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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tarih" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarih"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tarih</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tarih-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Tarih alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tarih-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Osmanlı_ile_İlişkiler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osmanlı_ile_İlişkiler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Osmanlı ile İlişkiler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osmanlı_ile_İlişkiler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coğrafya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coğrafya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Coğrafya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coğrafya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nüfusu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nüfusu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nüfusu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nüfusu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Galeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayrıca_bakınız" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayrıca_bakınız"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ayrıca bakınız</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayrıca_bakınız-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="İçindekiler" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Çad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 253 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-253" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">253 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Abhazca" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abhazca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Açece" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Açece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Adigece" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adigece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsjad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad - İsviçre Almancası" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="İsviçre Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BB%E1%8B%B5" title="ቻድ - Amharca" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቻድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Aragonca" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cead" title="Cead - Eski İngilizce" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cead" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Eski İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Obolo dili" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A1" title="चैड - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चैड" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="تشاد - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشاد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AB%DC%90%DC%95" title="ܬܫܐܕ - Aramice" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܫܐܕ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="تشاد - Fas Arapçası" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تشاد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Fas Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="تشاد - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشاد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="চাদ - Assamca" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcada" title="Tcada - Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Tcada" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="چاد - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چاد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Başkırtça" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Başkırtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Bali dili" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad - Bavyera dili" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavyera dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cads" title="Čads - Samogitçe" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čads" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsad" title="Tsad - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tsad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cad" title="Cad - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Cad" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Banjar Dili" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cad" title="Cad - Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Cad" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="চাদ - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆཱ་ཌ། - Tibetçe" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆཱ་ཌ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="চাদ - Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চাদ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad - Bretonca" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txad" title="Txad - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Txad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Çeçence" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Çeçence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%9Bad" title="Tśad - Sebuano dili" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tśad" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Sebuano dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A3%E1%8F%97" title="ᏣᏗ - Çerokice" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏣᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Çerokice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="چاد - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چاد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad - Korsikaca" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad - Kırım Tatarcası" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çad" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Kırım Tatarcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Çuvaşça" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Çuvaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiad" title="Tsiad - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cad" title="Cad - Dinka dili" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Cad" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çad" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ad" title="Tšad - Aşağı Sorbça" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Tšad" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Sorbça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%9D%DE%A7%DE%8B%DE%AA" title="ޝާދު - Divehi dili" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޝާދު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyadi" title="Tsyadi - Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Tsyadi" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Τσαντ - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσαντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ado" title="Ĉado - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1aad" title="Tšaad - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšaad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txad" title="Txad - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txad" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Ekstremadura Dili" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Ekstremadura Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="چاد - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caadi" title="Caadi - Fula dili" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Caadi" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="önerilen madde"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ad" title="Tšad - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšad" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1aad" title="Tšaad - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tšaad" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjad" title="Kjad - Faroe dili" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kjad" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad - Arpitanca" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad - Kuzey Frizce" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Frizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjaad" title="Tsjaad - Batı Frizcesi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsjaad" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Batı Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sead" title="Sead - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sead" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad - Gagavuzca" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Çad" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagavuzca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_t-Siad" title="An t-Siad - İskoç Gaelcesi" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An t-Siad" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="İskoç Gaelcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A1de" title="Cháde - Guarani dili" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Cháde" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%85%E0%AA%A1" title="ચૅડ - Güceratça" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચૅડ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Güceratça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shad" title="Shad - Man dili" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shad" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Man dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadi" title="Cadi - Hausa dili" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Cadi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Hakka Çincesi" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%93" title="צ'אד - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'אד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Fiji Hintçesi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hintçesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad - Yukarı Sorbça" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Yukarı Sorbça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad - Haiti Kreyolu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti Kreyolu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cs%C3%A1d" title="Csád - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csád" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Չադ - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad - İnterlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="İnterlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - İbo dili" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="İbo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjad" title="Tjad - İzlandaca" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tjad" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="İzlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%89" title="チャド - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Jamaika Patois Dili" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaika Patois Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tcad" title="tcad - Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tcad" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Cava dili" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Cava dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჩადი - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Karakalpakça" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%8Dad" title="Ččad - Kabiliyece" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ččad" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabiliyece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caad%C9%A9" title="Caadɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Caadɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caad" title="Caad - Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Caad" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasadi" title="Tasadi - Kongo dili" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Tasadi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8A" title="ឆាដ - Khmer dili" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆាដ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಚಾಡ್ - Kannada dili" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಾಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EB%93%9C" title="차드 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="차드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad - Kürtçe" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çad" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Kernevekçe" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kernevekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Kırgızca" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kırgızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzadia" title="Tzadia - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tzadia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad - Lüksemburgca" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lüksemburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txad" title="Txad - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Txad" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjaad" title="Tsjaad - Limburgca" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tsjaad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad - Ligurca" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad - Lombardça" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsadi" title="Tsadi - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Tsadi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ປະເທດຊາດ - Lao dili" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຊາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cadas" title="Čadas - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čadas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cada" title="Čada - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čada" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Madura Dili" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Mokşa dili" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mokşa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsady" title="Tsady - Malgaşça" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tsady" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81ta" title="Kāta - Maori dili" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kāta" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9B%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഛാഡ് - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഛാഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%97_(%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B)" title="ꯆꯥꯗ (ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ) - Manipuri dili" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯆꯥꯗ (ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ)" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड - Marathi dili" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Ova Çirmişçesi" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Ova Çirmişçesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aad" title="Ċad - Maltaca" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ċad" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xade" title="Xade - Miranda dili" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Xade" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%92%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ချဒ်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ - Birman dili" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချဒ်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birman dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="چاد - Mazenderanca" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چاد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazenderanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjaad" title="Tsjaad - Aşağı Saksonca" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tsjaad" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Saksonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड - Nepalce" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड - Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjaad" title="Tsjaad - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsjaad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsjad" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsjad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Kuzey Sotho dili" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Sotho dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9%C3%ADb%C4%85%C4%85h_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Séíbąąh Dineʼé Bikéyah - Navaho dili" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Séíbąąh Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navaho dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaad" title="Chaad - Oromo dili" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Chaad" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Osetçe" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osetçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1" title="ਚਾਡ - Pencapça" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਾਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pencapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhad" title="Jhad - Pangasinan dili" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Jhad" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsad" title="Tsad - Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tsad" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Nijerya Pidgin dili" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nijerya Pidgin dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड - Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czad" title="Czad - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czad" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad - Piyemontece" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piyemontece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%DA%88" title="چاڈ - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چاڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="چاد - Peştuca" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چاد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Peştuca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chade" title="Chade - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat" title="Chat - Keçuva dili" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chat" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Keçuva dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad - Romanşça" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romanşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Rusince" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cade" title="Cade - Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Cade" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1" title="चाड - Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चाड" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Yakutça" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱪᱟᱫᱽ - Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱟᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A0d" title="Ciàd - Sardunya dili" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ciàd" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardunya dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad - Sicilyaca" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - İskoçça" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="İskoçça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%DA%8A" title="چاڊ - Sindhi dili" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چاڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Kuzey Laponcası" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Laponcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2de" title="Sâde - Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Sâde" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcad" title="Tcad - Taşelit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tcad" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Taşelit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BB%E1%81%A2%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းၶျၢတ်ႈ - Shan dili" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၶျၢတ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%91%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="චෑඩ් - Sinhali dili" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චෑඩ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Samoa dili" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ad" title="Tšad - İnari Laponcası" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tšad" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="İnari Laponcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadhi" title="Chadhi - Şona dili" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chadhi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Şona dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jad" title="Jad - Somalice" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87adi" title="Çadi - Arnavutça" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çadi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Arnavutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IShedi" title="IShedi - Sisvati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IShedi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Sisvati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Güney Sotho dili" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Güney Sotho dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschad" title="Tschad - Saterland Frizcesi" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tschad" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Sunda dili" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czad" title="Czad - Silezyaca" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czad" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="சாட் - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சாட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D" title="చాద్ - Telugu dili" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చాద్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xade" title="Xade - Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Xade" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Tacikçe" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tacikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94" title="ประเทศชาด - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศชาด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" title="Çad - Türkmence" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Çad" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Türkmence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Tagalogca" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalogca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cad" title="Cad - Talışça" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Cad" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talışça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Tatarca" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Udmurtça" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="چاد - Uygurca" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چاد" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uygurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Чад - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чад" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%DA%88" title="چاڈ - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چاڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad" title="Ciad - Venedikçe" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ciad" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venedikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cad" title="Čad - Veps dili" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchad" title="Tchad - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tchad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad - Batı Flamanca" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Tsjad" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Batı Flamanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjad%C3%A4n" title="Tjadän - Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tjadän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchade" title="Tchade - Valonca" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchade" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Valonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadd" title="Cadd - Volofça" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Cadd" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Volofça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乍得" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჩადი - Megrelce" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Megrelce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%93_(%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93)" title="טשאד (לאנד) - Yidiş" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשאד (לאנד)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yidiş" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsad" title="Tsad - Yorubaca" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tsad" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yorubaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Zhuangca" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuangca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjaod" title="Tsjaod - Zelandaca" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tsjaod" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zelandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%9B%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7" title="ⵜⵛⴰⴷ - Standart Fas Tamazigti" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵛⴰⴷ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standart Fas Tamazigti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乍得" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得 - Edebi Çince" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="乍得" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Edebi Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad" title="Chad - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chad" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97" title="乍得 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="乍得" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITshedi" title="ITshedi - Zuluca" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITshedi" data-language-autonym="İsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zuluca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Diğer projelerde </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tchad" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikinews.org/wiki/Kategori:%C3%87ad" hreflang="tr"><span>Vikihaber</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikiquote.org/wiki/%C3%87ad" hreflang="tr"><span>Vikisöz</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q657" title="Veri havuzundaki ilgili ögeye bağlantı [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiveri ögesi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28603389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Çad</div><div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;"><span style="font-size:110%;">جمهورية تشاد</span>  <small>(<a href="/wiki/Arap%C3%A7a" title="Arapça">Arapça</a>)</small><br /><span style="font-size:90%;"><span title="Arapça harf çevirisi" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Jumhūriyyat Tšād</span></span><br />République du Tchad  <small>(<a href="/wiki/Frans%C4%B1zca" title="Fransızca">Fransızca</a>)</small><br /><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Çad Cumhuriyeti</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Flag_of_Chad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Çad bayrağı"><img alt="Çad bayrağı" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/125px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/188px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/250px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ad_bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Çad bayrağı">Bayrak</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Çad arması"><img alt="{{{arma_açıklaması}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ad_armas%C4%B1" title="Çad arması">Arma</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:1.3em;" align="center"><b>Slogan</b><br /><div class="plainlist" style=""><ul><li>"Unité, Travail, Progrès"  <small>(<a href="/wiki/Frans%C4%B1zca" title="Fransızca">Fransızca</a>)</small></li><li>الاتحاد، العمل، التقدم  <small>(<a href="/wiki/Arap%C3%A7a" title="Arapça">Arapça</a>)</small></li><li>"Birlik, İş, İlerleme"</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data marş"><div style="line-height:1.7em;" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_mar%C5%9F" title="Millî marş">Millî marş</a></b><br /><div class="plainlist" style=""><ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/La_Tchadienne" title="La Tchadienne">La Tchadienne</a>"  <small>(<a href="/wiki/Frans%C4%B1zca" title="Fransızca">Fransızca</a>)</small></li><li>نشيد تشاد الوطني  <small>(<a href="/wiki/Arap%C3%A7a" title="Arapça">Arapça</a>)</small></li><li>"Çad Şarkısı"</li></ul></div><div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="62" data-mwtitle="La_Tchadienne_(instrumental).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/La_Tchadienne_%28instrumental%29.ogg/La_Tchadienne_%28instrumental%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/La_Tchadienne_%28instrumental%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Tchadienne_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Tchadienne_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Tchadienne_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Tchadienne_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Chad_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Çad haritadaki konumu"><img alt="Çad haritadaki konumu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Chad_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Chad_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Chad_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Chad_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Başkent<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">ve en büyük şehir</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Encemine" title="Encemine">Encemine</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32637432">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=tr:%C3%87ad&params=12_6_N_15_2_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Bu konum için haritalar, havadan fotoğraflar ve diğer veriler"><span class="latitude">12°6′K</span> <span class="longitude">15°2′D</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Bu konum için haritalar, hava fotoğrafı ve diğer veriler">12.100°K 15.033°D</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.100; 15.033</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resmî dil(ler)</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="hlist hlist-separated" style="display:inline-block;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arap%C3%A7a" title="Arapça">Arapça</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Frans%C4%B1zca" title="Fransızca">Fransızca</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Etnik_grup" title="Etnik grup">Etnik gruplar</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (2009 nüfus sayımı<sup id="cite_ref-recensement2009_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recensement2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist" style=""><ul><li>%26,6 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saralar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saralar (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sara</a></li><li>%12,9 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baggara_Araplar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baggara Arapları (sayfa mevcut değil)">Arap</a></li><li>%8,5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanembular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanembular (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kanembu</a></li><li>%7,2 <a href="/wiki/Masalitler" title="Masalitler">Masalit</a></li><li>%6,9 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Touboular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Touboular (sayfa mevcut değil)">Toubou</a></li><li>%4,8 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masalar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masalar (sayfa mevcut değil)">Masa</a></li><li>%3,7 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidiyolar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bidiyolar (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bidiyo</a></li><li>%3,7 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilalalar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilalalar (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bulala</a></li><li>%3 <a href="/wiki/Mabalar" title="Mabalar">Maba</a></li><li>%2,6 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dajular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dajular (sayfa mevcut değil)">Daju</a></li><li>%2,5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mundanglar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mundanglar (sayfa mevcut değil)">Mundang</a></li><li>%2,4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Gabri</a></li><li>%2,4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaghavalar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaghavalar (sayfa mevcut değil)">Zaghava</a></li><li>%2,1 <a href="/wiki/Fulan%C3%AEler" title="Fulanîler">Fulanî</a></li><li>%2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupuriler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupuriler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tupuri</a></li><li>%1,6 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamalar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamalar (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tama</a></li><li>%1,4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karolar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karolar (sayfa mevcut değil)">Karo</a></li><li>1,3 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagirmiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagirmiler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bagirmi</a></li><li>%1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masmajeler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masmajeler (sayfa mevcut değil)">Masmaje</a></li><li>%2,6 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad%27da_etnik_gruplar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çad'da etnik gruplar (sayfa mevcut değil)">Diğer</a></li><li>%0,7 Yabancılar</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonim" title="Demonim">Demonim</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ad_demografisi" title="Çad demografisi">Çadlı</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hükûmet</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cniter" class="mw-redirect" title="Üniter">Üniter</a> <a href="/wiki/Yar%C4%B1_ba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1k_sistemi" title="Yarı başkanlık sistemi">yarı başkanlık</a> <a href="/wiki/Cumhuriyet" title="Cumhuriyet">cumhuriyeti</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389" /><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ad_devlet_ba%C5%9Fkanlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Çad devlet başkanları listesi">Cumhurbaşkanı</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mahamat_%C4%B0driss_D%C3%A9by" title="Mahamat İdriss Déby">Mahamat İdriss Déby</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ad_ba%C5%9Fbakanlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Çad başbakanları listesi">Başbakan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allamaye_Halina" title="Allamaye Halina">Allamaye Halina</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Yasama organı</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulusal_Ge%C3%A7i%C5%9F_Konseyi_(%C3%87ad)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulusal Geçiş Konseyi (Çad) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ulusal Geçiş Konseyi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a>'dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad_tarihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çad tarihi (sayfa mevcut değil)">bağımsızlık</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389" /><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans%C4%B1z_%C3%87ad%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fransız Çadı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Koloninin</a> kuruluşu </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 Eylül 1900</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Özerklik verildi </div></th><td class="infobox-data">28 Kasım 1958</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Bağımsızlık ilanı </div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 Ağustos 1960</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Yüzölçümü</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Toplam</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.300.000 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Y%C3%BCz%C3%B6l%C3%A7%C3%BCmlerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Yüzölçümlerine göre ülkeler listesi">20</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Su (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,9</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ad_demografisi" title="Çad demografisi">Nüfus</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 2024 tahminî</div></th><td class="infobox-data">19.093.595<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCfuslar%C4%B1na_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nüfuslarına göre ülkeler listesi">66</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Yoğunluk</div></th><td class="infobox-data">14,4/km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gayri_safi_yurt_i%C3%A7i_has%C4%B1la" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayri safi yurt içi hasıla">GSYİH</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Sat%C4%B1n_alma_g%C3%BCc%C3%BC_paritesi" title="Satın alma gücü paritesi">SAGP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 tahminî</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Toplam</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="artış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $32,375 milyar<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.TD_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.TD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Sat%C4%B1n_alma_g%C3%BCc%C3%BC_paritelerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Satın alma gücü paritelerine göre ülkeler listesi">147</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kişi başına</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="artış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $1806<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.TD_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.TD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ki%C5%9Fi_ba%C5%9F%C4%B1na_sat%C4%B1n_alma_g%C3%BCc%C3%BC_paritelerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Kişi başına satın alma gücü paritelerine göre ülkeler listesi">178</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gayri_safi_yurt_i%C3%A7i_has%C4%B1la" class="mw-redirect" title="Gayri safi yurt içi hasıla">GSYİH</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 tahminî</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Toplam</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="artış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $12,596 milyar<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.TD_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.TD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Nominal_GSY%C4%B0H_de%C4%9Ferlerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Nominal GSYİH değerlerine göre ülkeler listesi">145</a>.)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kişi başına</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="artış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $702<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.TD_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.TD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ki%C5%9Fi_ba%C5%9F%C4%B1na_nominal_GSY%C4%B0H_de%C4%9Ferlerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Kişi başına nominal GSYİH değerlerine göre ülkeler listesi">183</a>.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_katsay%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Gini katsayısı">Gini</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2018)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">37.5<sup id="cite_ref-wb-gini_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33633371">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">orta</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nsani_Geli%C5%9Fme_Endeksi" title="İnsani Gelişme Endeksi">İGE</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="artış" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.394<sup id="cite_ref-UNHDR_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33633371" /><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">düşük</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nsani_Geli%C5%9Fme_Endeksi%27ne_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="İnsani Gelişme Endeksi'ne göre ülkeler listesi">189.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Para birimi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orta_Afrika_CFA_frang%C4%B1" title="Orta Afrika CFA frangı">CFA frangı</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">XAF</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Zaman dilimi</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/E%C5%9Fg%C3%BCd%C3%BCml%C3%BC_Evrensel_Zaman" title="Eşgüdümlü Evrensel Zaman">UTC</a>+1</span> (<a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Afrika_Saati" title="Batı Afrika Saati">BAS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sa%C4%9Fdan_ve_soldan_akan_trafik" title="Sağdan ve soldan akan trafik">Trafik akışı</a></th><td class="infobox-data">sağ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telefon kodu</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%2B235&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="+235 (sayfa mevcut değil)">+235</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 kodu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:TD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:TD (sayfa mevcut değil)">TD</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nternet_%C3%BCst_seviye_alan_adlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="İnternet üst seviye alan adları listesi">İnternet alan adı</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.td" title=".td">.td</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Çad</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arap%C3%A7a" title="Arapça">Arapça</a>: <span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="ltr">تشاد</span>; <a href="/wiki/Frans%C4%B1zca" title="Fransızca">Fransızca</a>: <span class="lang-fr" lang="fr" dir="ltr">Tchad</span>), resmi adıyla <b>Çad Cumhuriyeti</b>, <a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Afrika" title="Kuzey Afrika">Kuzey</a>-<a href="/wiki/Orta_Afrika" title="Orta Afrika">Orta Afrika</a>'da <a href="/wiki/Denize_k%C4%B1y%C4%B1s%C4%B1_olmayan_%C3%BClkeler" title="Denize kıyısı olmayan ülkeler">denize kıyısı olmayan bir ülkedir</a>. Kuzeyde <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, doğuda <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, güneyde <a href="/wiki/Orta_Afrika_Cumhuriyeti" title="Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti">Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti</a>, güneybatıda <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Nijerya" title="Nijerya">Nijerya</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%87ad_G%C3%B6l%C3%BC" title="Çad Gölü">Çad Gölü</a>), batıda ise <a href="/wiki/Nijer" title="Nijer">Nijer</a> ile komşudur. </p><p>Kuzeyde <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6l" title="Çöl">çöl</a> bölgesi, merkezde yarı-kurak <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> kuşağı ve güneyde daha verimli olan <a href="/wiki/Sudan_(b%C3%B6lge)" title="Sudan (bölge)">Sudan Savanı</a> bölgesi Çad'ın başlıca bölgeleridir. Ülkenin ismini aldığı <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ad_G%C3%B6l%C3%BC" title="Çad Gölü">Çad Gölü</a>, Çad'ın en büyük ve Afrika'nın ikinci büyük <a href="/wiki/Sulak_alan" title="Sulak alan">sulak alanıdır</a>. Başkent <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" class="mw-redirect" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a> en büyük <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ad%27daki_%C5%9Fehirler_listesi" title="Çad'daki şehirler listesi">şehirdir</a>. Resmi diller <a href="/wiki/Arap%C3%A7a" title="Arapça">Arapça</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Frans%C4%B1zca" title="Fransızca">Fransızcadır</a>. Ülke 200'den fazla etnik ve dilsel topluluğa ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. İslam (%51.8) ve Hristiyanlık (44.1%) en yaygın iki dindir.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MÖ 7. binyıldan başlayarak büyük insan grupları Çad havzasına göç ettiler. MS 1. binyılın sonlarına dek Çad'ın Sahel kuşağından geçen <a href="/wiki/Trans_Sahra_ticareti" title="Trans Sahra ticareti">trans Sahra ticaret yollarını</a> ele geçirmeye çalışan birçok imparatorluk kuruldu ve yıkıldı. </p><p>Bölge 1920'de Fransa'nın egemenliğine girdi ve <a href="/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_Ekvatoral_Afrikas%C4%B1" title="Fransız Ekvatoral Afrikası">Fransız Ekvatoral Afrikası</a>'na dahil edildi. 1960'ta <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Tombalbaye" title="François Tombalbaye">François Tombalbaye</a> liderliğinde bağımsızlık ilan edildi. Tombalbaye'nin Müslüman kuzeye yönelik politikalarına duyulan öfke 1965'te uzun süren bir iç savaşın patlak vermesine yol açtı. 1979'da isyancılar başkenti ele geçirdi ve Güney'in hegemonyasına son verdi. Ancak ayaklanma liderleri arasında yeni bir savaş <a href="/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9" title="Hissène Habré">Hissène Habré</a>'nin rakiplerini yenmesine kadar sürdü. 1978'de Libya'nın saldırısıyla başlayan Çad-Libya Savaşı Fransız askeri müdahalesiyle 1987'de son buldu. Hissène Habré de 1990'da general <a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a> tarafından devrildi. 1991'de Fransız desteğiyle <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ad_Ordusu" class="mw-redirect" title="Çad Ordusu">Çad silahlı kuvvetlerinin</a> modernizasyonu başlatıldı. 2003'ten bu yana süren Sudan'daki <a href="/wiki/Darfur_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Darfur Savaşı">Darfur sorunu</a> Çad sınırlarının içine yayıldı ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad_%C4%B0%C3%A7_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_(2005-g%C3%BCn%C3%BCm%C3%BCz)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çad İç Savaşı (2005-günümüz) (sayfa mevcut değil)">ülkenin istikrarsızlaşmasına</a> neden oldu. Zaten yoksul olan ülke ve halk, sınıra yakın bölgelerde kurulan kamplar ve çevresine yerleşen yüz binlerce Sudanlı mülteciyi ağırlama mücadelesi verdi. </p><p>Birçok siyasi parti faaliyet gösterse de Çad'da tüm güçler eski cumhurbaşkanı Déby'nin kurduğu Vatansever Kurtuluş Hareketi'nin elindedir. Ülke <a href="/wiki/Siyasal_%C5%9Fiddet" title="Siyasal şiddet">siyasal şiddet</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Asker%C3%AE_darbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Askerî darbe">darbe</a> girişimleriyle boğuşmaya devam etmektedir. Çad dünyanın <a href="/wiki/Nominal_GSY%C4%B0H_de%C4%9Ferlerine_g%C3%B6re_%C3%BClkeler_listesi" title="Nominal GSYİH değerlerine göre ülkeler listesi">en yoksul</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Yolsuzluk_Alg%C4%B1s%C4%B1_Endeksi" title="Yolsuzluk Algısı Endeksi">en yolsuz</a> ülkelerinden biridir; halkın çoğu <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%A7imlik_tar%C4%B1m" title="Geçimlik tarım">geçimlik tarım</a> ve hayvancılıkla uğraşmaktadır. <a href="/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol">Petrol</a> satışı 2003'te geleneksel pamuk endüstrisini geçerek ana ihracat kalemi olmuştur. Çad'ın insan hakları sicili zayıftır. Keyfi hapis cezaları, yargısız infazlar, hem güvenlik güçleri hem de silahlı milisler tarafından özgürlük kısıtlamaları gibi hak ihlalleri sık görülmektedir. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarih">Tarih</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Tarih" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Tarih"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti bölgelerinde bulunan arkeolojik kalıntılardan MÖ 2000 yıllarında bölgede insan yerleşimine ait kanıtlar bulunmuşsa da bilim adamları Çad'ın kuzeyinde mükemmel <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0klim" title="İklim">iklim</a> ve çevre koşulları göz önüne alarak yerleşimi MÖ 7.000 yılına dek indirmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medeniyetlerin kesişme noktası olan Çad'da arkeolojik kalıntı ve <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6zl%C3%BC_tarih" title="Sözlü tarih">sözlü tarih</a> derlemelerinden anlaşıldığı kadarıyla bilinen en eski uygarlık Sao Dönemi olup ardından Kanem İmparatorluğu kurulmuştur.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MS 1.000'li yıllara dek <a href="/wiki/Sahra" title="Sahra">Sahra</a> ticaret yollarını elinde tutan imparatorluk, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCsl%C3%BCman" title="Müslüman">Müslüman</a> <a href="/wiki/Araplar_(halk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Araplar (halk)">Araplar</a> tarafından yıkılmıştır. 20. yüzyılda Fransız sömürgesi olan ülkede <a href="/wiki/Keten" title="Keten">keten</a> üretimi teşvik edilmiştir. 11 Ağustos 1960 tarihinde bağımsızlığını kazanan ülkenin ilk <a href="/wiki/Devlet_ba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1" title="Devlet başkanı">devlet başkanı</a> Çad İlerici Partisi'nin başkanı PPT'nin lideri <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Tombalbaye" title="François Tombalbaye">François Tombalbaye</a> olmuştur.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tek parti rejiminden rahatsız olan <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCsl%C3%BCman" title="Müslüman">Müslümanlar</a> iki yıl sonra ayaklanmışlar ve ülkede <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7_sava%C5%9F" title="İç savaş">iç savaş</a> çıkmıştır. Diktatör Tombalbaye 1975 yılında tahttan indirilip öldürülmüştür.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1979'da isyancılar başkenti ele geçirince ülkede istikrar yeniden bozulmuştur. Bu dönemde Fransızların ülkedeki varlığı da tehlikeye düşmüş, ek olarak bir de <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> ordusu Çad'ı işgal girişiminde bulunmuş, Libya - Çad savaşı başlamıştır<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fransız destekli <a href="/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9" title="Hissène Habré">Hissène Habré</a>'nin seçilmesi, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> ordusunun ülkeden çıkarılması sağlanmışsa da Habre'nin <a href="/wiki/Diktat%C3%B6r" title="Diktatör">diktatörlüğünde</a> en az 40.000 kişi katledilmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Habre'nin generali <a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a>'nin 1990 yılında diktatörü devirmesiyle bugüne gelinmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2001, 2005 ve 2006 yıllarında düzenlenen başkanlık seçimlerini kazanan Debi, ülkenin tekrar iç savaşa sürüklenmesine engel olamamıştır.<a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Milletler" title="Birleşmiş Milletler">Birleşmiş Milletler</a> etnik şiddetin gittikçe arttığı ülkede <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a>'da gerçekleşen <a href="/wiki/Soyk%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="Soykırım">soykırıma</a> benzer olayların yaşanabileceğine dikkat çekmiştir.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> destekli Birleşik Değişim Cephesi gerillaları 1 Şubat 2008 günü Massaguet bölgesinde İdris Debi'ye bağlı kuvvetlere üstünlük sağlayarak 2 Şubat 2008 günü başkent <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" class="mw-redirect" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a>'ya girmiş, <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri">ABD</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a> gibi Batı ülkeleri büyükelçiliklerinin tahliye hazırlıklarına başlamışlardır.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osmanlı_ile_İlişkiler"><span id="Osmanl.C4.B1_ile_.C4.B0li.C5.9Fkiler"></span>Osmanlı ile İlişkiler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Osmanlı ile İlişkiler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Osmanlı ile İlişkiler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>18. yüzyılda Osmanlıların buradaki Müslüman nüfusa askeri eğitim vermek amaçlı birlik gönderdiği bilinmektedir. Askerlerden bazılarının dönmeyip buraya yerleştiği ve günümüzde Osmanlı torunu olduklarını söyleyen insanlar bulunduğu söylenmektedir.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fizan" title="Fizan">Fizan</a> Sancağı ve <a href="/wiki/Trablusgarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Trablusgarp">Trablusgarp</a> Eyaleti'ne bağlı olarak sahraaltı Afrika ile ilişkiler sürmüştür.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19. yüzyıl ortalarında Sudan ve Uganda toprakları Mısır valileri tarafından ele geçirilmişti. Diğer taraftan Trablusgarp'tan güneye doğru Çad Gölü havzasına kadar gidilerek Nijer ve Çad üzerinde hâkimiyet kurulmaya çalışılmıştı.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coğrafya"><span id="Co.C4.9Frafya"></span>Coğrafya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Coğrafya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Coğrafya"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Chad_sat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chad_sat.jpg/170px-Chad_sat.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chad_sat.jpg/255px-Chad_sat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chad_sat.jpg/340px-Chad_sat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="1922" /></a><figcaption>Çad, güneyde Sudan Savanı, kuzeyde <a href="/wiki/Sahra" title="Sahra">Sahra Çölü</a> ve ortada <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> kuşağı olmak üzere üç belirgin bölgeye ayrılır.</figcaption></figure> <p>Orta Afrika'da, Libya'nın güneyinde konumlanmıştır. Sınır komşuları: Kamerun 1.094 km, Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti 1.197 km, Libya 1.055 km, Nijer 1.175 km, Nijerya 87 km, Sudan 1.360 km'dir. Güneyde tropikal, kuzeyde çöl iklimi hakimdir. Merkezde geniş, kuru ovalar, kuzeyde çöller, kuzeybatıda dağlar, güneyde düzlükler yer almaktadır. Petrol, uranyum, natron, kaolin, balık (Çad Gölü) başlıca doğal kaynaklarındandır. Kuzeyde sıcak, kuru, tozlu rüzgarlar ortaya çıkmaktadır; periyodik kuraklıklar; çekirge istilaları diğer felaketlerdendir. Günümüzde <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> kıtasında özellikle <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cezayir" title="Cezayir">Cezayir</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r" title="Mısır">Mısır</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> ve Çad'da yoğunlaşan, yer altı su kaynaklarının keşfi yapılmıştır.<sup id="cite_ref-surezerv_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surezerv-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nüfusu"><span id="N.C3.BCfusu"></span>Nüfusu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Nüfusu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Nüfusu"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nüfusun etnik dağılımı: Müslümanlar (Arap, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Gouran, Baguirmi, Boulala, Zaghawa ve Maba); Müslüman olmayanlar (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa); yerli olmayanlar 150,000 (1,000 Fransız) Din: Müslüman %55, Hristiyan %35, animizm %7 diğer inançlar %3 Diller: Fransızca (resmi), Arapça (resmi), Sara ve Sango (kuzeyde), 100'den fazla dil ve lehçe kullanılmaktadır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ekonomi"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Chad_Product_Exports_(2019).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Chad_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/250px-Chad_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Chad_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/330px-Chad_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Chad_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/500px-Chad_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>Çad ihracatının orantılı bir gösterimi, 2019</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:GDP_per_capita_development_of_Chad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Chad.svg/220px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Chad.svg/330px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Chad.svg/440px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Çad'ın kişi başına düşen GSYİH gelişimi, 1950'den beri</figcaption></figure> <p>Coğrafi uzaklığı, kuraklıklar, altyapı sisteminin yokluğu ve politik kargaşalar kara ile çevrili olan Çad'ın ekonomik kalkınmasında olumsuz etkenlerdendir. Ahalinin yaklaşık %85'i tarım ve hayvancılıkla uğraşır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galeri">Galeri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Galeri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&action=edit&section=6" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Galeri"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Women%27s_Leadership_Forum_held_in_N%27djamena,_Chad_170307-A-KH850-023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kadın Liderlik Forumu."><img alt="Kadın Liderlik Forumu." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Women%27s_Leadership_Forum_held_in_N%27djamena%2C_Chad_170307-A-KH850-023.jpg/120px-Women%27s_Leadership_Forum_held_in_N%27djamena%2C_Chad_170307-A-KH850-023.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Women%27s_Leadership_Forum_held_in_N%27djamena%2C_Chad_170307-A-KH850-023.jpg/180px-Women%27s_Leadership_Forum_held_in_N%27djamena%2C_Chad_170307-A-KH850-023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Women%27s_Leadership_Forum_held_in_N%27djamena%2C_Chad_170307-A-KH850-023.jpg/240px-Women%27s_Leadership_Forum_held_in_N%27djamena%2C_Chad_170307-A-KH850-023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kadın Liderlik Forumu.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Lake_Chad_04_Sep_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Çad Gölü."><img alt="Çad Gölü." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lake_Chad_04_Sep_2002.jpg/120px-Lake_Chad_04_Sep_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lake_Chad_04_Sep_2002.jpg/180px-Lake_Chad_04_Sep_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Lake_Chad_04_Sep_2002.jpg/240px-Lake_Chad_04_Sep_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Çad Gölü.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Enfant_eleveur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deve çobanları."><img alt="Deve çobanları." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Enfant_eleveur.jpg/120px-Enfant_eleveur.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Enfant_eleveur.jpg/180px-Enfant_eleveur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Enfant_eleveur.jpg/240px-Enfant_eleveur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Deve çobanları.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Toyota_Hilux_stuck_in_the_sand_in_the_middle_of_the_Sahara,_near_the_Chad-Libya_border._A_Cameroonian_works_to_get_it_out.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Çad sahrası."><img alt="Çad sahrası." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Toyota_Hilux_stuck_in_the_sand_in_the_middle_of_the_Sahara%2C_near_the_Chad-Libya_border._A_Cameroonian_works_to_get_it_out.jpg/120px-Toyota_Hilux_stuck_in_the_sand_in_the_middle_of_the_Sahara%2C_near_the_Chad-Libya_border._A_Cameroonian_works_to_get_it_out.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Toyota_Hilux_stuck_in_the_sand_in_the_middle_of_the_Sahara%2C_near_the_Chad-Libya_border._A_Cameroonian_works_to_get_it_out.jpg/180px-Toyota_Hilux_stuck_in_the_sand_in_the_middle_of_the_Sahara%2C_near_the_Chad-Libya_border._A_Cameroonian_works_to_get_it_out.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Toyota_Hilux_stuck_in_the_sand_in_the_middle_of_the_Sahara%2C_near_the_Chad-Libya_border._A_Cameroonian_works_to_get_it_out.jpg/240px-Toyota_Hilux_stuck_in_the_sand_in_the_middle_of_the_Sahara%2C_near_the_Chad-Libya_border._A_Cameroonian_works_to_get_it_out.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Çad sahrası.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Chad_sat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Çad'ın uydudan çekilmiş görüntüsü."><img alt="Çad'ın uydudan çekilmiş görüntüsü." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chad_sat.jpg/79px-Chad_sat.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chad_sat.jpg/118px-Chad_sat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chad_sat.jpg/158px-Chad_sat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Çad'ın uydudan çekilmiş görüntüsü.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="15,000 Çadlı asker II. Dünya Savaşı'nda Fransa için savaştı.[22]"><img alt="15,000 Çadlı asker II. Dünya Savaşı'nda Fransa için savaştı.[22]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg/120px-Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg/180px-Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg/240px-Chadian_soldier_of_WWII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3286" data-file-height="2836" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">15,000 Çadlı asker <a href="/wiki/II._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="II. Dünya Savaşı">II. Dünya Savaşı</a>'nda <a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a> için savaştı.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Idriss_Deby_Itno_IMG_3651.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1990'dan 2021'e kadar Çad'ı yöneten Idriss Déby"><img alt="1990'dan 2021'e kadar Çad'ı yöneten Idriss Déby" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Idriss_Deby_Itno_IMG_3651.jpg/120px-Idriss_Deby_Itno_IMG_3651.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Idriss_Deby_Itno_IMG_3651.jpg/250px-Idriss_Deby_Itno_IMG_3651.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3237" data-file-height="4672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1990'dan 2021'e kadar Çad'ı yöneten Idriss Déby</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:%C3%87ad_Meydan%C4%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Başkentin en meşhur yeri"><img alt="Başkentin en meşhur yeri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%C3%87ad_Meydan%C4%B1.jpg/90px-%C3%87ad_Meydan%C4%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%C3%87ad_Meydan%C4%B1.jpg/135px-%C3%87ad_Meydan%C4%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%C3%87ad_Meydan%C4%B1.jpg/180px-%C3%87ad_Meydan%C4%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Başkentin en meşhur yeri</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ayrıca_bakınız"><span id="Ayr.C4.B1ca_bak.C4.B1n.C4.B1z"></span>Ayrıca bakınız</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ayrıca bakınız" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&action=edit&section=7" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ayrıca bakınız"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ad%27da_LGBT_haklar%C4%B1" title="Çad'da LGBT hakları">Çad'da LGBT hakları</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ad&action=edit&section=8" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-recensement2009-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-recensement2009_1-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228022216/http://www.inseed-td.net/index.php/blog-with-right-sidebar/document/send/7-documents-et-publications-demographique/20-indicateurs-globaux-issus-du-rgph2-97-dg-94-couleur-28mp-22">"Analyse Thematique des Resultats Definitifs Etat et Structures de la Population"</a>. Institut National de la Statistique, des Études Économiques et Démographiques du Tchad. 28 Aralık 2019 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inseed-td.net/index.php/blog-with-right-sidebar/document/send/7-documents-et-publications-demographique/20-indicateurs-globaux-issus-du-rgph2-97-dg-94-couleur-28mp-22">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 3 Mayıs 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analyse+Thematique+des+Resultats+Definitifs+Etat+et+Structures+de+la+Population&rft.pub=Institut+National+de+la+Statistique%2C+des+%C3%89tudes+%C3%89conomiques+et+D%C3%A9mographiques+du+Tchad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inseed-td.net%2Findex.php%2Fblog-with-right-sidebar%2Fdocument%2Fsend%2F7-documents-et-publications-demographique%2F20-indicateurs-globaux-issus-du-rgph2-97-dg-94-couleur-28mp-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chad">"The World Factbook"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> (2025 bas.). <a href="/wiki/CIA" title="CIA">CIA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">22 Haziran</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fchad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ar%C5%9Fivlenmesi_gereken_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1ya_sahip_kaynak_%C5%9Fablonu_i%C3%A7eren_maddeler" title="Kategori:Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler">link</a>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2023.zip">(Archived 2023 edition)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.TD-3"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.TD_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.TD_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.TD_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.TD_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=628,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Chad)"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 10 Ekim 2023. 4 Kasım 2023 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231104151111/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=628,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">18 Ekim</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2023+Edition.+%28Chad%29&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D628%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wb-gini-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-wb-gini_4-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=TD">"Gini Index"</a>. World Bank. 16 Nisan 2017 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170416220849/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=TD">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">15 Temmuz</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+Index&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DTD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_5-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/24"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (İngilizce). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 Mart 2024. 13 Mart 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">13 Mart</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F24&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR90/FR90.pdf">"Arşivlenmiş kopya"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 23 Nisan 2018 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180423165957/https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR90/FR90.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 22 Şubat 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ar%C5%9Fivlenmi%C5%9F+kopya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdhsprogram.com%2Fpubs%2Fpdf%2FFR90%2FFR90.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">S. Decalo, <i>Historical Dictionary of Chad</i>, 44–45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">D. Lange, "The Chad region as a crossroad"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">S. Decalo, 248–249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">S. Nolutshungu, <i>Limits of Anarchy</i>, 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917376,00.html">"Death of a Dictator"</a> 25 Mart 2012 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325230732/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917376,00.html">arşivlendi</a>., <i>Time</i>, (28 Nisan, 1975)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">S. Nolutshungu, 150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">S. Macedo, <i>Universal Jurisdiction</i>, 133–134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">"Chad: the Habré Legacy"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">S. Nolutshungu, 234–237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">BBC News, "Chad may face genocide, UN warns"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karalahana.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2549&Itemid=53#usercomments">Çad'da isyancı gerillalar başkent N'Camena'ya girdi</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" Ağustos 2023 tarihinden beri ölü bağlantı" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:D%C4%B1%C5%9F_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar#Ölü_dış_bağlantılar_için_ne_yapılabilir?" title="Vikipedi:Dış bağlantılar">ölü/kırık bağlantı</a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119042928/http://www.zaman.com.tr/dunya_cadda-osmanli-izleri_1332605.html">"Arşivlenmiş kopya"</a>. 19 Ocak 2016 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zaman.com.tr/dunya_cadda-osmanli-izleri_1332605.html">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">6 Ocak</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ar%C5%9Fivlenmi%C5%9F+kopya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zaman.com.tr%2Fdunya_cadda-osmanli-izleri_1332605.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isam.org.tr/documents%5C_dosyalar%5C_pdfler%5Cislam_arastirmalari_dergisi%5Csayi04%5C069_104.pdf">"Arşivlenmiş kopya"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 6 Şubat 2016 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160206222542/http://www.isam.org.tr/documents%5C_dosyalar%5C_pdfler%5Cislam_arastirmalari_dergisi%5Csayi04%5C069_104.pdf">arşivlendi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">6 Ocak</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ar%C5%9Fivlenmi%C5%9F+kopya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isam.org.tr%2Fdocuments%255C_dosyalar%255C_pdfler%255Cislam_arastirmalari_dergisi%255Csayi04%255C069_104.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150412234339/http://journals.istanbul.edu.tr/iuturkiyat/article/view/1023015992">"Arşivlenmiş kopya"</a>. 12 Nisan 2015 tarihinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journals.istanbul.edu.tr/iuturkiyat/article/view/1023015992">kaynağından</a> arşivlendi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">6 Ocak</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ar%C5%9Fivlenmi%C5%9F+kopya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.istanbul.edu.tr%2Fiuturkiyat%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1023015992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-surezerv-21"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-surezerv_21-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gundem.milliyet.com.tr/afrika-nin-alti-su-kayniyormus/gundem/gundemdetay/24.04.2012/1531884/default.htm?ref=OtherNews">"Afrika'nın altı su kaynıyormuş"</a>. milliyet.com.tr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">25 Nisan</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afrika%E2%80%99n%C4%B1n+alt%C4%B1+su+kayn%C4%B1yormu%C5%9F&rft.pub=milliyet.com.tr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgundem.milliyet.com.tr%2Fafrika-nin-alti-su-kayniyormus%2Fgundem%2Fgundemdetay%2F24.04.2012%2F1531884%2Fdefault.htm%3Fref%3DOtherNews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%87ad" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" Nisan 2022 tarihinden beri ölü bağlantı" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:D%C4%B1%C5%9F_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar#Ölü_dış_bağlantılar_için_ne_yapılabilir?" title="Vikipedi:Dış bağlantılar">ölü/kırık bağlantı</a></i>]</span></sup>.<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(Türkçe)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text">S. Decalo, 53</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Afrika_ülkeleri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Afrika_Birliği_üye_ülkeleri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Afrika Birliği">Afrika Birliği</a> üye ülkeleri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botsvana" title="Botsvana">Botsvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cezayir" title="Cezayir">Cezayir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibuti" title="Cibuti">Cibuti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Çad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekvator_Ginesi" title="Ekvator Ginesi">Ekvator Ginesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritre" title="Eritre">Eritre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini">Esvatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiyopya" title="Etiyopya">Etiyopya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas" title="Fas">Fas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fildi%C5%9Fi_Sahili" title="Fildişi Sahili">Fildişi Sahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambiya" title="Gambiya">Gambiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana" title="Gana">Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gine" title="Gine">Gine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gine-Bissau" title="Gine-Bissau">Gine-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Afrika_Cumhuriyeti" title="Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti">Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Sudan" title="Güney Sudan">Güney Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komorlar" title="Komorlar">Komorlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kongo Cumhuriyeti">Kongo Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_Demokratik_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti">Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberya" title="Liberya">Liberya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malavi" title="Malavi">Malavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r" title="Mısır">Mısır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritanya" title="Moritanya">Moritanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibya" title="Namibya">Namibya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijer" title="Nijer">Nijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijerya" title="Nijerya">Nijerya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orta_Afrika_Cumhuriyeti" title="Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti">Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda">Ruanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_ve_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé ve Príncipe">São Tomé ve Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sey%C5%9Feller" title="Seyşeller">Seyşeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali" title="Somali">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanya" title="Tanzanya">Tanzanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunus" title="Tunus">Tunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil_Burun_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Yeşil Burun Adaları">Yeşil Burun Adaları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambiya" title="Zambiya">Zambiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabve" title="Zimbabve">Zimbabve</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Uluslararası tanınmayan üye</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sahra_Demokratik_Arap_Cumhuriyeti" title="Sahra Demokratik Arap Cumhuriyeti">Sahra Demokratik Arap Cumhuriyeti</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="İslam_İşbirliği_Teşkilatı" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259" /><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:%C4%B0slam_%C4%B0%C5%9Fbirli%C4%9Fi_Te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Şablon:İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatı"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:%C4%B0slam_%C4%B0%C5%9Fbirli%C4%9Fi_Te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Şablon tartışma:İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatı"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:%C4%B0slam_%C4%B0%C5%9Fbirli%C4%9Fi_Te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="İslam_İşbirliği_Teşkilatı" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0slam_%C4%B0%C5%9Fbirli%C4%9Fi_Te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatı">İslam İşbirliği Teşkilatı</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Üyeler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnavutluk" title="Arnavutluk">Arnavutluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaycan" title="Azerbaycan">Azerbaycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahreyn" title="Bahreyn">Bahreyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banglade%C5%9F" title="Bangladeş">Bangladeş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Arap_Emirlikleri" title="Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri">Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cezayir" title="Cezayir">Cezayir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibuti" title="Cibuti">Cibuti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Çad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonezya" title="Endonezya">Endonezya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas" title="Fas">Fas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fildi%C5%9Fi_Sahili" title="Fildişi Sahili">Fildişi Sahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filistin_Ulusal_Y%C3%B6netimi" title="Filistin Ulusal Yönetimi">Filistin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambiya" title="Gambiya">Gambiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana" title="Gana">Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gine-Bissau" title="Gine-Bissau">Gine-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran">İran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katar" title="Katar">Katar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan">Kazakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komorlar" title="Komorlar">Komorlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuveyt" title="Kuveyt">Kuveyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rg%C4%B1zistan" title="Kırgızistan">Kırgızistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbnan" title="Lübnan">Lübnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malezya" title="Malezya">Malezya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivler" title="Maldivler">Maldivler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r" title="Mısır">Mısır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritanya" title="Moritanya">Moritanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijer" title="Nijer">Nijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijerya" title="Nijerya">Nijerya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zbekistan" title="Özbekistan">Özbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali" title="Somali">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam">Surinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriye" title="Suriye">Suriye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suudi_Arabistan" title="Suudi Arabistan">Suudi Arabistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacikistan" title="Tacikistan">Tacikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunus" title="Tunus">Tunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan" title="Türkmenistan">Türkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umman" title="Umman">Umman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Crd%C3%BCn" title="Ürdün">Ürdün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gözlemci ülkeler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosna-Hersek" title="Bosna-Hersek">Bosna-Hersek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_T%C3%BCrk_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti">Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orta_Afrika_Cumhuriyeti" title="Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti">Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayland" title="Tayland">Tayland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gözlemci kuruluşlar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Afrika Birliği">Afrika Birliği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arap_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Arap Birliği">Arap Birliği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1s%C4%B1zlar_Hareketi" title="Bağlantısızlar Hareketi">Bağlantısızlar Hareketi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_Milletler" title="Birleşmiş Milletler">Birleşmiş Milletler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomik_%C4%B0%C5%9Fbirli%C4%9Fi_Te%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Ekonomik İşbirliği Teşkilatı">Ekonomik İşbirliği Teşkilatı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_Ulusal_Kurtulu%C5%9F_Cephesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Moro Ulusal Kurtuluş Cephesi">Moro Ulusal Kurtuluş Cephesi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> <i>Kıbrıs Türk Devleti</i> olarak.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Uluslararası_Frankofoni_Örgütü&#039;ne_üye_ve_gözlemci_ülkeler" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259" /><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Frankofoni" title="Şablon:Frankofoni"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Frankofoni" title="Şablon tartışma:Frankofoni"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Frankofoni&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Uluslararası_Frankofoni_Örgütü&#039;ne_üye_ve_gözlemci_ülkeler" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Frankofoni_%C3%96rg%C3%BCt%C3%BC" title="Uluslararası Frankofoni Örgütü">Uluslararası Frankofoni Örgütü</a>'ne üye ve gözlemci ülkeler</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Üyeler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnavutluk" title="Arnavutluk">Arnavutluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A7ika" title="Belçika">Belçika</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Valon_B%C3%B6lgesi" title="Valon Bölgesi">Fransız Topluluğu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaristan" title="Bulgaristan">Bulgaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibuti" title="Cibuti">Cibuti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Çad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_Demokratik_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti">Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominika" title="Dominika">Dominika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekvator_Ginesi" title="Ekvator Ginesi">Ekvator Ginesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermenistan" title="Ermenistan">Ermenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas" title="Fas">Fas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fildi%C5%9Fi_Sahili" title="Fildişi Sahili">Fildişi Sahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa">Fransa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_Guyanas%C4%B1" title="Fransız Guyanası">Fransız Guyanası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinik" title="Martinik">Martinik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_ve_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre ve Miquelon">St. Pierre ve Miquelon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana" title="Gana">Gana</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gine" title="Gine">Gine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gine-Bissau" title="Gine-Bissau">Gine-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0svi%C3%A7re" title="İsviçre">İsviçre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Québec">Québec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambo%C3%A7ya" title="Kamboçya">Kamboçya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti">Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komorlar" title="Komorlar">Komorlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kongo Cumhuriyeti">Kongo Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Makedonya" title="Kuzey Makedonya">Kuzey Makedonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCksemburg" title="Lüksemburg">Lüksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbnan" title="Lübnan">Lübnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r" title="Mısır">Mısır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritanya" title="Moritanya">Moritanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijer" title="Nijer">Nijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orta_Afrika_Cumhuriyeti" title="Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti">Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanya" title="Romanya">Romanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda">Ruanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_ve_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé ve Príncipe">São Tomé ve Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sey%C5%9Feller" title="Seyşeller">Seyşeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunus" title="Tunus">Tunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil_Burun_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Yeşil Burun Adaları">Yeşil Burun Adaları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunanistan" title="Yunanistan">Yunanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/100px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/150px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/200px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gözlemciler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avusturya" title="Avusturya">Avusturya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya">Çekya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCrcistan" title="Gürcistan">Gürcistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C4%B1rvatistan" title="Hırvatistan">Hırvatistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letonya" title="Letonya">Letonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvanya" title="Litvanya">Litvanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaristan" title="Macaristan">Macaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1rbistan" title="Sırbistan">Sırbistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakya" title="Slovakya">Slovakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenya" title="Slovenya">Slovenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayland" title="Tayland">Tayland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrayna" title="Ukrayna">Ukrayna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span> Ortak üye.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otorite_kontrol%C3%BC" title="Otorite kontrolü">Otorite kontrolü</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003471">003471</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Ad_Tan%C4%B1mlay%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Ad Tanımlayıcısı">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121851881">0000 0001 2185 1881</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/KulturNav" title="KulturNav">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/e0fa349a-38e0-4a49-be80-96b98470e937">e0fa349a-38e0-4a49-be80-96b98470e937</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kongre_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi_Kontrol_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Kongre Kütüphanesi Kontrol Numarası">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80049721">n80049721</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/6ce82d72-8123-3365-ab34-7b20581a34cf">6ce82d72-8123-3365-ab34-7b20581a34cf</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Ar%C5%9Fivler_ve_Kay%C4%B1tlar_%C4%B0daresi" title="Ulusal Arşivler ve Kayıtlar İdaresi">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035839">10035839</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mill%C3%AE_Diyet_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Millî Diyet Kütüphanesi">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573565">00573565</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ek_Cumhuriyeti_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Çek Cumhuriyeti Millî Kütüphanesi">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131640&CON_LNG=ENG">ge131640</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail_Ulusal_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="İsrail Ulusal Kütüphanesi">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007548069105171">987007548069105171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_%C4%B0svi%C3%A7re_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphane_A%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Batı İsviçre Kütüphane Ağı">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000161023">02-A000161023</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/158859">158859</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cniversiteleraras%C4%B1_Belgeleme_Sistemi" title="Üniversitelerarası Belgeleme Sistemi">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026402106">026402106</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/TDV_%C4%B0sl%C3%A2m_Ansiklopedisi" title="TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi">TDVİA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/cad">cad</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Sanal_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Sanal Otorite Dosyası">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151207935">151207935</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> (LCCN): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80-049721">n80-049721</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img 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