legion" title="Indian Legion">Indian Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripps_Mission" title="Cripps Mission">Cripps Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy_mutiny" title="Royal Indian Navy mutiny">Bombay Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_strikes_of_1946" title="Royal Air Force strikes of 1946">Royal Air Force strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_Yanaon" title="Coup d'état of Yanaon">Coup d'état of Yanaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_India" title="Provisional Government of India">Provisional Government of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_States_Peoples%27_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="All India States Peoples' Conference">Praja Mandala movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Pact" title="Lucknow Pact">Lucknow Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Kisan_Sabha" title="All India Kisan Sabha">All India Kisan Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Committee" title="Berlin Committee">Berlin Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Movement" title="Ghadar Movement">Ghadar Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association" title="Hindustan Socialist Republican Association">Hindustan Socialist Republican Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="History of the Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_House" title="India House">India House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Home_Rule_movement" title="Indian Home Rule movement">Indian Home Rule movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_League" title="Indian Independence League">Indian Independence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaksar_movement" title="Khaksar movement">Khaksar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudai_Khidmatgar" title="Khudai Khidmatgar">Khudai Khidmatgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Party" title="Swaraj Party">Swaraj Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_movement" title="Category:Indian independence movement">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social<br />reformers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Vaidyanatha_Iyer" title="A. Vaidyanatha Iyer">A. Vaidyanatha Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayya_Vaikundar" title="Ayya Vaikundar">Ayya Vaikundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyankali" title="Ayyankali">Ayyankali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Subramania_Iyer" title="G. Subramania Iyer">G. Subramania Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazulu_Lakshminarasu_Chetty" title="Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty">Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Ganesh_Agarkar" title="Gopal Ganesh Agarkar">Gopal Ganesh Agarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Hari_Deshmukh" title="Gopal Hari Deshmukh">Gopal Hari Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaldas_Ambaidas_Desai" title="Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai">Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">J. B. Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandukuri_Veeresalingam" title="Kandukuri Veeresalingam">Kandukuri Veeresalingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muthulakshmi_Reddy" title="Muthulakshmi Reddy">Muthulakshmi Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niralamba_Swami" title="Niralamba Swami">Niralamba Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandita_Ramabai" title="Pandita Ramabai">Pandita Ramabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyar" title="Periyar">Periyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettamalai_Srinivasan" title="Rettamalai Srinivasan">Rettamalai Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitribai_Phule" title="Savitribai Phule">Savitribai Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahu_of_Kolhapur" title="Shahu of Kolhapur">Shahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakkom_Moulavi" title="Vakkom Moulavi">Vakkom Moulavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthal_Ramji_Shinde" title="Vitthal Ramji Shinde">Vitthal Ramji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence<br /> activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accamma_Cherian" title="Accamma Cherian">Accamma Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyut_Patwardhan" title="Achyut Patwardhan">Achyut Patwardhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluri_Sitarama_Raju" title="Alluri Sitarama Raju">Alluri Sitarama Raju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Maharana" title="Annapurna Maharana">Annapurna Maharana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Singh" title="Kunwar Singh">Babu Kunwar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Jatin" title="Bagha Jatin">Bagha Jatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakht_Khan" title="Bakht Khan">Bakht Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basawon_Singh" title="Basawon Singh">Basawon Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal">Begum Hazrat Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan" title="Bharathidasan">Bharathidasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavabhushan_Mitra" title="Bhavabhushan Mitra">Bhavabhushan Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Bhikaiji Cama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Kumar_Datta" title="Bhupendra Kumar Datta">Bhupendra Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Chandra_Pal" title="Bipin Chandra Pal">Bipin Chandra Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar_Azad" title="Chandra Shekhar Azad">Chandra Shekhar Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetram_Jatav" title="Chetram Jatav">Chetram Jatav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhan_Singh" title="Dhan Singh">Dhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukkipati_Nageswara_Rao" title="Dukkipati Nageswara Rao">Dukkipati Nageswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Har Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu_Kalani" title="Hemu Kalani">Hemu Kalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Mohan_Sengupta" title="Jatindra Mohan Sengupta">Jatindra Mohan Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Nath_Das" title="Jatindra Nath Das">Jatindra Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaiyalal_Maneklal_Munshi" title="Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi">Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudiram_Bose" title="Khudiram Bose">Khudiram Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Krishna_Sinha" title="Shri Krishna Sinha">Shri Krishna Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Bhaktavatsalam" title="M. Bhaktavatsalam">M. Bhaktavatsalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghfoor_Ahmad_Ajazi" title="Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi">Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadaji_Shinde" title="Mahadaji Shinde">Mahadaji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Pandey" title="Mangal Pandey">Mangal Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Qasim" title="Mir Qasim">Mir Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithuben_Petit" title="Mithuben Petit">Mithuben Petit‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagnath_Naikwadi" title="Nagnath Naikwadi">Nagnath Naikwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Fadnavis" title="Nana Fadnavis">Nana Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Saheb_Peshwa_II" title="Nana Saheb Peshwa II">Nana Saheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Kakkan" title="P. Kakkan">P. Kakkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Chaki" title="Prafulla Chaki">Prafulla Chaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritilata_Waddedar" title="Pritilata Waddedar">Pritilata Waddedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Ahmed_Kidwai" title="Rafi Ahmed Kidwai">Rafi Ahmed Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Venkataraman" title="Ramaswamy Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Sankrityayan" title="Rahul Sankrityayan">Rahul Sankrityayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_of_Jhansi" title="Rani of Jhansi">Rani Lakshmibai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose" title="Rash Behari Bose">Rash Behari Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangolli_Rayanna" title="Sangolli Rayanna">Sangolli Rayanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu">Sarojini Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyapal_Dang" title="Satyapal Dang">Satyapal Dang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuja-ud-Daula" title="Shuja-ud-Daula">Shuja-ud-Daula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_Pagaro_VI" title="Pir of Pagaro VI">Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraj ud-Daulah">Siraj ud-Daulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramania_Bharati" title="Subramania Bharati">Subramania Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramaniya_Siva" title="Subramaniya Siva">Subramaniya Siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Sen" title="Surya Sen">Surya Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Rani_Srivastava" title="Tara Rani Srivastava">Tara Rani Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarak_Nath_Das" title="Tarak Nath Das">Tarak Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatya_Tope" title="Tatya Tope">Tatya Tope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruppur_Kumaran" title="Tiruppur Kumaran">Tiruppur Kumaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._O._Chidambaram_Pillai" title="V. O. Chidambaram Pillai">V. O. Chidamabaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanchinathan" title="Vanchinathan">Vanchinathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeran_Sundaralingam" title="Veeran Sundaralingam">Veeran Sundaralingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyaya" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyaya">Virendranath Chattopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Holkar" title="Yashwantrao Holkar">Yashwantrao Holkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogendra_Shukla" title="Yogendra Shukla">Yogendra Shukla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_activists" title="Category:Indian independence activists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">Wavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Thesiger,_1st_Viscount_Chelmsford" title="Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_1st_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto">Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">Dalhousie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">Lytton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Clive" title="Robert Clive">Clive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Outram,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet">Outram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" title="Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Hastings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India" title="1946 Cabinet Mission to India">Cabinet Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">Republic of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Indian annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Political integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Conference" title="Simla Conference">Simla Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modern_Hindu_writers_(1848_to_date)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Hindu_writers" title="Template:Modern Hindu writers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_Hindu_writers" title="Template talk:Modern Hindu writers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_Hindu_writers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern Hindu writers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_Hindu_writers_(1848_to_date)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Modern <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> writers <small><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/India#Modern_India" title="India">1848</a> to date)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_West" title="Hinduism in the West">Hinduism in the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Indian philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian religions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Religious writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirra_Alfassa" title="Mirra Alfassa">Mirra Alfassa (The Mother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Anirvan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Anirvan">Sri Anirvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Coomaraswamy" title="Ananda Coomaraswamy">Ananda Coomaraswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati_(Arsha_Vidya)" title="Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)">Dayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Easwaran" title="Eknath Easwaran">Eknath Easwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsvarupa_dasa_Goswami" title="Satsvarupa dasa Goswami">Satsvarupa dasa Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendranath_Gupta" title="Mahendranath Gupta">Mahendranath Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiddu_Krishnamurti" title="Jiddu Krishnamurti">Jiddu Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Mohan" title="A. G. Mohan">A. G. Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Prabhavananda" title="Swami Prabhavananda">Swami Prabhavananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Prem" title="Krishna Prem">Krishna Prem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivatsa_Ramaswami" title="Srivatsa Ramaswami">Srivatsa Ramaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramdas" title="Swami Ramdas">Swami Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda_Saraswati" title="Chinmayananda Saraswati">Chinmayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dayananda Saraswati (Arya Samaj)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnananda_Saraswati" title="Krishnananda Saraswati">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Satprakashananda" title="Swami Satprakashananda">Swami Satprakashananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Swami Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Swarup" title="Ram Swarup">Ram Swarup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Swami Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu politics">Political writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Gautier" title="François Gautier">François Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Ram_Goel" title="Sita Ram Goel">Sita Ram Goel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Gopal_(author)" title="Ram Gopal (author)">Ram Gopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Shourie" title="Arun Shourie">Arun Shourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartik_Oraon" title="Kartik Oraon">Kartik Oraon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Literary writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay">Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdhari_Singh_Dinkar" title="Ramdhari Singh Dinkar">Ramdhari Singh Dinkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._D._Sethna" title="K. D. Sethna">K. D. Sethna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amish_Tripathi" title="Amish Tripathi">Amish Tripathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Westerners influenced<br /> by Hinduism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky">Helena Blavatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Chopra" title="Deepak Chopra">Deepak Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Dass" title="Ram Dass">Ram Dass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Dyer" title="Wayne Dyer">Wayne Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">R.W. Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">René Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Isherwood" title="Christopher Isherwood">Christopher Isherwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">André Malraux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Miller" title="Henry Miller">Henry Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Montessori" title="Maria Montessori">Maria Montessori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Steel_Olcott" title="Henry Steel Olcott">H.S. Olcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Roerich" title="Helena Roerich">Helena Roerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Watts" title="Alan Watts">Alan Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Wilber" title="Ken Wilber">Ken Wilber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indology" title="Indology">Scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Dani%C3%A9lou" title="Alain Daniélou">Alain Daniélou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._N._Balagangadhara" title="S. N. Balagangadhara">S. N. Balagangadhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Danino" title="Michel Danino">Michel Danino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Deussen" title="Paul Deussen">Paul Deussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharampal" title="Dharampal">Dharampal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Mircea Eliade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Gargi" title="Sister Gargi">Sister Gargi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Feuerstein" title="Georg Feuerstein">Georg Feuerstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Jain" title="Meenakshi Jain">Meenakshi Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Klostermaier" title="Klaus Klostermaier">Klaus Klostermaier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajime_Nakamura" title="Hajime Nakamura">Hajime Nakamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantanand_Rambachan" title="Anantanand Rambachan">Anantanand Rambachan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Sharma" title="Arvind Sharma">Arvind Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Schweig" title="Graham Schweig">Graham Schweig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_Eastern_religions_writers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of modern Eastern religions writers">List of modern Eastern religions writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writers_on_Hinduism" title="List of writers on Hinduism">List of writers on Hinduism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Hinduism Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Criticism_of_religion" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Criticism_of_religion" title="Template:Criticism of religion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Criticism_of_religion" title="Template talk:Criticism of religion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Criticism_of_religion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Criticism of religion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Criticism_of_religion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_religion" title="Criticism of religion">Criticism of religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of the Bahá'í Faith">Baháˈí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Buddhism" title="Criticism of Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Criticism of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="Criticism of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Protestantism" title="Criticism of Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Criticism of the Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_movement#Controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Unification movement">Unification movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Unification_Church_in_Japan" title="Criticism of Unification Church in Japan">Unification Church in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westboro_Baptist_Church#Criticisms" title="Westboro Baptist Church">Westboro Baptist Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hinduism" title="Criticism of Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Swaminarayan_sect" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of Swaminarayan sect">Swaminarayan sect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islam" title="Criticism of Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Twelver_Shia_Islam" title="Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam">Twelver Shia Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism#Criticism_and_controversy" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jainism" title="Criticism of Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Judaism" title="Criticism of Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monotheism" title="Criticism of monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement#Opposition" title="New religious movement">New religious movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_modern_paganism" title="Criticism of modern paganism">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_controversies" title="Scientology controversies">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Sikhism" title="Criticism of Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism#Criticism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Zoroastrianism" title="Criticism of Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Bible" title="Criticism of the Bible">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_hadith" title="Criticism of hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Mormon_sacred_texts" title="Criticism of Mormon sacred texts">Mormon sacred texts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Book_of_Mormon" title="Criticism of the Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud#Criticism" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shia_view_of_Aisha" title="Shia view of Aisha">Aisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taze_Russell#Controversies" title="Charles Taze Russell">Charles Taze Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Ellen_G._White" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of Ellen G. White">Ellen White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses#Criticism_of_Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Muhammad" title="Criticism of Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad#Legacy" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul#Biblical_criticism" title="Saul">Saul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious discrimination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Bahá'ís">Bahá'i Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Druze" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Druze">Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_Neopagans" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious discrimination against Neopagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Copts" title="Persecution of Copts">Copts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sikhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Sikhs">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunni Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shia Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zorostianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_violence" title="Buddhism and violence">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_violence" title="Christianity and violence">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism_and_violence" title="Mormonism and violence">Mormonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_violence" title="Judaism and violence">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_violence" title="Islam and violence">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Terrorism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_terrorism" title="Christian terrorism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_terrorism" title="Hindu terrorism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_extremist_terrorism" title="Jewish extremist terrorism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_thought_on_persecution_and_tolerance" title="History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance">Christian thought on persecution and tolerance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_war" title="Islam and war">In Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_warfare" title="Judaism and warfare">In Judaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarian violence</a></li> <li>By country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_India" title="Religious violence in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_Christians_in_India" title="Violence against Christians in India">Anti-Christian violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Odisha" title="Religious violence in Odisha">In Odisha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_Nigeria" title="Religious violence in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_in_Pakistan" title="Religious discrimination in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_critical_of_religion" title="Category:Books critical of religion">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atheist_Manifesto:_The_Case_Against_Christianity,_Judaism,_and_Islam" title="Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam">Atheist Manifesto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breaking_the_Spell:_Religion_as_a_Natural_Phenomenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon">Breaking the Spell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christianity_Unveiled" title="Christianity Unveiled">Christianity Unveiled</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God_in_the_Age_of_Science%3F" title="God in the Age of Science?">God in the Age of Science?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God_Is_Not_Great" title="God Is Not Great">God Is Not Great</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God:_The_Failed_Hypothesis" title="God: The Failed Hypothesis">God: The Failed Hypothesis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Letter_to_a_Christian_Nation" title="Letter to a Christian Nation">Letter to a Christian Nation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Reason" title="The Age of Reason">The Age of Reason</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Watchmaker" title="The Blind Watchmaker">The Blind Watchmaker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Caged_Virgin" title="The Caged Virgin">The Caged Virgin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Faith" title="The End of Faith">The End of Faith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_God_Delusion" title="The God Delusion">The God Delusion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_the_Flying_Spaghetti_Monster" title="The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster">The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_I_Am_Not_a_Christian" title="Why I Am Not a Christian">Why I Am Not a Christian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_I_Am_Not_a_Muslim" title="Why I Am Not a Muslim">Why I Am Not a Muslim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Demon-Haunted_World" title="The Demon-Haunted World">The Demon-Haunted World</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_books_critical_of_Christianity" title="Bibliography of books critical of Christianity">Books critical of Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_books_critical_of_Islam" title="Bibliography of books critical of Islam">Books critical of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_books_critical_of_Judaism" title="Bibliography of books critical of Judaism">Books critical of Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_books_critical_of_Mormonism" title="Bibliography of books critical of Mormonism">Books critical of Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_books_critical_of_Scientology" title="Bibliography of books critical of Scientology">Books critical of Scientology</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antitheism" title="Antitheism">Antitheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_atheism" title="Criticism of atheism">Criticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Cārvāka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Atheism" title="New Atheism">New Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheistic_religion" title="Nontheistic religion">Nontheistic religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_religion" title="Parody religion">Parody religion</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_abuse" title="Religious abuse">Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">Apostasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">In Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Christianity" title="Apostasy in Christianity">In Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_atheism" title="Criticism of atheism">Criticism of atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monotheism" title="Criticism of monotheism">Criticism of monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_and_religion" title="Slavery and religion">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstitions">Superstitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superstitions_in_Muslim_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstitions in Muslim societies">Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Judaism" title="Superstition in Judaism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224906#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224906#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224906#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108546065">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2446973">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/15270/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfCqYR8JhgBRywtGhfKBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119069024">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50044349">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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