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data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เมนูหลัก</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การนำทาง </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="เยี่ยมชมหน้าหลัก [z]" accesskey="z"><span>หน้าหลัก</span></a></li><li id="n-ask" class="mw-list-item"><a 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placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">สายตาสั้น</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 83 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopie" title="Miopie – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Miopie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miop%C3%ADa" title="Miopía – อารากอน" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Miopía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="อารากอน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1" title="قصر النظر – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قصر النظر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="নিকটদৃষ্টি – อัสสัม" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নিকটদৃষ্টি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="อัสสัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopiya_(yax%C4%B1ndang%C3%B6rm%C9%99)" title="Miopiya (yaxındangörmə) – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Miopiya (yaxındangörmə)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%85%DA%A9/%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="یاخین-گؤرمک/مییوپی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاخین-گؤرمک/مییوپی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Блізарукасць – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Блізарукасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Паніклівасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паніклівасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolong" title="Lolong – เบตาวี" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Lolong" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="เบตาวี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Късогледство – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Късогледство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="নিকটদৃষ্টি – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিকটদৃষ্টি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کورتبینی – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کورتبینی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1tkozrakost" title="Krátkozrakost – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krátkozrakost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rsynethed" title="Nærsynethed – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nærsynethed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคุณภาพ"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurzsichtigkeit" title="Kurzsichtigkeit – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kurzsichtigkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyopiye" title="Miyopiye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Miyopiye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%85%CF%89%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μυωπία – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μυωπία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia" title="Myopia – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Myopia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopeco" title="Miopeco – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Miopeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miop%C3%ADa" title="Miopía – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Miopía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BChin%C3%A4gevus" title="Lühinägevus – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lühinägevus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="نزدیک‌بینی – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نزدیک‌بینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likin%C3%A4k%C3%B6isyys" title="Likinäköisyys – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Likinäköisyys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopie" title="Myopie – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Myopie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B3ipe" title="Mióipe – ไอริช" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mióipe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ไอริช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miop%C3%ADa" title="Miopía – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Miopía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%86" title="માયોપીઆ – คุชราต" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="માયોપીઆ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="คุชราต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusa_da_hangen_nesa" title="Kusa da hangen nesa – เฮาซา" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kusa da hangen nesa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="เฮาซา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="קוצר ראייה – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוצר ראייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7" title="निकटदृष्टि दोष – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="निकटदृष्टि दोष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6vidl%C3%A1t%C3%A1s" title="Rövidlátás – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rövidlátás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կարճատեսություն – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարճատեսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabun_jauh" title="Rabun jauh – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rabun jauh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rs%C3%BDni" title="Nærsýni – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nærsýni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96" title="近視 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="近視" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Жақыннан көргіштік – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жақыннан көргіштік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EC%8B%9C" title="근시 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="근시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Алыстан начар көрүү – คีร์กีซ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алыстан начар көрүү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="คีร์กีซ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia" title="Myopia – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Myopia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumparegyst%C4%97" title="Trumparegystė – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Trumparegystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvredz%C4%ABba" title="Tuvredzība – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tuvredzība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Кратковидост – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кратковидост" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="ഹ്രസ്വദൃഷ്ടി – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹ്രസ്വദൃഷ്ടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="ऱ्हस्वदृष्टी – มราฐี" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऱ्हस्वदृष्टी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="มราฐี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF" title="अदूर दृष्टि – เนปาล" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अदूर दृष्टि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="เนปาล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijziendheid" title="Bijziendheid – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bijziendheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6rsynthet" title="Nærsynthet – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nærsynthet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF" title="ସମୀପଦୃଷ୍ଟି – โอดิยา" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସମୀପଦୃଷ୍ଟି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="โอดิยา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਨਿਕਟ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ ਦੋਸ਼ – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਕਟ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ ਦੋਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3tkowzroczno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Krótkowzroczność – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krótkowzroczność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopie" title="Miopie – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Miopie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Близорукость – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Близорукость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%85%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF)" title="Миопия (ырааҕы мөлтөхтүк көрүү) – ซาคา" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Миопия (ырааҕы мөлтөхтүк көрүү)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ซาคา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia" title="Myopia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Myopia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1tkozrakos%C5%A5" title="Krátkozrakosť – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Krátkozrakosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopia" title="Miopia – แอลเบเนีย" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Miopia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="แอลเบเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratkovidnost" title="Kratkovidnost – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kratkovidnost" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4rsynthet" title="Närsynthet – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Närsynthet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoni_mfupi" title="Uoni mfupi – สวาฮีลี" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uoni mfupi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="สวาฮีลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88" title="கிட்டப்பார்வை – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிட்டப்பார்வை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF" title="హ్రస్వ దృష్టి – เตลูกู" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హ్రస్వ దృష్టి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="เตลูกู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyopi" title="Miyopi – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Miyopi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Күрәкарау – ตาตาร์" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күрәкарау" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ตาตาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Короткозорість – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Короткозорість" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="قریبی بصارت – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قریبی بصارت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miopiya" title="Miopiya – อุซเบก" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Miopiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="อุซเบก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_th%E1%BB%8B" title="Cận thị – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cận thị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyopeye" title="Miyopeye – วอลลูน" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Miyopeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="วอลลูน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A7%86" title="近视 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="近视" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaenhyanx" title="Dagaenhyanx – จ้วง" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dagaenhyanx" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="จ้วง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96" title="近視 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="近視" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96" title="近視 – จีนคลาสสิก" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="近視" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="จีนคลาสสิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%ABn-s%C4%AB" title="Kīn-sī – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kīn-sī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96" title="近視 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="近視" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q168403#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99&oldid=11940231" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99&id=11940231&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%2599"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%2599"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Myopia" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q168403" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background:#ccc">สายตาสั้น</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">ชื่ออื่น</th><td>short-sightedness, near-sightedness</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Myopia.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Myopia.gif/300px-Myopia.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Myopia.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="308" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">ภาพแสดงการเปลี่ยนแปลงในดวงตาที่มีอาการสายตาสั้น</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="การแพทย์เฉพาะทาง">สาขาวิชา</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="จักษุวิทยา">จักษุวิทยา</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ทัศนมาตรศาสตร์">ทัศนมาตรศาสตร์</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="อาการ">อาการ</a></th><td>วัตถุที่อยู่ไกลจะ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7" title="ตามัว">มัว</a> วัตถุที่อยู่ใกล้ดูปกติ, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ปวดกัว (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ปวดกัว</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ตาล้า (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ตาล้า</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIH2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ภาวะแทรกซ้อน</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จอตาหลุดลอก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">จอตาหลุดลอก</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="โรคต้อกระจก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โรคต้อกระจก</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="โรคต้อหิน">โรคต้อหิน</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fos2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">สาเหตุ</th><td>ผสมระหว่างปัจจัยทางพันธุกรรมและสิ่งแวดล้อม<sup id="cite_ref-Fos2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ปัจจัยเสี่ยง</th><td>ทำงานแบบใกล้, ใช้เวลาข้างในมากกว่า, ประวัติครอบครัว<sup id="cite_ref-Fos2014_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pan2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pan2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="การวินิจฉัยทางการแพทย์">วิธีวินิจฉัย</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การตรวจตา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การตรวจตา</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIH2010_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="การป้องกัน">การป้องกัน</a></th><td>ไม่ทราบ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">การรักษา</th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="แว่นตา">แว่นตา</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="เลนส์สัมผัส">เลนส์สัมผัส</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ผ่าตัด">ผ่าตัด</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIH2010_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ความชุก">ความชุก</a></th><td>1.5 พันล้านคน (22%)<sup id="cite_ref-Fos2014_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hol2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hol2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>สายตาสั้น</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">myopia, near-sightedness, short-sightedness</span>) เป็นภาวะของตาซึ่งแสงที่เข้ามาไม่ตกบน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="จอตา">จอตา</a>โดยตรง แต่ตกหน้ากว่า<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2010_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fos2014_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ทำให้ภาพที่บุคคลเห็นเมื่อมองวัตถุไกลอยู่นอกจุดรวม แต่ในจุดรวมเมื่อมองวัตถุใกล้<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2010_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ภาวะแทรกซ้อนที่เกี่ยวข้องได้แก่<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="ปวดหัว">ปวดหัว</a>และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ตาล้า (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ตาล้า</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIH2010_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> อาการสายตาสั้นมักมีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องกับคววามเสี่ยงต่อ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="จอตาหลุดลอก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">จอตาหลุดลอก</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="โรคต้อกระจก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โรคต้อกระจก</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="โรคต้อหิน">โรคต้อหิน</a>มากขึ้น<sup id="cite_ref-Fos2014_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>วิชาชีพการดูแลตาแก้ไขสายตาสั้นด้วยการใช้เลนส์บำบัดมากที่สุด เช่น <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="แว่นตา">แว่นตา</a>หรือ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="เลนส์สัมผัส">เลนส์สัมผัส</a> นอกจากนี้ ยังอาจแก้ไขได้โดยศัลยกรรมหักเหแสง แม้มีกรณีผลข้างเคียงที่สัมพันธ์ เลนส์บำบัดมีกำลังสายตาเป็นลบ (คือ มีผลเว้าสุทธิ) ซึ่งชดเชยไดออพเตอร์ (diopter) บวกเกินของตาที่สั้น โดยทั่วไปไดออพเตอร์ลบใช้อธิบายความรุนแรงของสายตาสั้น และเป็นค่าของเลนส์เพื่อแก้ไขตา สายตาสั้นขั้นสูงหรือสายตาสั้นรุนแรงนิยามโดย -6 ไดออพเตอร์หรือเลวกว่านั้น<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>อาการสายตาสั้นเป็นอาการที่พบได้มากที่สุดและประมาณการว่าส่งผลกระทบถึง 1.5 พันล้านคน (22% ของประชากรทั่วโลก)<sup id="cite_ref-Fos2014_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hol2014_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hol2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> โดยมีอัตราในแต่ละประเทศแตกต่างกัน<sup id="cite_ref-Fos2014_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fos2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> อัตราในวัยผู้ใหญ่อยู่ที่ร้อยละ 15 ถึง 49<sup id="cite_ref-Pan2012_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pan2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pan2015_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pan2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ตรงข้ามกับสายตาสั้น คือ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="สายตายาว (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สายตายาว</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NIH2010-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIH2010_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIH2010_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIH2010_1-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIH2010_1-3">1.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIH2010_1-4">1.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIH2010_1-5">1.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nei.nih.gov/health/errors/errors">"Facts About Refractive Errors"</a>. <i>NEI</i>. October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160728000730/https://nei.nih.gov/health/errors/errors">เก็บ</a>จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 28 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NEI&rft.atitle=Facts+About+Refractive+Errors&rft.date=2010-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnei.nih.gov%2Fhealth%2Ferrors%2Ferrors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fos2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fos2014_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fos2014_2-1">2.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fos2014_2-2">2.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fos2014_2-3">2.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fos2014_2-4">2.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fos2014_2-5">2.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fos2014_2-6">2.6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fos2014_2-7">2.7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFFosterJiang2014" class="citation journal cs1">Foster PJ, Jiang Y (February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930282">"Epidemiology of myopia"</a>. <i>Eye</i>. <b>28</b> (2): 202–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Feye.2013.280">10.1038/eye.2013.280</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930282">3930282</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24406412">24406412</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eye&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+myopia&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=202-8&rft.date=2014-02&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3930282%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24406412&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Feye.2013.280&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=PJ&rft.au=Jiang%2C+Y&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3930282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pan2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pan2012_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pan2012_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFPanRamamurthySaw2012" class="citation journal cs1">Pan CW, Ramamurthy D, Saw SM (January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-1313.2011.00884.x">"Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia"</a>. <i>Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics</i>. <b>32</b> (1): 3–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-1313.2011.00884.x">10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22150586">22150586</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32397628">32397628</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ophthalmic+%26+Physiological+Optics&rft.atitle=Worldwide+prevalence+and+risk+factors+for+myopia&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-16&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32397628%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22150586&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1475-1313.2011.00884.x&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=CW&rft.au=Ramamurthy%2C+D&rft.au=Saw%2C+SM&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1475-1313.2011.00884.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hol2014-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hol2014_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Hol2014_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFHoldenSankaridurgSmithAller2014" class="citation journal cs1">Holden B, Sankaridurg P, Smith E, Aller T, Jong M, He M (February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930268">"Myopia, an underrated global challenge to vision: where the current data takes us on myopia control"</a>. <i>Eye</i>. <b>28</b> (2): 142–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Feye.2013.256">10.1038/eye.2013.256</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3930268">3930268</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24357836">24357836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eye&rft.atitle=Myopia%2C+an+underrated+global+challenge+to+vision%3A+where+the+current+data+takes+us+on+myopia+control&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=142-6&rft.date=2014-02&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3930268%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24357836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Feye.2013.256&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Sankaridurg%2C+P&rft.au=Smith%2C+E&rft.au=Aller%2C+T&rft.au=Jong%2C+M&rft.au=He%2C+M&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3930268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=21992936"><i>Etiopathogenesis and management of high-degree myopia. Part I</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etiopathogenesis+and+management+of+high-degree+myopia.+Part+I&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcat.inist.fr%2F%3FaModele%3DafficheN%26cpsidt%3D21992936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pan2015-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pan2015_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFPanDiraniChengWong2015" class="citation journal cs1">Pan CW, Dirani M, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Saw SM (March 2015). "The age-specific prevalence of myopia in Asia: a meta-analysis". <i>Optometry and Vision Science</i>. <b>92</b> (3): 258–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2Fopx.0000000000000516">10.1097/opx.0000000000000516</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25611765">25611765</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42359341">42359341</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Optometry+and+Vision+Science&rft.atitle=The+age-specific+prevalence+of+myopia+in+Asia%3A+a+meta-analysis&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=258-66&rft.date=2015-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42359341%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25611765&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2Fopx.0000000000000516&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=CW&rft.au=Dirani%2C+M&rft.au=Cheng%2C+CY&rft.au=Wong%2C+TY&rft.au=Saw%2C+SM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span id=".E0.B9.81.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A5.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.82.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B7.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.99"></span>แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row">การจำแนกโรค</th><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168403" class="extiw" title="d:Q168403">D</a></div><div class="hlist hlist-separated" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/H52.1">H52.1</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_ICD-9_codes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of ICD-9 codes (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=367.1">367.1</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D009216">D009216</a></li><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diseases_Database&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diseases Database (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb8729.htm">8729</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ทรัพยากรภายนอก</th><td style="text-align:left;"><div class="hlist hlist-separated" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=MedlinePlus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MedlinePlus (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001023.htm">001023</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10552737">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/w/index.php?title=ICD-10_Chapter_VII:_Diseases_of_the_eye,_adnexa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICD-10 Chapter VII: Diseases of the eye, adnexa (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">H00–H59</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_ICD-9_codes_360%E2%80%93389:_diseases_of_the_sense_organs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of ICD-9 codes 360–389: diseases of the sense organs (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">360–379</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessory_visual_structures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Accessory visual structures (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อวัยวะเคียงลูกตา</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eyelid_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyelid disease (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">eyelid</a>:</i> <i>inflammation</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stye (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Stye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalazion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalazion">ปรวดหนังตา</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blepharitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blepharitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Blepharitis</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Entropion" class="mw-redirect" title="Entropion">Entropion</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ectropion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ectropion (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Ectropion</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Lagophthalmos" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagophthalmos">Lagophthalmos</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blepharochalasis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blepharochalasis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Blepharochalasis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ptosis_(eyelid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptosis (eyelid)">Ptosis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blepharophimosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blepharophimosis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Blepharophimosis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanthelasma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xanthelasma (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Xanthelasma</a> <b>·</b>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eyelash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eyelash (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">eyelash</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trichiasis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trichiasis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Trichiasis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madarosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madarosis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Madarosis</a>)</div> <div><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lacrimal_apparatus_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lacrimal apparatus disease (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">lacrimal system</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dacryoadenitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacryoadenitis">Dacryoadenitis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiphora_(medicine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epiphora (medicine) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Epiphora</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dacryocystitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dacryocystitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Dacryocystitis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xerophthalmia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xerophthalmia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Xerophthalmia</a></div> <div><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbital_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbital disease (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">orbit</a>:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exophthalmos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exophthalmos (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ตาโปน</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Enophthalmos" class="mw-redirect" title="Enophthalmos">ตาหวำลึก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbital_cellulitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbital cellulitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Orbital cellulitis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Periorbital_cellulitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periorbital cellulitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Periorbital cellulitis</a></div> <div><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjunctival_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conjunctival disease (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">conjunctiva</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Conjunctivitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjunctivitis">Conjunctivitis</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Allergic_conjunctivitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allergic conjunctivitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Allergic conjunctivitis</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pterygium_(conjunctiva)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pterygium (conjunctiva) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Pterygium</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinguecula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinguecula (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Pinguecula</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Subconjunctival_hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Subconjunctival hemorrhage">Subconjunctival hemorrhage</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Globe_(human_eye)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Globe (human eye) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ลูกตา</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fibrous_tunic_of_eyeball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fibrous tunic of eyeball (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ผนังลูกตาชั้นนอก</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sclera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sclera (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">sclera</a>:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scleritis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scleritis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Scleritis</a><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corneal_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corneal disease (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">cornea</a>:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keratitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keratitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Keratitis</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Herpetic_keratitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herpetic keratitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Herpetic keratitis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthamoeba_keratitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acanthamoeba keratitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Acanthamoeba keratitis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fungal_keratitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fungal keratitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Fungal keratitis</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corneal_ulcer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corneal ulcer (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Corneal ulcer</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Photokeratitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photokeratitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Photokeratitis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thygeson%27s_superficial_punctate_keratopathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corneal_dystrophy_(human)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corneal dystrophy (human) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Corneal dystrophy</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuchs%27_dystrophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuchs' dystrophy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Fuchs'</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meesmann_juvenile_epithelial_corneal_dystrophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meesmann juvenile epithelial corneal dystrophy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Meesmann</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keratoconus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keratoconus (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Keratoconus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keratoconjunctivitis_sicca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Keratoconjunctivitis sicca</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keratoconjunctivitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keratoconjunctivitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Keratoconjunctivitis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corneal_neovascularization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corneal neovascularization (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Corneal neovascularization</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayser-Fleischer_ring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayser-Fleischer ring (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Kayser-Fleischer ring</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcus_senilis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arcus senilis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Arcus senilis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Band_keratopathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Band keratopathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Band keratopathy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uvea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uvea (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ผนังลูกตาชั้นกลาง</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="ม่านตา_และ_ซิลิอารีบอดี" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iris_(anatomy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iris (anatomy) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ม่านตา</a> และ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciliary_body&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciliary body (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซิลิอารีบอดี</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iritis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iritis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Iritis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uveitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uveitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Uveitis</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Intermediate_uveitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intermediate uveitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Intermediate uveitis</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iridocyclitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iridocyclitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Iridocyclitis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyphema (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Hyphema</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubeosis_iridis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubeosis iridis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Rubeosis iridis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persistent_pupillary_membrane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persistent pupillary membrane (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Persistent pupillary membrane</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iridodialysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iridodialysis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Iridodialysis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Synechia_(eye)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synechia (eye) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Synechia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choroid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choroid (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คอรอยด์</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choroideremia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choroideremia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Choroideremia</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choroiditis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choroiditis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Choroiditis</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Chorioretinitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chorioretinitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Chorioretinitis</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lens_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lens disease (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แก้วตา</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cataract" class="mw-redirect" title="Cataract">ต้อกระจก</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aphakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aphakia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Aphakia</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ectopia_lentis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ectopia lentis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Ectopia lentis</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinal_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retinal disease (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">จอตา</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retinitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Retinitis</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Chorioretinitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chorioretinitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Chorioretinitis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cytomegalovirus_retinitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cytomegalovirus retinitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Cytomegalovirus retinitis</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Retinal_detachment" class="mw-redirect" title="Retinal detachment">Retinal detachment</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinoschisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retinoschisis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Retinoschisis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocular_ischemic_syndrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocular ischemic syndrome (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Ocular ischemic syndrome</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_retinal_vein_occlusion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central retinal vein occlusion (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Central retinal vein occlusion</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinopathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retinopathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Retinopathy</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bietti%27s_crystalline_dystrophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bietti's crystalline dystrophy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Bietti's crystalline dystrophy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coats_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coats disease (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Coats disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabetic_retinopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetic retinopathy">Diabetic retinopathy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensive_retinopathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypertensive retinopathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Hypertensive retinopathy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retinopathy_of_prematurity" class="mw-redirect" title="Retinopathy of prematurity">Retinopathy of prematurity</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1" title="โรคจุดภาพชัดของจอตาเสื่อม">โรคจุดภาพชัดของจอตาเสื่อม</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Retinitis_pigmentosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Retinitis pigmentosa">Retinitis pigmentosa</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retinal_haemorrhage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retinal haemorrhage (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Retinal haemorrhage</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_serous_retinopathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central serous retinopathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Central serous retinopathy</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macular_edema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macular edema (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Macular edema</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epiretinal_membrane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epiretinal membrane (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Epiretinal membrane</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macular_pucker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macular pucker (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Macular pucker</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitelliform_macular_dystrophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitelliform macular dystrophy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Vitelliform macular dystrophy</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leber%27s_congenital_amaurosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leber's congenital amaurosis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Leber's congenital amaurosis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Birdshot_chorioretinopathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birdshot chorioretinopathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Birdshot chorioretinopathy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">อื่น ๆ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaucoma">ต้อหิน</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocular_hypertension&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocular hypertension (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Ocular hypertension</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Floater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floater (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Floater</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leber%27s_hereditary_optic_neuropathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_eye_(medicine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red eye (medicine) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Red eye</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fungal_keratitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fungal keratitis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Keratomycosis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phthisis_bulbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phthisis bulbi (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Phthisis bulbi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99" title="ระบบการเห็น">วิถีการเห็น</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="ประสาทตา_และจานประสาทตา" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Optic nerve">ประสาทตา</a> และ<br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="จุดบอด">จานประสาทตา</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optic_neuritis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optic neuritis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Optic neuritis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papilledema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papilledema (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Papilledema</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Foster_Kennedy_syndrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foster Kennedy syndrome (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Foster Kennedy syndrome</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optic_atrophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optic atrophy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Optic atrophy</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Optic_neuropathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optic neuropathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Optic neuropathy</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leber%27s_hereditary_optic_neuropathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kjer%27s_optic_neuropathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kjer's optic neuropathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Kjer's optic neuropathy</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optic_disc_drusen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optic disc drusen (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Optic disc drusen</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toxic_and_nutritional_optic_neuropathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ischemic_optic_neuropathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ischemic optic neuropathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Ischemic optic neuropathy</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">AION</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Posterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">PION</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocular_muscles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocular muscles (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กล้ามเนื้อตา</a>,<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binocular_movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binocular movement (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การเคลื่อนไหวแบบสองตา</a>,<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accommodation_(eye)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Accommodation (eye) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การปรับตาดูใกล้ไกล</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/wiki/Strabismus#Paralytic_strabismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Strabismus">ตาเหล่จากอัมพาต</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophthalmoparesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ophthalmoparesis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Ophthalmoparesis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Progressive_external_ophthalmoplegia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progressive external ophthalmoplegia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Progressive external ophthalmoplegia</a> <b>·</b>  <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranial_nerve_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cranial nerve disease (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Palsy</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oculomotor_nerve_palsy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oculomotor nerve palsy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">III</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fourth_nerve_palsy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fourth nerve palsy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">IV</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sixth_nerve_palsy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sixth nerve palsy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">VI</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kearns-Sayre_syndrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kearns-Sayre syndrome (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Kearns-Sayre syndrome</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/wiki/Strabismus#Other_strabismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Strabismus">ตาเหล่แบบอื่น</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esotropia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esotropia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Esotropia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Exotropia" class="mw-redirect" title="Exotropia">Exotropia</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertropia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypertropia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Hypertropia</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterophoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterophoria (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Heterophoria</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Esophoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esophoria (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Esophoria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exophoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exophoria (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Exophoria</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brown%27s_syndrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brown's syndrome (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Brown's syndrome</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duane_syndrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duane syndrome (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Duane syndrome</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">ด้วยสองตาอื่น ๆ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjugate_gaze_palsy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conjugate gaze palsy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Conjugate gaze palsy</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Convergence_insufficiency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convergence insufficiency (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Convergence insufficiency</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Internuclear_ophthalmoplegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Internuclear ophthalmoplegia">Internuclear ophthalmoplegia</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=One_and_a_half_syndrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="One and a half syndrome (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">One and a half syndrome</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB" title="การหักเห">การหักเห</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refractive_error&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refractive error (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Refractive error</a>:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyperopia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Hyperopia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Myopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Myopia">Myopia</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astigmatism_(eye)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astigmatism (eye) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Astigmatism</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anisometropia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anisometropia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Anisometropia</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aniseikonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aniseikonia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Aniseikonia</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presbyopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presbyopia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Presbyopia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_disturbance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visual disturbance (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ความผิดปกติของการเห็น</a><br />และ <a href="/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">ตาบอด</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amblyopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amblyopia">Amblyopia</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leber%27s_congenital_amaurosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leber's congenital amaurosis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Leber's congenital amaurosis</a> <b>·</b>  <i>Subjective</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asthenopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asthenopia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Asthenopia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemeralopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemeralopia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Hemeralopia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Photophobia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photophobia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Photophobia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scintillating_scotoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scintillating scotoma (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Scintillating scotoma</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Diplopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplopia">Diplopia</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scotoma (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Scotoma</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anopsia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anopsia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Anopsia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Binasal_hemianopsia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binasal hemianopsia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Binasal hemianopsia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitemporal_hemianopsia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitemporal hemianopsia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Bitemporal hemianopsia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homonymous_hemianopsia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homonymous hemianopsia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Homonymous hemianopsia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadrantanopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quadrantanopia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Quadrantanopia</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Color_blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Color blindness">Color blindness</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Achromatopsia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achromatopsia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Achromatopsia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dichromacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dichromacy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Dichromacy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monochromacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monochromacy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Monochromacy</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyctalopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyctalopia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Nyctalopia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oguchi_disease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oguchi disease (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Oguchi disease</a>) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">Blindness</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_vision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low vision (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Low vision</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pupil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pupil (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รูม่านตา</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anisocoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anisocoria (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Anisocoria</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Argyll_Robertson_pupil" class="mw-redirect" title="Argyll Robertson pupil">Argyll Robertson pupil</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Gunn_pupil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Gunn pupil (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Marcus Gunn pupil</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adie_syndrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adie syndrome (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Adie syndrome</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miosis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Miosis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Mydriasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mydriasis">Mydriasis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycloplegia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cycloplegia (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Cycloplegia</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Parinaud%27s_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Parinaud's syndrome">Parinaud's syndrome</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon">อื่น ๆ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nystagmus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nystagmus (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Nystagmus</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LemonChiffon"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eye_infection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eye infection (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การติดเชื้อที่ตา</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Trachoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Trachoma">ริดสีดวงตา</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Onchocerciasis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onchocerciasis (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Onchocerciasis</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><hr /> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="กล่องท้ายเรื่องที่เกี่ยวกับ:ตา" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;background:LemonChiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="แม่แบบ:กล่องท้ายเรื่อง การแพทย์">กล่องท้ายเรื่อง</a>ที่เกี่ยวกับ:<br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="ตา">ตา</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;background:white;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">กายวิภาค (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Eye_anatomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Eye anatomy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ตา</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Accessory_organs_of_the_eye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Accessory organs of the eye (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อวัยวะเคียงลูกตา</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Visual_pathways&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Visual pathways (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">วิถีการเห็น</a>)/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Eye_and_ear_physiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Eye and ear physiology (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สรีรวิทยา</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Development_of_nervous_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Development of nervous system (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คัพภวิทยา</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Eye_proteins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Eye proteins (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โปรตีน</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;background:silver;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="แม่แบบ:โรคของตา">โรค</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_eye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Congenital malformations and deformations of eye (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ความผิดปกติแต่กำเนิด</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Eye_tumors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Eye tumors (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เนื้องอก</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Eponymous_medical_signs_for_eyes_and_ears&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Eponymous medical signs for eyes and ears (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชื่อบุคคล</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;background:#ccf;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Eye_procedures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Eye procedures (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">หัตถการ</a>, ยา (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Ophthalmological_anti-infectives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Ophthalmological anti-infectives (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">S1A</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Antiglaucoma_preparations_and_miotics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">1E</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Mydriatics_and_cycloplegics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Mydriatics and cycloplegics (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">1F</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Ocular_vascular_disorder_agents&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:Ocular vascular disorder agents (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">1L</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10791470"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11619334">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11619334"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11619334"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="วิธีใช้:การควบคุมรายการหลักฐาน">ฐานข้อมูลการควบคุมรายการหลักฐาน</a>: ประจำชาติ <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168403#identifiers" title="แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ"><img alt="แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Myopie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12182153m">ฝรั่งเศส</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Myopie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12182153m">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4073911-9">เยอรมนี</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555752005171">อิสราเอล</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Myopia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85089271">สหรัฐ</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565874">ญี่ปุ่น</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หมวดหมู่:ความผิดปกติของกล้ามเนื้อตา การเคลื่อนไหวสองตา การปรับตาดูใกล้ไกลและการหักแสง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ความผิดปกติของกล้ามเนื้อตา การเคลื่อนไหวสองตา การปรับตาดูใกล้ไกลและการหักแสง</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หมวดหมู่:การรับรู้ภาพ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การรับรู้ภาพ</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">หมวดหมู่ที่ซ่อนอยู่: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="หมวดหมู่:บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ">บทความที่มีข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ</a></li><li><a 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