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soils analysis</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: forensic soils analysis"> <meta name="keywords" content="forensic soils analysis"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="forensic soils analysis"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 28723</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: forensic soils analysis</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28723</span> A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Forensic Soil Analysis: Tested Using a Simulated Crime Scene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samara%20A.%20Testoni">Samara A. Testoni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vander%20F.%20Melo"> Vander F. Melo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorna%20A.%20Dawson"> Lorna A. Dawson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabio%20A.%20S.%20Salvador"> Fabio A. S. Salvador</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil traces are useful as forensic evidence due to their potential to transfer and adhere to different types of surfaces on a range of objects or persons. The great variability expressed by soil physical, chemical, biological and mineralogical properties show soil traces as complex mixtures. Soils are continuous and variable, no two soil samples being indistinguishable, nevertheless, the complexity of soil characteristics can provide powerful evidence for comparative forensic purposes. This work aimed to establish a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for forensic soil analysis in Brazil. We carried out a simulated crime scene with double blind sampling to calibrate the sampling procedures. Samples were collected at a range of locations covering a range of soil types found in South of Brazil: Santa Candida and Boa Vista, neighbourhoods from Curitiba (State of Parana) and in Guarani and Guaraituba, neighbourhoods from Colombo (Curitiba Metropolitan Region). A previously validated sequential analyses of chemical, physical and mineralogical analyses was developed in around 2 g of soil. The suggested SOP and the sequential range of analyses were effective in grouping the samples from the same place and from the same parent material together, as well as successfully discriminated samples from different locations and originated from different rocks. In addition, modifications to the sample treatment and analytical protocol can be made depending on the context of the forensic work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20mineralogy" title="clay mineralogy">clay mineralogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20soils%20analysis" title=" forensic soils analysis"> forensic soils analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequential%20analyses" title=" sequential analyses"> sequential analyses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kaolinite" title=" kaolinite"> kaolinite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gibbsite" title=" gibbsite"> gibbsite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99458/a-standard-operating-procedure-sop-for-forensic-soil-analysis-tested-using-a-simulated-crime-scene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28722</span> Chemical Amelioration of Expansive Soils </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20R.%20Phanikumar">B. R. Phanikumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Suri"> Sana Suri </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Expansive soils swell when they absorb water and shrink when water evaporates from them. Hence, lightly loaded civil engineering structures found in these soils are subjected to severe distress. Therefore, there is a need to ameliorate or improve these swelling soils through some innovative methods. This paper discusses chemical stabilisation of expansive soils, a technique in which chemical reagents such as lime and calcium chloride are added to expansive soils to reduce the volumetric changes occurring in expansive soils and also to improve their engineering behaviour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soils" title="expansive soils">expansive soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amelioration" title=" amelioration"> amelioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime" title=" lime"> lime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20chloride" title=" calcium chloride"> calcium chloride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2592/chemical-amelioration-of-expansive-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28721</span> The Forensic Analysis of Engravers' Handwriting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivia%20Rybak-Karkosz">Olivia Rybak-Karkosz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to present the result of scientific research using forensic handwriting analysis. It was conducted to verify the stability and lability of handwriting of engravers and check if gravers transfer their traits from handwriting to plates and other surfaces they rework. This research methodology consisted of completing representative samples of signatures of gravers written on a piece of paper using a ballpen and signatures engraved on other surfaces. The forensic handwriting analysis was conducted using the graphic-comparative method (graphic method), and all traits were analysed. The paper contains a concluding statement of the similarities and differences between the samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artist%E2%80%99s%20signatures" title="artist’s signatures">artist’s signatures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engraving" title=" engraving"> engraving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20handwriting%20analysis" title=" forensic handwriting analysis"> forensic handwriting analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphic-comparative%20method" title=" graphic-comparative method"> graphic-comparative method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152839/the-forensic-analysis-of-engravers-handwriting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28720</span> Applying Massively Parallel Sequencing to Forensic Soil Bacterial Profiling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Li">Hui Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xueying%20Zhao"> Xueying Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ke%20Ma"> Ke Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Cao"> Yu Cao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Yang"> Fan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qingwen%20Xu"> Qingwen Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenbin%20Liu"> Wenbin Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil can often link a person or item to a crime scene, which makes it a valuable evidence in forensic casework. Several techniques have been utilized in forensic soil discrimination in previous studies. Because soil contains a vast number of microbiomes, the analyse of soil microbiomes is expected to be a potential way to characterise soil evidence. In this study, we applied massively parallel sequencing (MPS) to soil bacterial profiling on the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM). Soils from different regions were collected repeatedly. V-region 3 and 4 of Bacterial 16S rRNA gene were detected by MPS. Operational taxonomic units (OTU, 97%) were used to analyse soil bacteria. Several bioinformatics methods (PCoA, NMDS, Metastats, LEfse, and Heatmap) were applied in bacterial profiles. Our results demonstrate that MPS can provide a more detailed picture of the soil microbiomes and the composition of soil bacterial components from different region was individualistic. In conclusion, the utility of soil bacterial profiling via MPS of the 16S rRNA gene has potential value in characterising soil evidences and associating them with their place of origin, which can play an important role in forensic science in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20profiling" title="bacterial profiling">bacterial profiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic" title=" forensic"> forensic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=massively%20parallel%20sequencing" title=" massively parallel sequencing"> massively parallel sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20evidence" title=" soil evidence"> soil evidence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80561/applying-massively-parallel-sequencing-to-forensic-soil-bacterial-profiling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28719</span> An Enhanced Digital Forensic Model for Internet of Things Forensic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tina%20Wu">Tina Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Martin"> Andrew Martin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) brings a new level of threat. Attacks on IoT are already being used by criminals to form botnets, launch Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and distribute malware. This opens a whole new digital forensic arena to develop forensic methodologies in order to have the capability to investigate IoT related crimes. However, existing proposed IoT forensic models are still premature requiring further improvement and validation, many lack details on the acquisition and analysis phase. This paper proposes an enhanced theoretical IoT digital forensic model focused on identifying and acquiring the main sources of evidence in a methodical way. In addition, this paper presents a theoretical acquisition framework of the different stages required in order to be capable of acquiring evidence from IoT devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisition" title="acquisition">acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet%20of%20Things" title=" Internet of Things"> Internet of Things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zoning" title=" zoning"> zoning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76982/an-enhanced-digital-forensic-model-for-internet-of-things-forensic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28718</span> Cadaver Free Fatty Acid Distribution Associated with Burial in Mangrove and Oil Palm Plantation Soils under Tropical Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Sofo%20Ismail">Siti Sofo Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Noraina%20Wahida%20Mohd%20Alwi"> Siti Noraina Wahida Mohd Alwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Hafiz%20Ameran"> Mohamad Hafiz Ameran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masrudin%20M.%20Yusoff"> Masrudin M. Yusoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Locating clandestine cadaver is crucially important in forensic investigations. However, it requires a lot of man power, costly and time consuming. Therefore, the development of a new method to locate the clandestine graves is urgently needed as the cases involve burial of cadaver in different types of soils under tropical climates are still not well explored. This study focused on the burial in mangrove and oil palm plantation soils, comparing the fatty acid distributions in different soil acidities. A stimulated burial experiment was conducted using domestic pig (Sus scrofa) to substitute human tissues. Approximately 20g of pig fatty flesh was allowed to decompose in mangrove and oil palm plantation soils, mimicking burial in a shallow grave. The associated soils were collected at different designated sampling points, corresponding different decomposition stages. Modified Bligh-Dyer Extraction method was applied to extract the soil free fatty acids. Then, the obtained free fatty acids were analyzed with gas chromatography-flame ionization (GC-FID). A similar fatty acid distribution was observed for both mangrove and oil palm plantations soils. Palmitic acid (C₁₆) was the most abundance of free fatty acid, followed by stearic acid (C₁₈). However, the concentration of palmitic acid (C₁₆) higher in oil palm plantation compare to mangrove soils. Conclusion, the decomposition rate of cadaver can be affected by different type of soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clandestine%20grave" title="clandestine grave">clandestine grave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burial" title=" burial"> burial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soils" title=" soils"> soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20fatty%20acid" title=" free fatty acid"> free fatty acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87338/cadaver-free-fatty-acid-distribution-associated-with-burial-in-mangrove-and-oil-palm-plantation-soils-under-tropical-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28717</span> Corruption and Economic Performance in Nigeria: The Role of Forensic Accounting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamila%20Garba%20Audu">Jamila Garba Audu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Adamu"> Peter Adamu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the role of forensic accounting in the fight against corruption in Nigeria for better utilization of public funds and economic growth and development of the Country. We adopted a trend analysis to show the performance of the Nigerian economy as well as the quality of institutions which government economic and political activities in the country. It is an established fact that Nigeria has performed badly since the 1960s to date in terms of institutional quality and economic development despite large amount of money obtained from the export of crude oil. It was revealed also that the fight against corruption has not been very successful in recent times because experts in the field of forensic accounting have not been utilized. With the successes recorded in dealing with fraud and embezzlement using forensic accounting, it has become imperative for the EFCC to use forensic accountants in the fight against corruption in the country. Also, there is the need to introduce very seriously, the teaching of forensic accounting in Nigerian Universities to train experts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title="corruption">corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20performance" title=" economic performance"> economic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20accounting" title=" forensic accounting"> forensic accounting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54077/corruption-and-economic-performance-in-nigeria-the-role-of-forensic-accounting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28716</span> Forensic Imaging as an Effective Learning Tool for Teaching Forensic Pathology to Undergraduate Medical Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasudeva%20Murthy%20Challakere%20Ramaswamy">Vasudeva Murthy Challakere Ramaswamy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Conventionally forensic pathology is learnt through autopsy demonstrations which carry various limitations such as unavailability of cases in the mortuary, medico-legal implication and infection. Over the years forensic pathology and science has undergone significant evolution in this digital world. Forensic imaging is a technology which can be effectively utilized for overcoming the current limitations in the undergraduate learning of forensic curriculum. Materials and methods: demonstration of forensic imaging was done using a novel technology of autopsy which has been recently introduced across the globe. Three sessions were conducted in international medical university for a total of 196 medical students. The innovative educational tool was evacuated by using quantitative questionnaire with the scoring scales between 1 to 10. Results: The mean score for acceptance of new tool was 82% and about 74% of the students recommended incorporation of the forensic imaging in the regular curriculum. 82% of students were keen on collaborative research and taking further training courses in forensic imaging. Conclusion: forensic imaging can be an effective tool and also a suitable alternative for teaching undergraduate students. This feedback also supports the fact that students favour the use of contemporary technologies in learning medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20imaging" title="forensic imaging">forensic imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20pathology" title=" forensic pathology"> forensic pathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20students" title=" medical students"> medical students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20tool" title=" learning tool"> learning tool</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11591/forensic-imaging-as-an-effective-learning-tool-for-teaching-forensic-pathology-to-undergraduate-medical-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28715</span> The Forensic Handwriting Analysis of a Painter’s Signature: Claude Monet’s Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivia%20Rybak-Karkosz">Olivia Rybak-Karkosz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper's purpose was to present a case study on a questioned Claude Monet's signature forensic handwriting analysis. It is an example taken from the author’s experience as a court handwriting expert. A comparative study was conducted to determine whether the signature resembles similarities (and if so, to what measure) with the features representing the writing patterns and their natural variability typical for Claude Monet. It was conducted to check whether all writing features are within the writer's normal range of variation. The paper emphasizes the difficulties and challenges encountered by the forensic handwriting expert while analysing the questioned signature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artist%E2%80%99s%20signatures" title="artist’s signatures">artist’s signatures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticity%20of%20an%20artwork" title=" authenticity of an artwork"> authenticity of an artwork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20handwriting%20analysis" title=" forensic handwriting analysis"> forensic handwriting analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphic-comparative%20method" title=" graphic-comparative method"> graphic-comparative method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152843/the-forensic-handwriting-analysis-of-a-painters-signature-claude-monets-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28714</span> Compression Strength of Treated Fine-Grained Soils with Epoxy or Cement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mlhem">M. Mlhem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geotechnical engineers face many problematic soils upon construction and they have the choice for replacing these soils with more appropriate soils or attempting to improve the engineering properties of the soil through a suitable soil stabilization technique. Mostly, improving soils is environmental, easier and more economical than other solutions. Stabilization soils technique is applied by introducing a cementing agent or by injecting a substance to fill the pore volume. Chemical stabilizers are divided into two groups: traditional agents such as cement or lime and non-traditional agents such as polymers. This paper studies the effect of epoxy additives on the compression strength of four types of soil and then compares with the effect of cement on the compression strength for the same soils. Overall, the epoxy additives are more effective in increasing the strength for different types of soils regardless its classification. On the other hand, there was no clear relation between studied parameters liquid limit, passing No.200, unit weight and between the strength of samples for different types of soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additives" title="additives">additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20strength" title=" compression strength"> compression strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy" title=" epoxy"> epoxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104928/compression-strength-of-treated-fine-grained-soils-with-epoxy-or-cement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28713</span> Forensics Linguistics and Phonetics: The Analysis of Language to Support Investigations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Aceranti">Andreas Aceranti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simonetta%20Vernocchi"> Simonetta Vernocchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Colorato"> Marco Colorato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaoutar%20Filahi"> Kaoutar Filahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was inspired by the necessity of giving forensic linguistics and phonetics more and more importance and the intention to explore those topics in an attempt to understand what the role of these disciplines really is in investigations of any nature. The goal is to analyze what are the achievements that those subjects have been able to reach, and what contribution they gave to the legal world; the analysis and study of those topics are supported by the recounting of real cases that have included forensic and phonetic linguistics. One of the most relevant cases is that of the Unabomber, an investigation that brought to light the importance and highlighted the importance this matter can have in difficult and time-consuming cases such as the one we have here. We also focus on the areas of expertise of those new branches of applied linguistics, focusing on what is the use of this new discipline in Italy and abroad and showing what could be the possible improvements that the Italian state could apply in order to be able to catch up with countries like Great Britain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20linguistic" title="forensic linguistic">forensic linguistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20phonetics" title=" forensic phonetics"> forensic phonetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investigation" title=" investigation"> investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminalistics" title=" criminalistics"> criminalistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160312/forensics-linguistics-and-phonetics-the-analysis-of-language-to-support-investigations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28712</span> Importance of New Policies of Process Management for Internet of Things Based on Forensic Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkata%20Venugopal%20Rao%20Gudlur">Venkata Venugopal Rao Gudlur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Proposed Policies referred to as “SOP”, on the Internet of Things (IoT) based Forensic Investigation into Process Management is the latest revolution to save time and quick solution for investigators. The forensic investigation process has been developed over many years from time to time it has been given the required information with no policies in investigation processes. This research reveals that the current IoT based forensic investigation into Process Management based is more connected to devices which is the latest revolution and policies. All future development in real-time information on gathering monitoring is evolved with smart sensor-based technologies connected directly to IoT. This paper present conceptual framework on process management. The smart devices are leading the way in terms of automated forensic models and frameworks established by different scholars. These models and frameworks were mostly focused on offering a roadmap for performing forensic operations with no policies in place. These initiatives would bring a tremendous benefit to process management and IoT forensic investigators proposing policies. The forensic investigation process may enhance more security and reduced data losses and vulnerabilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet%20of%20Things" title="Internet of Things">Internet of Things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Process%20Management" title=" Process Management"> Process Management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forensic%20Investigation" title=" Forensic Investigation"> Forensic Investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M2M%20Framework" title=" M2M Framework"> M2M Framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154606/importance-of-new-policies-of-process-management-for-internet-of-things-based-on-forensic-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28711</span> Forensic Investigation Into the Variation of Geological Properties of Soils Bintulu, Sarawak</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaithish%20John">Jaithish John</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper a brief overview is provided of the developments in interdisciplinary knowledge exchange with use of soil and geological (earth) materials in the search for evidence. The aim is to provide background information on the role and value of understanding ‘earth materials’ from the crime scene through to microscopic scale investigations to support law enforcement agencies in solving criminal and environmental concerns and investigations. This involves the sampling, analysis, interpretation and explanation presentation of all these evidences. In this context, field and laboratory methods are highlighted for the controlled / referenced sample, alibi sample and questioned sample. The aim of forensic analyses of earth materials is to associate these samples taken from a questioned source to determine if there are similar and outstanding characteristics features of earth materials crucial to support the investigation to the questioned earth materials and compare it to the controlled / referenced sample and alibi samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title="soil">soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain" title=" grain"> grain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microscopy" title=" microscopy"> microscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153045/forensic-investigation-into-the-variation-of-geological-properties-of-soils-bintulu-sarawak" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28710</span> The Conception of Implementation of Vision for European Forensic Science 2020 in Lithuania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egl%C4%97%20Bilevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97">Eglė Bilevičiūtė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidmantas%20Egidijus%20Kurapka"> Vidmantas Egidijus Kurapka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snieguol%C4%97%20Matulien%C4%97"> Snieguolė Matulienė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sigut%C4%97%20Stankevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97"> Sigutė Stankevičiūtė</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Council of European Union (EU Council) has stressed on several occasions the need for a concerted, comprehensive and effective solution to delinquency problems in EU communities. In the context of establishing a European Forensic Science Area and the development of forensic science infrastructure in Europe, EU Council believes that forensic science can significantly contribute to the efficiency of law enforcement, crime prevention and combating crimes. Lithuanian scientists have consolidated to implement a project named “Conception of the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 implementation in Lithuania” (the project is funded for the period of 1 March 2014 - 31 December 2016) with the objective to create a conception of implementation of the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 in Lithuania by 1) evaluating the current status of Lithuania’s forensic system and opportunities for its improvement; 2) analysing achievements and knowledge in investigation of crimes listed in conclusions of EU Council on the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 including creation of a European Forensic Science Area and the development of forensic science infrastructure in Europe: trafficking in human beings, organised crime and terrorism; 3) analysing conceptions of criminalistics, which differ in different EU member states due to the variety of forensic schools, and finding means for their harmonization. Apart from the conception of implementation of the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 in Lithuania, the project is expected to suggest provisions that will be relevant to other EU countries as well. Consequently, the presented conception of implementation of vision for European Forensic Science 2020 in Lithuania could initiate a project for a common vision of European Forensic Science and contribute to the development of the EU as an area of freedom, security and justice. The article presents main ideas of the project of the conception of the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 of EU Council and analyses its legal background, as well as prospects of and challenges for its implementation in Lithuania and the EU. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EUROVIFOR" title="EUROVIFOR">EUROVIFOR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardization" title=" standardization"> standardization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vision%20for%20European%20Forensic%20Science%202020" title=" vision for European Forensic Science 2020"> vision for European Forensic Science 2020</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lithuania" title=" Lithuania"> Lithuania</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7731/the-conception-of-implementation-of-vision-for-european-forensic-science-2020-in-lithuania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28709</span> Degradation of Endosulfan in Different Soils by Indigenous and Adapted Microorganisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20%C3%96zyer">A. Özyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20G.%20Turan"> N. G. Turan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Ardal%C4%B1"> Y. Ardalı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The environmental fate of organic contaminants in soils is influenced significantly by the pH, texture of soil, water content and also presence of organic matter. In this study, biodegradation of endosulfan isomers was studied in two different soils (Soil A and Soil B) that have contrasting properties in terms of their texture, pH, organic content, etc. Two <em>Nocardia </em>sp., which were isolated from soil, were used for degradation of endosulfan. Soils were contaminated with commercial endosulfan. Six sets were maintained from two different soils, contaminated with different endosulfan concentrations for degradation experiments. Inoculated and uninoculated mineral media with <em>Nocardia</em> isolates were added to the soils and mixed. Soils were incubated at a certain temperature (30 °C) during ten weeks. Residue endosulfan and its metabolites’ concentrations were determined weekly during the incubation period. The changes of the soil microorganisms were investigated weekly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endosulfan" title="endosulfan">endosulfan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradation" title=" biodegradation"> biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nocardia%20sp.%20soil" title=" Nocardia sp. soil"> Nocardia sp. soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organochlorine%20pesticide" title=" organochlorine pesticide"> organochlorine pesticide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48178/degradation-of-endosulfan-in-different-soils-by-indigenous-and-adapted-microorganisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28708</span> Proposition on Improving Environmental Forensic System in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huilei%20Wang">Huilei Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanfeng%20Wang"> Yuanfeng Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the early period of China, economy developed rapidly at the cost of environment. Recently, it is generally recognized that the heavily polluted environment not only puts a brake on economic development but also paces negative impact on people’ health as well as probably next decades of generations. Accordingly, the latest Environmental Protection Law revised in 2014 makes a clear-cut division of environmental responsibility and regulates stricter penalties of breaching law. As the new environmental law is enforced gradually, environmental forensic is increasingly required in the process of ascertaining facts in judicial proceedings of environmental cases. Based on the outcomes of documentary analysis for all environmental cases judged on the basis of new environmental law, it is concluded that there still exists problems in present system of environmental forensic. Thus, this paper is aimed to make proposition on improving Chinese environmental forensic system, which involves: (i) promoting capability of environmental forensic system (EFS) to handle professional questions; (ii) develop price mechanism; (iii) multi-departments cooperate to establish unifying and complete EFS system;(iv) enhance the probative value of results of EFS. Such protocol for amending present regulation on environmental forensic is of significant importance because a quality report of environmental forensic will contributes to providing strong probative evidence of culprits’ activity of releasing contaminant into environment, degree of damages for victims and above all, causality between the behavior of public nuisance and damages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20cases" title=" environmental cases"> environmental cases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20forensic%20system" title=" environmental forensic system"> environmental forensic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proposition" title=" proposition"> proposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67446/proposition-on-improving-environmental-forensic-system-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28707</span> Identification of Individuals in Forensic Situations after Allo-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anupuma%20Raina">Anupuma Raina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20Parkash"> Ajay Parkash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In forensic investigation, DNA analysis helps in the identification of a particular individual under investigation. A set of Short Tandem Repeats loci are widely used for individualization at a molecular level in forensic testing. STRs with tetrameric repeats of DNA are highly polymorphic and widely used for forensic DNA analysis. Identification of an individual became challenging for forensic examiners after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. HSCT is a well-accepted and life-saving treatment to treat malignant and nonmalignant diseases. It involves the administration of healthy donor stem cells to replace the patient’s own unhealthy stem cells. A successful HSCT results in complete donor-derived cells in a patient’s hematopoiesis and hence have the capability to change the genetic makeup of the patient. Although an individual who has undergone HSCT and then committed a crime is a very rare situation, but not impossible. Keeping such a situation in mind, various biological samples like blood, buccal swab, and hair follicle were collected and studied after a certain interval of time after HSCT. Blood was collected from both the patient and the donor before the transplant. The DNA profile of both was analyzed using a short tandem repeat kit for autosomal chromosomes. Among all exhibits studied, only hair follicles were found to be the most suitable biological exhibit, as no donor DNA profile was observed for up to 90 days of study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chimerism" title="chimerism">chimerism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSCT" title=" HSCT"> HSCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STRs%20analysis" title=" STRs analysis"> STRs analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20identification" title=" forensic identification"> forensic identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166184/identification-of-individuals-in-forensic-situations-after-allo-hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28706</span> Evaluation of the Behavior of Micronutrients in Salty Soils of Low Cheliff</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Degui">N. Degui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Daoud"> Y. Daoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigates the assessment of micronutrient bioavailability and behavior in saline soils based on the determination of three cations and one anion on three soil profiles affected by secondary salinization in Lower Cheliff. The chemical fractionation method was used for the speciation study (different forms) of micronutrients in these soils. The results show that total form quantities of cations are height than norms in agricultural soils, thus the quantities of anion are lows. At the other hand, the quantities of available forms are lows. Statistical analysis reveals that cationic micronutrients localize preferentially in the coarse fraction of the soil in salty conditions and that sodicity causes a decrease in the iron reserve in the soil. The pH range ‘7.49 - 8.76’ represents a constraint for the complexation of micronutrients by organic matter. The study concluded that quantities of total and available forms of micronutrients in salty soils are influenced by soil properties such as: pH, electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20fractionation" title="chemical fractionation">chemical fractionation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micronutrients" title=" micronutrients"> micronutrients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salty%20soils" title=" salty soils"> salty soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speciation" title=" speciation"> speciation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92470/evaluation-of-the-behavior-of-micronutrients-in-salty-soils-of-low-cheliff" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28705</span> Financial Statement Fraud: The Need for a Paradigm Shift to Forensic Accounting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ifedapo%20Francis%20Awolowo">Ifedapo Francis Awolowo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The unrelenting series of embarrassing audit failures should stimulate a paradigm shift in accounting. And in this age of information revolution, there is need for a constant improvement on the products or services one offers to the market in order to be relevant. This study explores the perceptions of external auditors, forensic accountants and accounting academics on whether a paradigm shift to forensic accounting can reduce financial statement frauds. Through Neo-empiricism/inductive analytical approach, findings reveal that a paradigm shift to forensic accounting might be the right step in the right direction in order to increase the chances of fraud prevention and detection in the financial statement. This research has implication on accounting education on the need to incorporate forensic accounting into present day accounting curriculum. Accounting professional bodies, accounting standard setters and accounting firms all have roles to play in incorporating forensic accounting education into accounting curriculum. Particularly, there is need to alter the ISA 240 to make the prevention and detection of frauds the responsibilities of bot those charged with the management and governance of companies and statutory auditors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20statement%20fraud" title="financial statement fraud">financial statement fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20accounting" title=" forensic accounting"> forensic accounting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fraud%20prevention%20and%20detection" title=" fraud prevention and detection"> fraud prevention and detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auditing" title=" auditing"> auditing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audit%20expectation%20gap" title=" audit expectation gap"> audit expectation gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42346/financial-statement-fraud-the-need-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-forensic-accounting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28704</span> Biodegradation Effects onto Source Identification of Diesel Fuel Contaminated Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20S.%20Chen">Colin S. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Jung%20Tien"> Chien-Jung Tien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsin-Jan%20Huang"> Hsin-Jan Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For weathering studies, the change of chemical constituents by biodegradation effect in diesel-contaminated soils are important factors to be considered, especially when there is a prolonged period of weathering processes. The objective was to evaluate biodegradation effects onto hydrocarbon fingerprinting and distribution patterns of diesel fuels, fuel source screening and differentiation, source-specific marker compounds, and diagnostic ratios of diesel fuel constituents by laboratory and field studies. Biodegradation processes of diesel contaminated soils were evaluated by experiments lasting for 15 and 12 months, respectively. The degradation of diesel fuel in top soils was affected by organic carbon content and biomass of microorganisms in soils. Higher depletion of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), n-alkanes, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkyl homologues was observed in soils containing higher organic carbon content and biomass. Decreased ratio of selected isoprenoids (i.e., pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph)) including n-C17/pristane and n-C18/phytane was observed. The ratio of pristane/phytane was remained consistent for a longer period of time. At the end of the experimental period, a decrease of pristane/phytane was observed. Biomarker compounds of bicyclic sesquiterpanes (BS) were less susceptible to the effects of biodegradation. The ratios of characteristic factors such as C15 sesquiterpane/ 8β(H)-drimane (BS3/BS5), C15 sesquiterpane/ 8β(H)-drimane (BS4/BS5), 8β(H)-drimane/8β(H)-homodrimane (BS5/BS10), and C15 sesquiterpane/8β(H)-homodrimane (BS3/BS10) could be adopted for source identification of diesel fuels in top soil. However, for biodegradation processes lasted for six months but shorter than nine months, only BS3/BS5 and BS3/BS10 could be distinguished in two diesel fuels. In subsoil experiments (contaminated soil located 50 cm below), the ratios of characteristic factors including BS3/BS5, BS4/BS5, and BS5/BS10 were valid for source identification of two diesel fuels for nine month biodegradation. At the early stage of contamination, biomass of soil decreased significantly. However, 6 and 7 dominant species were found in soils in top soil experiments, respectively. With less oxygen and nutrients in subsoil, less biomass of microorganisms was observed in subsoils. Only 2 and 4 diesel-degrading species of microorganisms were identified in two soils, respectively. Parameters of double ratio such as fluorene/C1-fluorene: C2-phenanthrene/C3-phenanthrene (C0F/C1F:C2P/C3P) in both top and subsoil, C2-naphthalene/C2-phenanthrene: C1-phenanthrene/C3-phenanthrene (C2N/C2P:C1P/C3P), and C1-phenanthrene/C1-fluorene: C3-naphthalene/C3-phenanthrene (C1P/C1F:C3N/C3P) in subsoil could serve as forensic indicators in diesel contaminated sites. BS3/BS10:BS4/BS5 could be used in 6 to 9 months of biodegradation processes. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that source identification of diesel fuels in top soil could only be perofrmed for weathering process less than 6 months. For subsoil, identification can be conducted for weathering process less than 9 months. Ratio of isoprenoids (pristane and phytane) and PAHs might be affected by biodegradation in spilled sites. The ratios of bicyclic sesquiterpanes could serve as forensic indicators in diesel-contaminated soils. Finally, source identification was attemped for samples collected from different fuel contaminated sites by using the unique pattern of sesquiterpanes. It was anticipated that the information generated from this study would be adopted by decision makers to evaluate the liability of cleanup in diesel contaminated sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradation" title="biodegradation">biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostic%20ratio" title=" diagnostic ratio"> diagnostic ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20fuel" title=" diesel fuel"> diesel fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20forensics" title=" environmental forensics"> environmental forensics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49860/biodegradation-effects-onto-source-identification-of-diesel-fuel-contaminated-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28703</span> The Grain Size Distribution of Sandy Soils in Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Massoud%20Farag%20Abouklaish">Massoud Farag Abouklaish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of the present study is to investigate and classify the particle size distribution of sandy soils in Libya. More than fifty soil samples collected from many regions in North, West and South of Libya. Laboratory sieve analysis tests performed on disturbed soil samples to determine grain size distribution. As well as to provide an indicator of general engineering behavior and good understanding, test results are presented and analysed. In addition, conclusions, recommendations are made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20size" title=" grain size"> grain size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandy%20soils" title=" sandy soils"> sandy soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sieve%20analysis%20tests" title=" sieve analysis tests"> sieve analysis tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21269/the-grain-size-distribution-of-sandy-soils-in-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">615</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28702</span> A Unified Approach for Digital Forensics Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Alshumrani">Ali Alshumrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathan%20Clarke"> Nathan Clarke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bogdan%20Ghite"> Bogdan Ghite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stavros%20Shiaeles"> Stavros Shiaeles</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital forensics has become an essential tool in the investigation of cyber and computer-assisted crime. Arguably, given the prevalence of technology and the subsequent digital footprints that exist, it could have a significant role across almost all crimes. However, the variety of technology platforms (such as computers, mobiles, Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV), Internet of Things (IoT), databases, drones, cloud computing services), heterogeneity and volume of data, forensic tool capability, and the investigative cost make investigations both technically challenging and prohibitively expensive. Forensic tools also tend to be siloed into specific technologies, e.g., File System Forensic Analysis Tools (FS-FAT) and Network Forensic Analysis Tools (N-FAT), and a good deal of data sources has little to no specialist forensic tools. Increasingly it also becomes essential to compare and correlate evidence across data sources and to do so in an efficient and effective manner enabling an investigator to answer high-level questions of the data in a timely manner without having to trawl through data and perform the correlation manually. This paper proposes a Unified Forensic Analysis Tool (U-FAT), which aims to establish a common language for electronic information and permit multi-source forensic analysis. Core to this approach is the identification and development of forensic analyses that automate complex data correlations, enabling investigators to investigate cases more efficiently. The paper presents a systematic analysis of major crime categories and identifies what forensic analyses could be used. For example, in a child abduction, an investigation team might have evidence from a range of sources including computing devices (mobile phone, PC), CCTV (potentially a large number), ISP records, and mobile network cell tower data, in addition to third party databases such as the National Sex Offender registry and tax records, with the desire to auto-correlate and across sources and visualize in a cognitively effective manner. U-FAT provides a holistic, flexible, and extensible approach to providing digital forensics in technology, application, and data-agnostic manner, providing powerful and automated forensic analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20forensics" title="digital forensics">digital forensics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evidence%20correlation" title=" evidence correlation"> evidence correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20data" title=" heterogeneous data"> heterogeneous data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensics%20tool" title=" forensics tool"> forensics tool</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126070/a-unified-approach-for-digital-forensics-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28701</span> Forensic Analysis of Thumbnail Images in Windows 10</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Kurian">George Kurian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongmei%20Chi"> Hongmei Chi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital evidence plays a critical role in most legal investigations. In many cases, thumbnail databases show important information in that investigation. The probability of having digital evidence retrieved from a computer or smart device has increased, even though the previous user removed data and deleted apps on those devices. Due to the increase in digital forensics, the ability to store residual information from various thumbnail applications has improved. This paper will focus on investigating thumbnail information from Windows 10. Thumbnail images of interest in forensic investigations may be intact even when the original pictures have been deleted. It is our research goal to recover useful information from thumbnails. In this research project, we use various forensics tools to collect left thumbnail information from deleted videos or pictures. We examine and describe the various thumbnail sources in Windows and propose a methodology for thumbnail collection and analysis from laptops or desktops. A machine learning algorithm is adopted to help speed up content from thumbnail pictures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20forensic" title="digital forensic">digital forensic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20tools" title=" forensic tools"> forensic tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soundness" title=" soundness"> soundness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thumbnail" title=" thumbnail"> thumbnail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCR" title=" OCR"> OCR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152619/forensic-analysis-of-thumbnail-images-in-windows-10" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28700</span> Adoption and Diffusion of Valuation Standards in the Forensic Accounting Community and in Courts: Facilitating and Inhibiting Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matteo%20Manera">Matteo Manera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariateresa%20Torchia"> Mariateresa Torchia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gregory%20Moscato"> Gregory Moscato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forensic accounting is a hot subject of research in accounting. Valuation remains one of the major topics for practitioners. Valuation standards are a powerful instrument that can contribute to a fair process: their use aims at reducing subjectivity and arbitrary decisions in courts. In most jurisdictions, valuation standards are not the law: forensic accountants are not obliged to use valuation standards when they perform valuation works for judges. To date, as far as we know, no literature work has investigated adoption and diffusion of valuation standards in the forensic accounting space. In this paper, we analyze the spread of valuation standards through the lenses of isomorphism and -as corollaries- of Agency Theory and Signaling Theory. Because of lack of research in the particular area of valuation standards adoption, the present work relies on qualitative, exploratory research, based on semi-structured interviews conducted (up to saturation) with expert forensic accountants. Our work digs into motivations behind adoption and diffusion, as well into perceptions of forensic accountants around benefits of valuation standards and into barriers to their diffusion: the result is that, while the vast majority of forensic accountants praise the great work of the standards setters in introducing valuation standards, it might be that less than 50% of forensic accountants actually use valuation standards, in courts. Our preliminary findings, to be supported or refuted by future research, lead us to address a “trilogy” of recommendations to the stakeholders involved in the process of adoption and diffusion of valuation standards in courts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20accounting" title="forensic accounting">forensic accounting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valuation%20standards" title=" valuation standards"> valuation standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adoption%20of%20standards" title=" adoption of standards"> adoption of standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivations" title=" motivations"> motivations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benefits" title=" benefits"> benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers" title=" barriers"> barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isomorphism" title=" Isomorphism"> Isomorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139052/adoption-and-diffusion-of-valuation-standards-in-the-forensic-accounting-community-and-in-courts-facilitating-and-inhibiting-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28699</span> Move Analysis of Death Row Statements: An Explanatory Study Applied to Death Row Statements in Texas Department of Criminal Justice Website</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giya%20Erina">Giya Erina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Linguists have analyzed the rhetorical structure of various forensic genres, but only a few have investigated the complete structure of death row statements. Unlike other forensic text types, such as suicide or ransom notes, the focus of death row statement analysis is not the authenticity or falsity of the text, but its intended meaning and its communicative purpose. As it constitutes their last statement before their execution, there are probably many things that inmates would like to express. This study mainly examines the rhetorical moves of 200 death row statements from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice website using rhetorical move analysis. The rhetorical moves identified in the statements will be classified based on their communicative purpose, and they will be grouped into moves and steps. A move structure will finally be suggested from the most common or characteristic moves and steps, as well as some sub-moves. However, because of some statements’ atypicality, some moves may appear in different parts of the texts or not at all. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Death%20row%20statements" title="Death row statements">Death row statements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20linguistics" title=" forensic linguistics"> forensic linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genre%20analysis" title=" genre analysis"> genre analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=move%20analysis" title=" move analysis"> move analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73596/move-analysis-of-death-row-statements-an-explanatory-study-applied-to-death-row-statements-in-texas-department-of-criminal-justice-website" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28698</span> Credible Autopsy Report for Investigators and Judiciary</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20K.%20Gupta">Sudhir K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: When a forensic doctor determines that a suspicious death is a suicide, homicide, or accident, the decision virtually becomes incontestable by the investigating police officer, and it becomes an issue whether the medical opinion was created with necessary checks and balances on the other probabilities of the case. It is suggested that the opinion of Forensic Medical experts is conventional, mutable, and shifting from one expert to another. The determination of suicide, accident, or homicide is mandatorily required, which is the Gold Standard for conducting death investigations. Forensic investigations serve many audiences, but the court is by far the most critical. The likely questions on direct and cross-examination determine how forensic doctors gather and handle evidence and what conclusions they reach. Methodology: The author interacted with the investigative authority, and a crime scene visit was also done along with the perusal of the Postmortem report, subsequent opinion, and crime scene photographs and statements of the witness and accused. Further analysis of all relevant scientific documents and opinions of other forensic doctors, forensic scientists, and ballistic experts involved in these cases was done to arrive at an opinion with scientific justification. Findings: The opinions arrived at by the author and how they helped the judiciary in delivering justice in these cases have been discussed in this article. This can help the readers to understand the process involved in formulating a credible forensic medical expert opinion for investigators and the judiciary. Conclusion: A criminal case might be won or lost over doubt cast on the chain of custody. Medically trained forensic doctors, therefore, learn to practice their profession in legally appropriate ways, and opinions must be based on medical justifications with credible references. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20doctor" title="forensic doctor">forensic doctor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20credibility" title=" professional credibility"> professional credibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investigation" title=" investigation"> investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20opinion" title=" expert opinion"> expert opinion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156415/credible-autopsy-report-for-investigators-and-judiciary" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28697</span> DNA as an Instrument in Constructing Narratives and Justice in Criminal Investigations: A Socio-Epistemological Exploration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aadita%20Chaudhury">Aadita Chaudhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since at least the early 2000s, DNA profiling has achieved a preeminent status in forensic investigations into criminal acts. While the criminal justice system has a long history of using forensic evidence and testing them through establish technoscientific means, the primacy of DNA in establishing 'truth' or reconstructing a series of events is unparalleled in the history of forensic science. This paper seeks to elucidate the ways in which DNA profiling has become the most authoritative instrument of 'truth' in criminal investigations, and how it is used in the legal process to ascertain culpability, create the notion of infallible evidence, and advance the search for justice. It is argued that DNA profiling has created a paradigm shift in how the legal system and the general public understands crime and culpability, but not without limitations. There are indications that even trace amounts of DNA evidence can point to causal links in a criminal investigation, however, there still remains many rooms to create confusion and doubt from empirical evidence within the narrative of crimes. Many of the shortcomings of DNA-based forensic investigations are explored and evaluated with regards to claims of the authority of biological evidence and implications for the public understanding of the elusive concepts of truth and justice in the present era. Public misinformation about the forensic analysis processes could produce doubt or faith in the judgements rooted in them, depending on other variables presented at the trial. A positivist understanding of forensic science that is shared by the majority of the population does not take into consideration that DNA evidence is far from definitive, and can be used to support any theories of culpability, to create doubt and to deflect blame. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20profiling" title="DNA profiling">DNA profiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epistemology%20of%20forensic%20science" title=" epistemology of forensic science"> epistemology of forensic science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy%20of%20forensic%20science" title=" philosophy of forensic science"> philosophy of forensic science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociology%20of%20scientific%20knowledge" title=" sociology of scientific knowledge"> sociology of scientific knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70471/dna-as-an-instrument-in-constructing-narratives-and-justice-in-criminal-investigations-a-socio-epistemological-exploration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28696</span> Forensic Comparison of Facial Images for Human Identification </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20P.%20Gangwar">D. P. Gangwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Identification of human through facial images has got great importance in forensic science. The video recordings, CCTV footage, passports, driver licenses and other related documents are invariably sent to the laboratory for comparison of the questioned photographs as well as video recordings with suspected photographs/recordings to prove the identity of a person. More than 300 questioned and 300 control photographs received in actual crime cases, received from various investigation agencies, have been compared by me so far using various familiar analysis and comparison techniques such as Holistic comparison, Morphological analysis, Photo-anthropometry and superimposition. On the basis of findings obtained during the examination huge photo exhibits, a realistic and comprehensive technique has been proposed which could be very useful for forensic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCTV%20Images" title="CCTV Images">CCTV Images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20features" title=" facial features"> facial features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo-anthropometry" title=" photo-anthropometry"> photo-anthropometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superimposition" title=" superimposition"> superimposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31353/forensic-comparison-of-facial-images-for-human-identification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28695</span> Filtering and Reconstruction System for Grey-Level Forensic Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahd%20Aljarf">Ahd Aljarf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Amin"> Saad Amin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Images are important source of information used as evidence during any investigation process. Their clarity and accuracy is essential and of the utmost importance for any investigation. Images are vulnerable to losing blocks and having noise added to them either after alteration or when the image was taken initially, therefore, having a high performance image processing system and it is implementation is very important in a forensic point of view. This paper focuses on improving the quality of the forensic images. For different reasons packets that store data can be affected, harmed or even lost because of noise. For example, sending the image through a wireless channel can cause loss of bits. These types of errors might give difficulties generally for the visual display quality of the forensic images. Two of the images problems: noise and losing blocks are covered. However, information which gets transmitted through any way of communication may suffer alteration from its original state or even lose important data due to the channel noise. Therefore, a developed system is introduced to improve the quality and clarity of the forensic images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20filtering" title="image filtering">image filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20reconstruction" title=" image reconstruction"> image reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20images" title=" forensic images"> forensic images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15654/filtering-and-reconstruction-system-for-grey-level-forensic-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28694</span> Mass Flux and Forensic Assessment: Informed Remediation Decision Making at One of Canada’s Most Polluted Sites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20R.%20Walker">Tony R. Walker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Devin%20MacAskill"> N. Devin MacAskill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Thalhiemer"> Andrew Thalhiemer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sydney Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada has long been subject to effluent and atmospheric inputs of contaminants, including thousands of tons of PAHs from a large coking and steel plant which operated in Sydney for nearly a century. Contaminants comprised of coal tar residues which were discharged from coking ovens into a small tidal tributary, which became known as the Sydney Tar Ponds (STPs), and subsequently discharged into Sydney Harbour. An Environmental Impact Statement concluded that mobilization of contaminated sediments posed unacceptable ecological risks, therefore immobilizing contaminants in the STPs using solidification and stabilization was identified as a primary source control remediation option to mitigate against continued transport of contaminated sediments from the STPs into Sydney Harbour. Recent developments in contaminant mass flux techniques focus on understanding “mobile” vs. “immobile” contaminants at remediation sites. Forensic source evaluations are also increasingly used for understanding origins of PAH contaminants in soils or sediments. Flux and forensic source evaluation-informed remediation decision-making uses this information to develop remediation end point goals aimed at reducing off-site exposure and managing potential ecological risk. This study included reviews of previous flux studies, calculating current mass flux estimates and a forensic assessment using PAH fingerprint techniques, during remediation of one of Canada’s most polluted sites at the STPs. Historically, the STPs was thought to be the major source of PAH contamination in Sydney Harbour with estimated discharges of nearly 800 kg/year of PAHs. However, during three years of remediation monitoring only 17-97 kg/year of PAHs were discharged from the STPs, which was also corroborated by an independent PAH flux study during the first year of remediation which estimated 119 kg/year. The estimated mass efflux of PAHs from the STPs during remediation was in stark contrast to ~2000 kg loading thought necessary to cause a short term increase in harbour sediment PAH concentrations. These mass flux estimates during remediation were also between three to eight times lower than PAHs discharged from the STPs a decade prior to remediation, when at the same time, government studies demonstrated on-going reduction in PAH concentrations in harbour sediments. Flux results were also corroborated using forensic source evaluations using PAH fingerprint techniques which found a common source of PAHs for urban soils, marine and aquatic sediments in and around Sydney. Coal combustion (from historical coking) and coal dust transshipment (from current coal transshipment facilities), are likely the principal source of PAHs in these media and not migration of PAH laden sediments from the STPs during a large scale remediation project. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contaminated%20sediment" title="contaminated sediment">contaminated sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20flux" title=" mass flux"> mass flux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20source%20evaluations" title=" forensic source evaluations"> forensic source evaluations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remediation" title=" remediation"> remediation</a> </p> <a 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