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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earlier_adoption_of_external_storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earlier_adoption_of_external_storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Earlier adoption of external storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earlier_adoption_of_external_storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_external_storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_external_storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types of external storage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_external_storage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of external storage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_external_storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paper_data_storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paper_data_storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Paper data storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paper_data_storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnetic_storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnetic_storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Magnetic storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnetic_storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Optical_storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optical_storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Optical storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optical_storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Compact_disc" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compact_disc"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Compact disc</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compact_disc-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DVD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DVD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>DVD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DVD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blu-ray" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blu-ray"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Blu-ray</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blu-ray-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-M-DISC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M-DISC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>M-DISC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M-DISC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flash_memory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flash_memory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Flash memory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flash_memory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Memory_card" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memory_card"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Memory card</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memory_card-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memory_stick" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memory_stick"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Memory stick</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memory_stick-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-USB_drives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#USB_drives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>USB drives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-USB_drives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solid-state_drive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solid-state_drive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.4</span> <span>Solid-state drive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solid-state_drive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4lised_salvestusseadmed" title="Välised salvestusseadmed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Välised salvestusseadmed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyimpanan_eksternal" title="Penyimpanan eksternal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penyimpanan eksternal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/External_storage" title="Special:EditPage/External storage">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22External+storage%22">"External storage"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22External+storage%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22External+storage%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22External+storage%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22External+storage%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22External+storage%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is missing information</b> about life span of all types of media.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:External_storage" title="Talk:External storage">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about external storage devices. For external storage in the context of data structures, see <a href="/wiki/Reference_(computer_science)#External_and_internal_storage" title="Reference (computer science)">External and internal storage</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, <b>external storage</b> refers to <a href="/wiki/Non-volatile_memory" title="Non-volatile memory">non-volatile</a> (secondary) <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">data storage</a> outside a <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a>'s own internal <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a>, and thus can be readily disconnected and accessed elsewhere. Such storage devices may refer to <a href="/wiki/Removable_media" title="Removable media">removable media</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Paper_data_storage" title="Paper data storage">punched paper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnetic-tape_data_storage" title="Magnetic-tape data storage">magnetic tape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">optical disc</a>), compact <a href="/wiki/Flash_drive" title="Flash drive">flash drives</a> (<a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Memory_card" title="Memory card">memory card</a>), <a href="/wiki/Portable_storage_device" title="Portable storage device">portable storage devices</a> (external <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disk_enclosure" title="Disk enclosure">enclosured</a> <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drive</a>), or <a href="/wiki/Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">network-attached storage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_FlashSystem_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_FlashSystem-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">Web</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Cloud_storage" title="Cloud storage">cloud storage</a> is the latest technology for external storage.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today the term external storage most commonly applies to those storage devices external to a personal computer.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terms refer to any <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">storage</a> external to the computer. </p><p>Storage as distinct from <a href="/wiki/Computer_memory" title="Computer memory">memory</a> in the early days of <a href="/wiki/Computer_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer systems">computing</a> was always external to the computer as for example in the <a href="/wiki/Punched_card" title="Punched card">punched card</a> devices and media. Today storage devices may be internal or external to a computer system. </p><p>In the 1950s, introduction of <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic tapes">magnetic tapes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drives" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard disk drives">hard disk drives</a> allowed for <a href="/wiki/Mass_storage" title="Mass storage">mass external storage</a> of information, which played the key part of the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Revolution">computer revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially all external storage, tape and hard disk drives are today available as both internal and external storage. </p><p>In the 1964 removable disk media was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/IBM_2310" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 2310">IBM 2310</a> disk drive with its 2315 cartridge used in <a href="/wiki/IBM_1800" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 1800">IBM 1800</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM_1130" title="IBM 1130">IBM 1130</a> computers.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Magnetic disk media is today not removable; however disk devices and media such as <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_drive" title="Optical disc drive">optical disc drives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">optical discs</a> are available both as internal storage and external storage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlanchette20111050_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlanchette20111050-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Earlier_adoption_of_external_storage">Earlier adoption of external storage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Earlier adoption of external storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a consequence of rapid development of electronic computers, capability for integration of existing input, output, and storage devices was a determinant factor in their adoption.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlanchette20111050_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlanchette20111050-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/IBM_650" title="IBM 650">IBM 650</a> was a first mass-produced electronic computer that encompassed wide range of existing in technologies for input-output and memory devices, and it also included tape-to-card and card-to-tape conversion units.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlanchette20111050_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlanchette20111050-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier "transportable personal storage" was introduced by <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>'s 2315 <a href="/wiki/ROM_cartridge" title="ROM cartridge">disk cartridges</a>, which were used in <a href="/wiki/IBM_1800" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 1800">IBM 1800</a> and <a href="/wiki/IBM_1130" title="IBM 1130">IBM 1130</a> computers.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Operating systems of the earlier 1960s provided a general-purpose <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a> for external storage, which included <a href="/wiki/Directory_(computing)" title="Directory (computing)">hierarchical directories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_links" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolic links">symbolic links</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Access_control#Computer_security" title="Access control">access control</a> to <a href="/wiki/Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">time-sharing</a> <a href="/wiki/Mainframe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainframe">mainframe</a> computers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlanchette20111050-1051_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlanchette20111050-1051-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of such earlier examples include <a href="/wiki/UNIVAC" title="UNIVAC">UNIVAC</a>, <a href="/wiki/MULTICS" class="mw-redirect" title="MULTICS">MULTICS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlanchette20111051_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlanchette20111051-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_external_storage">Types of external storage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types of external storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paper_data_storage">Paper data storage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Paper data storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punched_tape" title="Punched tape">Punched tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punched_card" title="Punched card">Punched card</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnetic_storage">Magnetic storage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Magnetic storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape_data_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic tape data storage">Magnetic tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">External hard disk drives</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optical_storage">Optical storage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Optical storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Optical storage devices have media that use laser light technology for data storage and retrieval. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compact_disc">Compact disc</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Compact disc"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Types of <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">Compact Discs</a> (CDs) include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a>: (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) It can only be read through the drive. And are usually manufactured by in bulk by a stamp type system.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-R" title="CD-R">CD-R</a>: (Compact Disc Recordable) was invented in the 1990s. Using CD-R, it is possible to write data once on a disc at home without the stamping equipment required for CD-ROMs. These are considered write once, read many disks.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-RW" title="CD-RW">CD-RW</a>: (Compact Disc Re-Writable) same as the CD-R but can be erased and reused. There is a limit on how many times a CD-RW can be written. Presently this limit is 1,000 times. CD-RW drives are compatible with CD-ROM and CD-R.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="DVD">DVD</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: DVD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> stands for Digital Versatile Disc. Its speed is much faster than CD but not as fast as hard disk. The standard DVD-5 technology has a storage capacity of 4.7 GB per layer; most DVDs have a single layer but up to four layers are specified. Also <a href="/wiki/DVD#Capacity" title="DVD">DVD storage capacity</a> changes with recording format. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Blu-ray"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> storage capacity is up to 50 gigabytes (or even 100 GB) of data.<sup id="cite_ref-bluraydisccom_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bluraydisccom-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Blu-ray Disc (BD) is a digital optical disc format. It was originally created to take the place of the DVD format due to its expanded storage capacity. The name "Blu-ray" is derived from the use of a blue laser that is used to read the disc. This would be in contrast to the red laser used to read DVD Discs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="M-DISC">M-DISC</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: M-DISC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/M-Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="M-Disc">M-Discs</a> are available as DVD or Blu-ray discs. They are supposed to preserve data up to 1,000 years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flash_memory">Flash memory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Flash memory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Memory_card">Memory card</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Memory card"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Memory cards are flash memory storage media used to store digital information in many electronics products. The types of memory cards include: <a href="/wiki/CompactFlash" title="CompactFlash">CompactFlash</a>, <a href="/wiki/PCMCIA" title="PCMCIA">PCMCIA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secure_digital_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure digital card">secure digital card</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Multimedia card">multimedia card</a>, <a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">memory stick</a>, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Memory_stick">Memory stick</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Memory stick"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sony introduced memory stick standard in 1998. Memory stick is an integrated circuit designed to serve as a storage and transfer medium for digital data. It can store data in various form as text, graphics, digital images etc. transfer of data is possible between devices having memory stick slots. Memory sticks are available in various storage sizes ranging from 4 GB to 64 GB. The dimensions of a memory stick are 50 mm long, 21.5 mm wide and 2.8 mm thick (in case of pro format). The transfer speed of memory stick is 160 Mbit/s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="USB_drives">USB drives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: USB drives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drive</a>, also variously known as a, thumb drive, pen drive, jump drive, disk key, disk on key, flash-drive, memory stick or USB memory, is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated USB interface. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Solid-state_drive">Solid-state drive</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Solid-state drive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Portable <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drive</a> (SSD) is a common <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_storage" title="Solid-state storage">solid-state storage</a> device that uses <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> cells on <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> assemblies for <a href="/wiki/Mass_storage" title="Mass storage">mass storage</a>. Compared to hard disk drives and similar electromechanical <a href="/wiki/Disk_storage" title="Disk storage">disk storage</a> that use moving physical parts to spin a <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive_platter" title="Hard disk drive platter">platter</a> or <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">disc</a>, SSDs are typically more compact, quieter, more resistant to physical shock, and have higher <a href="/wiki/Input/output_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Input/output rate">input/output rates</a>, lower <a href="/wiki/Latency_(engineering)" title="Latency (engineering)">latency</a><sup id="cite_ref-dell-study_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dell-study-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and less <a href="/wiki/Power_consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Power consumption">power consumption</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disk_enclosure" title="Disk enclosure">Disk enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">Solid-state drive</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=External_storage&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IBM_FlashSystem-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IBM_FlashSystem_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/flashsystem-9x00/8.2.x?topic=overview-external-storage-systems">"External storage systems"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 3 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220330030316/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/flashsystem-9x00/8.2.x?topic=overview-external-storage-systems">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=External+storage+systems&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=2021-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fflashsystem-9x00%2F8.2.x%3Ftopic%3Doverview-external-storage-systems&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+storage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuawei_Technologies_Co.2023" class="citation cs2">Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., ed. 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Computer Language Co Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2022</span>. <q>A hard drive, optical disc or solid-state drive (SSD) that resides outside of the computer's case</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PCMag+Encyclopedia+external+storage&rft.pub=Computer+Language+Co+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Fencyclopedia%2Fterm%2Fexternal-storage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+storage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/memory-storage/">"Timeline of Computer History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220324051706/https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/memory-storage/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlanchette2011" class="citation journal cs1">Blanchette, Jean-François (20 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fasi.21542">"A material history of bits"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Association_for_Information_Science_and_Technology" title="Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology">Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology</a></i>. <b>62</b> (6): 1042–1057. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fasi.21542">10.1002/asi.21542</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Association+for+Information+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=A+material+history+of+bits&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1042-1057&rft.date=2011-04-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fasi.21542&rft.aulast=Blanchette&rft.aufirst=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fasi.21542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExternal+storage" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage#Uncommon" title="Computer data storage">Uncommon storage technologies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage#Robotic_storage" title="Computer data storage">Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAID" title="RAID">RAID</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Network storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage#Network_connectivity" title="Computer data storage">Networked storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_server" title="File server">File server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">Network-attached storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_area_network" title="Storage area network">Storage area network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><hr /> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Magnetic_storage_media" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Magnetic_storage_media" title="Template:Magnetic storage media"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Magnetic_storage_media" title="Template talk:Magnetic storage media"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Magnetic_storage_media" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Magnetic storage media"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Magnetic_storage_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_storage" title="Magnetic storage">Magnetic storage</a> media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wire_recording" title="Wire recording">Wire</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">Tape</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_memory" title="Drum memory">Drum</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic-core_memory" title="Magnetic-core memory">Ferrite core</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">Hard disk</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_stripe_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic stripe card">Stripe card</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">MICR</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin-film_memory" title="Thin-film memory">Thin film</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCR_CRAM" title="NCR CRAM">CRAM</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twistor_memory" title="Twistor memory">Twistor</a> (~1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_memory" title="Bubble memory">Bubble</a> (~1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetoresistive_random-access_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetoresistive random-access memory">MRAM</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racetrack_memory" title="Racetrack memory">Racetrack</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Optical_storage_media" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Optical_storage_media" title="Template:Optical storage media"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Optical_storage_media" title="Template talk:Optical storage media"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Optical_storage_media" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Optical storage media"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Optical_storage_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Optical_storage" title="Optical storage">Optical storage</a> media</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> (2006)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_recordable" title="Blu-ray Disc recordable">BD-R</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_recordable" title="Blu-ray Disc recordable">BD-RE</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_recordable" title="Blu-ray Disc recordable">BD-R XL</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc_recordable" title="Blu-ray Disc recordable">BD-RE XL</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_Disc" title="Professional Disc">Professional Disc</a> (2003)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Disc#Professional_Disc_for_Data_(PDD)" title="Professional Disc">PDD</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> (1995)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVD_recordable" title="DVD recordable">DVD-R</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-RW" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD-RW">DVD-RW</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD%2BRW" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD+RW">DVD+RW</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD%2BR" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD+R">DVD+R</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD%2BR_DL" title="DVD+R DL">DVD+R DL</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-R_DL" title="DVD-R DL">DVD-R DL</a> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">Compact disc</a> (1982)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD-R" title="CD-R">CD-R</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-i" title="CD-i">CD-i</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-RW" title="CD-RW">CD-RW</a> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microform" title="Microform">Microform</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_tape" title="Optical tape">Optical tape</a> (20th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical disc</a> (20th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_once_read_many" title="Write once read many">WORM</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GD-ROM" title="GD-ROM">GD-ROM</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIL-CD" class="mw-redirect" title="MIL-CD">MIL-CD</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DataPlay" title="DataPlay">DataPlay</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Density_Optical" title="Ultra Density Optical">UDO</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Disc" title="Professional Disc">ProData</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">UMD</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magneto-optic_Kerr_effect" title="Magneto-optic Kerr effect">Magneto-optic Kerr effect</a> (1877)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magneto-optical_drive" title="Magneto-optical drive">MO disc</a> (1980s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MD_Data" title="MD Data">MD Data</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-MD" title="Hi-MD">Hi-MD</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Optical Assist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laser_turntable" title="Laser turntable">Laser turntable</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floptical" title="Floptical">Floptical</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">Super DLT</a> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Paper_data_storage_media" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paper_data_storage_media" title="Template:Paper data storage media"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paper_data_storage_media" title="Template talk:Paper data storage media"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paper_data_storage_media" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paper data storage media"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Paper_data_storage_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paper_data_storage" title="Paper data storage">Paper data storage</a> media</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">Writing</a> on <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a> (c. 3000 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a> (105 CE)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_card" title="Index card">Index card</a> (1640s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punched_tape" title="Punched tape">Punched tape</a> (mid-1800s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punched_card" title="Punched card">Punched card</a> (1880s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge-notched_card" title="Edge-notched card">Edge-notched card</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_mark_recognition" title="Optical mark 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