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js-UserInfo-social"><li class="profile-profiles js-social-profiles-container"><i class="fa fa-spin fa-spinner"></i></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Richard J Addante</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41641476"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41641476/Recallable_but_not_Recognizable_The_Influence_of_Semantic_Priming_in_Recall_Paradigms"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Recallable but not Recognizable: The Influence of Semantic Priming in Recall Paradigms" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61795787/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41641476/Recallable_but_not_Recognizable_The_Influence_of_Semantic_Priming_in_Recall_Paradigms">Recallable but not Recognizable: The Influence of Semantic Priming in Recall Paradigms</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>biorxiv</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">When people can successfully recall a studied word, they should be able to recognize it as having...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">When people can successfully recall a studied word, they should be able to recognize it as having been studied. In cued recall paradigms, however, participants sometimes correctly recall words in the presence of strong semantic cues but then fail to recognize those words as actually having been studied. Although the conditions necessary to produce this unusual effect are known, the underlying neural correlates have not been investigated. Across two experiments, involving both behavioral and electrophysiological methods (EEG), we investigated the cognitive and neural processes that underlie recognition failures. Experiments 1A and 1B showed that, in cued recall paradigms, presuming that recalled items can be recognized is a flawed assumption: Recognition failures occur in the presence of cues, regardless of whether those failures are measured. Experiment 2 showed that successfully recalled words that are recognized are driven by recollection at recall and by a combination of recollection and familiarity at recognition; in contrast, recognition failures are driven by semantic priming at recall and followed by negative-going ERP effects consistent with implicit processes such as repetition fluency and context familiarity at recognition. These results demonstrate that recall—long-characterized as predominantly reflecting recollection-based processing in episodic memory—can at times also be served by a confluence of implicit cognitive processes.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="de59e6781c44e7731f76040da8e9cb0e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61795787,"asset_id":41641476,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61795787/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41641476"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41641476"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41641476; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41641475"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41641475/Neural_Correlates_of_the_Dunning_Kruger_Effect"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neural Correlates of the Dunning-Kruger Effect" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64239810/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41641475/Neural_Correlates_of_the_Dunning_Kruger_Effect">Neural Correlates of the Dunning-Kruger Effect</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Neuroscience</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Dunning-Kruger Effect is a metacognitive phenomenon of illusory superiority in which individu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Dunning-Kruger Effect is a metacognitive phenomenon of illusory superiority in which individuals who perform poorly on a task believe they performed well, yet individuals who performed very well believe they under-performed. This phenomenon has yet to be directly explored in episodic memory, nor explored for reaction times and physiological correlates. We designed a novel method to elicit the Dunning-Kruger Effect (DKE) via a test of item and source recognition while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded; throughout the task, participants were asked to estimate the percentile in which they performed compared to others. Results revealed participants in the bottom 25th percentile overestimated their percentile the most, while participants in the top 75th percentile underestimated their percentile, exhibiting the classic DKE. Reaction time measures revealed a condition x group interaction whereby over-estimators responded faster than under-estimators when estimating being in the top percentile and responded slower when estimating being in the bottom percentile. Between-group EEG differences were evident between over-estimators and under-estimators when collapsing across all Dunning-Kruger responses, which revealed FN400-like effects of familiarity supporting differences for over-estimators from 400-600ms, whereas ‘old-new’ memory ERP effects revealed a late parietal component (LPC) associated with recollection-based processing for under-estimators that was not evident for over-estimators. Findings suggest over- and under-estimators use differing cognitive processes when assessing their performance, such that under-estimators rely on recollection during memory and over-estimators draw upon excess familiarity when over-estimating their performance. Episodic memory thus appears to play a contributory role in metacognitive judgments of illusory superiority in the DKE.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="985b14d750822b06988cbf713baea267" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64239810,"asset_id":41641475,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64239810/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41641475"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41641475"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41641475; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41641475]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41641475]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41641475; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41641475']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37946411"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37946411/Roberts_et_al_2018_theta_entrainment_preprint_Cog_Neuro"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Roberts et al 2018 theta entrainment preprint Cog Neuro" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57960308/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37946411/Roberts_et_al_2018_theta_entrainment_preprint_Cog_Neuro">Roberts et al 2018 theta entrainment preprint Cog Neuro</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cognitive Neuroscience</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Neural oscillations in the theta band have been linked to episodic memory, but it is unclear whet...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Neural oscillations in the theta band have been linked to episodic memory, but it is unclear whether activity patterns that give rise to theta play a causal role in episodic retrieval. Here, we used rhythmic auditory and visual stimulation to entrain neural oscillations to assess whether theta activity contributes to successful memory retrieval. In two separate experiments, human subjects studied words and were subsequently tested on memory for the words ("item recognition") and context in which each had been previously studied ("source memory"). Between study and test, subjects in the entrainment groups were exposed to audiovisual stimuli designed to enhance activity at 5.5 Hz, whereas subjects in the control groups were exposed to white noise (Expt. 1) or 14 Hz entrainment (Expt. 2). Theta entrainment selectively increased source memory performance in both studies. Electroencephalography (EEG) data in Expt. 2 revealed that theta entrainment resulted in band-specific enhancement of theta power during the entrainment period and during post-entrainment memory retrieval. These results demonstrate a direct link between theta activity and episodic memory retrieval. Targeted manipulation of theta activity could be a promising new approach to enhance theta activity and memory performance in healthy individuals and in patients with memory disorders. that, if AVE has lasting effects on networks that generate theta oscillations, then we would expect to see improved source memory performance and enhanced theta activity during source memory retrieval.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="37e67ff2be2c0c42f2d7f090cc1f24f9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57960308,"asset_id":37946411,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57960308/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37946411"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37946411"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37946411; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37946411]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37946411]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37946411; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37946411']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="24745414"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/24745414/Neurophysiological_evidence_that_perceptions_of_fluency_produce_mere_exposure_effects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neurophysiological evidence that perceptions of fluency produce mere exposure effects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/24745414/Neurophysiological_evidence_that_perceptions_of_fluency_produce_mere_exposure_effects">Neurophysiological evidence that perceptions of fluency produce mere exposure effects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recent exposure to people or objects increases liking ratings, the “mere exposure effect” (Zajonc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent exposure to people or objects increases liking ratings, the “mere exposure effect” (Zajonc, 1968), and an increase in processing fluency has been identified as a potential mechanism for producing this effect. This fluency hypothesis was directly tested by altering the trial-by-trial image clarity (i.e., fluency) while Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded. In Experiment 1, clarity was altered across two trial blocks that each had homogenous trial-by-trial clarity, whereas clarity varied randomly across trials in Experiment 2. Blocking or randomizing image clarity across trials was expected to produce different levels of relative fluency and alter mere exposure effects. The mere exposure effect (i.e., old products liked more than new products) was observed when stimulus clarity remained constant across trials, and clear image ERPs were more positive than blurry image ERPs. Importantly, these patterns were reversed when clarity varied randomly across test trials, such that participants liked clear images more than blurry (i.e., no mere exposure effect) and clear image ERPs were more negative than blurry image ERPs. The findings provide direct experimental support from both behavioral and electrophysiological measures that, in some contexts, mere exposure is the product of top-down interpretations of fluency.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7cdd315a7870737039c1896de4b75cd1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45074253,"asset_id":24745414,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45074253/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="24745414"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24745414"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24745414; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="19479138"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/19479138/Event_related_potential_evidence_for_multiple_causes_of_the_revelation_effect"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Event-related potential evidence for multiple causes of the revelation effect" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40642880/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19479138/Event_related_potential_evidence_for_multiple_causes_of_the_revelation_effect">Event-related potential evidence for multiple causes of the revelation effect</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoshuaLandau">Joshua Landau</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante">Richard J Addante</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://tcnj.academia.edu/AndyLeynes">Andy Leynes</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Consciousness and Cognition</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Asking people to discover the identity of a recognition test probe immediately before making a re...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Asking people to discover the identity of a recognition test probe immediately before making a recognition judgment increases the probability of an old judgment. To inform theories of this ''revelation effect,'' event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded for revealed and intact test items across two experiments. In Experiment 1, we used a revelation effect paradigm where half of the test probes were presented as anagrams (i.e., a related task) and the other items were presented intact. The pattern of ERP results from this experiment suggested that revealing an item decreases initial familiarity levels and caused the revealed items to elicit similar levels of activity. In Experiment 2, half of the probes were preceded by an addition task (i.e., an unrelated task). The pattern of ERP effects in this study were distinct from those observed in Experiment 1. More specifically, revealed item ERPs were more negative than intact ERPs at frontal electrodes and more positive at parietal electrodes early in the interval. Later in the epoch, revealed item ERPs were more negative than intact items. These data suggest that related tasks decrease familiarity and alter the signal-to-noise ratio of old and new items, whereas unrelated tasks affect processing in a different way (perhaps by changing decision processes)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2980883dfb633f10ee089d263f2f40b8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40642880,"asset_id":19479138,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40642880/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19479138"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19479138"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19479138; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19479138]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19479138]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19479138; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19479138']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="15790106"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790106/A_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus_in_an_electrophysiological_measure_of_implicit_memory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A critical role of the human hippocampus in an electrophysiological measure of implicit memory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796635/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790106/A_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus_in_an_electrophysiological_measure_of_implicit_memory">A critical role of the human hippocampus in an electrophysiological measure of implicit memory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>NeuroImage</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The hippocampus has traditionally been thought to be critical for conscious explicit memory but n...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The hippocampus has traditionally been thought to be critical for conscious explicit memory but not necessary for unconscious implicit memory processing. In a recent study of a group of mild amnesia patients with evidence of MTL damage limited to the hippocampus, subjects were tested on a direct test of item recognition confidence while electroencephalogram (EEG) was acquired, and revealed intact measures of explicit memory from 400 to 600ms (mid-frontal old-new effect, FN400). The current investigation re-analyzed this data to study event-related potentials (ERPs) of implicit memory, using a recently developed procedure that eliminated declarative memory differences. Prior ERP findings from this technique were first replicated in two independent matched control groups, which exhibited reliable implicit memory effects in posterior scalp regions from 400 to 600ms, which were topographically dissociated from the explicit memory effects of familiarity. However, patients were found to b...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="01e3115d00371cbb9c23bdce1b711505" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38796635,"asset_id":15790106,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796635/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="15790106"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15790106"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790106; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790106]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790106]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790106; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='15790106']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "01e3115d00371cbb9c23bdce1b711505" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=15790106]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":15790106,"title":"A critical role of the human hippocampus in an electrophysiological measure of implicit memory","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15790106/A_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus_in_an_electrophysiological_measure_of_implicit_memory","owner_id":34982927,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":34982927,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":"J","last_name":"Addante","page_name":"RichardAddante","domain_name":"fit","created_at":"2015-09-16T23:38:17.865-07:00","display_name":"Richard J Addante","url":"https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante"},"attachments":[{"id":38796635,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796635/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Addante__R.J.___2015_Neuroimage-_A_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus_in_implicit_memory.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796635/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38796635/Addante__R.J.___2015_Neuroimage-_A_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus_in_implicit_memory-libre.pdf?1442548754=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus.pdf\u0026Expires=1740049067\u0026Signature=BhKSZO8ZE-8VnKovibIcQAsHllFDitdzKwyjiGKTpTgs865oOCIRd7O4L9q0Fa3yqAD8aTWsKvoe03iHhpnsCSaGUHFZdoDfRZ9B3It-16en91Wqwv4od8ITtUngNmTxb23E1lEG55X59AHzpAmCDWeJLiUiaNT8gRsA66kjyGvuRolH0XtEFlnyaz32-EUAcztV~SM1sNFo~OaxluNQgW1yr68soS8BFH7uY0Lno~3cjvUqeRDthe4cFCLrHVbWy~CQn~RdVFuza-nXV1OYEXBFq-4Wep-6JZ0TJNBIRrf9hf5iQyyqrz94HUPGgXe1dxUSVEJMy1LZmp96belTAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="15790105"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790105/Pre_stimulus_neural_activity_predicts_successful_encoding_of_inter_item_associations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pre-stimulus neural activity predicts successful encoding of inter-item associations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796633/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790105/Pre_stimulus_neural_activity_predicts_successful_encoding_of_inter_item_associations">Pre-stimulus neural activity predicts successful encoding of inter-item associations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>NeuroImage</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Associative memory fMRI Neocortex Hippocampus fMRI was employed to investigate the relationship b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Associative memory fMRI Neocortex Hippocampus fMRI was employed to investigate the relationship between pre-stimulus neural activity and associative encoding of words and pictures in humans. While undergoing scanning, subjects studied randomly interleaved word or picture pairs. A pre-stimulus cue preceded the presentation of each study pair and signaled whether it would comprise words or pictures. Memory for the study pairs was later tested with an associative recognition test, which comprised word or picture pairs presented either in the same (intact) or a different (rearranged) pairing as at study, along with pairs of new items. The critical fMRI contrast was between study activity associated with pairs later correctly judged intact and pairs incorrectly judged as rearranged. A key question was whether material-selective pre-stimulus encoding effects could be identified which overlapped regions selectively activated by the respective study material. Picture-selective pre-stimulus effects were identified in bilateral fusiform and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), whereas word-selective effects could not be identified. Material-invariant pre-stimulus subsequent memory effects were also identified in several neocortical regions as well as in the hippocampus. Whereas the loci of the neocortical effects suggest that they reflect the benefit to encoding that accrues from engagement of cognitive control processes, their magnitude was negatively correlated across subjects with associative recognition performance and positively related to false alarm rate. Conversely, the hippocampal effects also predicted unique variance in associative memory and were negatively related to hit rate. It is suggested that the neocortical pre-stimulus effects may reflect encoding processes that increase familiarity of single items, whereas the hippocampal pre-stimulus effects are proposed to reflect either the encoding of taskirrelevant features or the retrieval of task-relevant information associated with the pre-stimulus cues. Overall, the results provide evidence that pre-stimulus processes may be deleterious, rather than beneficial, to associative encoding.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9e1e67cfa2377af708b7cdcd2dbfc659" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38796633,"asset_id":15790105,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796633/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="15790105"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15790105"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790105; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="15790104"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790104/Examining_ERP_correlates_of_recognition_memory_Evidence_of_accurate_source_recognition_without_recollection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Examining ERP correlates of recognition memory: Evidence of accurate source recognition without recollection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796627/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790104/Examining_ERP_correlates_of_recognition_memory_Evidence_of_accurate_source_recognition_without_recollection">Examining ERP correlates of recognition memory: Evidence of accurate source recognition without recollection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recollection is typically associated with high recognition confidence and accurate source memory....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recollection is typically associated with high recognition confidence and accurate source memory. However, subjects sometimes make accurate source memory judgments even for items that are not confidently recognized, and it is not known whether these responses are based on recollection or some other memory process. In the current study, we measured event related potentials (ERPs) while subjects made item and source memory confidence judgments in order to determine whether recollection supported accurate source recognition responses for items that were not confidently recognized. In line with previous studies, we found that recognition memory was associated with two ERP effects: an early on-setting FN400 effect, and a later parietal old–new effect [late positive component (LPC)], which have been associated with familiarity and recollection, respectively. The FN400 increased gradually with item recognition confidence, whereas the LPC was only observed for highly confident recognition responses. The LPC was also related to source accuracy, but only for items that had received a high confidence item recognition response; accurate source judgments to items that were less confidently recognized did not exhibit the typical ERP correlate of recollection or familiarity, but rather showed a late, broadly distributed negative ERP difference. The results indicate that accurate source judgments of episodic context can occur even when recollection fails.► Recollection is associated with confident recognition and accurate source memory. ► People sometimes have accurate source memories for items not confidently recognized. ► We measured ERPs during a test of item confidence and source memory. ► Episodic context was retrieved without recollection-related ERP effects (LPC). ► Late ERP negativity may reflect `context familiarity' in source discriminations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1d80273351d216cdbe85d539f8958090" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38796627,"asset_id":15790104,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796627/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="15790104"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15790104"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790104; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="15790103"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790103/Neurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recollection_impairment_in_amnesia_patients_that_leaves_familiarity_intact"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neurophysiological evidence for a recollection impairment in amnesia patients that leaves familiarity intact" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796621/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790103/Neurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recollection_impairment_in_amnesia_patients_that_leaves_familiarity_intact">Neurophysiological evidence for a recollection impairment in amnesia patients that leaves familiarity intact</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Neuropsychologia</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In several previous behavioral studies, we have identified a group of amnestic patients that, beh...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In several previous behavioral studies, we have identified a group of amnestic patients that, behaviorally, appear to exhibit severe deficits in recollection with relative preservation of familiarity-based recognition. However, these studies have relied exclusively on behavioral measures, rather than direct measures of physiology. Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been used to identify putative neural correlates of familiarity- and recollection-based recognition memory, but little work has been done to determine the extent to which these ERP correlates are spared in patients with relatively specific memory disorders. ERP studies of recognition in healthy subjects have indicated that recollection and familiarity are related to a parietal old-new effect characterized as a late positive component (LPC) and an earlier mid-frontal old-new effect referred to as an ‘FN400’, respectively. Here, we sought to determine the extent to which the putative ERP correlates of recollection and familiarity are intact or impaired in these patients. We recorded ERPs in three amnestic patients and six age matched controls while they made item recognition and source recognition judgments. The current patients were able to discriminate between old and new items fairly well, but showed nearly chance-level performance at source recognition. Moreover, whereas control subjects exhibited ERP correlates of memory that have been linked to recollection and familiarity, the patients only exhibited the mid-frontal FN400 ERP effect related to familiarity-based recognition. The results show that recollection can be severely impaired in amnesia even when familiarity-related processing is relatively spared, and they also provide further evidence that ERPs can be used to distinguish between neural correlates of familiarity and recollection.► The memory processes impaired in mild amnesia patients has been contentiously debated. ► Neuropsychological dissociations using behavioral measures have been inconclusive. ► ERPs provide neurophysiological signals of recollection (LPC) and familiarity (FN400). ► We recorded ERPs of item and source memory in mild amnesia and healthy controls. ► Patients showed FN400 correlates of familiarity, but no LPC evidence of recollection.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0640a7a719b3caa40ea0de39d7f5faa9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38796621,"asset_id":15790103,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796621/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="15790103"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15790103"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790103; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0640a7a719b3caa40ea0de39d7f5faa9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=15790103]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":15790103,"title":"Neurophysiological evidence for a recollection impairment in amnesia patients that leaves familiarity intact","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15790103/Neurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recollection_impairment_in_amnesia_patients_that_leaves_familiarity_intact","owner_id":34982927,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":34982927,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":"J","last_name":"Addante","page_name":"RichardAddante","domain_name":"fit","created_at":"2015-09-16T23:38:17.865-07:00","display_name":"Richard J Addante","url":"https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante"},"attachments":[{"id":38796621,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796621/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Addante_et_al.__2012_Neuropsychologia-_Neurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recollection_impairment_in_amnesia.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796621/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Neurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recoll.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38796621/Addante_et_al.__2012_Neuropsychologia-_Neurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recollection_impairment_in_amnesia-libre.pdf?1442548100=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNeurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recoll.pdf\u0026Expires=1739961937\u0026Signature=NQcMQQTIJZEucZY6p3SEKTYXJRS5vG0oc--pJTLEPTR9vz5-mQwCkYpoqOXY6cE-CuZ0UcDLDGnwDZ1uNNCUgEypHogxOwSJeQMJXjwyoU8YDg7j5xL9Nb4m3HSgG4CmFr3rUjrfhgN3YccvqiObA0xuCVmFTp6SgvOKaPdZ8IJaVWnBnT7rfyEAUPIDmdHwVegqTHMd4U6Rt5Qj97V-lju3dTrpWM024mllPYbhRWxtAJTo--BZ2VLphglSy-MI4a7q1Z8Ry9-B2MDgGMRQtHpRmBd9-CnAO2sAORI2kxHglRq1AboOYItxNeyxpuI0Er2OpHylxSqyYXUW7ySJXQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="15790102"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790102/Event_related_potential_evidence_for_multiple_causes_of_the_revelation_effect"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Event-related potential evidence for multiple causes of the revelation effect" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42886892/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790102/Event_related_potential_evidence_for_multiple_causes_of_the_revelation_effect">Event-related potential evidence for multiple causes of the revelation effect</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante">Richard J Addante</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://tcnj.academia.edu/AndyLeynes">Andy Leynes</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Consciousness and Cognition</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Asking people to discover the identity of a recognition test probe immediately before making a re...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Asking people to discover the identity of a recognition test probe immediately before making a recognition judgment increases the probability of an old judgment. To inform theories of this "revelation effect," event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded for revealed and intact test items across two experiments. In Experiment 1, we used a revelation effect paradigm where half of the test probes were presented as anagrams (i.e., a related task) and the other items were presented intact. The pattern of ERP results from this experiment suggested that revealing an item decreases initial familiarity levels and caused the revealed items to elicit similar levels of activity. In Experiment 2, half of the probes were preceded by an addition task (i.e., an unrelated task). The pattern of ERP effects in this study were distinct from those observed in Experiment 1. More specifically, revealed item ERPs were more negative than intact ERPs at frontal electrodes and more positive at parietal electrodes early in the interval. Later in the epoch, revealed item ERPs were more negative than intact items. These data suggest that related tasks decrease familiarity and alter the signal-to-noise ratio of old and new items, whereas unrelated tasks affect processing in a different way (perhaps by changing decision processes) that also results in the revelation effect. The implications for current theories of the revelation effect are discussed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a6b8f3dc3b505ce919d24b1efc90eec6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42886892,"asset_id":15790102,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42886892/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="15790102"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15790102"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790102; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="15790098"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790098/Prestimulus_theta_activity_predicts_correct_source_memory_retrieval"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Prestimulus theta activity predicts correct source memory retrieval" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796404/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790098/Prestimulus_theta_activity_predicts_correct_source_memory_retrieval">Prestimulus theta activity predicts correct source memory retrieval</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recent evidence indicates that the processing of a stimulus can be influenced by preceding patter...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent evidence indicates that the processing of a stimulus can be influenced by preceding patterns of brain activity. Here we examine whether prestimulus oscillatory brain activity can influence the ability to retrieve episodic memories. Neural activity in the theta-frequency band (4-8 Hz) was enhanced before presentation of test items which elicited accurate recollection of contextual details of the prior study episode ("source retrieval"), relative to trials for which item recognition was successful but source retrieval failed. Poststimulus theta activity was also related to source retrieval, and the magnitude of poststimulus theta was predicted by the magnitude of the prestimulus theta effects. The results suggest that ongoing neural processes occurring before stimulus onset might play a critical role in readying the brain for successful memory retrieval.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="49a1f621812842ddf9d306d2931d9d39" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38796404,"asset_id":15790098,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796404/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="15790098"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15790098"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790098; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790098]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790098]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790098; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='15790098']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "49a1f621812842ddf9d306d2931d9d39" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=15790098]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":15790098,"title":"Prestimulus theta activity predicts correct source memory retrieval","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15790098/Prestimulus_theta_activity_predicts_correct_source_memory_retrieval","owner_id":34982927,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":34982927,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":"J","last_name":"Addante","page_name":"RichardAddante","domain_name":"fit","created_at":"2015-09-16T23:38:17.865-07:00","display_name":"Richard J Addante","url":"https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante"},"attachments":[{"id":38796404,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796404/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Addante_et_al.__2011_PNAS-_Prestimulus_Theta_Predicts_Correct_Source_Memory_Retrieval.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796404/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Prestimulus_theta_activity_predicts_corr.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38796404/Addante_et_al.__2011_PNAS-_Prestimulus_Theta_Predicts_Correct_Source_Memory_Retrieval-libre.pdf?1442544383=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPrestimulus_theta_activity_predicts_corr.pdf\u0026Expires=1740049067\u0026Signature=SGTfR-NJ8t9S9UXjDH0dNGLqlGzM4nVZtwO44NDUdehO5-N7zaxulr4O~LE7zy~vnGY6Dx6mrUdgzBmTZUr4M6K5scuj6vgVKwHvNZY1OZq~UhG78wXvJSYplQ9pvz4EjCDFJdakaTmEVD880J-be8DP7h1v~UflndNKS8FHxkEvNcRpUTn-O1SXfA9L~YNbYY7FRXbwHmGkYHDKVQacyh9nDc1PH7e~qOtXf2LIubi~wv2A-9rn2YqZJqF33RI7uBoGryi2dtFOpnXxPclPB3oypMd0vAAiWV7GseRssd11z8ZyKMOfQrMUxqYrddwexydX7g6Rk2vmUObqZD6cMg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="3559413" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41641476"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41641476/Recallable_but_not_Recognizable_The_Influence_of_Semantic_Priming_in_Recall_Paradigms"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Recallable but not Recognizable: The Influence of Semantic Priming in Recall Paradigms" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61795787/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41641476/Recallable_but_not_Recognizable_The_Influence_of_Semantic_Priming_in_Recall_Paradigms">Recallable but not Recognizable: The Influence of Semantic Priming in Recall Paradigms</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>biorxiv</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">When people can successfully recall a studied word, they should be able to recognize it as having...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">When people can successfully recall a studied word, they should be able to recognize it as having been studied. In cued recall paradigms, however, participants sometimes correctly recall words in the presence of strong semantic cues but then fail to recognize those words as actually having been studied. Although the conditions necessary to produce this unusual effect are known, the underlying neural correlates have not been investigated. Across two experiments, involving both behavioral and electrophysiological methods (EEG), we investigated the cognitive and neural processes that underlie recognition failures. Experiments 1A and 1B showed that, in cued recall paradigms, presuming that recalled items can be recognized is a flawed assumption: Recognition failures occur in the presence of cues, regardless of whether those failures are measured. Experiment 2 showed that successfully recalled words that are recognized are driven by recollection at recall and by a combination of recollection and familiarity at recognition; in contrast, recognition failures are driven by semantic priming at recall and followed by negative-going ERP effects consistent with implicit processes such as repetition fluency and context familiarity at recognition. These results demonstrate that recall—long-characterized as predominantly reflecting recollection-based processing in episodic memory—can at times also be served by a confluence of implicit cognitive processes.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="de59e6781c44e7731f76040da8e9cb0e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61795787,"asset_id":41641476,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61795787/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41641476"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41641476"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41641476; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41641476]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41641476]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41641476; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41641476']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41641475"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41641475/Neural_Correlates_of_the_Dunning_Kruger_Effect"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neural Correlates of the Dunning-Kruger Effect" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64239810/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41641475/Neural_Correlates_of_the_Dunning_Kruger_Effect">Neural Correlates of the Dunning-Kruger Effect</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Neuroscience</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Dunning-Kruger Effect is a metacognitive phenomenon of illusory superiority in which individu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Dunning-Kruger Effect is a metacognitive phenomenon of illusory superiority in which individuals who perform poorly on a task believe they performed well, yet individuals who performed very well believe they under-performed. This phenomenon has yet to be directly explored in episodic memory, nor explored for reaction times and physiological correlates. We designed a novel method to elicit the Dunning-Kruger Effect (DKE) via a test of item and source recognition while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded; throughout the task, participants were asked to estimate the percentile in which they performed compared to others. Results revealed participants in the bottom 25th percentile overestimated their percentile the most, while participants in the top 75th percentile underestimated their percentile, exhibiting the classic DKE. Reaction time measures revealed a condition x group interaction whereby over-estimators responded faster than under-estimators when estimating being in the top percentile and responded slower when estimating being in the bottom percentile. Between-group EEG differences were evident between over-estimators and under-estimators when collapsing across all Dunning-Kruger responses, which revealed FN400-like effects of familiarity supporting differences for over-estimators from 400-600ms, whereas ‘old-new’ memory ERP effects revealed a late parietal component (LPC) associated with recollection-based processing for under-estimators that was not evident for over-estimators. Findings suggest over- and under-estimators use differing cognitive processes when assessing their performance, such that under-estimators rely on recollection during memory and over-estimators draw upon excess familiarity when over-estimating their performance. Episodic memory thus appears to play a contributory role in metacognitive judgments of illusory superiority in the DKE.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="985b14d750822b06988cbf713baea267" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64239810,"asset_id":41641475,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64239810/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41641475"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41641475"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41641475; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37946411"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37946411/Roberts_et_al_2018_theta_entrainment_preprint_Cog_Neuro"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Roberts et al 2018 theta entrainment preprint Cog Neuro" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57960308/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37946411/Roberts_et_al_2018_theta_entrainment_preprint_Cog_Neuro">Roberts et al 2018 theta entrainment preprint Cog Neuro</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cognitive Neuroscience</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Neural oscillations in the theta band have been linked to episodic memory, but it is unclear whet...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Neural oscillations in the theta band have been linked to episodic memory, but it is unclear whether activity patterns that give rise to theta play a causal role in episodic retrieval. Here, we used rhythmic auditory and visual stimulation to entrain neural oscillations to assess whether theta activity contributes to successful memory retrieval. In two separate experiments, human subjects studied words and were subsequently tested on memory for the words ("item recognition") and context in which each had been previously studied ("source memory"). Between study and test, subjects in the entrainment groups were exposed to audiovisual stimuli designed to enhance activity at 5.5 Hz, whereas subjects in the control groups were exposed to white noise (Expt. 1) or 14 Hz entrainment (Expt. 2). Theta entrainment selectively increased source memory performance in both studies. Electroencephalography (EEG) data in Expt. 2 revealed that theta entrainment resulted in band-specific enhancement of theta power during the entrainment period and during post-entrainment memory retrieval. These results demonstrate a direct link between theta activity and episodic memory retrieval. Targeted manipulation of theta activity could be a promising new approach to enhance theta activity and memory performance in healthy individuals and in patients with memory disorders. that, if AVE has lasting effects on networks that generate theta oscillations, then we would expect to see improved source memory performance and enhanced theta activity during source memory retrieval.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="37e67ff2be2c0c42f2d7f090cc1f24f9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57960308,"asset_id":37946411,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57960308/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37946411"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37946411"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37946411; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="24745414"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/24745414/Neurophysiological_evidence_that_perceptions_of_fluency_produce_mere_exposure_effects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neurophysiological evidence that perceptions of fluency produce mere exposure effects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/24745414/Neurophysiological_evidence_that_perceptions_of_fluency_produce_mere_exposure_effects">Neurophysiological evidence that perceptions of fluency produce mere exposure effects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recent exposure to people or objects increases liking ratings, the “mere exposure effect” (Zajonc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent exposure to people or objects increases liking ratings, the “mere exposure effect” (Zajonc, 1968), and an increase in processing fluency has been identified as a potential mechanism for producing this effect. This fluency hypothesis was directly tested by altering the trial-by-trial image clarity (i.e., fluency) while Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded. In Experiment 1, clarity was altered across two trial blocks that each had homogenous trial-by-trial clarity, whereas clarity varied randomly across trials in Experiment 2. Blocking or randomizing image clarity across trials was expected to produce different levels of relative fluency and alter mere exposure effects. The mere exposure effect (i.e., old products liked more than new products) was observed when stimulus clarity remained constant across trials, and clear image ERPs were more positive than blurry image ERPs. Importantly, these patterns were reversed when clarity varied randomly across test trials, such that participants liked clear images more than blurry (i.e., no mere exposure effect) and clear image ERPs were more negative than blurry image ERPs. The findings provide direct experimental support from both behavioral and electrophysiological measures that, in some contexts, mere exposure is the product of top-down interpretations of fluency.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7cdd315a7870737039c1896de4b75cd1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45074253,"asset_id":24745414,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45074253/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="24745414"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24745414"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24745414; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="19479138"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/19479138/Event_related_potential_evidence_for_multiple_causes_of_the_revelation_effect"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Event-related potential evidence for multiple causes of the revelation effect" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/40642880/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/19479138/Event_related_potential_evidence_for_multiple_causes_of_the_revelation_effect">Event-related potential evidence for multiple causes of the revelation effect</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoshuaLandau">Joshua Landau</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante">Richard J Addante</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://tcnj.academia.edu/AndyLeynes">Andy Leynes</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Consciousness and Cognition</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Asking people to discover the identity of a recognition test probe immediately before making a re...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Asking people to discover the identity of a recognition test probe immediately before making a recognition judgment increases the probability of an old judgment. To inform theories of this ''revelation effect,'' event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded for revealed and intact test items across two experiments. In Experiment 1, we used a revelation effect paradigm where half of the test probes were presented as anagrams (i.e., a related task) and the other items were presented intact. The pattern of ERP results from this experiment suggested that revealing an item decreases initial familiarity levels and caused the revealed items to elicit similar levels of activity. In Experiment 2, half of the probes were preceded by an addition task (i.e., an unrelated task). The pattern of ERP effects in this study were distinct from those observed in Experiment 1. More specifically, revealed item ERPs were more negative than intact ERPs at frontal electrodes and more positive at parietal electrodes early in the interval. Later in the epoch, revealed item ERPs were more negative than intact items. These data suggest that related tasks decrease familiarity and alter the signal-to-noise ratio of old and new items, whereas unrelated tasks affect processing in a different way (perhaps by changing decision processes)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2980883dfb633f10ee089d263f2f40b8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":40642880,"asset_id":19479138,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40642880/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="19479138"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19479138"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19479138; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19479138]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19479138]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19479138; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='19479138']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="15790106"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790106/A_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus_in_an_electrophysiological_measure_of_implicit_memory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A critical role of the human hippocampus in an electrophysiological measure of implicit memory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796635/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790106/A_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus_in_an_electrophysiological_measure_of_implicit_memory">A critical role of the human hippocampus in an electrophysiological measure of implicit memory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>NeuroImage</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The hippocampus has traditionally been thought to be critical for conscious explicit memory but n...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The hippocampus has traditionally been thought to be critical for conscious explicit memory but not necessary for unconscious implicit memory processing. In a recent study of a group of mild amnesia patients with evidence of MTL damage limited to the hippocampus, subjects were tested on a direct test of item recognition confidence while electroencephalogram (EEG) was acquired, and revealed intact measures of explicit memory from 400 to 600ms (mid-frontal old-new effect, FN400). The current investigation re-analyzed this data to study event-related potentials (ERPs) of implicit memory, using a recently developed procedure that eliminated declarative memory differences. Prior ERP findings from this technique were first replicated in two independent matched control groups, which exhibited reliable implicit memory effects in posterior scalp regions from 400 to 600ms, which were topographically dissociated from the explicit memory effects of familiarity. However, patients were found to b...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="01e3115d00371cbb9c23bdce1b711505" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38796635,"asset_id":15790106,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796635/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="15790106"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15790106"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790106; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790106]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790106]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790106; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='15790106']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "01e3115d00371cbb9c23bdce1b711505" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=15790106]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":15790106,"title":"A critical role of the human hippocampus in an electrophysiological measure of implicit memory","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15790106/A_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus_in_an_electrophysiological_measure_of_implicit_memory","owner_id":34982927,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":34982927,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":"J","last_name":"Addante","page_name":"RichardAddante","domain_name":"fit","created_at":"2015-09-16T23:38:17.865-07:00","display_name":"Richard J Addante","url":"https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante"},"attachments":[{"id":38796635,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796635/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Addante__R.J.___2015_Neuroimage-_A_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus_in_implicit_memory.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796635/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38796635/Addante__R.J.___2015_Neuroimage-_A_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus_in_implicit_memory-libre.pdf?1442548754=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_critical_role_of_the_human_hippocampus.pdf\u0026Expires=1740049067\u0026Signature=BhKSZO8ZE-8VnKovibIcQAsHllFDitdzKwyjiGKTpTgs865oOCIRd7O4L9q0Fa3yqAD8aTWsKvoe03iHhpnsCSaGUHFZdoDfRZ9B3It-16en91Wqwv4od8ITtUngNmTxb23E1lEG55X59AHzpAmCDWeJLiUiaNT8gRsA66kjyGvuRolH0XtEFlnyaz32-EUAcztV~SM1sNFo~OaxluNQgW1yr68soS8BFH7uY0Lno~3cjvUqeRDthe4cFCLrHVbWy~CQn~RdVFuza-nXV1OYEXBFq-4Wep-6JZ0TJNBIRrf9hf5iQyyqrz94HUPGgXe1dxUSVEJMy1LZmp96belTAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="15790105"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790105/Pre_stimulus_neural_activity_predicts_successful_encoding_of_inter_item_associations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pre-stimulus neural activity predicts successful encoding of inter-item associations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796633/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790105/Pre_stimulus_neural_activity_predicts_successful_encoding_of_inter_item_associations">Pre-stimulus neural activity predicts successful encoding of inter-item associations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>NeuroImage</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Associative memory fMRI Neocortex Hippocampus fMRI was employed to investigate the relationship b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Associative memory fMRI Neocortex Hippocampus fMRI was employed to investigate the relationship between pre-stimulus neural activity and associative encoding of words and pictures in humans. While undergoing scanning, subjects studied randomly interleaved word or picture pairs. A pre-stimulus cue preceded the presentation of each study pair and signaled whether it would comprise words or pictures. Memory for the study pairs was later tested with an associative recognition test, which comprised word or picture pairs presented either in the same (intact) or a different (rearranged) pairing as at study, along with pairs of new items. The critical fMRI contrast was between study activity associated with pairs later correctly judged intact and pairs incorrectly judged as rearranged. A key question was whether material-selective pre-stimulus encoding effects could be identified which overlapped regions selectively activated by the respective study material. Picture-selective pre-stimulus effects were identified in bilateral fusiform and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), whereas word-selective effects could not be identified. Material-invariant pre-stimulus subsequent memory effects were also identified in several neocortical regions as well as in the hippocampus. Whereas the loci of the neocortical effects suggest that they reflect the benefit to encoding that accrues from engagement of cognitive control processes, their magnitude was negatively correlated across subjects with associative recognition performance and positively related to false alarm rate. Conversely, the hippocampal effects also predicted unique variance in associative memory and were negatively related to hit rate. It is suggested that the neocortical pre-stimulus effects may reflect encoding processes that increase familiarity of single items, whereas the hippocampal pre-stimulus effects are proposed to reflect either the encoding of taskirrelevant features or the retrieval of task-relevant information associated with the pre-stimulus cues. Overall, the results provide evidence that pre-stimulus processes may be deleterious, rather than beneficial, to associative encoding.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9e1e67cfa2377af708b7cdcd2dbfc659" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38796633,"asset_id":15790105,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796633/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="15790105"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15790105"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790105; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790105]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790105]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790105; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='15790105']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9e1e67cfa2377af708b7cdcd2dbfc659" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=15790105]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":15790105,"title":"Pre-stimulus neural activity predicts successful encoding of inter-item associations","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15790105/Pre_stimulus_neural_activity_predicts_successful_encoding_of_inter_item_associations","owner_id":34982927,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":34982927,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":"J","last_name":"Addante","page_name":"RichardAddante","domain_name":"fit","created_at":"2015-09-16T23:38:17.865-07:00","display_name":"Richard J Addante","url":"https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante"},"attachments":[{"id":38796633,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796633/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Addante_et_al.__2015_Neuroimage-_Pre-stimulus_associative_encoding_effects_in_cortex_and_hippocampus.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796633/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Pre_stimulus_neural_activity_predicts_su.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38796633/Addante_et_al.__2015_Neuroimage-_Pre-stimulus_associative_encoding_effects_in_cortex_and_hippocampus-libre.pdf?1442548412=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPre_stimulus_neural_activity_predicts_su.pdf\u0026Expires=1739961937\u0026Signature=Bs58lP4QAJXhg7AFJIF99J91CSrazPN~TQgHJD31sa9w0WimyFythYT4pQOu4KL1tkecmCGsCQUdxZfma8b2XhSjlNUZPQcN2Ovl3MZMz7vslCRpU3-cX1GUTJnwyTMwzHUlGjHtHqzCLdFz6UQ734d4H0u-VKAcdvdcKS2TINSfmp5T3RBcq8uJZ3pngSpOYpKCcF2H7D6I9adB4uglsLOCVk-utCNl2ENc7AruBqs0iVXyZF6fvQMVHXVQFRH0a8~gFquofYP69pkgb5smpIHLAesG7ESv17BYdLMdvZMEfhw161m95epu31NEjUIIWtp9x8nJLNeAQ23yPqq4Nw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="15790104"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790104/Examining_ERP_correlates_of_recognition_memory_Evidence_of_accurate_source_recognition_without_recollection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Examining ERP correlates of recognition memory: Evidence of accurate source recognition without recollection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796627/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790104/Examining_ERP_correlates_of_recognition_memory_Evidence_of_accurate_source_recognition_without_recollection">Examining ERP correlates of recognition memory: Evidence of accurate source recognition without recollection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recollection is typically associated with high recognition confidence and accurate source memory....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recollection is typically associated with high recognition confidence and accurate source memory. However, subjects sometimes make accurate source memory judgments even for items that are not confidently recognized, and it is not known whether these responses are based on recollection or some other memory process. In the current study, we measured event related potentials (ERPs) while subjects made item and source memory confidence judgments in order to determine whether recollection supported accurate source recognition responses for items that were not confidently recognized. In line with previous studies, we found that recognition memory was associated with two ERP effects: an early on-setting FN400 effect, and a later parietal old–new effect [late positive component (LPC)], which have been associated with familiarity and recollection, respectively. The FN400 increased gradually with item recognition confidence, whereas the LPC was only observed for highly confident recognition responses. The LPC was also related to source accuracy, but only for items that had received a high confidence item recognition response; accurate source judgments to items that were less confidently recognized did not exhibit the typical ERP correlate of recollection or familiarity, but rather showed a late, broadly distributed negative ERP difference. The results indicate that accurate source judgments of episodic context can occur even when recollection fails.► Recollection is associated with confident recognition and accurate source memory. ► People sometimes have accurate source memories for items not confidently recognized. ► We measured ERPs during a test of item confidence and source memory. ► Episodic context was retrieved without recollection-related ERP effects (LPC). ► Late ERP negativity may reflect `context familiarity' in source discriminations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1d80273351d216cdbe85d539f8958090" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38796627,"asset_id":15790104,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796627/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="15790104"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15790104"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790104; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790104]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790104]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790104; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='15790104']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1d80273351d216cdbe85d539f8958090" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=15790104]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":15790104,"title":"Examining ERP correlates of recognition memory: Evidence of accurate source recognition without recollection","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15790104/Examining_ERP_correlates_of_recognition_memory_Evidence_of_accurate_source_recognition_without_recollection","owner_id":34982927,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":34982927,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":"J","last_name":"Addante","page_name":"RichardAddante","domain_name":"fit","created_at":"2015-09-16T23:38:17.865-07:00","display_name":"Richard J Addante","url":"https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante"},"attachments":[{"id":38796627,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796627/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Addante_et_al.__2012_Neuroimage_-ERP_correlates_of_recognition_memory_Evidence_of_accurate_source.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796627/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Examining_ERP_correlates_of_recognition.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38796627/Addante_et_al.__2012_Neuroimage_-ERP_correlates_of_recognition_memory_Evidence_of_accurate_source-libre.pdf?1442548105=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DExamining_ERP_correlates_of_recognition.pdf\u0026Expires=1740049067\u0026Signature=d2z4JqxMU8CBzLl5dbixOmlw3zK0~YpZ2-jh~cfm36ethAqZ3KB-7KNk7JN7~cQBxDG0xjttpJqi93oIbp1Cz4mWfQ9T611jSis14xOXqvMWIar4xbGWLhMHsD94WQ8NcJYUKkiBXlNgLhoC6-DdE4VVbAqWWk4541Hzzhl96AToy3q0s1UZWktFwTg5I5StHDrz~LMhttN9nDFDyKnI0BP5UOLDWUQDuFHTeOhcmf0Wi-W94~wZHbpqkS8sfeNCMNRUa0BD6b9kZAX~779qYe9LdvBDvF8p6zxScc8k6mzgtCUCn2XaaluvUOduQllh4lkCrCVNgZzZbONz4FfSlw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="15790103"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790103/Neurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recollection_impairment_in_amnesia_patients_that_leaves_familiarity_intact"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neurophysiological evidence for a recollection impairment in amnesia patients that leaves familiarity intact" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796621/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790103/Neurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recollection_impairment_in_amnesia_patients_that_leaves_familiarity_intact">Neurophysiological evidence for a recollection impairment in amnesia patients that leaves familiarity intact</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Neuropsychologia</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In several previous behavioral studies, we have identified a group of amnestic patients that, beh...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In several previous behavioral studies, we have identified a group of amnestic patients that, behaviorally, appear to exhibit severe deficits in recollection with relative preservation of familiarity-based recognition. However, these studies have relied exclusively on behavioral measures, rather than direct measures of physiology. Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been used to identify putative neural correlates of familiarity- and recollection-based recognition memory, but little work has been done to determine the extent to which these ERP correlates are spared in patients with relatively specific memory disorders. ERP studies of recognition in healthy subjects have indicated that recollection and familiarity are related to a parietal old-new effect characterized as a late positive component (LPC) and an earlier mid-frontal old-new effect referred to as an ‘FN400’, respectively. Here, we sought to determine the extent to which the putative ERP correlates of recollection and familiarity are intact or impaired in these patients. We recorded ERPs in three amnestic patients and six age matched controls while they made item recognition and source recognition judgments. The current patients were able to discriminate between old and new items fairly well, but showed nearly chance-level performance at source recognition. Moreover, whereas control subjects exhibited ERP correlates of memory that have been linked to recollection and familiarity, the patients only exhibited the mid-frontal FN400 ERP effect related to familiarity-based recognition. The results show that recollection can be severely impaired in amnesia even when familiarity-related processing is relatively spared, and they also provide further evidence that ERPs can be used to distinguish between neural correlates of familiarity and recollection.► The memory processes impaired in mild amnesia patients has been contentiously debated. ► Neuropsychological dissociations using behavioral measures have been inconclusive. ► ERPs provide neurophysiological signals of recollection (LPC) and familiarity (FN400). ► We recorded ERPs of item and source memory in mild amnesia and healthy controls. ► Patients showed FN400 correlates of familiarity, but no LPC evidence of recollection.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0640a7a719b3caa40ea0de39d7f5faa9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38796621,"asset_id":15790103,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796621/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="15790103"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15790103"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790103; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790103]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790103]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790103; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='15790103']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0640a7a719b3caa40ea0de39d7f5faa9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=15790103]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":15790103,"title":"Neurophysiological evidence for a recollection impairment in amnesia patients that leaves familiarity intact","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15790103/Neurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recollection_impairment_in_amnesia_patients_that_leaves_familiarity_intact","owner_id":34982927,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":34982927,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":"J","last_name":"Addante","page_name":"RichardAddante","domain_name":"fit","created_at":"2015-09-16T23:38:17.865-07:00","display_name":"Richard J Addante","url":"https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante"},"attachments":[{"id":38796621,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796621/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Addante_et_al.__2012_Neuropsychologia-_Neurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recollection_impairment_in_amnesia.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796621/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Neurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recoll.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38796621/Addante_et_al.__2012_Neuropsychologia-_Neurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recollection_impairment_in_amnesia-libre.pdf?1442548100=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNeurophysiological_evidence_for_a_recoll.pdf\u0026Expires=1739961937\u0026Signature=NQcMQQTIJZEucZY6p3SEKTYXJRS5vG0oc--pJTLEPTR9vz5-mQwCkYpoqOXY6cE-CuZ0UcDLDGnwDZ1uNNCUgEypHogxOwSJeQMJXjwyoU8YDg7j5xL9Nb4m3HSgG4CmFr3rUjrfhgN3YccvqiObA0xuCVmFTp6SgvOKaPdZ8IJaVWnBnT7rfyEAUPIDmdHwVegqTHMd4U6Rt5Qj97V-lju3dTrpWM024mllPYbhRWxtAJTo--BZ2VLphglSy-MI4a7q1Z8Ry9-B2MDgGMRQtHpRmBd9-CnAO2sAORI2kxHglRq1AboOYItxNeyxpuI0Er2OpHylxSqyYXUW7ySJXQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="15790102"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790102/Event_related_potential_evidence_for_multiple_causes_of_the_revelation_effect"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Event-related potential evidence for multiple causes of the revelation effect" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42886892/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790102/Event_related_potential_evidence_for_multiple_causes_of_the_revelation_effect">Event-related potential evidence for multiple causes of the revelation effect</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante">Richard J Addante</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://tcnj.academia.edu/AndyLeynes">Andy Leynes</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Consciousness and Cognition</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Asking people to discover the identity of a recognition test probe immediately before making a re...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Asking people to discover the identity of a recognition test probe immediately before making a recognition judgment increases the probability of an old judgment. To inform theories of this "revelation effect," event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded for revealed and intact test items across two experiments. In Experiment 1, we used a revelation effect paradigm where half of the test probes were presented as anagrams (i.e., a related task) and the other items were presented intact. The pattern of ERP results from this experiment suggested that revealing an item decreases initial familiarity levels and caused the revealed items to elicit similar levels of activity. In Experiment 2, half of the probes were preceded by an addition task (i.e., an unrelated task). The pattern of ERP effects in this study were distinct from those observed in Experiment 1. More specifically, revealed item ERPs were more negative than intact ERPs at frontal electrodes and more positive at parietal electrodes early in the interval. Later in the epoch, revealed item ERPs were more negative than intact items. These data suggest that related tasks decrease familiarity and alter the signal-to-noise ratio of old and new items, whereas unrelated tasks affect processing in a different way (perhaps by changing decision processes) that also results in the revelation effect. The implications for current theories of the revelation effect are discussed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a6b8f3dc3b505ce919d24b1efc90eec6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42886892,"asset_id":15790102,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42886892/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="15790102"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15790102"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790102; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790102]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15790102]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790102; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='15790102']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a6b8f3dc3b505ce919d24b1efc90eec6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=15790102]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":15790102,"title":"Event-related potential evidence for multiple causes of the revelation effect","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15790102/Event_related_potential_evidence_for_multiple_causes_of_the_revelation_effect","owner_id":34982927,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":34982927,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":"J","last_name":"Addante","page_name":"RichardAddante","domain_name":"fit","created_at":"2015-09-16T23:38:17.865-07:00","display_name":"Richard J Addante","url":"https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante"},"attachments":[{"id":42886892,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42886892/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Event-related_potential_evidence_for_mul20160220-12290-jibuve.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42886892/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Event_related_potential_evidence_for_mul.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/42886892/Event-related_potential_evidence_for_mul20160220-12290-jibuve-libre.pdf?1456024269=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEvent_related_potential_evidence_for_mul.pdf\u0026Expires=1740049067\u0026Signature=YE67SUN5y7qJdcduuv4fuy0nhvKc5QG6PUDlLdt86b41rCQNWJDtBsCE7ca5qhQqRAZlb3otN-T9d~Q3kzIpL2lsowA374Pg7cSwgrrTK3JKRw299iYUIDnjuvJa4k0hZNR4G73jsle-o~Elo5sYkxOTT79lgGLxjLJH8pn9WQ7P2ope48sRD4dRQy7LiYGldyPujG73~EcavlG8UXz1d9gEQ7~DQb3gUAAAVyXgp7M4BZREtiqcVPwEUR6c-WM0bq5FkeTcB9Bqblq2XytYKJ90YQRD7N4dG6YEFcWR299Ne55a21K6s3RoKWiYvWg0jbqgjwtw2CtHAM8ZtYwBsQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="15790098"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790098/Prestimulus_theta_activity_predicts_correct_source_memory_retrieval"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Prestimulus theta activity predicts correct source memory retrieval" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38796404/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790098/Prestimulus_theta_activity_predicts_correct_source_memory_retrieval">Prestimulus theta activity predicts correct source memory retrieval</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Recent evidence indicates that the processing of a stimulus can be influenced by preceding patter...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Recent evidence indicates that the processing of a stimulus can be influenced by preceding patterns of brain activity. Here we examine whether prestimulus oscillatory brain activity can influence the ability to retrieve episodic memories. Neural activity in the theta-frequency band (4-8 Hz) was enhanced before presentation of test items which elicited accurate recollection of contextual details of the prior study episode ("source retrieval"), relative to trials for which item recognition was successful but source retrieval failed. Poststimulus theta activity was also related to source retrieval, and the magnitude of poststimulus theta was predicted by the magnitude of the prestimulus theta effects. The results suggest that ongoing neural processes occurring before stimulus onset might play a critical role in readying the brain for successful memory retrieval.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="49a1f621812842ddf9d306d2931d9d39" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38796404,"asset_id":15790098,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38796404/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="15790098"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15790098"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15790098; 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