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Here, we used rhythmic auditory and visual stimulation to entrain" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/34982927/10186803/36063235/s200_richard.addante.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/37946411/Roberts_et_al_2018_theta_entrainment_preprint_Cog_Neuro" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Roberts et al 2018 theta entrainment preprint Cog Neuro" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Neural oscillations in the theta band have been linked to episodic memory, but it is unclear whether activity patterns that give rise to theta play a causal role in episodic retrieval. Here, we used rhythmic auditory and visual stimulation to entrain" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante" /> <meta name="description" content="Neural oscillations in the theta band have been linked to episodic memory, but it is unclear whether activity patterns that give rise to theta play a causal role in episodic retrieval. Here, we used rhythmic auditory and visual stimulation to entrain" /> <title>(PDF) Roberts et al 2018 theta entrainment preprint Cog Neuro</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/37946411/Roberts_et_al_2018_theta_entrainment_preprint_Cog_Neuro" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var 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{"work":{"id":37946411,"created_at":"2018-12-10T00:34:22.517-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-17T05:14:46.320-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Neural oscillations in the theta band have been linked to episodic memory, but it is unclear whether activity patterns that give rise to theta play a causal role in episodic retrieval. Here, we used rhythmic auditory and visual stimulation to entrain neural oscillations to assess whether theta activity contributes to successful memory retrieval. In two separate experiments, human subjects studied words and were subsequently tested on memory for the words (\"item recognition\") and context in which each had been previously studied (\"source memory\"). Between study and test, subjects in the entrainment groups were exposed to audiovisual stimuli designed to enhance activity at 5.5 Hz, whereas subjects in the control groups were exposed to white noise (Expt. 1) or 14 Hz entrainment (Expt. 2). Theta entrainment selectively increased source memory performance in both studies. Electroencephalography (EEG) data in Expt. 2 revealed that theta entrainment resulted in band-specific enhancement of theta power during the entrainment period and during post-entrainment memory retrieval. These results demonstrate a direct link between theta activity and episodic memory retrieval. Targeted manipulation of theta activity could be a promising new approach to enhance theta activity and memory performance in healthy individuals and in patients with memory disorders. that, if AVE has lasting effects on networks that generate theta oscillations, then we would expect to see improved source memory performance and enhanced theta activity during source memory retrieval.","publication_date":"2018,,","publication_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"57960308"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Roberts et al 2018 theta entrainment preprint Cog Neuro","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [34982927]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":57960308,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Roberts et al 2018 theta entrainment preprint Cog Neuro”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/57960308/mini_magick20190110-21024-dxibmj.png?1547113335" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Roberts et al 2018 theta entrainment preprint Cog Neuro</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34982927" href="https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante"><img alt="Profile image of Richard J Addante" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/34982927/10186803/36063235/s65_richard.addante.jpg" />Richard J Addante</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018, Cognitive Neuroscience</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">31 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 37946411; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Neural oscillations in the theta band have been linked to episodic memory, but it is unclear whether activity patterns that give rise to theta play a causal role in episodic retrieval. Here, we used rhythmic auditory and visual stimulation to entrain neural oscillations to assess whether theta activity contributes to successful memory retrieval. In two separate experiments, human subjects studied words and were subsequently tested on memory for the words ("item recognition") and context in which each had been previously studied ("source memory"). Between study and test, subjects in the entrainment groups were exposed to audiovisual stimuli designed to enhance activity at 5.5 Hz, whereas subjects in the control groups were exposed to white noise (Expt. 1) or 14 Hz entrainment (Expt. 2). Theta entrainment selectively increased source memory performance in both studies. Electroencephalography (EEG) data in Expt. 2 revealed that theta entrainment resulted in band-specific enhancement of theta power during the entrainment period and during post-entrainment memory retrieval. These results demonstrate a direct link between theta activity and episodic memory retrieval. Targeted manipulation of theta activity could be a promising new approach to enhance theta activity and memory performance in healthy individuals and in patients with memory disorders. that, if AVE has lasting effects on networks that generate theta oscillations, then we would expect to see improved source memory performance and enhanced theta activity during source memory retrieval.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":57960308,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/37946411/Roberts_et_al_2018_theta_entrainment_preprint_Cog_Neuro"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":57960308,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/37946411/Roberts_et_al_2018_theta_entrainment_preprint_Cog_Neuro"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Neurocomputational models predict that remembering entails the reinstatement of brain activity that was present when an event was initially experienced , a claim that has recently gained support from functional imaging work in humans . The nature of this reactivation, however, is still unclear. Cognitive models claim that retrieval is set off by an early reactivation of stored memory representations (''ecphory'') . However, reinstatement as found in imaging studies might also reflect postretrieval processes that operate on the products of retrieval and are thus a consequence rather than a precondition of remembering. Here, we used frequency entrainment as a novel method of tagging memories in the human electroencephalogram (EEG). Participants studied words presented on flickering backgrounds, entraining a steady-state brain response at either 6 or 10 Hz. We found that these frequency signatures rapidly reemerged during a later memory test when participants successfully recognized a word. An additional behavioral experiment suggested that this reactivation occurs in the absence of conscious memory for the frequencies entrained during study. The findings provide empirical evidence for the role of rapid, likely unconscious memory reactivation during retrieval.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rapid memory reactivation revealed by oscillatory entrainment","attachmentId":46661720,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11509001/Rapid_memory_reactivation_revealed_by_oscillatory_entrainment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11509001/Rapid_memory_reactivation_revealed_by_oscillatory_entrainment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="15499554" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15499554/Impact_of_auditory_stimulation_at_a_frequency_of_5_Hz_in_verbal_memory">Impact of auditory stimulation at a frequency of 5 Hz in verbal memory</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34649450" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/FernandoMaestu">Fernando Maestu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Actas españolas de psiquiatría</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The objective of this study was to establish whether stimulation at 5 Hz enables immediate words recall. A total of 20 participants received auditory stimulation at 5 Hz-theta, beta-13 Hz frequencies, white noise (WN) and words. The results indicate significant differences in the number of recalled words per day depending on the stimulation frequencies. From the third to the fifth day a significant association was shown between increasing numbers of recalled words at 5 Hz compared with the rest of the frequencies. If we take the number of words recorded during the recording of the magnetoencephalography into account, significant differences with greater numbers of words between 5 Hz and between 13 Hz and 5 Hz and WN were found in the second measure. The median frequency only showed significant differences in stimulation at a frequency of 5 Hz. Auditory stimulation over a long time at a frequency of 5 Hz generates a coupling of brain activity that increases the capacity of immediate ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of auditory stimulation at a frequency of 5 Hz in verbal memory","attachmentId":43143887,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15499554/Impact_of_auditory_stimulation_at_a_frequency_of_5_Hz_in_verbal_memory","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15499554/Impact_of_auditory_stimulation_at_a_frequency_of_5_Hz_in_verbal_memory"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="10918958" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10918958/Theta_and_gamma_oscillations_predict_encoding_and_retrieval_of_declarative_memory">Theta and gamma oscillations predict encoding and retrieval of declarative memory</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26486480" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertOostenveld">Robert Oostenveld</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neuroscience, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Although studies in animals and patients have demonstrated that brain oscillations play a role in declarative memory encoding and retrieval, little has been done to investigate the temporal dynamics and sources of brain activity in healthy human subjects performing such tasks. In a magnetoencephalography study using pictorial stimuli, we have now identified oscillatory activity in the gamma (60 -90 Hz) and theta (4.5-8.5 Hz) band during declarative memory operations in healthy participants. Both theta and gamma activity was stronger for the later remembered compared with the later forgotten items (the "subsequent memory effect"). In the retrieval session, theta and gamma activity was stronger for recognized items compared with correctly rejected new items (the "old/new effect"). The gamma activity was also stronger for recognized compared with forgotten old items (the "recognition effect"). The effects in the theta band were observed over right parietotemporal areas, whereas the sources of the effects in the gamma band were identified in Brodmann area 18/19. We propose that the theta activity is directly engaged in mnemonic operations. The increase in neuronal synchronization in the gamma band in occipital areas may result in a stronger drive to subsequent areas, thus facilitating both memory encoding and retrieval. Alternatively, the gamma synchronization might reflect representations being reinforced by top-down activity from higherlevel memory areas. Our results provide additional insight on human declarative memory operations and oscillatory brain activity that complements previous electrophysiological and brain imaging studies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Theta and gamma oscillations predict encoding and retrieval of declarative memory","attachmentId":47026119,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10918958/Theta_and_gamma_oscillations_predict_encoding_and_retrieval_of_declarative_memory","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10918958/Theta_and_gamma_oscillations_predict_encoding_and_retrieval_of_declarative_memory"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="95020806" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95020806/Studying_frequency_processing_of_the_brain_to_enhance_long_term_memory_and_develop_a_human_brain_protocol">Studying frequency processing of the brain to enhance long-term memory and develop a human brain protocol</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66905627" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WernherFriedrich">Wernher Friedrich</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Technology and Health Care, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">BACKGROUND: The temporal lobe in conjunction with the hippocampus is responsible for memory processing. The gamma wave is involved with this process. To develop a human brain protocol, a better understanding of the relationship between gamma and long-term memory is vital. OBJECTIVE: A more comprehensive understanding of the human brain and specific analogue waves it uses will support the development of a human brain protocol. METHODS: Fifty-eight participants aged between 6 and 60 years participated in long-term memory experiments. It is envisaged that the brain could be stimulated through binaural beats (sound frequency) at 40 Hz (gamma) to enhance long-term memory capacity. EEG recordings have been transformed to sound and then to an information standard, namely ASCII. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed a proportional relationship between long-term memory and gamma activity. Results from EEG recordings indicate a pattern. The pattern was obtained through the de-codification of an EEG recording to sound and then to ASCII. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of gamma should enhance long term memory capacity. More research is required to unlock the human brains' protocol key. This key will enable the processing of information directly to and from human memory via gamma, the hippocampus and the temporal lobe.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Studying frequency processing of the brain to enhance long-term memory and develop a human brain protocol","attachmentId":97318286,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95020806/Studying_frequency_processing_of_the_brain_to_enhance_long_term_memory_and_develop_a_human_brain_protocol","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95020806/Studying_frequency_processing_of_the_brain_to_enhance_long_term_memory_and_develop_a_human_brain_protocol"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="16762473" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16762473/Theta_oscillations_predict_the_detrimental_effects_of_memory_retrieval">Theta oscillations predict the detrimental effects of memory retrieval</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36190604" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KarlheinzB%C3%A4uml">Karl-heinz Bäuml</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Retrieving a target item from episodic memory typically enhances later memory for the retrieved item but causes forgetting of compcting irrelevant memories. This finding is termed retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) and is assumed to be the consequence of an inhibitory mechanism resolving retrieval competition. In the present study, we examined brain oscillatory processes related to RIF, as induced by competitive memory retrieval. Contrasting a competitive with a noncompetitive retrieval condition, we found a stronger increase in early evoked theta (4-7 Hz) activity, which specifically predicted RIF, but not retrieval-induced enhancement. Within the cognitive framework of RIF, these findings suggest that theta oscillations reflect arising interference and its resolution during competitive retrieval in episodic memory. Supplemental materials for this article may be downloaded from http://cabn.psychonomic -journals.org/content/supplemental.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Theta oscillations predict the detrimental effects of memory retrieval","attachmentId":39169644,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16762473/Theta_oscillations_predict_the_detrimental_effects_of_memory_retrieval","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16762473/Theta_oscillations_predict_the_detrimental_effects_of_memory_retrieval"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="60839826" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60839826/Theta_and_gamma_oscillations_during_encoding_predict_subsequent_recall">Theta and gamma oscillations during encoding predict subsequent recall</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28833184" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HowardMarc">Marc Howard</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Electrophysiological and hemodynamic measures of human brain activity have been shown to distinguish between episodes of encoding items that are later recalled versus those that are not recalled (Paller and Wagner, 2002). Using intracranial recordings from 793 widespread cortical and subcortical sites in 10 epileptic patients undergoing invasive monitoring, we compared oscillatory power at frequencies ranging from 2 to 64 Hz as participants studied lists of common nouns. Significant increases in oscillatory power during encoding predicted subsequent recall, with this effect predominantly in the 4-8 Hz (theta) and 28-64 Hz (gamma) frequency bands. Sites exhibiting increased theta activity during successful encoding were clustered in right temporal and frontal cortex, whereas those exhibiting increased gamma activity appeared bilaterally at widespread cortical locations. These findings implicate theta and gamma oscillatory activity, across a widespread network of cortical regions, in ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Theta and gamma oscillations during encoding predict subsequent recall","attachmentId":74108754,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60839826/Theta_and_gamma_oscillations_during_encoding_predict_subsequent_recall","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60839826/Theta_and_gamma_oscillations_during_encoding_predict_subsequent_recall"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="15790098" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790098/Prestimulus_theta_activity_predicts_correct_source_memory_retrieval">Prestimulus theta activity predicts correct source memory retrieval</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34982927" href="https://fit.academia.edu/RichardAddante">Richard J Addante</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Recent evidence indicates that the processing of a stimulus can be influenced by preceding patterns of brain activity. Here we examine whether prestimulus oscillatory brain activity can influence the ability to retrieve episodic memories. Neural activity in the theta-frequency band (4-8 Hz) was enhanced before presentation of test items which elicited accurate recollection of contextual details of the prior study episode ("source retrieval"), relative to trials for which item recognition was successful but source retrieval failed. Poststimulus theta activity was also related to source retrieval, and the magnitude of poststimulus theta was predicted by the magnitude of the prestimulus theta effects. The results suggest that ongoing neural processes occurring before stimulus onset might play a critical role in readying the brain for successful memory retrieval.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Prestimulus theta activity predicts correct source memory retrieval","attachmentId":38796404,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15790098/Prestimulus_theta_activity_predicts_correct_source_memory_retrieval","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15790098/Prestimulus_theta_activity_predicts_correct_source_memory_retrieval"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="97507355" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97507355/Frequency_specific_insight_into_short_term_memory_capacity">Frequency-specific insight into short-term memory capacity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33903185" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MatteoFeurra">Matteo Feurra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of neurophysiology, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The digit span is one of the most widely used memory tests in clinical and experimental neuropsychology for reliably measuring short-term memory capacity. In the forward version, sequences of digits of increasing length have to be reproduced in the order in which they are presented, whereas in the backward version items must be reproduced in the reversed order. Here, we assessed whether transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) increases the memory span for digits of young and midlife adults. Imperceptibly weak electrical currents in the alpha (10 Hz), beta (20 Hz), theta (5 Hz) and gamma (40 Hz) range, as well as a sham stimulation, were delivered over the left posterior parietal cortex, a cortical region thought to sustain maintenance processes in short-term memory through oscillatory brain activity in the beta range. We showed a frequency-specific effect of beta-tACS that robustly increased the forward memory span of young, but not middle-aged, healthy individuals. The ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Frequency-specific insight into short-term memory capacity","attachmentId":99109838,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97507355/Frequency_specific_insight_into_short_term_memory_capacity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97507355/Frequency_specific_insight_into_short_term_memory_capacity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="87182725" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87182725/Understanding_the_neurological_mechanism_involved_in_enhanced_memory_recall_task_following_binaural_beat_a_pilot_study">Understanding the neurological mechanism involved in enhanced memory recall task following binaural beat: a pilot study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28027631" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MuhammadAbulHasan">Muhammad Abul Hasan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Experimental Brain Research, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Binaural beat (BB) is a promising technique for memory improvement in elderly or people with neurological conditions. However, the related modulation of cortical networks followed by behavioral changes has not been investigated. The objective of this study is to establish a relationship between BB oscillatory brain activity evoked by stimulation and a behavioral response in a short term memory task. Three Groups A, B, and C of 20 participants each received alpha (10 Hz), beta (14 Hz), and gamma (30 Hz) BB, respectively, for 15 min. Their EEG was recorded in pre, during, and post BB states. Participants performed a digit span test before and after a BB session. A significant increase in the cognitive score was found only for Group A while a significant decrease in reaction time was noted for Groups A and C. Group A had a significant decrease of theta and increase of alpha power, and a significant increase of theta and decrease of gamma imaginary coherence (ICH) post BB. Group C had a...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Understanding the neurological mechanism involved in enhanced memory recall task following binaural beat: a pilot study","attachmentId":91465713,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87182725/Understanding_the_neurological_mechanism_involved_in_enhanced_memory_recall_task_following_binaural_beat_a_pilot_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87182725/Understanding_the_neurological_mechanism_involved_in_enhanced_memory_recall_task_following_binaural_beat_a_pilot_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":57960308,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":57960308,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_57960308" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="25818484" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25818484/Oscillations_in_the_Alpha_Band_9_12_Hz_Increase_with_Memory_Load_during_Retention_in_a_Short_term_Memory_Task">Oscillations in the Alpha Band (9-12 Hz) Increase with Memory Load during Retention in a Short-term Memory Task</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49593578" href="https://princeton.academia.edu/JackGelfand">Jack Gelfand</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cerebral Cortex, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Oscillations in the Alpha Band (9-12 Hz) Increase with Memory Load during Retention in a Short-term Memory Task","attachmentId":46185092,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25818484/Oscillations_in_the_Alpha_Band_9_12_Hz_Increase_with_Memory_Load_during_Retention_in_a_Short_term_Memory_Task","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25818484/Oscillations_in_the_Alpha_Band_9_12_Hz_Increase_with_Memory_Load_during_Retention_in_a_Short_term_Memory_Task"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="82063087" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82063087/The_speed_of_parietal_theta_frequency_drives_visuospatial_working_memory_capacity">The speed of parietal theta frequency drives visuospatial working memory capacity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31792475" href="https://essex.academia.edu/NicholasCooper">Nicholas Cooper</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS biology, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="100918531" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100918531/Theta_and_alpha_oscillatory_responses_differentiate_between_six_to_seven_year_old_children_and_adults_during_successful_visual_and_auditory_memory_encoding">Theta and alpha oscillatory responses differentiate between six-to seven-year-old children and adults during successful visual and auditory memory encoding</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="108721619" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Pervin%C3%87al%C4%B1%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu">Pervin Çalışoğlu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Brain Research, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Theta and alpha oscillatory responses differentiate between six-to seven-year-old children and adults during successful visual and auditory memory encoding","attachmentId":101603452,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100918531/Theta_and_alpha_oscillatory_responses_differentiate_between_six_to_seven_year_old_children_and_adults_during_successful_visual_and_auditory_memory_encoding","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100918531/Theta_and_alpha_oscillatory_responses_differentiate_between_six_to_seven_year_old_children_and_adults_during_successful_visual_and_auditory_memory_encoding"><span 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data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="100923729" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100923729/Explorations_of_Auditory_Theta_Rhythms_to_Improve_Human_Cognition">Explorations of Auditory Theta Rhythms to Improve Human Cognition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55226618" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PascaleVoelker">Pascale Voelker</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Explorations of Auditory Theta Rhythms to Improve Human 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href="https://www.academia.edu/15499504/Peak_frequency_in_the_theta_and_alpha_bands_correlates_with_human_working_memory_capacity">Peak frequency in the theta and alpha bands correlates with human working memory capacity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34649450" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/FernandoMaestu">Fernando Maestu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Peak frequency in the theta and alpha bands correlates with human working memory capacity","attachmentId":43143901,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15499504/Peak_frequency_in_the_theta_and_alpha_bands_correlates_with_human_working_memory_capacity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span 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class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2264091" href="https://swps.academia.edu/AnetaBrzezicka">Aneta Brzezicka</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28181873" href="https://nencki.academia.edu/AndrzejWrobel">Andrzej Wrobel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Short-term memory capacity (7±2) predicted by theta to gamma cycle length ratio","attachmentId":50845675,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1840640/Short_term_memory_capacity_7_2_predicted_by_theta_to_gamma_cycle_length_ratio","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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rhythms is related to an immediate recall during rey auditory verbal learning test</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31865871" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClaudioBabiloni">Claudio Babiloni</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23604162" href="https://brescia-it.academia.edu/GiovanniMirabella">Giovanni Mirabella</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Human Brain Mapping, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hippocampal, amygdala, and neocortical synchronization of theta rhythms is related to an immediate recall during rey auditory verbal learning 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data-author-id="177445572" href="https://flsouthern.academia.edu/BrookeRoberts">Brooke Roberts</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cognitive Neuroscience, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of oscillatory tDCS targeting left prefrontal cortex on source memory retrieval","attachmentId":93622648,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89914563/Impact_of_oscillatory_tDCS_targeting_left_prefrontal_cortex_on_source_memory_retrieval","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuroscience Letters, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Brain oscillations and human memory: EEG correlates in the upper alpha and theta band","attachmentId":47519129,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10123251/Brain_oscillations_and_human_memory_EEG_correlates_in_the_upper_alpha_and_theta_band","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10123251/Brain_oscillations_and_human_memory_EEG_correlates_in_the_upper_alpha_and_theta_band"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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