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1949–1968 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Childhood_and_adolescence:_1949–1968-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_musical_career:_1969–1976" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_musical_career:_1969–1976"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Early musical career: 1969–1976 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_musical_career:_1969–1976-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Small_Change_and_Foreign_Affairs:_1976–1978" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Small_Change_and_Foreign_Affairs:_1976–1978"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Small Change and Foreign Affairs: 1976–1978 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Small_Change_and_Foreign_Affairs:_1976–1978-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blue_Valentine_and_Heartattack_and_Vine:_1978–1980" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blue_Valentine_and_Heartattack_and_Vine:_1978–1980"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Blue Valentine and Heartattack and Vine: 1978–1980 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blue_Valentine_and_Heartattack_and_Vine:_1978–1980-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swordfishtrombones_and_New_York_City:_1980–1984" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swordfishtrombones_and_New_York_City:_1980–1984"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Swordfishtrombones and New York City: 1980–1984 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swordfishtrombones_and_New_York_City:_1980–1984-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rain_Dogs_and_Franks_Wild_Years:_1985–1988" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rain_Dogs_and_Franks_Wild_Years:_1985–1988"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Rain Dogs and Franks Wild Years: 1985–1988 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rain_Dogs_and_Franks_Wild_Years:_1985–1988-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Black_Rider,_Bone_Machine,_and_Alice:_1989–1998" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Black_Rider,_Bone_Machine,_and_Alice:_1989–1998"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 The Black Rider, Bone Machine, and Alice: 1989–1998 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Black_Rider,_Bone_Machine,_and_Alice:_1989–1998-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mule_Variations_and_Woyzeck:_1999–2003" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mule_Variations_and_Woyzeck:_1999–2003"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Mule Variations and Woyzeck: 1999–2003 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mule_Variations_and_Woyzeck:_1999–2003-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Real_Gone_and_Orphans:_2004–2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Real_Gone_and_Orphans:_2004–2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 Real Gone and Orphans: 2004–2011 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Real_Gone_and_Orphans:_2004–2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bad_as_Me_and_later_work:_2011–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bad_as_Me_and_later_work:_2011–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 Bad as Me and later work: 2011–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bad_as_Me_and_later_work:_2011–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Musical style </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stage_persona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stage_persona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Stage persona </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stage_persona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collaborations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collaborations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Collaborations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collaborations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Reception and legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Discography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Tours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Filmography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Filmography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Film </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Television </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Tom Waits</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" > 53 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="توم وايتس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توم وايتس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="تام ویتس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تام ویتس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%8E%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Том Ўэйтс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Том Ўэйтс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Том Уейтс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Том Уейтс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CE%BC_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%82" title="Τομ Γουέιτς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τομ Γουέιτς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="تام ویتس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تام ویتس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%B0_%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%B8%A0" title="톰 웨이츠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="톰 웨이츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D5%B4_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%BD" title="Թոմ Ուեյթս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թոմ Ուեյթս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A1" title="טום וייטס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טום וייטס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ტომ უეიტსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტომ უეიტსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Waits" title="Thomas Waits – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thomas Waits" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%82%D1%81" title="Том Вејтс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Том Вејтс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="توم وايتس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توم وايتس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84" title="トム・ウェイツ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トム・ウェイツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tom Waits" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Уэйтс, Том – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уэйтс, Том" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the singer and actor. For the actor and acting teacher, see <a href="/wiki/Thomas_G._Waites" title="Thomas G. Waites">Thomas G. Waites</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Tom Waits</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Waits_(1974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_headshot).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Tom_Waits_%281974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_headshot%29.jpg/220px-Tom_Waits_%281974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_headshot%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Tom_Waits_%281974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_headshot%29.jpg/330px-Tom_Waits_%281974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_headshot%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Tom_Waits_%281974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_headshot%29.jpg/440px-Tom_Waits_%281974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_headshot%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="995" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Waits <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1974–75.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Thomas Alan Waits</div> (1949-12-07) December 7, 1949 (age 75) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Pomona,_California" title="Pomona, California">Pomona, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Musician</li><li>composer</li><li>songwriter</li><li>actor</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1969–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Brennan" title="Kathleen Brennan">Kathleen Brennan</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1980)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Musical career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">Experimental</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Vocals</li><li>guitar</li><li>piano</li><li>harmonium</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Waits_discography" title="Tom Waits discography">Tom Waits discography</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_Records" title="Asylum Records">Asylum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ANTI-" class="mw-redirect" title="ANTI-">ANTI-</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tomwaits.com">tomwaits.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Thomas Alan Waits (born December 7, 1949) is an American musician, composer, songwriter, and actor. His lyrics often focus on society's underworld and are delivered in his trademark deep, gravelly voice. He began in the <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">folk</a> scene during the 1970s, but his music since the 1980s has reflected the influence of such diverse genres as <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delta_blues" title="Delta blues">Delta blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabaret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> and experimental techniques verging on <a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">industrial music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bowman-1">[1]</a> Per <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, Waits "has composed a body of work that's at least comparable to any songwriter's in pop today. A keen, sensitive and sympathetic chronicler of the adrift and downtrodden, Mr. Waits creates three-dimensional characters who, even in their confusion and despair, are capable of insight and startling points of view. Their stories are accompanied by music that's unlike any other in pop history."<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Tom Waits was born and raised in a middle-class family in <a href="/wiki/Pomona,_California" title="Pomona, California">Pomona, California</a>. Inspired by the work of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">Beat Generation</a>, he began singing on the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> folk circuit.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> He relocated to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> in 1972, where he worked as a songwriter before signing a recording contract with <a href="/wiki/Asylum_Records" title="Asylum Records">Asylum Records</a>. His first albums were the <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazzy</a> <a href="/wiki/Closing_Time_(album)" title="Closing Time (album)">Closing Time</a> (1973), <a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_Saturday_Night" title="The Heart of Saturday Night">The Heart of Saturday Night</a> (1974) and <a href="/wiki/Nighthawks_at_the_Diner" title="Nighthawks at the Diner">Nighthawks at the Diner</a> (1975), which reflected his lyrical interest in poverty, criminality and nightlife. He repeatedly toured the United States, Europe and Japan, and found greater critical and commercial success with <a href="/wiki/Small_Change_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Small Change (Tom Waits album)">Small Change</a> (1976), <a href="/wiki/Blue_Valentine_(album)" title="Blue Valentine (album)">Blue Valentine</a> (1978) and <a href="/wiki/Heartattack_and_Vine" title="Heartattack and Vine">Heartattack and Vine</a> (1980). During this period, Waits entered the world of film, acting in <a href="/wiki/Paradise_Alley" title="Paradise Alley">Paradise Alley</a> (1978), where he met a young story editor named <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Brennan" title="Kathleen Brennan">Kathleen Brennan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> He composed the <a href="/wiki/One_from_the_Heart_(album)" title="One from the Heart (album)">soundtrack</a> for <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a>'s <a href="/wiki/One_from_the_Heart" title="One from the Heart">One from the Heart</a> (1982) and made cameos in several subsequent Coppola films. In 1980, Waits married Brennan, split from his manager and record label, and moved to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. With Brennan's encouragement and frequent collaboration, he pursued a more eclectic and experimental sound influenced by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Harry Partch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Captain_Beefheart" title="Captain Beefheart">Captain Beefheart</a>, as heard on the loose trilogy <a href="/wiki/Swordfishtrombones" title="Swordfishtrombones">Swordfishtrombones</a> (1983), <a href="/wiki/Rain_Dogs" title="Rain Dogs">Rain Dogs</a> (1985) and <a href="/wiki/Franks_Wild_Years" title="Franks Wild Years">Franks Wild Years</a> (1987). Waits starred in <a href="/wiki/Jim_Jarmusch" title="Jim Jarmusch">Jim Jarmusch</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Down_by_Law_(film)" title="Down by Law (film)">Down by Law</a> (1986), lent his voice to his <a href="/wiki/Mystery_Train_(film)" title="Mystery Train (film)">Mystery Train</a> (1989), composed the <a href="/wiki/Night_on_Earth_(soundtrack)" title="Night on Earth (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a> for his <a href="/wiki/Night_on_Earth" title="Night on Earth">Night on Earth</a> (1991) and appeared in his <a href="/wiki/Coffee_and_Cigarettes" title="Coffee and Cigarettes">Coffee and Cigarettes</a> (2003). He collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilson_(director)" title="Robert Wilson (director)">Robert Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_S._Burroughs" title="William S. Burroughs">William S. Burroughs</a> on the "cowboy opera" <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Rider" title="The Black Rider">The Black Rider</a> (1990), the songs for which were released on the album <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Rider_(album)" title="The Black Rider (album)">The Black Rider</a>. Waits and Wilson collaborated again on Alice (2002) and <a href="/wiki/Woyzeck_(musical)" title="Woyzeck (musical)">Woyzeck</a> (2000). <a href="/wiki/Bone_Machine" title="Bone Machine">Bone Machine</a> (1992) and <a href="/wiki/Mule_Variations" title="Mule Variations">Mule Variations</a> (1999) won <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammys</a> for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Alternative_Music_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album">Best Alternative Music Album</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Contemporary_Folk_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album">Best Contemporary Folk Album</a>, respectively. In 2002, the songs from Alice and Wozzeck were recorded and released on the albums <a href="/wiki/Alice_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Alice (Tom Waits album)">Alice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_Money_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Blood Money (Tom Waits album)">Blood Money</a>. Waits went on to release <a href="/wiki/Real_Gone_(album)" title="Real Gone (album)">Real Gone</a> (2004), the compilation <a href="/wiki/Orphans:_Brawlers,_Bawlers_%26_Bastards" title="Orphans: Brawlers, Bawlers & Bastards">Orphans: Brawlers, Bawlers & Bastards</a> (2006), the live album <a href="/wiki/Glitter_and_Doom_Live" title="Glitter and Doom Live">Glitter and Doom Live</a> (2009) and <a href="/wiki/Bad_as_Me" title="Bad as Me">Bad as Me</a> (2011). Waits has influenced many artists and gained an international <a href="/wiki/Cult_following" title="Cult following">cult following</a>. His songs have been covered by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tori_Amos" title="Tori Amos">Tori Amos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rod_Stewart" title="Rod Stewart">Rod Stewart</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">Eagles</a> and he has written songs for <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a>, among others. In 2011, he was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>. Introducing him, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a> said: "This next man is indescribable, and I'm here to describe him. He's sort of a performer, singer, actor, magician, spirit guide, changeling... I think it's great that the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has recognized this immense talent. Could have been the Motion Picture Hall of Fame, could have been the Blues Hall of Fame, could have been the Performance Artist Hall of Fame, but it was the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame that recognized the great Tom Waits." In accepting the award, Waits mused, "They say that I have no hits and that I'm difficult to work with. And they say that like it's a bad thing!"<a href="#cite_note-Induction-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood_and_adolescence:_1949–1968">Childhood and adolescence: 1949–1968</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood and adolescence: 1949–1968">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Waits_(1968_yearbook_senior_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tom_Waits_%281968_yearbook_senior_portrait%29.jpg/220px-Tom_Waits_%281968_yearbook_senior_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tom_Waits_%281968_yearbook_senior_portrait%29.jpg/330px-Tom_Waits_%281968_yearbook_senior_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Tom_Waits_%281968_yearbook_senior_portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Waits as a high-school senior at <a href="/wiki/Hilltop_High_School_(Chula_Vista,_California)" title="Hilltop High School (Chula Vista, California)">Hilltop High School</a> in 1967. He dropped out at the age of 18.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200934-7">[7]</a></figcaption></figure> Thomas Alan Waits was born on December 7, 1949, in <a href="/wiki/Pomona,_California" title="Pomona, California">Pomona, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200710Hoskyns20096-8">[8]</a> He has one older and one younger sister.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200711Hoskyns20094-9">[9]</a> His father, Jesse Frank Waits, was a <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> native of Scots-Irish descent, and his mother, Alma Fern (née Johnson), hailed from <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> and had Norwegian ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns20096-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Alma, a regular church-goer, managed the household. Jesse taught Spanish at a local school and was an alcoholic; Waits later related that his father was "a tough one, always an outsider."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns20097–8-12">[12]</a> They lived at 318 North Pickering Avenue in <a href="/wiki/Whittier,_California" title="Whittier, California">Whittier, California</a>. He recalled having a "very middle-class" upbringing and "a pretty normal childhood". He attended Jordan Elementary School, where he was bullied. There, he learned to play the <a href="/wiki/Bugle" title="Bugle">bugle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>. His father taught him to play the <a href="/wiki/Ukulele" title="Ukulele">ukulele</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns20094,_8,_13–16,_27-13">[13]</a> During the summers, he visited maternal relatives in <a href="/wiki/Gridley,_California" title="Gridley, California">Gridley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marysville,_California" title="Marysville, California">Marysville</a>. He later recalled that it was an uncle's raspy, gravelly timbre that inspired his own singing voice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns20099,_11-14">[14]</a> In 1959, his parents separated and his father moved away from the family home, a traumatic experience for the 10-year-old Waits.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200716Hoskyns200917-15">[15]</a> Alma took her children and relocated to <a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista" class="mw-redirect" title="Chula Vista">Chula Vista</a>, a middle-class suburb of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200917-16">[16]</a> Jesse visited the family there, taking his children on trips to <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200717Hoskyns200919-17">[17]</a> In nearby <a href="/wiki/Southeast_San_Diego" title="Southeast San Diego">Southeast San Diego</a>, Waits attended <a href="/wiki/O%27Farrell_Community_School" title="O'Farrell Community School">O'Farrell Community School</a>, where he fronted a school band, the Systems,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200722Hoskyns200922-18">[18]</a> which he described as "white kids trying to get that <a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown</a> sound." He developed a love of <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a> singers like <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Pickett" title="Wilson Pickett">Wilson Pickett</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200919,_21–22-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> later became an inspiration; Waits placed transcriptions of Dylan's lyrics on his bedroom walls.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200922–23-20">[20]</a> Waits recalls: "I was fifteen and I snuck into see <a href="/wiki/Lightnin%27_Hopkins" title="Lightnin' Hopkins">Lightnin' Hopkins</a>. Amazing show. Every time he opened his mouth he had that orchestra of gold teeth, and I was devastated ... He walked through a door, and slammed the door behind him, and on the door it said, I swear to God, 'KEEP OUT. This room is for entertainers ONLY.' And I knew, at that moment, that I had to get into show business as soon as possible."<a href="#cite_note-Induction-6">[6]</a> He recalls: "I first saw <a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a> in 1962 at an outdoor theatre in San Diego and it was indescribable ... it was like putting a finger in a light socket ... It was really like seeing mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral on Christmas."<a href="#cite_note-Albums-21">[21]</a> By the time he was studying at <a href="/wiki/Hilltop_High_School_(Chula_Vista,_California)" title="Hilltop High School (Chula Vista, California)">Hilltop High School</a>, he later related, he was "kind of an amateur juvenile delinquent", interested in "malicious mischief" and breaking the law.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200923-22">[22]</a> He later described himself as a "rebel against the rebels", eschewing the <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> subculture which was growing in popularity for the 1950s <a href="/wiki/Beat_generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Beat generation">Beat generation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200935-23">[23]</a> especially <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Jack Kerouac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_S._Burroughs" title="William S. Burroughs">William S. Burroughs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200730Hoskyns200926-24">[24]</a> In 1968, at age 18, he dropped out of high school.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200934-7">[7]</a> He was an avid watcher of <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock_Presents" title="Alfred Hitchcock Presents">Alfred Hitchcock Presents</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200926-25">[25]</a> Another influence was the comedian <a href="/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce">Lenny Bruce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200733-26">[26]</a> Waits worked at Napoleone's pizza restaurant in <a href="/wiki/National_City,_California" title="National City, California">National City, California</a>, and both there and at a local diner developed an interest in the lives of the patrons, writing down phrases and snippets of dialogue he overheard.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200726,_28–29Hoskyns200930–32,_37–38-27">[27]</a> He worked in the forestry service as a fireman for three years<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200729-28">[28]</a> and served with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> He enrolled at Chula Vista's <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_College_(California)" title="Southwestern College (California)">Southwestern Community College</a> to study photography, for a time considering a career in the field. He continued pursuing his musical interests, taking piano lessons. He began frequenting venues around San Diego, being drawn into the city's <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a> scene.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200938–39,_41–42-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_musical_career:_1969–1976">Early musical career: 1969–1976</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early musical career: 1969–1976">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Waits_(1973_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tom_Waits_%281973_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette%29.jpg/220px-Tom_Waits_%281973_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tom_Waits_%281973_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette%29.jpg/330px-Tom_Waits_%281973_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Tom_Waits_%281973_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette%29.jpg/440px-Tom_Waits_%281973_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="1207" /></a><figcaption>Waits in an early publicity photo for <a href="/wiki/Asylum_Records" title="Asylum Records">Asylum Records</a>, 1973</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Troubadour_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Troubadour_02.jpg/220px-Troubadour_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Troubadour_02.jpg/330px-Troubadour_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Troubadour_02.jpg/440px-Troubadour_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Troubadour_(West_Hollywood,_California)" title="Troubadour (West Hollywood, California)">The Troubadour</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Hollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="West Hollywood">West Hollywood</a>, where Waits's performances brought him to the attention of <a href="/wiki/Herb_Cohen" title="Herb Cohen">Herb Cohen</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Geffen" title="David Geffen">David Geffen</a></figcaption></figure> In 1969, he was hired as an occasional doorman for the Heritage coffeehouse, which held regular performances from folk musicians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200740Hoskyns200943-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-innocent385-32">[32]</a> He also began to sing at the Heritage; his set initially consisted largely of covers of Dylan and <a href="/wiki/Red_Sovine" title="Red Sovine">Red Sovine</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Phantom_309" title="Phantom 309">Phantom 309</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200946–47-33">[33]</a> In time, he performed his own material as well, often parodies of country songs or bittersweet ballads influenced by his relationships; these included early songs "<a href="/wiki/Ol%27_55" class="mw-redirect" title="Ol' 55">Ol' 55</a>" and "I Hope That I Don't Fall in Love With You".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200949-34">[34]</a> As his reputation grew, he played at other San Diego venues, supporting acts like <a href="/wiki/Tim_Buckley" title="Tim Buckley">Tim Buckley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Terry" title="Sonny Terry">Sonny Terry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brownie_McGhee" title="Brownie McGhee">Brownie McGhee</a> and his friend <a href="/wiki/Jack_Tempchin" title="Jack Tempchin">Jack Tempchin</a>. Aware that San Diego offered little opportunity for career progression, Waits began traveling into Los Angeles to play at the <a href="/wiki/Troubadour_(West_Hollywood,_California)" title="Troubadour (West Hollywood, California)">Troubadour</a> in West Hollywood.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200738Hoskyns200953–56-35">[35]</a> It was there, in the autumn of 1971, that Waits came to the attention of <a href="/wiki/Herb_Cohen" title="Herb Cohen">Herb Cohen</a>, who signed him to publishing and recording contracts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200743–43Hoskyns200960–61,_64-36">[36]</a> The recordings that were produced under that recording agreement were eventually released in the early 1990s as <a href="/wiki/The_Early_Years_(album_series)" title="The Early Years (album series)">The Early Years</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Early_Years_(album_series)" title="The Early Years (album series)">The Early Years, Volume Two</a>. In early 1972, after quitting his job at Napoleone's to concentrate on his songwriting career, Waits moved to an apartment in <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake,_Los_Angeles" title="Silver Lake, Los Angeles">Silver Lake</a>, Los Angeles, a poor neighborhood known for its Hispanic and <a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">bohemian</a> communities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200965,_69-37">[37]</a> He continued performing at the Troubadour and there met <a href="/wiki/David_Geffen" title="David Geffen">David Geffen</a>, who gave Waits a recording contract with his <a href="/wiki/Asylum_Records" title="Asylum Records">Asylum Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200744–45Hoskyns200976–79-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Yester" title="Jerry Yester">Jerry Yester</a> was chosen to produce his first album, with the recording sessions taking place in Hollywood's <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunset Sound">Sunset Sound</a> studios.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200749Hoskyns200981–82-39">[39]</a> The resulting album, <a href="/wiki/Closing_Time_(album)" title="Closing Time (album)">Closing Time</a>, was released in March 1973,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200749Hoskyns200989-40">[40]</a> although it attracted little attention<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200752-41">[41]</a> and did not sell well.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009105-42">[42]</a> Biographer <a href="/wiki/Barney_Hoskyns" title="Barney Hoskyns">Barney Hoskyns</a> noted that Closing Time was "broadly in step with the singer-songwriter school of the early 1970s";<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200988-43">[43]</a> Waits had wanted to create a piano-led jazz album although Yester had pushed its sound in a more folk-oriented direction. Buckley covered "Martha" on his album <a href="/wiki/Sefronia" title="Sefronia">Sefronia</a> later that year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200749-44">[44]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">Eagles</a> recording of "Ol' 55" on their album <a href="/wiki/On_the_Border" title="On the Border">On the Border</a> brought Waits further money and recognition, although he regarded their version as "a little antiseptic".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200752Hoskyns2009119–120-45">[45]</a> To promote his debut, Waits and a three-piece band embarked on a U.S. tour, where he was the supporting act for more established artists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200989-46">[46]</a> He supported <a href="/wiki/Tom_Rush" title="Tom Rush">Tom Rush</a> at <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Cellar_Door" title="The Cellar Door">The Cellar Door</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_O%27Keefe" title="Danny O'Keefe">Danny O'Keefe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Club_Passim" title="Club Passim">Club Passim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rich" title="Charlie Rich">Charlie Rich</a> at <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Max%27s_Kansas_City" title="Max's Kansas City">Max's Kansas City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_Reeves_and_the_Vandellas" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha Reeves and the Vandellas">Martha Reeves and the Vandellas</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Lansing,_Michigan" title="East Lansing, Michigan">East Lansing, Michigan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_P._Hammond" title="John P. Hammond">John P. Hammond</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>. Waits returned to Los Angeles in June, feeling demoralized about his career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200990–93-47">[47]</a> That month, he was the cover star of free music magazine <a href="/wiki/Music_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Music World">Music World</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200993–95-48">[48]</a> He began composing songs for his second album, and attended the <a href="/wiki/Venice,_Los_Angeles" title="Venice, Los Angeles">Venice</a> Poetry Workshop to try out this new material in front of an audience.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200996-49">[49]</a> Although Waits was eager to record this new material, Cohen instead convinced him to take over as a support act for <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">the Mothers of Invention</a> after previous support act <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathy_Dalton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathy Dalton (page does not exist)">Kathy Dalton</a> pulled out due to the hostility from Zappa's fans. Waits joined Zappa's tour in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, but like Dalton found the audiences hostile; while on stage he was jeered at and pelted with fruit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200758–59Hoskyns200998,_100-50">[50]</a> Although he liked the Mothers of Invention, he was intimidated by Zappa himself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009101-51">[51]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bette_Midler_(1981).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bette_Midler_%281981%29.jpg/220px-Bette_Midler_%281981%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bette_Midler_%281981%29.jpg/330px-Bette_Midler_%281981%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Bette_Midler_%281981%29.jpg/440px-Bette_Midler_%281981%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2089" data-file-height="2089" /></a><figcaption>Waits met and had an intermittent romantic relationship with <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> (pictured here in 1981) and collaborated with her on the song "I Never Talk to Strangers".</figcaption></figure> Waits moved from Silver Lake to <a href="/wiki/Echo_Park,_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Echo Park, Los Angeles">Echo Park</a>, spending much of his time in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles" title="Downtown Los Angeles">downtown Los Angeles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200995-52">[52]</a> In early 1974, he continued to perform around the West Coast, getting as far as <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009103-53">[53]</a> For Waits's second album, Geffen wanted a more jazz-oriented producer, selecting <a href="/wiki/Bones_Howe" title="Bones Howe">Bones Howe</a> for the job.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200772–73Hoskyns2009105-54">[54]</a> Howe recounts his first encounter with the young artist: "I told him I thought his music and lyrics had a <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Kerouac</a> quality to them, and he was blown away that I knew who Jack Kerouac was. I told him I also played jazz drums and he went wild. Then I told him that when I was working for <a href="/wiki/Norman_Granz" title="Norman Granz">Norman Granz</a>, Norman had found these tapes of Kerouac reading his poetry from The Beat Generation in a hotel room. I told Waits I'd make him a copy. That sealed it."<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Recording sessions for <a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_Saturday_Night" title="The Heart of Saturday Night">The Heart of Saturday Night</a> took place at <a href="/wiki/Wally_Heider_Studios#Background" title="Wally Heider Studios">Wally Heider's Studio 3</a> on <a href="/wiki/Cahuenga_Boulevard" title="Cahuenga Boulevard">Cahuenga Boulevard</a> in Hollywood in April and May,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009107,_113-56">[56]</a> with Waits conceptualizing the album as a sequence of songs about U.S. nightlife.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200997-57">[57]</a> The album was far more widely reviewed than Closing Time had been.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009121-58">[58]</a> Waits himself later dismissed the album as "very ill-formed, but I was trying".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200774-59">[59]</a> After recording The Heart of Saturday Night, Waits reluctantly agreed to tour with Zappa again, but once more faced strong audience hostility. The kudos of having supported Zappa's tour nevertheless bolstered his image in the music industry and helped his career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009117,_119-60">[60]</a> In October 1974, he first performed as the headline act before touring the East Coast; in New York City he met and befriended <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009122–123-61">[61]</a> with whom he had a sporadic affair.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009159-62">[62]</a> Back in Los Angeles, Cohen suggested Waits produce a <a href="/wiki/Live_album" class="mw-redirect" title="Live album">live album</a>. To this end, he performed two shows at the <a href="/wiki/Record_Plant" title="Record Plant">Record Plant</a> Studio in front of a small invited audience to recreate the atmosphere of a <a href="/wiki/Jazz_club" title="Jazz club">jazz club</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009130–131-64">[64]</a> Again produced and engineered by Howe (as all his future Asylum releases would be), it was released as <a href="/wiki/Nighthawks_at_the_Diner" title="Nighthawks at the Diner">Nighthawks at the Diner</a> in October 1975.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200775Hoskyns2009139-65">[65]</a> The album cover and title were inspired by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Edward Hopper</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nighthawks_(Hopper)" title="Nighthawks (Hopper)">Nighthawks</a> (1942). He followed this with a week's residency at the Reno Sweeney nightclub, an off-Broadway–style club in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009140–141-66">[66]</a> In December he appeared on the <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> concert show <a href="/wiki/Soundstage_(TV_series)" title="Soundstage (TV series)">Soundstage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009145-67">[67]</a> From March to May 1976, he toured the U.S.,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200782Hoskyns2009147–150-68">[68]</a> telling interviewers that the experience was tough and that he was drinking too much alcohol.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009144-69">[69]</a> In May, he embarked on his first tour of Europe, performing in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200785,_88Hoskyns2009150–156-70">[70]</a> On his return to Los Angeles, he joined his friend <a href="/wiki/Chuck_E._Weiss" title="Chuck E. Weiss">Chuck E. Weiss</a>, moving into the Tropicana motel in West Hollywood, which had an established reputation in rock music circles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200768Hoskyns2009157-71">[71]</a> Visitors noted his two-room apartment there was heavily cluttered. Waits told the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> that "You almost have to create situations in order to write about them, so I live in a constant state of self-imposed poverty".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009161-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Small_Change_and_Foreign_Affairs:_1976–1978">Small Change and Foreign Affairs: 1976–1978</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Small Change and Foreign Affairs: 1976–1978">edit</a>]</div> In July 1976, Waits recorded <a href="/wiki/Small_Change_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Small Change (Tom Waits album)">Small Change</a>, again produced by Howe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200791Hoskyns2009164-73">[73]</a> He recalled it as a seminal episode in his development as a songwriter, the point when he became "completely confident in the craft".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009164-74">[74]</a> The album was critically well received and was his first release to break into the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Billboard Top 100 Album List</a>, peaking at 89.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200797–98-75">[75]</a> Per Bowman, Small Change "made it clear that Waits had evolved into a master storyteller, reflecting the influence of crime-noir writers such as <a href="/wiki/Dashiell_Hammett" title="Dashiell Hammett">Dashiell Hammett</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_D._MacDonald" title="John D. MacDonald">John D. MacDonald</a>. Arguably his first masterpiece, the album featured exquisite piano ballads such as '<a href="/wiki/Tom_Traubert%27s_Blues" title="Tom Traubert's Blues">Tom Traubert's Blues</a>' and ‘<a href="/wiki/The_Piano_Has_Been_Drinking_(Not_Me)_(An_Evening_With_Pete_King)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Piano Has Been Drinking (Not Me) (An Evening With Pete King)">The Piano Has Been Drinking (Not Me)</a>,’ the word-jazz of ‘Pasties and a G-String,’ and the tour-de-force tenor-sax-accompanied hucksterism of ‘<a href="/wiki/Step_Right_Up_(Tom_Waits_song)" title="Step Right Up (Tom Waits song)">Step Right Up</a>.’”<a href="#cite_note-Bowman-1">[1]</a> He received growing press attention, being profiled in <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)" title="Vogue (magazine)">Vogue</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009170-76">[76]</a> he had begun to accrue a <a href="/wiki/Cult_following" title="Cult following">cult following</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200799-77">[77]</a> He went on tour to promote the new album, backed by the Nocturnal Emissions (<a href="/wiki/Frank_Vicari" title="Frank Vicari">Frank Vicari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chip_White" title="Chip White">Chip White</a> and Fitz Jenkins).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200798Hoskyns2009170-78">[78]</a> In reference to "Pasties and a G-String", a female stripper joined him onstage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009172–173-79">[79]</a> He began 1977 by touring <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009179-80">[80]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rickie-Lee-Jones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Rickie-Lee-Jones.jpg/220px-Rickie-Lee-Jones.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Rickie-Lee-Jones.jpg/330px-Rickie-Lee-Jones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Rickie-Lee-Jones.jpg/440px-Rickie-Lee-Jones.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2891" data-file-height="2034" /></a><figcaption>In 1977, Waits began a relationship with singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Rickie_Lee_Jones" title="Rickie Lee Jones">Rickie Lee Jones</a> (pictured here in 2008); their work and styles influenced each other.</figcaption></figure> Back in Los Angeles, he encountered various problems. One female fan, recently escaped from a mental health institution in <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, began <a href="/wiki/Stalking" title="Stalking">stalking</a> him and lurking outside his Tropicana apartment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009179-80">[80]</a> In May 1977, Waits and close friend <a href="/wiki/Chuck_E._Weiss" title="Chuck E. Weiss">Chuck E. Weiss</a> were arrested for fighting with police officers in a coffee shop. They were charged with two counts of disturbing the peace but were acquitted after the defense produced eight witnesses who refuted the police officers' account of the incident.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007101Hoskyns2009177–178-81">[81]</a> In response, Waits sued the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Police_Department" title="Los Angeles Police Department">Los Angeles Police Department</a> and five years later was awarded $7,500 in damages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007101Hoskyns2009178-82">[82]</a> In July and August 1977, he recorded his fourth studio album, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Foreign Affairs (Tom Waits album)">Foreign Affairs</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009183-83">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Alcivar" title="Bob Alcivar">Bob Alcivar</a> had been employed as its <a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">arranger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009181-84">[84]</a> The album included "I Never Talk to Strangers", a duet with Midler, with whom he was still in an intermittent relationship.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007103Hoskyns2009185–186-85">[85]</a> She appeared with him at the Troubadour to sing the song; the next day he repaid the favor by performing at a <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights">gay rights</a> benefit at the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Bowl" title="Hollywood Bowl">Hollywood Bowl</a> that Midler was involved with.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009191-86">[86]</a> Foreign Affairs was not as well received by critics as its predecessor, and unlike Small Change failed to make the Billboard Top 100 album chart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007106Hoskyns2009189-87">[87]</a> That year, he began a relationship with the singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Rickie_Lee_Jones" title="Rickie Lee Jones">Rickie Lee Jones</a>; their work and styles influenced each other.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200769Hoskyns2009192–197-88">[88]</a> In October 1977, he returned to touring with the Nocturnal Emissions; it was on this tour that he first began using props onstage, in this case a street lamp.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009198-89">[89]</a> Again, he found the tour exhausting.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009199-90">[90]</a> In March 1978, he embarked on his second tour of Japan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009202–203-91">[91]</a> During these years, Waits sought to broaden his career beyond music. He befriended actor and director <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> and made his film debut as a drunken piano player in Stallone's <a href="/wiki/Paradise_Alley" title="Paradise Alley">Paradise Alley</a> (1978).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007111–112Hoskyns2009200–201-92">[92]</a> With <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hampton" title="Paul Hampton">Paul Hampton</a>, Waits also began writing a movie musical, although this project never came to fruition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009204-93">[93]</a> Another project he began at this time was a book about entertainers of the past whom he admired.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009204-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blue_Valentine_and_Heartattack_and_Vine:_1978–1980">Blue Valentine and Heartattack and Vine: 1978–1980</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Blue Valentine and Heartattack and Vine: 1978–1980">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Waits_(1979%E2%80%9380_publicity_photo_in_kitchen_by_Greg_Gorman).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Tom_Waits_%281979%E2%80%9380_publicity_photo_in_kitchen_by_Greg_Gorman%29.jpg/220px-Tom_Waits_%281979%E2%80%9380_publicity_photo_in_kitchen_by_Greg_Gorman%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Tom_Waits_%281979%E2%80%9380_publicity_photo_in_kitchen_by_Greg_Gorman%29.jpg/330px-Tom_Waits_%281979%E2%80%9380_publicity_photo_in_kitchen_by_Greg_Gorman%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Tom_Waits_%281979%E2%80%9380_publicity_photo_in_kitchen_by_Greg_Gorman%29.jpg/440px-Tom_Waits_%281979%E2%80%9380_publicity_photo_in_kitchen_by_Greg_Gorman%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1313" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>Publicity photo of Waits taken by <a href="/wiki/Greg_Gorman" title="Greg Gorman">Greg Gorman</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1979–80</figcaption></figure> In July 1978, Waits began the recording sessions for <a href="/wiki/Blue_Valentine_(album)" title="Blue Valentine (album)">Blue Valentine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009205-94">[94]</a> Part way through the sessions, he replaced his musicians to create a less jazz-oriented sound;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009206-95">[95]</a> for the album, he switched from a piano to an electric guitar as his main instrument.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007107-96">[96]</a> For the album's back cover, Waits used a picture of himself and Jones leaning against his car, a <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(fourth_generation)" title="Ford Thunderbird (fourth generation)">1964 Ford Thunderbird</a>, taken by Elliot Gilbert.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007106Hoskyns2009214-97">[97]</a> Per Bowman, "Waits gradually began writing about junkies and prostitutes instead of skid-row drunks. In songs such as <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Card_from_a_Hooker_in_Minneapolis" title="Christmas Card from a Hooker in Minneapolis">'Christmas Card From a Hooker in Minneapolis’</a> and ‘Red Shoes by the Drugstore,’ his writing became ever more vivid, compact, and complex."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman-98">[98]</a> From the album, Waits's first single, a cover of <a href="/wiki/Somewhere_(song)" title="Somewhere (song)">"Somewhere"</a> from <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a>, was released, but it failed to chart.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007106-99">[99]</a> For his Blue Valentine tour, Waits assembled a new band; he also had a gas station built as a set for his performances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009215-100">[100]</a> His support act on the tour was <a href="/wiki/Leon_Redbone" title="Leon Redbone">Leon Redbone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009216-101">[101]</a> In April, he embarked on a European tour, there making television appearances and press interviews; in Austria he was the subject of a short documentary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009222–223-102">[102]</a> From there, he flew to Australia for his first tour of that country before returning to Los Angeles in May.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009226–228-103">[103]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg/220px-Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg/330px-Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg/440px-Francis_Ford_Coppola_-1976.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="1119" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (pictured in 1976) convinced Waits to leave <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and return to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> to score his film <a href="/wiki/One_from_the_Heart" title="One from the Heart">One from the Heart</a>.</figcaption></figure> Waits was dissatisfied with Elektra-Asylum, who he felt had lost interest in him as an artist in favor of their more commercially successful acts like <a href="/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">the Eagles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carly_Simon" title="Carly Simon">Carly Simon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009216-101">[101]</a> After a phone call with their mutual friend Chuck E. Weiss, Waits told Jones, "Chuck E.'s in love". This was the inspiration for her song "<a href="/wiki/Chuck_E.%27s_in_Love" title="Chuck E.'s in Love">Chuck E.'s in Love</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Saunders-104">[104]</a> Jones's musical career was taking off; after an appearance on <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a>, "Chuck E.'s In Love" reached number 4 in the singles chart, straining her relationship with Waits.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200782–83Hoskyns2009220–221-105">[105]</a> Their relationship was further damaged by Jones's <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a> addiction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009228–229-106">[106]</a> Waits joined Jones for the first leg of her European tour, but then ended his relationship with her. Her grief at the breakup was channeled into the 1981 album <a href="/wiki/Pirates_(Rickie_Lee_Jones_album)" title="Pirates (Rickie Lee Jones album)">Pirates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009231-107">[107]</a> In September, Waits moved to <a href="/wiki/Crenshaw_Boulevard" title="Crenshaw Boulevard">Crenshaw Boulevard</a> to be closer to his father,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007110Hoskyns2009232-108">[108]</a> before deciding to relocate to New York City. He initially lived in the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Chelsea" title="Hotel Chelsea">Chelsea Hotel</a> before renting an apartment on West 26th Street.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007112Hoskyns2009235–236-109">[109]</a> On arriving in the city, he told a reporter that he "just needed a new urban landscape. I've always wanted to live here. It's a good working atmosphere for me".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009236-110">[110]</a> He considered writing a <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> musical based on <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Our_Town" title="Our Town">Our Town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009237-111">[111]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Rotoscoped" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotoscoped">rotoscoped</a> Waits performed "The One That Got Away" in the music video <a href="/wiki/Tom_Waits_For_No_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Waits For No One">Tom Waits For No One</a> (1979). <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> asked Waits to return to Los Angeles to write a soundtrack for his forthcoming film, <a href="/wiki/One_from_the_Heart" title="One from the Heart">One from the Heart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007124–125Hoskyns2009238-112">[112]</a> Waits was excited, but conflicted, by the prospect; Coppola wanted him to create music akin to his early work, a genre that he was trying to leave behind, and thus he characterized the project as an artistic "step backwards".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009239-113">[113]</a> He nevertheless returned to Los Angeles to work on the soundtrack in a room set aside for the purpose in Coppola's Hollywood studios.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009239,_241-114">[114]</a> This style of working was new to Waits; he later recalled that he was "so insecure when I started ... I was sweating buckets".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009244-115">[115]</a> Waits was nominated for the 1982 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Original_Music_Score" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Original Music Score">Academy Award for Original Music Score</a>. Waits still contractually owed Elektra-Asylum another album, so took a break from Coppola's project to write an album that he initially called White Spades.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009247-116">[116]</a> He recorded the album in June;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009248–249-117">[117]</a> it was released in September as <a href="/wiki/Heartattack_and_Vine" title="Heartattack and Vine">Heartattack and Vine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009251,_254-118">[118]</a> The album was more guitar-based and had, according to Humphries, "a harder R&B edge" than any of its predecessors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007135-119">[119]</a> It again broke into the Top 100 Album Chart,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009254-120">[120]</a> peaking at number 96.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007136-121">[121]</a> Reviews were generally good.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007136-121">[121]</a> Hoskyns called it "one of Waits's pinnacle achievements" as an album.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009254-120">[120]</a> One of its tracks, "<a href="/wiki/Jersey_Girl_(song)" title="Jersey Girl (song)">Jersey Girl</a>", was subsequently recorded by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>. Waits was grateful, both for the revenue that the cover brought him and because he felt appreciated by a songwriter he admired.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007136–138-122">[122]</a> While on the set of One from the Heart, Waits encountered <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Brennan" title="Kathleen Brennan">Kathleen Brennan</a>, a young <a href="/wiki/Irish-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish-American">Irish-American</a> woman working as an assistant story editor. The two had previously met while Waits was filming Paradise Alley.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007131Hoskyns2009244–245-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Waits would later describe this encounter with Brennan as "love at first sight"; they were engaged to be married within a week.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009245–247-125">[125]</a> In August 1980, they married at a 24-hour wedding chapel on <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Boulevard">Manchester Boulevard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Watts,_Los_Angeles" title="Watts, Los Angeles">Watts</a> before honeymooning in <a href="/wiki/Tralee" title="Tralee">Tralee</a>, a town in <a href="/wiki/County_Kerry" title="County Kerry">County Kerry</a>, Ireland, where Brennan had family.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007134–135Hoskyns2009255-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swordfishtrombones_and_New_York_City:_1980–1984">Swordfishtrombones and New York City: 1980–1984</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Swordfishtrombones and New York City: 1980–1984">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> A whip and a chair. The Bible. The Book of Revelations. She grew up Catholic, you know, blood and liquor and guilt. She pulverizes me so that I don't just write the same song over and over again. Which is what a lot of people do, including myself. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Waits on what his wife brought to his creative process<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007152-127">[127]</a></cite></div> </div> Returning to Los Angeles, Waits and Brennan moved into a Union Avenue apartment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009257-128">[128]</a> Hoskyns noted that with Brennan, "Waits had found the stabilizing, nurturing companion he'd always wanted", and that she brought him "a sense of emotional security he had never known" before.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009246–247-129">[129]</a> At the same time, many of his old friends felt cut off after his marriage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009271-130">[130]</a> Waits said of Brennan: "She rescued me. Maybe I rescued her too; that's often how it works. Upshot is that we both got into the same leaky boat. Maybe the weight drags it down, because now you've two people sitting in it. Sorry, baby! But on the other hand you've also got two peoples' imagination to patch it up again. Everybody knows she's the brains behind Pa, as Dylan might have said. I'm just the figurehead. She's the one who's steering the ship."<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Recording of Waits's One from the Heart soundtrack began in October 1980 and continued until September 1981.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009259,_265-132">[132]</a> A number of the tracks were recorded as duets with <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Gayle" title="Crystal Gayle">Crystal Gayle</a>; Waits had initially planned to duet with Midler but she proved unavailable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007129Hoskyns2009260-133">[133]</a> The film was released in 1982, to largely poor reviews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007132Hoskyns2009265-134">[134]</a> Waits makes a small cameo as a trumpet player in a crowd scene.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007129-135">[135]</a> Waits's <a href="/wiki/One_from_the_Heart_(album)" title="One from the Heart (album)">soundtrack album</a> was released by <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009266,_268-136">[136]</a> Waits had misgivings about the album, thinking it over-produced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009269-137">[137]</a> Humphries thought that working with Coppola was an important move in Waits's career: it "led directly to Waits moving from cult (i.e. largely unknown) artiste to center-stage."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007127-138">[138]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnLurie_RayHenders.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/JohnLurie_RayHenders.jpg/220px-JohnLurie_RayHenders.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/JohnLurie_RayHenders.jpg/330px-JohnLurie_RayHenders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/JohnLurie_RayHenders.jpg/440px-JohnLurie_RayHenders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>In New York City, Waits shared a workspace with jazz musician <a href="/wiki/John_Lurie" title="John Lurie">John Lurie</a> (pictured in 2013).</figcaption></figure> Newly married and with his Elektra-Asylum contract completed, Waits decided that it was time to artistically reinvent himself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009275-139">[139]</a> He wanted to move away from using Howe as his producer, although the two parted on good terms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007128Hoskyns2009270-140">[140]</a> With Brennan's help, he began the process of firing Cohen as his manager, with him and Brennan taking on managerial responsibilities themselves.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007142Hoskyns2009270-141">[141]</a> He came to believe that Cohen had been swindling him out of much of his earnings, later relating that "I thought I was a millionaire and it turned out I had, like, twenty bucks."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009270-142">[142]</a> Waits credited Brennan with introducing him to much new music, most notably <a href="/wiki/Captain_Beefheart" title="Captain Beefheart">Captain Beefheart</a>, a key influence on the direction in which he wanted to take his music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007147Hoskyns2009276–277-143">[143]</a> He later said that "once you've heard Beefheart it's hard to wash him out of your clothes. It stains, like coffee or blood."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009277-144">[144]</a> She also introduced him to <a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Harry Partch</a>, a composer who created his own instruments out of everyday materials.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007145–146-145">[145]</a> Waits began to use images rather than moods or characters as the basis for his songs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009279-146">[146]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I like to imagine how it feels for the object to become music. Imagine you're the lid to a fifty-gallon drum. That's your job. You work at that. That's your whole life. Then one day I find you and I say, "We're gonna drill a hole in you, run a wire through you, hang you from the ceiling of the studio, bang on you with a mallet, and now you're in show business, baby!" </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Waits on his unique use of instruments<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></cite></div> </div> Waits wrote the songs for <a href="/wiki/Swordfishtrombones" title="Swordfishtrombones">Swordfishtrombones</a> during a two-week trip to Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009279-146">[146]</a> He recorded it at Sunset Sound studios and produced it himself; Brennan often attended the sessions and gave him advice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009284–285-148">[148]</a> Swordfishtrombones abandoned the jazz sound characteristic of his earlier work; it was his first album not to feature a saxophone<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007147-149">[149]</a> and his first to feature the <a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">marimba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman-98">[98]</a> When the album was finished, he took it to Asylum, but they declined to release it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007142Hoskyns2009291–292-150">[150]</a> Waits wanted to leave the label; in his view, "They liked dropping my name in terms of me being a 'prestige' artist, but when it came down to it they didn't invest a whole lot in me in terms of faith".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007142Hoskyns2009292-151">[151]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Blackwell" title="Chris Blackwell">Chris Blackwell</a> of <a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island Records</a> learned of Waits's dissatisfaction and approached him, offering to release Swordfishtrombones;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007144Hoskyns2009292–293-152">[152]</a> Island had a reputation for signing more experimental acts, such as <a href="/wiki/King_Crimson" title="King Crimson">King Crimson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roxy_Music" title="Roxy Music">Roxy Music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sparks_(band)" title="Sparks (band)">Sparks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007145-153">[153]</a> Waits did not tour to promote the album, partly because Brennan was pregnant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009294-154">[154]</a> Although unenthusiastic about the new trend for <a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music videos</a>, he appeared in one for the song "<a href="/wiki/In_the_Neighborhood" title="In the Neighborhood">In the Neighborhood</a>", co-directed by <a href="/wiki/Haskell_Wexler" title="Haskell Wexler">Haskell Wexler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_A._Russ" title="Michael A. Russ">Michael A. Russ</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007148–149Hoskyns2009294–295-155">[155]</a> Russ also designed the Swordfishtrombones album cover, featuring an image of Waits with <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kolima" title="Lee Kolima">Lee Kolima</a>, a circus strongman, and <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Rossitto" title="Angelo Rossitto">Angelo Rossitto</a>, a dwarf.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009295-156">[156]</a> Jon Parles of <a href="/wiki/GQ" title="GQ">GQ</a> wrote that "On Swordfishtrombones, Waits has made a breakthrough – he's found music as evocative as his words. Waits's grumble of a voice now bounces off a peculiar assortment of horns and percussion and organ and keyboards, as if he'd led a Salvation Army band into a broken-down Hong Kong disco. It's as if he's shifted from monologues to screenplays."<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> According to David Smay, Swordfishtrombones was "the record where Tom Waits radically reinvented himself and reshaped the musical landscape."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmay20083-158">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a> named it the second best album of the year.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In 1989, <a href="/wiki/Spin_(magazine)" title="Spin (magazine)">Spin</a> magazine named it the second greatest album of all time.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> In 1983, Waits appeared in three more Coppola films: as Benny, a philosopher running a billboard store in <a href="/wiki/Rumble_Fish" title="Rumble Fish">Rumble Fish</a>; as Buck Merrill in <a href="/wiki/The_Outsiders_(film)" title="The Outsiders (film)">The Outsiders</a>; and as the maître'd in <a href="/wiki/The_Cotton_Club_(film)" title="The Cotton Club (film)">The Cotton Club</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007169–174Hoskyns2009296–297,_298-161">[161]</a> He later said that "Coppola is actually the only film director in Hollywood that has a conscience ... most of them are egomaniacs and money-grabbing bastards".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007128-162">[162]</a> In September, Brennan gave birth to their daughter, Kellesimone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007150Hoskyns2009297-163">[163]</a> Waits was determined to keep his family life separate from his public image and to spend as much time as possible with his daughter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009297-164">[164]</a> With Brennan and their child, Waits moved to New York City to be closer to Brennan's parents and Island's U.S. office. They settled into a loft apartment near <a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union Square</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009300–303-165">[165]</a> Waits found New York City life frustrating, although it allowed him to meet many new musicians and artists. He befriended <a href="/wiki/John_Lurie" title="John Lurie">John Lurie</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Lounge_Lizards" title="The Lounge Lizards">the Lounge Lizards</a>, and the duo began sharing a music studio in the Westbeth artist-community building in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>. He began networking in the city's arts scene, and, at a party <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Basquiat" title="Jean-Michel Basquiat">Jean-Michel Basquiat</a> held for Lurie, he met the filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Jim_Jarmusch" title="Jim Jarmusch">Jim Jarmusch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009303–305-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rain_Dogs_and_Franks_Wild_Years:_1985–1988">Rain Dogs and Franks Wild Years: 1985–1988</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rain Dogs and Franks Wild Years: 1985–1988">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jim_Jarmusch_Cannes_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jim_Jarmusch_Cannes_2013.JPG/220px-Jim_Jarmusch_Cannes_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jim_Jarmusch_Cannes_2013.JPG/330px-Jim_Jarmusch_Cannes_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jim_Jarmusch_Cannes_2013.JPG/440px-Jim_Jarmusch_Cannes_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2968" /></a><figcaption>Waits appeared in several films by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Jarmusch" title="Jim Jarmusch">Jim Jarmusch</a> (pictured in 2013).</figcaption></figure> Starting in the mid-80s, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Kurt Weill</a> became an important influence on Waits's work. Bowman writes that "Waits had become interested in Weill's late-1920s and 1930s musical-theater works ... Weill's slightly off-kilter, stylized <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabaret</a> approach to melody, rhythm, orchestration, and musical narrative permeated much of Waits's subsequent work."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman-98">[98]</a> Waits did the soundtrack for the documentary <a href="/wiki/Streetwise_(1984_film)" title="Streetwise (1984 film)">Streetwise</a>, about homeless youth in Seattle;<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> it was another influence on the subjects of his next album. <a href="/wiki/Rain_Dogs" title="Rain Dogs">Rain Dogs</a> was recorded at the <a href="/wiki/RCA_Studio_A" title="RCA Studio A">RCA Studios</a> in mid 1985.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009307,_310-168">[168]</a> Musically, Waits called the album "kind of an interaction between Appalachia and Nigeria".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007161-169">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Richards" title="Keith Richards">Keith Richards</a> played on several tracks;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007176Hoskyns2009313-170">[170]</a> Richards later acknowledged Waits's encouragement of his debut solo album, <a href="/wiki/Talk_is_Cheap" class="mw-redirect" title="Talk is Cheap">Talk is Cheap</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007177Hoskyns2009314-171">[171]</a> Rain Dogs also marked <a href="/wiki/Marc_Ribot" title="Marc Ribot">Marc Ribot</a>'s debut as a session guitarist; he would play on many subsequent Waits albums.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Mondino" title="Jean-Baptiste Mondino">Jean-Baptiste Mondino</a> directed a music video of "<a href="/wiki/Downtown_Train" title="Downtown Train">Downtown Train</a>" featuring boxer <a href="/wiki/Jake_LaMotta" title="Jake LaMotta">Jake LaMotta</a>. The song was subsequently covered by <a href="/wiki/Patty_Smyth" title="Patty Smyth">Patty Smyth</a> in 1987, and later by <a href="/wiki/Rod_Stewart" title="Rod Stewart">Rod Stewart</a>, where it reached the top five in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009317-173">[173]</a> In 1985, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> named Waits its "Songwriter of the Year".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007165Hoskyns2009327-174">[174]</a> Arion Berger wrote that "With Rain Dogs, he dropped his bedraggled lounge-piano act and fused outsider influences – socialist decadence by way of Kurt Weill, pre-rock integrity from old <a href="/wiki/Dirty_blues" title="Dirty blues">dirty blues</a>, the elegiac melancholy of <a href="/wiki/Jazz_funeral" title="Jazz funeral">New Orleans funeral brass</a> – into a singularly idiosyncratic American style ... The music is bony and menacingly beautiful, the desultory electric-guitar solo as cold as the rattle of marimbas in 'Clap Hands'. The evocative, elliptical rhymes describe scenes and characters with poetic precision but use atmosphere, not narrative, to connect them."<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a> named Rain Dogs the best album of the year.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> In September 1985, his son Casey was born.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007154Hoskyns2009318-177">[177]</a> Waits assembled a band and went on tour, kicking it off in Scotland in October before proceeding around Europe and then the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007166Hoskyns2009318–319-178">[178]</a> He changed the setlist for each performance; most of the songs chosen were from his two Island albums.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009319–320-179">[179]</a> Returning to the U.S., he traveled to <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> to act in Jarmusch's <a href="/wiki/Down_by_Law_(film)" title="Down by Law (film)">Down by Law</a>. Jarmusch wrote Down by Law with Waits and Lurie in mind.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007184–186Hoskyns2009322-180">[180]</a> The film opened and closed with songs from Rain Dogs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007187Hoskyns2009324-181">[181]</a> Jarmusch noted that "Tom and I have a kindred aesthetic. An interest in unambitious people, marginal people."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009321–322-182">[182]</a> The pair developed a friendship; Waits called Jarmusch "Dr. Sullen", while Jarmusch called Waits "The Prince of Melancholy".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009325-183">[183]</a> Waits had devised a musical, Franks Wild Years, loosely based on "Frank's Wild Years" from Swordfishtrombones. In late 1985, he reached an agreement that the play would be performed by the <a href="/wiki/Steppenwolf_Theatre_Company" title="Steppenwolf Theatre Company">Steppenwolf Theatre Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Briar_Street_Theatre" title="Briar Street Theatre">Briar Street Theatre</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007153–154Hoskyns2009327–330-184">[184]</a> Waits starred as Frank, whom he described as <blockquote>Quite a guy. Grew up in a bird's eye frozen, oven-ready, rural American town where <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Newton" title="Wayne Newton">Wayne</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry</a> are considered major constellations. Frank, mistakenly, thinks he can stuff himself into their shorts and present himself to an adoring world. He is a combination of <a href="/wiki/Will_Rogers" title="Will Rogers">Will Rogers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a>, playing accordion – but without the wisdom they possessed. He has a poet's heart and a boy's sense of wonder with the world. A legend in Rainville since he burned his house down and took off for the Big Time.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></blockquote> Reviews were generally positive. He had initially considered a run in New York City but decided against it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009330–331-186">[186]</a> The songs from the show were recorded for his ninth studio album, <a href="/wiki/Franks_Wild_Years" title="Franks Wild Years">Franks Wild Years</a>, and released by Island in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007156Hoskyns2009331,_339-187">[187]</a> NME ranked Franks Wild Years fifth on its list of albums of the year.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> The album was Waits's first collaboration with <a href="/wiki/David_Hidalgo" title="David Hidalgo">David Hidalgo</a>, who played accordion on "Cold, Cold Ground" and "Train Song". After its release, Waits toured North America and Europe,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007166Hoskyns2009350,_352–353-189">[189]</a> his last full tour for two decades.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007167-190">[190]</a> Two of these performances were the basis for Chris Blum's concert film <a href="/wiki/Big_Time_(1988_film)" title="Big Time (1988 film)">Big Time</a> (1988).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007195Hoskyns2009347–348,_352–353-191">[191]</a> Waits continued interacting and working with other artists he admired. He was a great fan of <a href="/wiki/The_Pogues" title="The Pogues">the Pogues</a> and went on a Chicago <a href="/wiki/Pub_crawl" title="Pub crawl">pub crawl</a> with them in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007158–160-192">[192]</a> The following year, he appeared as a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_ceremonies" title="Master of ceremonies">master of ceremonies</a> on several dates of <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Costello" title="Elvis Costello">Elvis Costello</a>'s "Wheel of Fortune" tour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007178–179-193">[193]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> At rehearsals, Tom Waits looked like any moment he might break at the waist or his head fall off his shoulders on to the floor. I once saw a small-town idiot walking across the park, totally drunk, but he was holding an ice-cream, staggering, but also concentrating on not allowing the ice-cream to fall. I felt there was something similar to Tom. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a>, Waits's co-star in Ironweed<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007193-194">[194]</a></cite></div> </div> In 1986, he took a small part in <a href="/wiki/Candy_Mountain" title="Candy Mountain">Candy Mountain</a>, as millionaire golf enthusiast Al Silk.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007187Hoskyns2009340–342-195">[195]</a> He costarred in <a href="/wiki/Hector_Babenco" class="mw-redirect" title="Hector Babenco">Hector Babenco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ironweed_(film)" title="Ironweed (film)">Ironweed</a>, as Rudy the Kraut.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007190–192Hoskyns2009342–345-196">[196]</a> Hoskyns noted that Ironweed put Waits "on the mainstream Hollywood map as a character actor". In Fall 1987, Waits and his family left New York and returned to Los Angeles, settling on Union Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009345-197">[197]</a> He appeared as a hitman in <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dornhelm" title="Robert Dornhelm">Robert Dornhelm</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cold_Feet_(1989_film)" title="Cold Feet (1989 film)">Cold Feet</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007188–189Hoskyns2009358–359-198">[198]</a> and lent his voice to Jarmusch's <a href="/wiki/Mystery_Train_(film)" title="Mystery Train (film)">Mystery Train</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007213–214Hoskyns2009361-199">[199]</a> Although Waits had provided a voice-over for a 1981 television advert for Butcher's Blend dog food,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007205Hoskyns2009355-200">[200]</a> he objected to musicians letting companies use their songs in advertising; he said that "artists who take money for ads poison and pervert their songs".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009355–356-201">[201]</a> In November 1988, he brought a lawsuit against <a href="/wiki/Frito-Lay" title="Frito-Lay">Frito-Lay</a> for using an impersonator performing "Step Right Up" in an advertisement for <a href="/wiki/Doritos" title="Doritos">Doritos</a>; it came to court in April 1990, and Waits won the case in 1992. He received a $2.6 million settlement, a sum larger than his earnings from all of his previous albums combined.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007202–203Hoskyns2009354–356-202">[202]</a> This earned him and Brennan reputations as tireless adversaries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009378-203">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Black_Rider,_Bone_Machine,_and_Alice:_1989–1998">The Black Rider, Bone Machine, and Alice: 1989–1998</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Black Rider, Bone Machine, and Alice: 1989–1998">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:373px;max-width:373px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:2014-01-19_Luebeck_Wachter_Wilson_(cropped_-_Robert_Wilson).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/2014-01-19_Luebeck_Wachter_Wilson_%28cropped_-_Robert_Wilson%29.jpg/200px-2014-01-19_Luebeck_Wachter_Wilson_%28cropped_-_Robert_Wilson%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/2014-01-19_Luebeck_Wachter_Wilson_%28cropped_-_Robert_Wilson%29.jpg/300px-2014-01-19_Luebeck_Wachter_Wilson_%28cropped_-_Robert_Wilson%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/2014-01-19_Luebeck_Wachter_Wilson_%28cropped_-_Robert_Wilson%29.jpg/400px-2014-01-19_Luebeck_Wachter_Wilson_%28cropped_-_Robert_Wilson%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="685" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Burroughs1983_crop_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Burroughs1983_crop_b.jpg/165px-Burroughs1983_crop_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Burroughs1983_crop_b.jpg/248px-Burroughs1983_crop_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Burroughs1983_crop_b.jpg/330px-Burroughs1983_crop_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="798" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Waits collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilson_(director)" title="Robert Wilson (director)">Robert Wilson</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/William_S._Burroughs" title="William S. Burroughs">William S. Burroughs</a> (right) on The Black Rider.</div></div></div></div> In 1989, Waits began planning a collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilson_(director)" title="Robert Wilson (director)">Robert Wilson</a>, a theater director he had known throughout the 1980s. Their project was the "cowboy opera" <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Rider" title="The Black Rider">The Black Rider</a>. It was based on a German folk tale, the <a href="/wiki/Freisch%C3%BCtz" title="Freischütz">Freischütz</a>, which had inspired <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Carl Maria von Weber</a>'s opera <a href="/wiki/Der_Freisch%C3%BCtz" title="Der Freischütz">Der Freischütz</a> (1821).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009361–362,_364–365-204">[204]</a> In 2004, Waits related that "Wilson is my teacher. There's nobody that's affected me that much as an artist".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009367-205">[205]</a> Waits wrote the music and, at the suggestion of <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>, Waits and Wilson approached <a href="/wiki/William_S._Burroughs" title="William S. Burroughs">William S. Burroughs</a> to pen the lyrics. They flew to <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> to meet with Burroughs, who agreed to join the project. Waits traveled to <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>< germany, in May 1989 to work on the project, and was later joined there by Burroughs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009365–368-206">[206]</a> The Black Rider debuted in Hamburg's <a href="/wiki/Thalia_Theater_(Hamburg)" title="Thalia Theater (Hamburg)">Thalia Theater</a> in March 1990.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007210Hoskyns2009369-207">[207]</a> On completing its run at the Thalia, the play went on an international tour,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009402-208">[208]</a> with a second run of performances occurring in the mid-2000s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007288-209">[209]</a> In June 1989, Waits travelled to London to play a <a href="/wiki/Punch_and_Judy" title="Punch and Judy">Punch and Judy</a> puppeteer in Ann Guedes's film Bearskin: An Urban Fairytale.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007230Hoskyns2009369–370-210">[210]</a> He proceeded to Ireland, where he was joined by Brennan and spent time with her family.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009370-211">[211]</a> In December 1989, he began a stint as Curly, a mobster's son, at the Los Angeles Theater Center production of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babe" title="Thomas Babe">Thomas Babe</a>'s play Demon Wine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007213Hoskyns2009361-212">[212]</a> Over the next four years, he made seven film appearances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009370-211">[211]</a> He nevertheless repeatedly told press that he did not see himself as an actor, but only as someone who did some acting.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009375-213">[213]</a> He made a brief appearance as a plainclothes cop in <a href="/wiki/The_Two_Jakes" title="The Two Jakes">The Two Jakes</a> (1990) and played a disabled war veteran in <a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Fisher_King" title="The Fisher King">The Fisher King</a> (1991).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007229–231Hoskyns2009370–371-214">[214]</a> He had a cameo in <a href="/wiki/Steve_Rash" title="Steve Rash">Steve Rash</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Queens_Logic" title="Queens Logic">Queens Logic</a> (1991) and played a pilot-for-hire in <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Babenco" title="Héctor Babenco">Héctor Babenco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/At_Play_in_the_Fields_of_the_Lord" title="At Play in the Fields of the Lord">At Play in the Fields of the Lord</a> (1991).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007215,_230–231Hoskyns2009370–371-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stories-216">[216]</a> He appeared as himself fishing with <a href="/wiki/John_Lurie" title="John Lurie">John Lurie</a> on <a href="/wiki/Fishing_with_John" title="Fishing with John">Fishing with John</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Renfield" title="Renfield">Renfield</a> in Coppola's <a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker%27s_Dracula_(1992_film)" title="Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992 film)">Bram Stoker's Dracula</a> (1992).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007238Hoskyns2009372-217">[217]</a> Waits starred as Earl Piggot, an alcoholic limousine driver, in <a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Short_Cuts" title="Short Cuts">Short Cuts</a> (1993).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007251–254Hoskyns2009373-218">[218]</a> Hoskyns said that this "may be the best performance Waits ever gave as an actor."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009374-219">[219]</a> In 1991, Waits and his family moved to the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Sonoma,_California" title="Sonoma, California">Sonoma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stories-216">[216]</a> Waits's family later relocated to a secluded house near <a href="/wiki/Valley_Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley Ford">Valley Ford</a> after a bypass road was built near to their first Sonoma County house.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007255Hoskyns2009380-220">[220]</a> Also in 1991, 13 of Waits's 1971 pre-Asylum Records recordings were released for the first time on the first volume of <a href="/wiki/The_Early_Years_(album_series)" title="The Early Years (album series)">Tom Waits: The Early Years</a>. Waits was angered at this, describing many of his early demos as "baby pictures" that he would not want released. A second volume with 13 more recordings from 1971 was released in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200736,_43,_211–212Hoskyns2009378–379-221">[221]</a> In April 1992, Waits released the soundtrack album to Jarmusch's <a href="/wiki/Night_on_Earth" title="Night on Earth">Night on Earth</a>. Largely instrumental, it had been recorded at the Prairie Sun studio in <a href="/wiki/Cotati,_California" title="Cotati, California">Cotati</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009383-222">[222]</a> In 1992, Waits quit drinking alcohol and joined <a href="/wiki/Alcoholics_Anonymous" title="Alcoholics Anonymous">Alcoholics Anonymous</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009381–382-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> In the early 1990s he took part in several charitable causes. In 1990 he contributed a song to the <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a> benefit album <a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_%2B_Blue" title="Red Hot + Blue">Red Hot + Blue</a> and later appeared at a <a href="/wiki/Wiltern_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiltern Theater">Wiltern Theater</a> fundraising show for the victims of the <a href="/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots" title="1992 Los Angeles riots">1992 Los Angeles riots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007212–213Hoskyns2009414–415-225">[225]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamburg_Thalia-Thetaer_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hamburg_Thalia-Thetaer_2010.jpg/220px-Hamburg_Thalia-Thetaer_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hamburg_Thalia-Thetaer_2010.jpg/330px-Hamburg_Thalia-Thetaer_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Hamburg_Thalia-Thetaer_2010.jpg/440px-Hamburg_Thalia-Thetaer_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2876" data-file-height="2342" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thalia_Theater_(Hamburg)" title="Thalia Theater (Hamburg)">The Thalia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, where <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Rider" title="The Black Rider">The Black Rider</a> and Alice were first performed</figcaption></figure> In August 1992, Waits released his tenth studio album, <a href="/wiki/Bone_Machine" title="Bone Machine">Bone Machine</a>. Waits wanted to explore "more machinery sounds" with the album, reflecting his interest in <a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">industrial music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009386–387-226">[226]</a> It was recorded in an old storage room at Prairie Sun. Waits recalled: "I found a great room to work in, it's just a cement floor and a hot water heater. Okay, we'll do it here. It's got some good echo."<a href="#cite_note-thrasher-227">[227]</a> Eight of the album's tracks were co-written with Brennan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009386-228">[228]</a> The cover was co-designed by Waits and <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Dylan" title="Jesse Dylan">Jesse Dylan</a>. Jarmusch and Dylan directed videos for "I Don't Wanna Grow Up", and "Goin' Out West", respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009395–396-229">[229]</a> Critic Steve Huey called it "perhaps Tom Waits's most cohesive album ... a morbid, sinister nightmare, one that applied the quirks of his experimental '80s classics to stunningly evocative—and often harrowing—effect ... Waits's most affecting and powerful recording, even if it isn't his most accessible."<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> The album's closing track, "That Feel", was co-written with <a href="/wiki/Keith_Richards" title="Keith Richards">Keith Richards</a>. Bone Machine won the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Alternative_Music_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album">Best Alternative Music Album</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007247Hoskyns2009435-231">[231]</a> in response, Waits asked Jarmusch: "alternative to what?!"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009435-232">[232]</a> Waits decided to record an album of the songs written for The Black Rider, and did so at Los Angeles's <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Sound_Factory" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunset Sound Factory">Sunset Sound Factory</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Rider_(album)" title="The Black Rider (album)">The Black Rider</a> was released in the fall of 1993.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007248Hoskyns2009397–398,_401-233">[233]</a> Waits and Wilson decided to collaborate again, this time on an operatic treatment of <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a>'s relationship with <a href="/wiki/Alice_Liddell" title="Alice Liddell">Alice Liddell</a>, who had provided the inspiration for <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice in Wonderland">Alice in Wonderland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Through_the_Looking_Glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Through the Looking Glass">Through the Looking Glass</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007279Hoskyns2009402-234">[234]</a> Again scheduled to premier at the Thalia, they began working on the project in Hamburg in early 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009402–403-235">[235]</a> Waits characterized the songs he wrote for the play as "adult songs for children, or children's songs for adults". In his lyrics, Waits drew on his increasing interest in <a href="/wiki/Freak_shows" class="mw-redirect" title="Freak shows">freak shows</a> and the physically deformed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009404–405-236">[236]</a> He thought the play itself was about "repression, mental illness and obsessive, compulsive disorders".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007279-237">[237]</a> Alice premiered at the Thalia in December 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007279Hoskyns2009407-238">[238]</a> In early 1993, Brennan was pregnant with Waits's third child, Sullivan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009407-239">[239]</a> He decided to reduce his workload so as to spend more time with his children; this isolation spawned rumours that he was seriously ill or had separated from his wife. For three years, he turned down all offers to perform gigs or appear in movies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009410–411-240">[240]</a> However, he made several cameos and guest appearances on albums by musicians he admired.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009413-241">[241]</a> In February 1996, he held a benefit performance to raise funds for the legal defense of his friend Don Hyde, who had been charged with distributing <a href="/wiki/LSD" title="LSD">LSD</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009415-242">[242]</a> He wrote "Walk Away" and "The Fall of Troy" for <a href="/wiki/Dead_Man_Walking_(soundtrack)" title="Dead Man Walking (soundtrack)">the soundtrack</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dead_Man_Walking_(film)" title="Dead Man Walking (film)">Dead Man Walking</a> (1995)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007255–257Hoskyns2009414–415-243">[243]</a> and "Little Drop of Poison" for <a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Violence" title="The End of Violence">The End of Violence</a> (1997).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007271-244">[244]</a> In 1998, Island released <a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Maladies" title="Beautiful Maladies">Beautiful Maladies</a>, a compilation of 23 Waits tracks from his albums with the company, selected by Waits himself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007257Hoskyns2009429-245">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mule_Variations_and_Woyzeck:_1999–2003">Mule Variations and Woyzeck: 1999–2003</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mule Variations and Woyzeck: 1999–2003">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paramount_austin_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Paramount_austin_2006.jpg/220px-Paramount_austin_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Paramount_austin_2006.jpg/330px-Paramount_austin_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Paramount_austin_2006.jpg/440px-Paramount_austin_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>In 1999, Waits performed at the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Theatre_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Paramount Theatre (Austin, Texas)">Paramount Theater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>.</figcaption></figure> After his contract with Island expired, Waits decided not to try to renew it, particularly as Blackwell had resigned from the company.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007257Hoskyns2009417-246">[246]</a> He signed to a smaller record label, <a href="/wiki/Anti-_(record_label)" title="Anti- (record label)">Anti-</a>, recently launched as an offshoot of the <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk</a>-label <a href="/wiki/Epitaph_Records" title="Epitaph Records">Epitaph Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007259Hoskyns2009429-247">[247]</a> He described the company as "a friendly place".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009429-248">[248]</a> The president of Anti-, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Kaulkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Andy Kaulkin">Andy Kaulkin</a>, said the label was "blown away that Tom would even consider us. We are huge fans."<a href="#cite_note-billboard209-249">[249]</a> Waits himself praised the label: "Epitaph is a label run by and for artists and musicians, where it feels much more like a partnership than a plantation ... We shook on the deal over a coffee in a truck stop. I know it's going to be an adventure."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007259-250">[250]</a> In March 1999, Anti- released <a href="/wiki/Mule_Variations" title="Mule Variations">Mule Variations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009429-248">[248]</a> Waits had been recording the tracks at Prairie Sun since June 1998.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007260Hoskyns2009419-251">[251]</a> The tracks often dealt with themes involving rural life in the United States and were influenced by the early blues recordings made by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax">Alan Lomax</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009418–419-252">[252]</a> Waits coined the term "surrural" ("surreal" and "rural") to describe the album's content.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007263Hoskyns2009419-253">[253]</a> Mule Variations reached number 30 on the U.S. Billboard 200, the highest showing of a Waits album.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007264Hoskyns2009432-254">[254]</a> The album was well received,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009429-248">[248]</a> being named "Album of the Year" by <a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007265-255">[255]</a> It won the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Contemporary_Folk_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album">Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007264Hoskyns2009435-256">[256]</a> On the categorization of the album as <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a>, Waits said: "That's not a bad thing to be called if you've got to be in some kind of category."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009435-232">[232]</a> Also in March 1999, Waits gave his first live show in three years at <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Theatre_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Paramount Theatre (Austin, Texas)">Paramount Theater, Austin, Texas</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/South_by_Southwest" title="South by Southwest">South by Southwest</a> festival.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009430-257">[257]</a> He subsequently appeared in an episode of <a href="/wiki/VH1_Storytellers" title="VH1 Storytellers">VH1 Storytellers</a>. In the later part of the year he embarked on the Mule Variations tour, primarily in the U.S. but also featuring dates in Berlin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009431,_433-258">[258]</a> In October, he performed at <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a>'s annual <a href="/wiki/Bridge_School_Benefit" title="Bridge School Benefit">Bridge School benefit</a> concert.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007268Hoskyns2009434-259">[259]</a> That year, he appeared in <a href="/wiki/Kinka_Usher" title="Kinka Usher">Kinka Usher</a>'s comic book spoof <a href="/wiki/Mystery_Men" title="Mystery Men">Mystery Men</a> as Dr A. Heller, an eccentric inventor living in an abandoned amusement park.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007271–272Hoskyns2009430-260">[260]</a> In 2000, Waits began writing songs for Wilson's adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner" title="Georg Büchner">Georg Büchner</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Woyzeck" title="Woyzeck">Woyzeck</a>, which had earlier inspired <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a>'s opera <a href="/wiki/Wozzeck" title="Wozzeck">Wozzeck</a> (1925). It was scheduled to start at the Betty Nansen Theater in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> in November 2000. He initially worked on the songs at home before traveling to Copenhagen for rehearsals in October.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007273Hoskyns2009438–440-261">[261]</a> Waits stated that he liked the play because it was "a proletariat story  ... about a poor soldier who is manipulated by the government".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009438-262">[262]</a> He decided to then record the songs he had written for both Alice and Woyzeck, placing them on separate albums. For these recordings, he brought in a range of jazz and avant-garde musicians from San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009441–443-263">[263]</a> The two albums, <a href="/wiki/Alice_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Alice (Tom Waits album)">Alice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_Money_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Blood Money (Tom Waits album)">Blood Money</a>, were released simultaneously in May 2002.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007275Hoskyns2009457-264">[264]</a> Alice entered the U.S. album chart at number 32 and Blood Money at number 33, his highest charting positions at that time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009457-265">[265]</a> Waits described Alice as being "more metaphysical or something, maybe more water, more feminine", while Blood Money was "more earthbound, more carnival, more the slaving meat-wheel that we're all on". Of the two, Alice was better received by critics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009444,_458-266">[266]</a> Jesse Dylan directed a video for "God's Away On Business", but shooting was delayed when the <a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">emus</a> who were set to star were eaten by coyotes. Per <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a>, "Replacements were hastily found and the video for ‘God’s Away On Business’, the single lifted from ‘Blood Money’, one of Waits’ two new albums, went ahead a little late."<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> In May 2001, Waits accepted a Founders Award at the 18th annual <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Composers,_Authors_and_Publishers" title="American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers">American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers</a> (ASCAP) Pop Music Awards in a ceremony at Los Angeles's <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hilton_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverly Hilton Hotel">Beverly Hilton Hotel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007283Hoskyns2009455-268">[268]</a> That same month, he joined singers <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(rock_musician)" title="Nancy Wilson (rock musician)">Nancy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ann_Wilson" title="Ann Wilson">Ann Wilson</a> of <a href="/wiki/Heart_(band)" title="Heart (band)">Heart</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a>, in launching a $40 million lawsuit against <a href="/wiki/Mp3.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Mp3.com">mp3.com</a> for copyright infringement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007285Hoskyns2009455-269">[269]</a> In September 2002, he appeared at a hearing on accounting practices within the music industry in California. There, he expressed satisfaction with Anti- but declared more broadly that "the record companies are like cartels. It's a nightmare to be trapped in one."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009455–456-270">[270]</a> In September 2003, Waits performed at the Healing the Divide fundraiser in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009450-271">[271]</a> He appeared in Jarmusch's <a href="/wiki/Coffee_and_Cigarettes" title="Coffee and Cigarettes">Coffee and Cigarettes</a> (2003), having a conversation with <a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007302Hoskyns2009396–397-272">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real_Gone_and_Orphans:_2004–2011">Real Gone and Orphans: 2004–2011</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Real Gone and Orphans: 2004–2011">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Waits_Praha_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tom_Waits_Praha_2008.jpg/220px-Tom_Waits_Praha_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tom_Waits_Praha_2008.jpg/330px-Tom_Waits_Praha_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tom_Waits_Praha_2008.jpg/440px-Tom_Waits_Praha_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Tom Waits performing in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> in 2008 as part of his <a href="/wiki/Glitter_and_Doom_Tour" title="Glitter and Doom Tour">Glitter and Doom Tour</a></figcaption></figure> In 2004, Waits released his fifteenth studio album, <a href="/wiki/Real_Gone_(album)" title="Real Gone (album)">Real Gone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007288Hoskyns2009458-273">[273]</a> Waits had recorded it in an abandoned schoolhouse in <a href="/wiki/Locke,_California" title="Locke, California">Locke</a>. Hoskyns called the album Waits's "roughest, most unkempt music to date". It incorporated Waits <a href="/wiki/Beatbox" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatbox">beatboxing</a>, a technique he had picked up from his growing interest in <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009458–459-274">[274]</a> Humphries characterized it as "the most overtly political album of Waits's career".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007289-275">[275]</a> It featured three political songs expressing Waits's anger at the presidency of <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>. He said: "I'm not a politician. I keep my mouth shut because I don't want to put my foot in it. But at a certain point, saying absolutely nothing is a political statement of its own."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009458-276">[276]</a> Real Gone received largely positive reviews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007294-277">[277]</a> It made the Billboard Top 30 as well as the Top 10 in several European album charts,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009469-278">[278]</a> also earning him a nomination for Best International Male Solo Artist at the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Brit_Awards" title="Brit Awards">Brit Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007301-279">[279]</a> In October 2004, he launched a tour in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> before heading to Europe, where his shows were sell-outs:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009469–470-280">[280]</a> his only London gig saw 78,000 applications for around 3,700 available tickets.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007299-281">[281]</a> Per Bowman, "Much of Real Gone was built around oral-percussion home recordings that Waits made in his bathroom, using his mouth as a human beat-box. A superb example is the bed track underpinning the hellacious groove of ‘Metropolitan Glide’ that Waits aptly described as ‘cubist funk.’ In stark contrast, the album's closing track, 'Day After Tomorrow,' returned Waits to his singer-songwriter roots, and features a beautiful melody that sounds eerily similar to Dylan's early acoustic work."<a href="#cite_note-Bowman-1">[1]</a> After several years without film appearances, he played a gun-toting <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tony_Scott" title="Tony Scott">Tony Scott</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Domino_(2005_film)" title="Domino (2005 film)">Domino</a> (2005).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007303–305Hoskyns2009471-282">[282]</a> Later that year, he traveled to Italy to appear in Benigni's <a href="/wiki/The_Tiger_and_the_Snow" title="The Tiger and the Snow">The Tiger and the Snow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007304Hoskyns2009471-283">[283]</a> He followed this with a performance as an angel posing as a tramp in <a href="/wiki/Wristcutters:_A_Love_Story" title="Wristcutters: A Love Story">Wristcutters: A Love Story</a> (2007).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009471-284">[284]</a> In the summer of 2006, Waits embarked on his "Orphans" tour of southern and Midwest states. His son Casey played in the band accompanying him on tour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009484-285">[285]</a> In 2006, he issued <a href="/wiki/Orphans:_Brawlers,_Bawlers_%26_Bastards" title="Orphans: Brawlers, Bawlers & Bastards">Orphans: Brawlers, Bawlers & Bastards</a>, a 54-song three-disc box set of rarities, unreleased tracks and new compositions; Waits described its contents as "songs that fell behind the stove while making dinner." The first disc, Brawlers, consists of raucous <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blues_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blues (music)">blues</a>-based numbers; the second, Bawlers, of melancholic <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a> songs and ballads; the third, Bastards, of stories, <a href="/wiki/Spoken_word" title="Spoken word">spoken word</a> pieces and other works not so easily categorized.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009472–473-286">[286]</a> Orphans made the top ten in several European charts. In 2006, Waits was a guest on <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Show" title="The Daily Show">The Daily Show</a> with <a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Jon Stewart</a>, where he played "Day After Tomorrow".<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cole,_Waits_TIFF09_tweaked.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cole%2C_Waits_TIFF09_tweaked.jpg/220px-Cole%2C_Waits_TIFF09_tweaked.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Cole%2C_Waits_TIFF09_tweaked.jpg/330px-Cole%2C_Waits_TIFF09_tweaked.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Cole%2C_Waits_TIFF09_tweaked.jpg 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption>Waits next to <a href="/wiki/Lily_Cole" title="Lily Cole">Lily Cole</a> at the premiere for <a href="/wiki/The_Imaginarium_of_Doctor_Parnassus" title="The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus">The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus</a> at the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Toronto_International_Film_Festival" title="Toronto International Film Festival">Toronto International Film Festival</a></figcaption></figure> In January 2008, Waits performed at a benefit for Bet Tzedek Legal Services—The House of Justice, a <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonprofit">nonprofit</a> poverty law center, in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> That year, Waits embarked on his <a href="/wiki/Glitter_and_Doom_Tour" title="Glitter and Doom Tour">Glitter and Doom Tour</a>, starting in the U.S. and moving to Europe. Both of his sons played with him on the tour.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009495,_497-289">[289]</a> At the June concert in <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a>, Waits was presented with the key to the city. Approached by a police officer, he said: "I paid all those tickets!" Breaking character, he said: “This is a first for me, a real first.”<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> In 2009, he released the two-disc <a href="/wiki/Glitter_and_Doom_Live" title="Glitter and Doom Live">Glitter and Doom Live</a>. He continued acting, playing Mr Nick in Gilliam's <a href="/wiki/The_Imaginarium_of_Doctor_Parnassus" title="The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus">The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus</a> (2009)<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> and Engineer in <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Eli" title="The Book of Eli">The Book of Eli</a> (2010), a <a href="/wiki/Post-apocalyptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-apocalyptic">post-apocalyptic</a> film by the <a href="/wiki/Hughes_brothers" title="Hughes brothers">Hughes brothers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> Waits found himself in a situation similar to his earlier one with Frito Lay in 2000 when <a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> approached him, asking to use "Innocent When You Dream" for a commercial broadcast in Spain. Waits declined, but the commercial ultimately featured music very similar to that song. Waits undertook legal action, and a Spanish court recognized that there had been a violation of Waits's <a href="/wiki/Moral_rights" title="Moral rights">moral rights</a> in addition to the infringement of copyright. The production company, Tandem Campmany Guasch, was ordered to pay compensation to Waits through his Spanish publisher. Waits later joked that they got the name of the song wrong, thinking it was called "Innocent When You Scheme".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007305-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> In 2005, Waits sued <a href="/wiki/Adam_Opel_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Opel AG">Adam Opel AG</a>, claiming that, after having failed to sign him to sing in their Scandinavian commercials, they had hired a sound-alike singer. In 2007, the suit was settled, and Waits gave his proceeds to charity.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bad_as_Me_and_later_work:_2011–present">Bad as Me and later work: 2011–present</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bad as Me and later work: 2011–present">edit</a>]</div> In 2010, Waits was reported to be working on a new stage musical with director and long-time collaborator <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilson_(director)" title="Robert Wilson (director)">Robert Wilson</a> and playwright <a href="/wiki/Martin_McDonagh" title="Martin McDonagh">Martin McDonagh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> In early 2011, Waits completed a set of 23 poems, Seeds on Hard Ground, which were inspired by Michael O'Brien's portraits of the homeless in his book, Hard Ground. O'Brien's book included the poems alongside the portraits. In anticipation of the book release, Waits and <a href="/wiki/ANTI-" class="mw-redirect" title="ANTI-">ANTI-</a> printed limited edition chapbooks of the poems to raise money for Redwood Empire Food Bank, a homeless referral and family support service in <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma County, California</a>. As of January 26, 2011, four editions, each limited to 1,000 copies, sold out, raising $90,000 for the food bank.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> On February 24, 2011, it was announced via Waits's official website that he had begun work on his next studio album.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> Waits said through his website that on August 23 he would "set the record straight" in regards to rumors of a new release.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> On August 23, the title of the new album was revealed to be <a href="/wiki/Bad_as_Me" title="Bad as Me">Bad as Me</a>,<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> and the lead single and title track started being offered via <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> and other sites.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> In March 2011, Waits was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a>.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> In his acceptance speech, Waits said: "I’d like to thank my family. They know me and they love me anyway. My wife and her incandescent light that has guided me and kept me alive and breathing and sparkling. And my kids who, well, they taught me everything I know. Or maybe they taught me everything they know. I don’t know. They taught me a lot."<a href="#cite_note-Induction-6">[6]</a> In 2012, Waits had a supporting role in McDonagh's crime comedy <a href="/wiki/Seven_Psychopaths" title="Seven Psychopaths">Seven Psychopaths</a> as a retired <a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">serial killer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> In 2013, he lent his voice to <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a> episode "<a href="/wiki/Homer_Goes_to_Prep_School" title="Homer Goes to Prep School">Homer Goes to Prep School</a>" as a survivalist.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> On May 5, 2013, he joined <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">the Rolling Stones</a> on stage at the Oracle Arena in Oakland, California, to duet with <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a> on <a href="/wiki/Willie_Dixon" title="Willie Dixon">Willie Dixon</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Little_Red_Rooster" title="Little Red Rooster">Little Red Rooster</a>".<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> On October 27, 2013, Waits performed at the 27th annual <a href="/wiki/Bridge_School_Benefit" title="Bridge School Benefit">Bridge School Benefit</a> concert in Mountain View California; <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> called his performance a "triumph".<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> Over the years, Waits made six appearances on the <a href="/wiki/Late_Show_with_David_Letterman" title="Late Show with David Letterman">Late Show with David Letterman</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009487-311">[311]</a> and on May 14, 2015, sang "Take One Last Look" on the show's fifth to last broadcast.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> He was accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Taylor" title="Larry Taylor">Larry Taylor</a> on upright bass and Gabriel Donohue on piano accordion, with the horn section of the <a href="/wiki/CBS_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Orchestra">CBS Orchestra</a>. In 2016, Waits pursued litigation against French artist Bartabas, who had used several of his songs as a backdrop to a theatrical performance. Claims and counterclaims were made, with Bartabas claiming to have sought and been granted permission to use the material (and to have paid $400,000 for the privilege) but with Waits claiming that his identity had been stolen. The court ruled in Bartabas's favor, and the circus performance was allowed to continue, although the threat of further litigation meant that it was not performed outside France and the resulting DVD release does not contain Waits's material.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> In 2018, Waits had a feature role in <a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Buster_Scruggs" title="The Ballad of Buster Scruggs">The Ballad of Buster Scruggs</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western</a> anthology film by the <a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Coen brothers</a>, as the Prospector.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> Also in 2018, Waits provided the recorded narration for performances of McDonagh's play <a href="/wiki/A_Very_Very_Very_Dark_Matter" title="A Very Very Very Dark Matter">A Very Very Very Dark Matter</a>, which was performed at the <a href="/wiki/Bridge_Theatre" title="Bridge Theatre">Bridge Theatre, London</a>. In 2021, Waits had a supporting role in <a href="/wiki/Paul_Thomas_Anderson" title="Paul Thomas Anderson">Paul Thomas Anderson</a>'s coming-of-age film <a href="/wiki/Licorice_Pizza" title="Licorice Pizza">Licorice Pizza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> In 2023, he joined <a href="/wiki/Iggy_Pop" title="Iggy Pop">Iggy Pop</a> on the Confidential Show, where they swapped stories and songs.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_style">Musical style</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Musical style">edit</a>]</div> Per Bowman, Waits <blockquote>has never been of his time, ahead of his time, or, for that matter, locked into any particular time. An outsider artist before the term was in common use, Waits has been enamored, at various points in his career, with the cool of 1940s and 1950s <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>; the 1950s and 1960s word-jazz and poetry of such <a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">Beat</a> and Beat-influenced writers as <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Jack Kerouac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Buckley" title="Lord Buckley">Lord Buckley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bukowski" title="Charles Bukowski">Charles Bukowski</a>; the primal <a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock & roll">rock & roll</a> crunch of the <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Stones">Rolling Stones</a>; the German <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabaret</a> stylings of <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Kurt Weill</a>; the postwar, alternate world of invented instruments and rugged individualism of <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> composer <a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Harry Partch</a>; the proto-metal <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> of 1950s and 1960s <a href="/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf">Howlin' Wolf</a> and their extension into the world of <a href="/wiki/Captain_Beefheart" title="Captain Beefheart">Captain Beefheart</a>'s late-1960s <a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">avant-rock</a>; the archaic formalism of 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Parlour_music" title="Parlour music">parlor ballads</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Dylan</a>'s early- and mid-sixties transformation of the possibilities of language in the worlds of both <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_folk_music" title="Contemporary folk music">folk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a>; the elegance of pre-war <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hoagy_Carmichael" title="Hoagy Carmichael">Hoagy Carmichael</a>; the sophistication of postwar <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>; and, more recently, the bone-crushing grooves of 1980s and 1990s <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip-hop" title="Hip-hop">hip-hop</a>. Indeed, the art of Tom Waits has altogether transcended time and, to some degree, place.<a href="#cite_note-Bowman-1">[1]</a></blockquote> Asked about the distinction between words and music, he says: "I'm still a word guy. I'm drawn to people who use a certain vernacular and communicate with words. Words are music, really. I mean, people ask me, 'Do you write music or do you write words?' But you don't really, it's all one thing at its best."<a href="#cite_note-pitchfork-318">[318]</a> His work was influenced by his voracious reading and by conversations that he overheard in diners.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200971-319">[319]</a> In addition to Kerouac and Bukowski, literary influences include <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Algren" title="Nelson Algren">Nelson Algren</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Rechy" title="John Rechy">John Rechy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Selby_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubert Selby Jr">Hubert Selby Jr</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200972–74-320">[320]</a> Bowman notes the influence of crime writers like <a href="/wiki/Dashiell_Hammett" title="Dashiell Hammett">Dashiell Hammett</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_D._Macdonald" class="mw-redirect" title="John D. Macdonald">John D. Macdonald</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman-98">[98]</a> Waits says that "for a songwriter, Dylan is as essential as a hammer and nails and saw are to a carpenter."<a href="#cite_note-Albums-21">[21]</a> Musical influences include <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200985,_111-321">[321]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dr._John" title="Dr. John">Dr. John</a>. He has praised <a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a>: "Want to learn how to write songs? Listen to Merle Haggard."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007211-322">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009167-323">[323]</a> He is an <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> lover, and recalls hearing <a href="/wiki/Puccini" class="mw-redirect" title="Puccini">Puccini</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Nessun_dorma" title="Nessun dorma">Nessun dorma</a>" "in the kitchen at Coppola's with <a href="/wiki/Raul_Julia" title="Raul Julia">Raul Julia</a> one night, and it changed my life, that particular Aria... It was like giving a cigar to a five-year old." A jazz influence is <a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a>: "He almost sounded like a kid taking piano lessons. I could relate to that when I first started playing the piano, because he was decomposing the music while he was playing it."<a href="#cite_note-Albums-21">[21]</a> Regarding his eclectic influences, he says: "I draw from all kinds of sources and I listen to a lot of things ... I would recommend that when you are starting out that you stay with your own stuff and find out who you are. And stay with you mining your own unique qualities rather than trying to sound like somebody else. I mean you do start out like somebody else, and slowly you become yourself, so it's kinda like life, you know?"<a href="#cite_note-Saunders-104">[104]</a> Waits described his voice as being "the sand in the sandwich."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007298-324">[324]</a> By 1982, Waits's musical style shifted; Hoskyns noted that this new style "was fashioned out of diverse and disparate ingredients." This new style was influenced by Beefheart and Partch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009279-146">[146]</a> Noting that he had a "gravelly timbre",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200791-325">[325]</a> Humphries characterized Waits's voice as one that "sounds like it was hauled through <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a> in a dredger."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200750-326">[326]</a> His voice was described by critic Daniel Durchholz as sounding as though "it was soaked in a vat of bourbon, left hanging in the smokehouse for a few months, and then taken outside and run over with a car."<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Stone magazine">Rolling Stone</a> also noted his "rusted plow-blade voice."<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> One of Waits's own favorite descriptions of his vocal style was "<a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a> meeting in Hell."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007-329">[329]</a> Humphries cited him, alongside Newman, <a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Prine" title="John Prine">John Prine</a>, as a number of U.S. singers who followed Dylan in breaking away from conventional styles of popular music and singing with their "distinctive" voices.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007139-330">[330]</a> Waits can sing in <a href="/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">falsetto</a>, as heard on "Shore Leave", "Temptation" and "All Stripped Down". Waits said he couldn't sing in falsetto until after he quit smoking, adding "Nobody does it like <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a>; nobody does it like <a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Albums-21">[21]</a> He is known for his eclectic use of instruments, some of his own devising. On <a href="/wiki/Swordfishtrombones" title="Swordfishtrombones">Swordfishtrombones</a>, his orchestration included <a href="/wiki/Talking_drums" class="mw-redirect" title="Talking drums">talking drums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_marimba" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass marimba">bass marimba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glass_harmonica" title="Glass harmonica">glass harmonica</a>; on <a href="/wiki/Rain_Dogs" title="Rain Dogs">Rain Dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harmonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonium">harmonium</a>; on <a href="/wiki/Franks_Wild_Years" title="Franks Wild Years">Franks Wild Years</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">glockenspiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mellotron" title="Mellotron">Mellotron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farfisa" title="Farfisa">Farfisa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Optigan" title="Optigan">Optigan</a>; on <a href="/wiki/Bone_Machine" title="Bone Machine">Bone Machine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mule_Variations" title="Mule Variations">Mule Variations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chamberlin" title="Chamberlin">Chamberlin</a>; on <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Rider" title="The Black Rider">The Black Rider</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Musical_saw" title="Musical saw">singing saw</a>; on <a href="/wiki/Alice_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Alice (Tom Waits album)">Alice</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Stroh_violin" title="Stroh violin">Stroh violin</a>; on <a href="/wiki/Blood_Money_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Blood Money (Tom Waits album)">Blood Money</a>, a 57-whistle pneumatic <a href="/wiki/Calliope_(music)" title="Calliope (music)">calliope</a> and an Indonesian seedpod.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaits-331">[331]</a> He explains "I use things we hear around us all the time, built and found instruments. Things that aren't normally considered instruments: dragging a chair across the floor or hitting the side of a locker real hard with a two-by-four, a freedom bell, a brake drum with a major imperfection, a police bullhorn. It's more interesting. I don't like straight lines. The problem is that most instruments are square and music is always round."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman-98">[98]</a> As he later put it, "A lot of things are instruments and they don't even know it."<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> It's like fishing. You just go out there and wait sometimes. That's what <a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> said. He said, "You've gotta have a very comfortable chair, and you have to be very quiet, if you want to catch the big ones." </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Waits on the songwriting process<a href="#cite_note-Conversations-333">[333]</a></cite></div> </div> Humphries described "Waitsworld" as a place of "the ricocheted romantics bent out of shape by a broad who should have known better; the twisted psychotics; the loners; the losers."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007ix-334">[334]</a> By Blue Valentine, violent death had become a recurrent lyrical theme in his work; he wrote the song "Sweet Little Bullet" from that album, for instance, about a 15-year-old girl who committed suicide by jumping from a high window along the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Bowl" title="Hollywood Bowl">Hollywood Bowl</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009208-335">[335]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Christmas_Card_from_a_Hooker_in_Minneapolis" title="Christmas Card from a Hooker in Minneapolis">Christmas Card from a Hooker in Minneapolis</a>", from the same album, is an epistolary song from a prostitute to her former lover, Charlie; while good-hearted, she is an <a href="/wiki/Unreliable_narrator" title="Unreliable narrator">unreliable narrator</a>. In his later work, orphanhood became a recurring theme.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009267-336">[336]</a> Many of his songs make reference to fictional locations that he has invented, such as the eponymous term in his song "Burma Shave".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009188-337">[337]</a> Hoskyns also noted that many Waits songs, such as "Burma Shave" and "Georgia Lee", reflect an "abiding concern for runaways and kids in danger."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009426-338">[338]</a> Andy Gill expressed the view that throughout Waits's oeuvre, "the theme of lowlife redemption, of escape, is ever-present."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007247-339">[339]</a> Waits credits his wife with inspiration: "She's an opera buff and bug collector. And she's done a lot of things. And she has dreams like <a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_Bosch" title="Hieronymus Bosch">Hieronymus Bosch</a>. She writes more from her dreams, I wrote more from the world, or from the newspaper...And somehow it all works together." He credits her with helping him unify his eclectic musical interests: "it's really my wife that started helping me see that you can find the place where <a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Lead Belly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schoenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Schoenberg">Schoenberg</a> overlap."<a href="#cite_note-Conversations-333">[333]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomwaits.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tomwaits.jpg/220px-Tomwaits.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tomwaits.jpg/330px-Tomwaits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Tomwaits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Waits performing in 2008</figcaption></figure> During the 1970s, Waits had a brief relationship with comedian <a href="/wiki/Elayne_Boosler" title="Elayne Boosler">Elayne Boosler</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009173-340">[340]</a> an intermittent relationship with <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009159-62">[62]</a> and a relationship with <a href="/wiki/Rickie_Lee_Jones" title="Rickie Lee Jones">Rickie Lee Jones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200769Hoskyns2009192–197-88">[88]</a> In 1980, Waits married frequent collaborator <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Brennan" title="Kathleen Brennan">Kathleen Brennan</a>. They live in <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma County, California</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007134–135Hoskyns2009255-126">[126]</a> and have three children: Kellesimone Wylder Waits (born 1983),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007150Hoskyns2009297-163">[163]</a> Casey Waits (born 1985),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007154Hoskyns2009318-177">[177]</a> and Sullivan Blake Waits (born 1993).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007154-341">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> After he married and had children, Waits became increasingly reclusive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007xii-343">[343]</a> Safeguarding the privacy of his family life became very important to him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009453-344">[344]</a> During interviews, he has deflected questions about his personal life, and refused to sanction any biography.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007xi,_xiii-345">[345]</a> When Barney Hoskyns was researching his unauthorized 2009 biography, Lowside of the Road: A Life of Tom Waits, Waits and his wife asked people not to talk to him. Hoskyns believed that it was Brennan who was responsible for the "wall of inaccessibility" surrounding Waits.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009xvi,_xxiii-346">[346]</a> When asked about his religious beliefs, he noted: "With the God stuff I don't know. I don't know what's out there any more than anyone else."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009465-347">[347]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stage_persona">Stage persona</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Stage persona">edit</a>]</div> Waits has been determined to keep a distance between his public persona and his personal life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007296-348">[348]</a> According to Hoskyns, Waits hides behind his persona, noting that "Tom Waits is as much of a character created for his fans as it is a real man."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009xvii-349">[349]</a> In Hoskyns's view, Waits's self-image is in part "a self-protective device, a screen to deflect attention."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009176-350">[350]</a> A few music journalists have gone so far as to suggest that Waits is a "poseur".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007xii,_87Hoskyns2009147-351">[351]</a> Hoskyns regarded Waits's "persona of the skid-row boho/hobo, a young man out of time and place" as an "ongoing experiment in performance art."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009xx-352">[352]</a> He added that Waits has adopted a "self-appointed role as the bard of the streets."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009156-353">[353]</a> Mick Brown, a music journalist from Sounds who interviewed Waits in the mid-1970s, noted that "he had immersed himself in this character to the point where it wasn't an act and had become an identity."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009151-354">[354]</a> Louie Lista, a friend of Waits's during the 1970s, stated that the singer's general attitude was that of "I'm an outsider, but I'll revel in being an outsider."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009127-355">[355]</a> In a similar manner to contemporaries like Bob Dylan and Neil Young, Waits is known for cutting contact with figures he worked with in his past.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009451-356">[356]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "There ain't no Devil, there's just God when he's drunk." "I don't have a drinking problem, 'cept when I can't get a drink." "Everybody I like is either dead or not feeling very well." "I'm so broke I can't even pay attention." "You have to keep busy, after all, no dog ever pissed on a moving car." "I don't care who I have to step on on my way down." </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Waits quotations which Humphries called "Waitsisms"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007217-357">[357]</a></cite></div> </div> Another friend from that period, Troubadour-manager Robert Marchese, related that Waits cultivated "the whole mystique of this really funky dude and all that <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bukowski" title="Charles Bukowski">Charles Bukowski</a> crap" to give "his impression of how funky poor folk really are," whereas in reality Waits was "basically a middle-class, San Diego mom-and-pop-schoolteacher kid."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009127-355">[355]</a> Humphries thought that there was a "conservative element" to Waits's persona, stating that behind his public image, "Waits has always been more of a white-picket-fence kind of guy than you might imagine."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007134-358">[358]</a> Jarmusch described Waits as "a very contradictory character," stating that he is "potentially violent if he thinks someone is screwing with him, but he's gentle and kind too."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007185Hoskyns2009xxii-359">[359]</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hardesty" title="Herbert Hardesty">Herbert Hardesty</a>, who worked with Waits on Blue Valentine, called him "a very pleasant human being, a very nice person."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009207-360">[360]</a> Humphries referred to him as "an essentially reticent man ... reflective and surprisingly shy."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007xiii-361">[361]</a> He has a sense of humor and enjoys jokes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200792-362">[362]</a> Hoskyns described Waits as "unequivocally—some would say almost gruffly—heterosexual."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009141-363">[363]</a> Hoskyns suggested that Waits has had an "on-off affair with alcohol, never quite able to shake it off."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009346–347-364">[364]</a> During the 1970s, he was known as a heavy drinker and a smoker but avoided any drugs harder than cocaine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009138-365">[365]</a> He told one interviewer, "I discovered alcohol at an early age, and that guided me a lot."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200725-366">[366]</a> Humphries suggested that Waits's use of alcohol as opposed to illicit drugs marked him out as being different from many of his contemporaries on the 1970s U.S. music scene.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200775–76-367">[367]</a> During interviews, Waits has avoided questions about his personal life, gone off on tangents, and thrown in trivia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007295-368">[368]</a> Humphries noted that Waits has often supplied interviewers with "droll one-liners", something he termed "Waitsisms", observing that the singer was "dripping with wit and vinegar."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007217-357">[357]</a> Waits is known for getting irate with journalists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009455-369">[369]</a> He dislikes touring,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007298Hoskyns2009155-370">[370]</a> but Hoskyns added that Waits has "a strong work ethic".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009160-371">[371]</a> Per his website's description of Glitter and Doom Live, "Disc One is designed to sound like one evening's performance, even though the 17 tracks are selected from 10 cities, from Paris to Birmingham; Tulsa to Milan; and Atlanta to Dublin... Disc Two is a bonus compendium called TOM TALES, which is a selection of the comic bromides, strange musings, and unusual facts that Tom traditionally shares with his audience during the piano set. Waits' topics range from the rituals of insects to the last dying breath of Henry Ford." It adds "he shifts seamlessly from an array of characters: carnival barker, preacher, country singer, soul balladeer; cabaret singer and storyteller."<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a> In concert, Waits tended to wear all black. Humphries noted that "on stage, Waits is a consummate performer, a raconteur of the recherché, and a genuine wit."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200760,_76-373">[373]</a> Waits has stated that a performance should be "a spectacle and entertaining".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009103-53">[53]</a> It was on his 1977 tour for Foreign Affairs that he started employing props as part of his routine;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009198-89">[89]</a> one recurring prop was a megaphone through which he would shout at the audience.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007299-281">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collaborations">Collaborations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Collaborations">edit</a>]</div> Over the years, Waits has collaborated with various artists he admires. He toured with the saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Edwards" title="Teddy Edwards">Teddy Edwards</a> and played on his album <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Lad" title="Mississippi Lad">Mississippi Lad</a> (1991). <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> performed <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Girl_(song)" title="Jersey Girl (song)">"Jersey Girl"</a> with Waits on August 24, 1981, and included it on his retrospective "<a href="/wiki/Live/1975%E2%80%9385" class="mw-redirect" title="Live/1975–85">Live/1975–85</a>".<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a> In 1987, he joined Springsteen, <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Costello" title="Elvis Costello">Elvis Costello</a>, <a href="/wiki/K._d._lang" class="mw-redirect" title="K. d. lang">k. d. lang</a> and others in a tribute to <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a> at Los Angeles's Ambassador Hotel, filmed as <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison_and_Friends:_A_Black_and_White_Night" title="Roy Orbison and Friends: A Black and White Night">Roy Orbison and Friends: A Black and White Night</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007180–181Hoskyns2009350-375">[375]</a> Waits and Brennan wrote "Strange Weather" for <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Faithfull" title="Marianne Faithfull">Marianne Faithfull</a>, which she sang on her album <a href="/wiki/Strange_Weather_(Marianne_Faithfull_album)" title="Strange Weather (Marianne Faithfull album)">Strange Weather</a> in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Richards" title="Keith Richards">Keith Richards</a> played on <a href="/wiki/Rain_Dogs" title="Rain Dogs">Rain Dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bone_Machine" title="Bone Machine">Bone Machine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bad_as_Me" title="Bad as Me">Bad as Me</a>, and Waits and Richards recorded <a href="/wiki/Oh_Shenandoah" title="Oh Shenandoah">"Shenandoah"</a> for <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Rogues_Gallery:_Pirate_Ballads,_Sea_Songs_%26_Chanteys" title="Son of Rogues Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs & Chanteys">Son of Rogues Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs & Chanteys</a> (2013). Richards said of Waits: “Tom’s music is so American. Probably more folk-American than anything, but somehow modern. He’s a weird mixture of stuff; a great bunch of guys!"<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a> Waits wrote a poem, "Burnt Toast to Keith", for Richards's 80th birthday.<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a> Waits covered <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weill" title="Kurt Weill">Kurt Weill</a>’s "<a href="/wiki/What_Keeps_Mankind_Alive%3F" title="What Keeps Mankind Alive?">What Keeps Mankind Alive?</a>" from <a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hal_Willner" title="Hal Willner">Hal Willner</a>'s Weill tribute album <a href="/wiki/Lost_in_the_Stars:_The_Music_of_Kurt_Weill" title="Lost in the Stars: The Music of Kurt Weill">Lost in the Stars</a> (1985) and "<a href="/wiki/Heigh_Ho" class="mw-redirect" title="Heigh Ho">Heigh Ho</a>" for his <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a>-themed <a href="/wiki/Stay_Awake:_Various_Interpretations_of_Music_from_Vintage_Disney_Films" title="Stay Awake: Various Interpretations of Music from Vintage Disney Films">Stay Awake</a> (1988).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007177–178Hoskyns2009361-379">[379]</a> In 1991, he lent his voice to "<a href="/wiki/Tommy_the_Cat" title="Tommy the Cat">Tommy the Cat</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Primus_(band)" title="Primus (band)">Primus</a>, and they appeared on Bone Machine and <a href="/wiki/Mule_Variations" title="Mule Variations">Mule Variations</a>. Waits and Primus performed <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Jack Kerouac</a>'s song "On the Road" on <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac_Reads_On_the_Road" title="Jack Kerouac Reads On the Road">Jack Kerouac Reads On the Road</a> (1999).<a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a> The English composer <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Bryars" title="Gavin Bryars">Gavin Bryars</a> visited Waits in 1993, and he added vocals to a re-release of Bryars's <a href="/wiki/Jesus%27_Blood_Never_Failed_Me_Yet" title="Jesus' Blood Never Failed Me Yet">Jesus' Blood Never Failed Me Yet</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007215–216Hoskyns2009413-381">[381]</a> which was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Music_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury Music Award">Mercury Music Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007216-382">[382]</a> He sang with <a href="/wiki/Ramblin%27_Jack_Elliott" title="Ramblin' Jack Elliott">Ramblin' Jack Elliott</a> on "Louise (Tell It To Me)" on his album <a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Mine_(Ramblin%27_Jack_Elliott_album)" title="Friends of Mine (Ramblin' Jack Elliott album)">Friends of Mine</a> (1998). That year, Waits produced and funded <a href="/wiki/Chuck_E._Weiss" title="Chuck E. Weiss">Chuck E. Weiss</a>'s album <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremely_Cool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extremely Cool (page does not exist)">Extremely Cool</a> as a favor to his old friend.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009416-383">[383]</a> He produced <a href="/wiki/John_P._Hammond" title="John P. Hammond">John P. Hammond</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Wicked_Grin" title="Wicked Grin">Wicked Grin</a> (2001) which consisted largely of covers of Waits songs, some written for the project.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007269–271Hoskyns2009435–438-384">[384]</a> He covered "Return of Jackie & Judy" for <a href="/wiki/We%27re_a_Happy_Family:_A_Tribute_to_Ramones" title="We're a Happy Family: A Tribute to Ramones">We're a Happy Family: A Tribute to Ramones</a> (2003).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007226-385">[385]</a> He appeared on <a href="/wiki/Los_Lobos" title="Los Lobos">Los Lobos</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Ride_(Los_Lobos_album)" title="The Ride (Los Lobos album)">The Ride</a> (2004), <a href="/wiki/Eels_(band)" title="Eels (band)">Eels</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Blinking_Lights_and_Other_Revelations" title="Blinking Lights and Other Revelations">Blinking Lights and Other Revelations</a> (2005)<a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sparklehorse" title="Sparklehorse">Sparklehorse</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dreamt_for_Light_Years_in_the_Belly_of_a_Mountain" title="Dreamt for Light Years in the Belly of a Mountain">Dreamt for Light Years in the Belly of a Mountain</a> (2006).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009480,_486-387">[387]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ken_Nordine" title="Ken Nordine">Ken Nordine</a>, whose "word jazz" influenced Waits, performed "Circus" for a video with animation by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Coleman_(painter)" title="Joe Coleman (painter)">Joe Coleman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a> Waits was one of many guests on <a href="/wiki/Dan_Hicks_(singer)" title="Dan Hicks (singer)">Dan Hicks</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatin%27_the_Heat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatin' the Heat (page does not exist)">Beatin' the Heat</a> (2000). Hicks recalled: "I made a list of people I thought were in a mutual admiration society. Most of the people, I found their phone numbers and called them. Tom Waits said he didn't want to miss out on something like this. That was a pretty good compliment."<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_and_legacy">Reception and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Reception and legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom_Waits_(1974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Tom_Waits_%281974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette%29.jpg/220px-Tom_Waits_%281974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Tom_Waits_%281974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette%29.jpg/330px-Tom_Waits_%281974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Tom_Waits_%281974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette%29.jpg/440px-Tom_Waits_%281974%E2%80%9375_Asylum_publicity_photo_-_with_cigarette%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption>Waits, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1974–75</figcaption></figure> Bowman writes that "At the dawn of the second decade of the 21st century, Waits’s influence can be seen in the work of many of the most forward-thinking contemporary artists, including <a href="/wiki/Beck" title="Beck">Beck</a>, <a href="/wiki/PJ_Harvey" title="PJ Harvey">PJ Harvey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Thom_Yorke" title="Thom Yorke">Thom Yorke</a>.”<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman-98">[98]</a> Other musicians who have expressed admiration for Waits's work include <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Costello" title="Elvis Costello">Elvis Costello</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007178-390">[390]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007178-390">[390]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nanci_Griffith" title="Nanci Griffith">Nanci Griffith</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007178-390">[390]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Strummer" title="Joe Strummer">Joe Strummer</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">the Clash</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200788-391">[391]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stipe" title="Michael Stipe">Michael Stipe</a> of <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007178-390">[390]</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Black" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Black">Frank Black</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pixies_(band)" title="Pixies (band)">Pixies</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007224-392">[392]</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Hetfield" title="James Hetfield">James Hetfield</a> of <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200788-391">[391]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, a major influence on the young Waits, called Waits one of his "secret heroes".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009489-393">[393]</a> Humphries described him as "one of America's finest post-Dylan singer-songwriters" and, along with <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopper" title="Edward Hopper">Edward Hopper</a>, "one of the two great depicters of American isolation."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007142-394">[394]</a> Hoskyns called him "as important an American artist as anyone the twentieth century has produced."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009xxv-395">[395]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries20074-396">[396]</a> He notes that by the end of the twentieth century, "Waits was an iconic alternative figure, not just to the fans who'd grown up with him but to subsequent generations of music geeks",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009434-397">[397]</a> coming to be "universally acknowledged as an elder statesman of 'alternative' rock.'"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009470-398">[398]</a> Karen Schoemer of <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> said that "to the postboomer generation, he's more Dylan than Dylan. [His] melting-pot approach to <a href="/wiki/Americana_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Americana (music)">Americana</a>, his brilliant narratives and his hardiness against commercial trends have made him the ultimate icon for the alternative-minded."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009434-397">[397]</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Vai" title="Steve Vai">Steve Vai</a> said: "Tom Waits is my favorite artist now. I completely resonate deeply with his music, his voice and his lyrics; I buy everything he ever does. He's one of those guys who are totally at one with the creative element with no excuses or concerns about what's going on around him – totally uncompromising."<a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a> When asked which song she wished she had written, <a href="/wiki/Florence_Welch" title="Florence Welch">Florence Welch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Florence_and_the_Machine" title="Florence and the Machine">Florence and the Machine</a> said: “‘Green Grass’ by Tom Waits.... Really, anything by Tom Waits. I wish I was Tom Waits. His songs are so visceral and bloody. I just love his use of imagery."<a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bones_Howe" title="Bones Howe">Bones Howe</a> says: "I do a lot of seminars. Occasionally I'll do something for songwriters. They all say the same thing to me. 'All the great lyrics are done.' And I say, 'I'm going to give you a lyric that you never heard before'", the following from "<a href="/wiki/Tom_Traubert%27s_Blues" title="Tom Traubert's Blues">Tom Traubert's Blues</a>": "A battered old suitcase to a hotel someplace / And a wound that will never heal." Howe calls this "the work of an extremely talented lyricist, poet, whatever you want to say. That is brilliant, brilliant work. And he never mentions the person, but you see the person."<a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a> He was included on <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Stone (magazine)">Rolling Stone</a>'s lists of 100 Greatest Singers<a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_100_Greatest_Songwriters_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time">100 Greatest Songwriters</a>. In 2006, Waits and Brennan were ranked fourth on <a href="/wiki/Paste_(magazine)" title="Paste (magazine)">Paste</a>'s list of the hundred greatest living songwriters.<a href="#cite_note-403">[403]</a> In 2016, Waits and Brennan, along with <a href="/wiki/John_Prine" title="John Prine">John Prine</a>, were honored with <a href="/wiki/List_of_PEN_literary_awards#PEN_New_England_(today_PEN_America_Boston)" title="List of PEN literary awards">The Song Lyrics of Literary Excellence Award</a> from <a href="/wiki/List_of_PEN_literary_awards#PEN_New_England_(today_PEN_America_Boston)" title="List of PEN literary awards">PEN New England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a> <a href="/wiki/Colum_McCann" title="Colum McCann">Colum McCann</a> presented the honor to Waits and Brennan, saying “They find out what others have not quite fathomed yet. They catch the ordinary so that it can be sung extraordinarily in the future.”<a href="#cite_note-405">[405]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I've seen him standing in a bunch of dust, and I thought I saw sparkly things coming off of him. I looked at him when he was singing and I said, "Is my vision going? I'm seeing three, maybe four people up there?" And they all seem to be waiting for the other one to finish so that they come in. And then this other one would just whistle at me. And then one would speak in a kind of speaking-in-tongues kind of voice. And then The Eagles covered it. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a>, inducting Waits into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>, 2011<a href="#cite_note-Induction-6">[6]</a></cite></div> </div> Various artists have covered his songs. In 1973, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Buckley" title="Tim Buckley">Tim Buckley</a> covered "Martha", just like <a href="/wiki/Meat_Loaf" title="Meat Loaf">Meat Loaf</a> did in 1995. <a href="/wiki/The_Eagles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Eagles">The Eagles</a> covered "<a href="/wiki/Ol%27_55" class="mw-redirect" title="Ol' 55">Ol' 55</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Dion_DiMucci" title="Dion DiMucci">Dion</a> covered "Heart of Saturday Night" and "San Diego Serenade".<a href="#cite_note-406">[406]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rod_Stewart" title="Rod Stewart">Rod Stewart</a> had success with covers of "<a href="/wiki/Downtown_Train" title="Downtown Train">Downtown Train</a>" and "Tom Traubert's Blues";<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007221-407">[407]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Seger" title="Bob Seger">Bob Seger</a> covered "Blind Love", "New Coat of Paint", and "Downtown Train".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007221Hoskyns2009470-408">[408]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007223-409">[409]</a><a href="#cite_note-410">[410]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Young" title="Paul Young">Paul Young</a> covered "Soldier's Things" on <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_Association" title="The Secret of Association">The Secret of Association</a> (1985) and the <a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a> covered "I Don't Wanna Grow Up" on their final album, <a href="/wiki/%C2%A1Adios_Amigos!" class="mw-redirect" title="¡Adios Amigos!">¡Adios Amigos!</a> (1995).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007226-385">[385]</a> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a> sang "Down There by the Train", which Waits wrote for him, on <a href="/wiki/American_Recordings_(album)" title="American Recordings (album)">American Recordings</a> (1994), calling Waits "a very special writer, my kind of writer."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007227Hoskyns2009411-411">[411]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tori_Amos" title="Tori Amos">Tori Amos</a> covered <a href="/wiki/Time_(Tom_Waits_song)" title="Time (Tom Waits song)">"Time"</a> on <a href="/wiki/Strange_Little_Girls" title="Strange Little Girls">Strange Little Girls</a> (2001); she performed it on the <a href="/wiki/Late_Show_With_David_Letterman" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Show With David Letterman">Late Show With David Letterman</a>, the first musical performance on the show after <a href="/wiki/9/11" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11">9/11</a>.<a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a> <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a> covered "Picture in a Frame" on <a href="/wiki/It_Always_Will_Be" title="It Always Will Be">It Always Will Be</a> (2004). <a href="/wiki/Holly_Cole" title="Holly Cole">Holly Cole</a> released an album of Waits covers, <a href="/wiki/Temptation_(Holly_Cole_album)" title="Temptation (Holly Cole album)">Temptation</a> (1995),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007225Hoskyns2009411-413">[413]</a> as did <a href="/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson" title="Scarlett Johansson">Scarlett Johansson</a> with <a href="/wiki/Anywhere_I_Lay_My_Head" title="Anywhere I Lay My Head">Anywhere I Lay My Head</a> (2008).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009490-414">[414]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neko_Case" title="Neko Case">Neko Case</a> performed "<a href="/wiki/Christmas_Card_from_a_Hooker_in_Minneapolis" title="Christmas Card from a Hooker in Minneapolis">Christmas Card from a Hooker in Minneapolis</a>" on the tribute album <a href="/wiki/New_Coat_of_Paint" title="New Coat of Paint">New Coat of Paint</a> (2000).<a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a> <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a> included a song Waits wrote for her, "Long Way Home", on her album <a href="/wiki/Feels_Like_Home_(Norah_Jones_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Feels Like Home (Norah Jones album)">Feels Like Home</a> (2004).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007223-409">[409]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007306-416">[416]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a> covered his songs on <a href="/wiki/Day_After_Tomorrow_(Joan_Baez_album)" title="Day After Tomorrow (Joan Baez album)">Day After Tomorrow</a> (2008) and <a href="/wiki/Whistle_Down_the_Wind_(album)" title="Whistle Down the Wind (album)">Whistle Down the Wind</a> (2018). <a href="/wiki/Rosanne_Cash" title="Rosanne Cash">Rosanne Cash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mann" title="Aimee Mann">Aimee Mann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_Bridgers" title="Phoebe Bridgers">Phoebe Bridgers</a> and others contributed to <a href="/wiki/Come_On_Up_to_the_House:_Women_Sing_Waits" title="Come On Up to the House: Women Sing Waits">Come On Up to the House: Women Sing Waits</a> (2019).<a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a> Waits has influenced artists in other fields. <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Kazuo Ishiguro</a> recalls how Waits influenced his novel <a href="/wiki/The_Remains_of_the_Day" title="The Remains of the Day">The Remains of the Day</a>:<blockquote> I thought I’d finished Remains, but then one evening heard Tom Waits singing his song "Ruby’s Arms". It’s a ballad about a soldier leaving his lover sleeping in the early hours to go away on a train. Nothing unusual in that. But the song is sung in the voice of a rough American hobo type utterly unaccustomed to wearing his emotions on his sleeve. And there comes a moment, when the singer declares his heart is breaking, that’s almost unbearably moving because of the tension between the sentiment itself and the huge resistance that’s obviously been overcome to utter it. Waits sings the line with cathartic magnificence, and you feel a lifetime of tough-guy stoicism crumbling in the face of overwhelming sadness. I heard this and reversed a decision I’d made, that Stevens would remain emotionally buttoned up right to the bitter end. I decided that at just one point – which I’d have to choose very carefully – his rigid defence would crack, and a hitherto concealed tragic romanticism would be glimpsed.<a href="#cite_note-418">[418]</a></blockquote> Another author who notes Waits's influence is <a href="/wiki/Ian_Rankin" title="Ian Rankin">Ian Rankin</a>:<blockquote>I already knew Tom Waits’s music, those soulful communications from the louche underbelly of the American dream, but nothing had prepared me for <a href="/wiki/Swordfishtrombones" title="Swordfishtrombones">Swordfishtrombones</a>. I first heard it on a friend’s stereo system, the pair of us transfixed by what was happening in front of our ears. It felt to me as if a vaudeville show was taking place in a scrapyard, the music whirling and clanging, Waits presiding over it all like a bruised but keen-eyed master of ceremonies. <a href="/wiki/Rain_Dogs" title="Rain Dogs">Rain Dogs</a> added extra textures and refinements, laying its (marked) cards on the table with its opening track, "Singapore", a novel contained within two and a half minutes of controlled musical mayhem. By the time of its release I had left university and was trying to shape myself into a writer. I admired Waits’s lyrical vision and concision – the man was a born storyteller, stopping travellers who had wandered into the wrong part of town and compelling them with his words.<a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a></blockquote> His songs have been used in film, television and theater. When the actor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carlyle" title="Robert Carlyle">Robert Carlyle</a> formed a theatre, he named it the Rain Dog Theatre after Waits's album.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007224-392">[392]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">Cabaret</a> shows have been set to his songs, among them Robert Berdahl's Warm Beer, Cold Women and Stewart D'Arrietta's Belly of a Drunken Piano.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009470-398">[398]</a> In addition to scoring films for Bell, Coppola and Jarmusch, Waits has written songs for soundtracks: "Never Let Go" for <a href="/wiki/American_Heart_(film)" title="American Heart (film)">American Heart</a>; "Walk Away" and "The Fall of Troy" for <a href="/wiki/Dead_Man_Walking_(film)" title="Dead Man Walking (film)">Dead Man Walking</a> and "Little Drop of Poison" for <a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Violence" title="The End of Violence">The End of Violence</a>, which later appeared in <a href="/wiki/Shrek_2" title="Shrek 2">Shrek 2</a>. "Temptation" and "Cold Cold Ground" appear in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9olo" title="Léolo">Léolo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Innocent_When_You_Dream_(song)" title="Innocent When You Dream (song)">"Innocent When You Dream"</a> in <a href="/wiki/Smoke_(film)" title="Smoke (film)">Smoke</a>; "Goin' Out West" in <a href="/wiki/Fight_Club" title="Fight Club">Fight Club</a>;<a href="#cite_note-420">[420]</a> "All The World is Green" and "Green Grass" in <a href="/wiki/The_Diving_Bell_and_the_Butterfly_(film)" title="The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (film)">The Diving Bell and the Butterfly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009448-421">[421]</a> <a href="/wiki/Enron:_The_Smartest_Guys_in_the_Room" title="Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room">Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room</a> features "What's He Building?", "Straight to the Top (Vegas)", "Temptation" and "God's Away on Business".<a href="#cite_note-422">[422]</a> The titles of the films <a href="/wiki/Romeo_Is_Bleeding" title="Romeo Is Bleeding">Romeo Is Bleeding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blue_Valentine_(film)" title="Blue Valentine (film)">Blue Valentine</a> are derived from Waits songs. "Hold On" and "I Don't Wanna Grow Up" were sung by <a href="/wiki/Beth_Greene" title="Beth Greene">Beth Greene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emily_Kinney" title="Emily Kinney">Emily Kinney</a>) in <a href="/wiki/The_Walking_Dead_(TV_series)" title="The Walking Dead (TV series)">The Walking Dead</a> episodes "<a href="/wiki/I_Ain%27t_a_Judas" title="I Ain't a Judas">I Ain't a Judas</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Infected_(The_Walking_Dead)" title="Infected (The Walking Dead)">Infected</a>", respectively.<a href="#cite_note-423">[423]</a><a href="#cite_note-424">[424]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Wire" title="The Wire">The Wire</a> used "<a href="/wiki/Way_Down_in_the_Hole" title="Way Down in the Hole">Way Down in the Hole</a>" as its opening theme; each season featured a different rendition, including <a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Boys_of_Alabama" title="The Blind Boys of Alabama">the Blind Boys of Alabama</a>, Waits, <a href="/wiki/The_Neville_Brothers" title="The Neville Brothers">the Neville Brothers</a>, DoMaJe and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Earle" title="Steve Earle">Steve Earle</a>. The season four rendition was arranged and recorded for the show and is performed by five Baltimore teenagers: Ivan Ashford, Markel Steele, Cameron Brown, Tariq Al-Sabir and Avery Bargasse.<a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Posner" title="Aaron Posner">Aaron Posner</a> and the magician <a href="/wiki/Teller_(magician)" title="Teller (magician)">Teller</a> directed a production of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a> featuring songs by Waits and Brennan.<a href="#cite_note-426">[426]</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[427]</a><a href="#cite_note-428">[428]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Waits_discography" title="Tom Waits discography">Tom Waits discography</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closing_Time_(album)" title="Closing Time (album)">Closing Time</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_Saturday_Night" title="The Heart of Saturday Night">The Heart of Saturday Night</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nighthawks_at_the_Diner" title="Nighthawks at the Diner">Nighthawks at the Diner</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Change_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Small Change (Tom Waits album)">Small Change</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Foreign Affairs (Tom Waits album)">Foreign Affairs</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Valentine_(album)" title="Blue Valentine (album)">Blue Valentine</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartattack_and_Vine" title="Heartattack and Vine">Heartattack and Vine</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfishtrombones" title="Swordfishtrombones">Swordfishtrombones</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_Dogs" title="Rain Dogs">Rain Dogs</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks_Wild_Years" title="Franks Wild Years">Franks Wild Years</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_Machine" title="Bone Machine">Bone Machine</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Rider_(album)" title="The Black Rider (album)">The Black Rider</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mule_Variations" title="Mule Variations">Mule Variations</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Alice (Tom Waits album)">Alice</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Money_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Blood Money (Tom Waits album)">Blood Money</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Gone_(album)" title="Real Gone (album)">Real Gone</a> (2004)</li> <li>Glitter and Doom live album (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_as_Me" title="Bad as Me">Bad as Me</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tours">Tours</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tours">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Closing Time Tour (1973)</li> <li>The Heart of Saturday Night Tour (1974–1975)</li> <li>Small Change Tour (1975–1976)</li> <li>Foreign Affairs Tour (1977)</li> <li>Blue Valentine Tour (1978–1979)</li> <li>Heartattack and Vine Tour (1980–1982)</li> <li>Rain Dogs Tour (1985)</li> <li>Big Time Tour (1987)</li> <li>Get Behind the Mule Tour (1999)</li> <li>Real Gone Tour (2004)</li> <li>The Orphans Tour (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitter_and_Doom_Tour" title="Glitter and Doom Tour">Glitter and Doom Tour</a> (2008)<a href="#cite_note-429">[429]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Film">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Key </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ffc;">† </td> <td>Denotes films that have not yet been released </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Film </th> <th>Role </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Alley" title="Paradise Alley">Paradise Alley</a> </td> <td>Mumbles </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolfen_(film)" title="Wolfen (film)">Wolfen</a> </td> <td>Drunken Bar Owner </td> <td>Uncredited </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/One_from_the_Heart" title="One from the Heart">One from the Heart</a> </td> <td>Trumpet player </td> <td>Also composer (uncredited as actor) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1983 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Outsiders_(film)" title="The Outsiders (film)">The Outsiders</a> </td> <td>Buck Merrill </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rumble_Fish" title="Rumble Fish">Rumble Fish</a> </td> <td>Benny </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Boy_(film)" title="The Stone Boy (film)">The Stone Boy</a> </td> <td>Petrified man at carnival </td> <td>Uncredited </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Cotton_Club_(film)" title="The Cotton Club (film)">The Cotton Club</a> </td> <td>Irving Stark </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Down_by_Law_(film)" title="Down by Law (film)">Down by Law</a> </td> <td>Zach </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ironweed_(film)" title="Ironweed (film)">Ironweed</a> </td> <td>Rudy </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1988 </td> <td>Greasy Lake </td> <td>Narrator </td> <td>Video </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Candy_Mountain" title="Candy Mountain">Candy Mountain</a> </td> <td>Al Silk </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Big_Time_(1988_film)" title="Big Time (1988 film)">Big Time</a> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Documentary; also co-writer </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1989 </td> <td>Bearskin: An Urban Fairytale </td> <td>Silva </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cold_Feet_(1989_film)" title="Cold Feet (1989 film)">Cold Feet</a> </td> <td>Kenny </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mystery_Train_(film)" title="Mystery Train (film)">Mystery Train</a> </td> <td>Radio D.J. (voice) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Jakes" title="The Two Jakes">The Two Jakes</a> </td> <td>Plainclothes Policeman </td> <td>Uncredited </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1991 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/At_Play_in_the_Fields_of_the_Lord" title="At Play in the Fields of the Lord">At Play in the Fields of the Lord</a> </td> <td>Wolf </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Fisher_King" title="The Fisher King">The Fisher King</a> </td> <td>Disabled Veteran </td> <td>Uncredited </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Queens_Logic" title="Queens Logic">Queens Logic</a> </td> <td>Monte </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Night_on_Earth" title="Night on Earth">Night on Earth</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Composer </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker%27s_Dracula_(1992_film)" title="Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992 film)">Bram Stoker's Dracula</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/R._M._Renfield" class="mw-redirect" title="R. M. Renfield">R. M. Renfield</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Short_Cuts" title="Short Cuts">Short Cuts</a> </td> <td>Earl Piggot </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mystery_Men" title="Mystery Men">Mystery Men</a> </td> <td>Doc Heller </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Castle" title="The Last Castle">The Last Castle</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Composer with <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Goldsmith" title="Jerry Goldsmith">Jerry Goldsmith</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coffee_and_Cigarettes" title="Coffee and Cigarettes">Coffee and Cigarettes</a> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td>Segment: "<a href="/wiki/Coffee_and_Cigarettes:_Somewhere_in_California" title="Coffee and Cigarettes: Somewhere in California">Somewhere in California</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2005 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Domino_(2005_film)" title="Domino (2005 film)">Domino</a> </td> <td>Wanderer </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Tiger_and_the_Snow" title="The Tiger and the Snow">The Tiger and the Snow</a> </td> <td>Himself </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wristcutters:_A_Love_Story" title="Wristcutters: A Love Story">Wristcutters: A Love Story</a> </td> <td>Kneller </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Imaginarium_of_Doctor_Parnassus" title="The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus">The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus</a> </td> <td>Mr. Nick </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Eli" title="The Book of Eli">The Book of Eli</a> </td> <td>Engineer </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2011 </td> <td>The Monster of Nix </td> <td>Virgil </td> <td>Short film </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twixt_(film)" title="Twixt (film)">Twixt</a> </td> <td>Narrator </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seven_Psychopaths" title="Seven Psychopaths">Seven Psychopaths</a> </td> <td>Zachariah </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Buster_Scruggs" title="The Ballad of Buster Scruggs">The Ballad of Buster Scruggs</a> </td> <td>Prospector </td> <td>Segment: "All Gold Canyon" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_%26_the_Gun" title="The Old Man & the Gun">The Old Man & the Gun</a> </td> <td>Waller </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Dead_Don%27t_Die_(2019_film)" title="The Dead Don't Die (2019 film)">The Dead Don't Die</a> </td> <td>Hermit Bob </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Licorice_Pizza" title="Licorice Pizza">Licorice Pizza</a> </td> <td>Rex Blau </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Absence_of_Eden" title="The Absence of Eden">The Absence of Eden</a> </td> <td>Hunley </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2025 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/Wildwood_(film)" title="Wildwood (film)">Wildwood</a> † </td> <td>Sterling Fox (voice) </td> <td>In production </td></tr> <tr> <td>TBA </td> <td style="background:#FFFFCC;"><a href="/wiki/Father,_Mother,_Sister,_Brother" title="Father, Mother, Sister, Brother">Father, Mother, Sister, Brother</a> † </td> <td> </td> <td>Post-production </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Television">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Key </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ffc;">† </td> <td>Denotes films that have not yet been released </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Film </th> <th>Role </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a> </td> <td>Lloyd (voice) </td> <td>Episode: "<a href="/wiki/Homer_Goes_to_Prep_School" title="Homer Goes to Prep School">Homer Goes to Prep School</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ultra_City_Smiths" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra City Smiths">Ultra City Smiths</a> </td> <td>The Narrator (voice) </td> <td>6 episodes </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bowman-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowman_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowman_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowman_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowman_1-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBowman" class="citation web cs1">Bowman, Rob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockhall.com/sites/default/files/2019-11/Tom%20Waits_2011.pdf">"Tom Waits"</a> (PDF). rockhall.com. 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<a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 98, 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009101-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009101_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 101. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200995-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200995_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009103-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009103_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009103_53-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 103. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200772–73Hoskyns2009105-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries200772–73Hoskyns2009105_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, pp. 72–73; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 105. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soundonsound.com/people/bones-howe-tom-waits">"'Bones' Howe & Tom Waits"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Bones%27+Howe+%26+Tom+Waits&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundonsound.com%2Fpeople%2Fbones-howe-tom-waits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009107,_113-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009107,_113_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 107, 113. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200997-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns200997_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 97. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009121-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009121_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 121. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200774-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries200774_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009117,_119-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009117,_119_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 117, 119. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009122–123-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009122–123_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 122–123. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009159-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009159_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009159_62-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 159. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoskyns2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barney_Hoskyns" title="Barney Hoskyns">Hoskyns, Barney</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_DOvgMH-KgC&pg=PA132">Lowside of the Road: A Life of Tom Waits</a>. <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. p. 132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780571261246" title="Special:BookSources/9780571261246"><bdi>9780571261246</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lowside+of+the+Road%3A+A+Life+of+Tom+Waits&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780571261246&rft.aulast=Hoskyns&rft.aufirst=Barney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ_DOvgMH-KgC%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009130–131-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009130–131_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 130–131. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200775Hoskyns2009139-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries200775Hoskyns2009139_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 75; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 139. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009140–141-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009140–141_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 140–141. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009145-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009145_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 145. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200782Hoskyns2009147–150-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries200782Hoskyns2009147–150_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 82; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 147–150. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009144-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009144_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 144. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200785,_88Hoskyns2009150–156-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries200785,_88Hoskyns2009150–156_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, pp. 85, 88; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 150–156. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200768Hoskyns2009157-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries200768Hoskyns2009157_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 68; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 157. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009161-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009161_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 161. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200791Hoskyns2009164-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries200791Hoskyns2009164_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 91; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009164-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009164_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200797–98-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries200797–98_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, pp. 97–98. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009170-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009170_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 170. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200799-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries200799_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 99. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200798Hoskyns2009170-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries200798Hoskyns2009170_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 98; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 170. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009172–173-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009172–173_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 172–173. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009179-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009179_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009179_80-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 179. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007101Hoskyns2009177–178-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007101Hoskyns2009177–178_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 101; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 177–178. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007101Hoskyns2009178-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007101Hoskyns2009178_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 101; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 178. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009183-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009183_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 183. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009181-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009181_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 181. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007103Hoskyns2009185–186-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007103Hoskyns2009185–186_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 103; 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<a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 200–201. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009204-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009204_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009204_93-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009205-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009205_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 205. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009206-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009206_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 206. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007107-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007107_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 107. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007106Hoskyns2009214-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007106Hoskyns2009214_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 106; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 214. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowman_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowman_98-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowman_98-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowman_98-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowman_98-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowman_98-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFBowman">Bowman</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007106-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007106_99-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 106. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009215-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009215_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 215. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009216-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009216_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009216_101-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 216. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009222–223-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009222–223_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 222–223. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009226–228-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009226–228_103-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 226–228. </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders_104-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBret_Saunders1999" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Bret Saunders (October 13, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfCGvgswQpE">Tom Waits Interview & Performance - KBCO</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tom+Waits+Interview+%26+Performance+-+KBCO&rft.date=1999-10-13&rft.au=Bret+Saunders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DrfCGvgswQpE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries200782–83Hoskyns2009220–221-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries200782–83Hoskyns2009220–221_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, pp. 82–83; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 220–221. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009228–229-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009228–229_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 228–229. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009231-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009231_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 231. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007110Hoskyns2009232-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007110Hoskyns2009232_108-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 110; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 232. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007112Hoskyns2009235–236-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007112Hoskyns2009235–236_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 112; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 235–236. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009236-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009236_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 236. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009237-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009237_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 237. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007124–125Hoskyns2009238-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007124–125Hoskyns2009238_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, pp. 124–125; <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 238. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009239-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009239_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 239. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009239,_241-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009239,_241_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 239, 241. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009244-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009244_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 244. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009247-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009247_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 247. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009248–249-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009248–249_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 248–249. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009251,_254-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009251,_254_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 251, 254. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007135-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007135_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 135. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009254-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009254_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009254_120-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 254. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007136-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007136_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007136_121-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 136. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007136–138-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007136–138_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, pp. 136–138. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007131Hoskyns2009244–245-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007131Hoskyns2009244–245_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, p. 131; 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Aurum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84513-827-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84513-827-1"><bdi>978-1-84513-827-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tom+Waits+on+Tom+Waits%3A+Interviews+and+Encounters&rft.pub=Aurum&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.isbn=978-1-84513-827-1&rft.aulast=Maher&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfzDBAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522kathleen%2Bbrennan%2522%2Bsongwriting%26pg%3DPT212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009245–247-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009245–247_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, pp. 245–247. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007134–135Hoskyns2009255-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007134–135Hoskyns2009255_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphries2007134–135Hoskyns2009255_126-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHumphries2007">Humphries 2007</a>, pp. 134–135; 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Variety.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Album+Review%3A+%27Come+On+Up+to+the+House%3A+Women+Sing+Waits&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Fmusic%2Falbum-reviews%2Fcome-on-up-to-the-house-women-sing-tom-waits-tribute-album-review-1203413149%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-418"><a href="#cite_ref-418">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIshiguro2014" class="citation news cs1">Ishiguro, Kazuo (December 6, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/dec/06/kazuo-ishiguro-the-remains-of-the-day-guardian-book-club">"Kazuo Ishiguro: how I wrote The Remains of the Day in four weeks"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kazuo+Ishiguro%3A+how+I+wrote+The+Remains+of+the+Day+in+four+weeks&rft.date=2014-12-06&rft.aulast=Ishiguro&rft.aufirst=Kazuo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2014%2Fdec%2F06%2Fkazuo-ishiguro-the-remains-of-the-day-guardian-book-club&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-419"><a href="#cite_ref-419">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams" class="citation news cs1">Adams, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/aug/20/tom-waits-frank-trilogy-reissues-swordfishtrombones-rain-dogs-franks-wild-years">"'All these bulletproof songs, one after another': remembering Tom Waits' extraordinary mid-career trilogy"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27All+these+bulletproof+songs%2C+one+after+another%27%3A+remembering+Tom+Waits%27+extraordinary+mid-career+trilogy&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2023%2Faug%2F20%2Ftom-waits-frank-trilogy-reissues-swordfishtrombones-rain-dogs-franks-wild-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-420"><a href="#cite_ref-420">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/every-song-in-fight-club-movie/">"Fight Club Soundtrack Guide: Every Song & When They Play"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Screen_Rant" title="Screen Rant">Screen Rant</a>. March 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Screen+Rant&rft.atitle=Fight+Club+Soundtrack+Guide%3A+Every+Song+%26+When+They+Play&rft.date=2023-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenrant.com%2Fevery-song-in-fight-club-movie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009448-421"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoskyns2009448_421-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoskyns2009">Hoskyns 2009</a>, p. 448. </li> <li id="cite_note-422"><a href="#cite_ref-422">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1016268/soundtrack/">"Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room (2005) - Soundtracks - IMDb"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Enron%3A+The+Smartest+Guys+in+the+Room+%282005%29+-+Soundtracks+-+IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt1016268%2Fsoundtrack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-423"><a href="#cite_ref-423">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlansky2013" class="citation web cs1">Schlansky, Evan (February 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americansongwriter.com/2013/02/walking-dead-producer-loves-bob-dylan-tom-waits/">"Walking Dead Producer Loves Bob Dylan, Tom Waits"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Songwriter" title="American Songwriter">American Songwriter</a>. Retrieved November 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Songwriter&rft.atitle=Walking+Dead+Producer+Loves+Bob+Dylan%2C+Tom+Waits&rft.date=2013-02-25&rft.aulast=Schlansky&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americansongwriter.com%2F2013%2F02%2Fwalking-dead-producer-loves-bob-dylan-tom-waits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-424"><a href="#cite_ref-424">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2013" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Scott (October 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comicbook.com/blog/2013/10/20/the-walking-dead-what-song-does-beth-sing-to-baby-judith/">"The Walking Dead: What Song Does Beth Sing To Baby Judith?"</a>. Comicbook.com. Retrieved November 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comicbook.com&rft.atitle=The+Walking+Dead%3A+What+Song+Does+Beth+Sing+To+Baby+Judith%3F&rft.date=2013-10-20&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomicbook.com%2Fblog%2F2013%2F10%2F20%2Fthe-walking-dead-what-song-does-beth-sing-to-baby-judith%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-425"><a href="#cite_ref-425">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.borderline-productions.com/TheWireHBO/exclusive-16.html">"The Wire on HBO: Play Or Get Played, Exclusive Q&A With David Simon (page 16)"</a>. 2006. Retrieved October 17, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wire+on+HBO%3A+Play+Or+Get+Played%2C+Exclusive+Q%26A+With+David+Simon+%28page+16%29&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.borderline-productions.com%2FTheWireHBO%2Fexclusive-16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-426"><a href="#cite_ref-426">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScherman2015" class="citation web cs1">Scherman, Tim (November 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagoshakes.com/plays_and_events/tempest/Tom_Waits">"Tom Waits: Chicago Shakespeare Theater"</a>. Retrieved January 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tom+Waits%3A+Chicago+Shakespeare+Theater&rft.date=2015-11-08&rft.aulast=Scherman&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagoshakes.com%2Fplays_and_events%2Ftempest%2FTom_Waits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-427"><a href="#cite_ref-427">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHotchman2014" class="citation news cs1">Hotchman, David (September 13, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhochman/2014/09/13/teller-and-tom-waits-conjure-a-must-see-tempest/?sh=2116f3b86113">"Teller and Tom Waits Conjure a Must-See 'Tempest"</a>. Forbes.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Teller+and+Tom+Waits+Conjure+a+Must-See+%27Tempest&rft.date=2014-09-13&rft.aulast=Hotchman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fdavidhochman%2F2014%2F09%2F13%2Fteller-and-tom-waits-conjure-a-must-see-tempest%2F%3Fsh%3D2116f3b86113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-428"><a href="#cite_ref-428">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWren2022" class="citation news cs1">Wren, Celia (November 29, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/theater-dance/2022/11/29/round-house-the-tempest/">"At Round House Theatre, a magical 'Tempest'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=At+Round+House+Theatre%2C+a+magical+%27Tempest%27&rft.date=2022-11-29&rft.aulast=Wren&rft.aufirst=Celia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftheater-dance%2F2022%2F11%2F29%2Fround-house-the-tempest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-429"><a href="#cite_ref-429">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512153907/http://www.anti.com/news/index/489/Tom_Waits_Press_Conference_announcement">"Tom Waits Press Conference announcement"</a>. ANTI.com. May 2, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anti.com/news/index/489/Tom_Waits_Press_Conference_announcement">the original</a> on May 12, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tom+Waits+Press+Conference+announcement&rft.pub=ANTI.com&rft.date=2008-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anti.com%2Fnews%2Findex%2F489%2FTom_Waits_Press_Conference_announcement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoskyns2009" class="citation book cs1">Hoskyns, Barney (2009). Lowside of the Road: A Life of Tom Waits. London: Faber and Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0571235537" title="Special:BookSources/978-0571235537"><bdi>978-0571235537</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lowside+of+the+Road%3A+A+Life+of+Tom+Waits&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0571235537&rft.aulast=Hoskyns&rft.aufirst=Barney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphries2007" class="citation book cs1">Humphries, Patrick (2007). The Many Lives of Tom Waits. London: Omnibus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84449-585-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84449-585-6"><bdi>978-1-84449-585-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Many+Lives+of+Tom+Waits&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84449-585-6&rft.aulast=Humphries&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmay2008" class="citation book cs1">Smay, David (2008). Swordfishtrombones. New York and London: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-2782-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-2782-3"><bdi>978-0-8264-2782-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swordfishtrombones&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-2782-3&rft.aulast=Smay&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2006" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Jay S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wildyearsmusicmy0000jaco">Wild Years The Music and Myth of Tom Waits</a>. ECW Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55022-716-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-55022-716-5"><bdi>1-55022-716-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wild+Years+The+Music+and+Myth+of+Tom+Waits&rft.pub=ECW+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-55022-716-5&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Jay+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwildyearsmusicmy0000jaco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontandon2006" class="citation book cs1">Montandon, Mac, ed. (2006). Innocent When You Dream: Tom Waits – The Collected Interviews. Orion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7528-7394-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7528-7394-6"><bdi>0-7528-7394-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Innocent+When+You+Dream%3A+Tom+Waits+%E2%80%93+The+Collected+Interviews&rft.pub=Orion&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7528-7394-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaher2011" class="citation book cs1">Maher, Paul (August 1, 2011). Tom Waits on Tom Waits: Interviews and Encounters. Chicago Review Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56976-927-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56976-927-0"><bdi>978-1-56976-927-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tom+Waits+on+Tom+Waits%3A+Interviews+and+Encounters&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=2011-08-01&rft.isbn=978-1-56976-927-0&rft.aulast=Maher&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahurin2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Mahurin" title="Matt Mahurin">Mahurin, Matt</a> (October 29, 2019). Tom Waits. Abrams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68335-658-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68335-658-5"><bdi>978-1-68335-658-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tom+Waits&rft.pub=Abrams&rft.date=2019-10-29&rft.isbn=978-1-68335-658-5&rft.aulast=Mahurin&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey2022" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, Alex (August 8, 2022). Song Noir: Tom Waits and the Spirit of Los Angeles. Reaktion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78914-664-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78914-664-6"><bdi>978-1-78914-664-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Song+Noir%3A+Tom+Waits+and+the+Spirit+of+Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2022-08-08&rft.isbn=978-1-78914-664-6&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Tom Waits at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tom_Waits" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Tom Waits">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Tom_Waits" class="extiw" title="q:Tom Waits">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184805" class="extiw" title="d:Q184805">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomwaits.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184805#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/82294">Tom Waits</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184805#P1953" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001823/">Tom Waits</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/tom-waits">"Tom Waits"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tom+Waits&rft.pub=Rock+and+Roll+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockhall.com%2Finductees%2Ftom-waits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATom+Waits" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184805#P3162" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomwaitslibrary.info">Tom Waits Library</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tom_Waits" title="Template:Tom Waits"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tom_Waits" title="Template talk:Tom Waits"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tom_Waits" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tom Waits"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tom_Waits102" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tom Waits</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closing_Time_(album)" title="Closing Time (album)">Closing Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_Saturday_Night" title="The Heart of Saturday Night">The Heart of Saturday Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nighthawks_at_the_Diner" title="Nighthawks at the Diner">Nighthawks at the Diner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Change_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Small Change (Tom Waits album)">Small Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Foreign Affairs (Tom Waits album)">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Valentine_(album)" title="Blue Valentine (album)">Blue Valentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartattack_and_Vine" title="Heartattack and Vine">Heartattack and Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfishtrombones" title="Swordfishtrombones">Swordfishtrombones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_Dogs" title="Rain Dogs">Rain Dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks_Wild_Years" title="Franks Wild Years">Franks Wild Years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_Machine" title="Bone Machine">Bone Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mule_Variations" title="Mule Variations">Mule Variations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Money_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Blood Money (Tom Waits album)">Blood Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Alice (Tom Waits album)">Alice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Gone_(album)" title="Real Gone (album)">Real Gone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_as_Me" title="Bad as Me">Bad as Me</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Time_(Tom_Waits_album)" title="Big Time (Tom Waits album)">Big Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeo_Bleeding:_Live_from_Austin" title="Romeo Bleeding: Live from Austin">Romeo Bleeding: Live from Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitter_and_Doom_Live" title="Glitter and Doom Live">Glitter and Doom Live</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_from_the_Heart_(album)" title="One from the Heart (album)">One from the Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_on_Earth_(soundtrack)" title="Night on Earth (soundtrack)">Night on Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Rider_(album)" title="The Black Rider (album)">The Black Rider</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bounced_Checks" class="mw-redirect" title="Bounced Checks">Bounced Checks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_of_Tom_Waits" title="Anthology of Tom Waits">Anthology of Tom Waits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_Years" class="mw-redirect" title="Asylum Years">Asylum Years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Early_Years_(album_series)" title="The Early Years (album series)">The Early Years, Volume One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Early_Years_(album_series)" title="The Early Years (album series)">The Early Years, Volume Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Maladies" title="Beautiful Maladies">Beautiful Maladies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Used_Songs_1973%E2%80%931980" title="Used Songs 1973–1980">Used Songs 1973–1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphans:_Brawlers,_Bawlers_%26_Bastards" title="Orphans: Brawlers, Bawlers & Bastards">Orphans: Brawlers, Bawlers & Bastards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ol%27_%2755" title="Ol' '55">Ol' '55</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(Looking_for)_The_Heart_of_Saturday_Night" title="(Looking for) The Heart of Saturday Night">(Looking for) The Heart of Saturday Night</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tom_Traubert%27s_Blues" title="Tom Traubert's Blues">Tom Traubert's Blues</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Piano_Has_Been_Drinking_(Not_Me)_(An_Evening_with_Pete_King)" title="The Piano Has Been Drinking (Not Me) (An Evening with Pete King)">The Piano Has Been Drinking (Not Me) (An Evening with Pete King)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Step_Right_Up_(Tom_Waits_song)" title="Step Right Up (Tom Waits song)">Step Right Up</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somewhere_(song)" title="Somewhere (song)">Somewhere</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Christmas_Card_from_a_Hooker_in_Minneapolis" title="Christmas Card from a Hooker in Minneapolis">Christmas Card from a Hooker in Minneapolis</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Romeo_Is_Bleeding_(song)" title="Romeo Is Bleeding (song)">Romeo Is Bleeding</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Avenue" title="Kentucky Avenue">Kentucky Avenue</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Heartattack_and_Vine_(song)" title="Heartattack and Vine (song)">Heartattack and Vine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jersey_Girl_(song)" title="Jersey Girl (song)">Jersey Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Neighborhood" title="In the Neighborhood">In the Neighborhood</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/16_Shells_From_a_Thirty-Ought-Six" title="16 Shells From a Thirty-Ought-Six">16 Shells From a Thirty-Ought-Six</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jockey_Full_of_Bourbon" title="Jockey Full of Bourbon">Jockey Full of Bourbon</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hang_Down_Your_Head" title="Hang Down Your Head">Hang Down Your Head</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Time_(Tom_Waits_song)" title="Time (Tom Waits song)">Time</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Downtown_Train" title="Downtown Train">Downtown Train</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hang_On_St._Christopher" title="Hang On St. Christopher">Hang On St. Christopher</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Innocent_When_You_Dream_(song)" title="Innocent When You Dream (song)">Innocent When You Dream</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Way_Down_in_the_Hole" title="Way Down in the Hole">Way Down in the Hole</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Alice_(Tom_Waits_song)" title="Alice (Tom Waits song)">Alice</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bad_as_Me_(song)" title="Bad as Me (song)">Bad as Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Back_in_the_Crowd" title="Back in the Crowd">Back in the Crowd</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glitter_and_Doom_Tour" title="Glitter and Doom Tour">Glitter and Doom Tour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Rider" title="The Black Rider">The Black Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woyzeck_(musical)" title="Woyzeck (musical)">Woyzeck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Waits_discography" title="Tom Waits discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Brennan" title="Kathleen Brennan">Kathleen Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Cohen" title="Greg Cohen">Greg Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bones_Howe" title="Bones Howe">Bones Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jarmusch" title="Jim Jarmusch">Jim Jarmusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickie_Lee_Jones" title="Rickie Lee Jones">Rickie Lee Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Ribot" title="Marc Ribot">Marc Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Taylor" title="Larry Taylor">Larry Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_E._Weiss" title="Chuck E. Weiss">Chuck E. Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Time_(1988_film)" title="Big Time (1988 film)">Big Time</a> (film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicked_Grin" title="Wicked Grin">Wicked Grin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Come_On_Up_to_the_House:_Women_Sing_Waits" title="Come On Up to the House: Women Sing Waits">Come On Up to the House: Women Sing Waits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Coat_of_Paint" title="New Coat of Paint">New Coat of Paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Step_Right_Up:_The_Songs_of_Tom_Waits" title="Step Right Up: The Songs of Tom Waits">Step Right Up: The Songs of Tom Waits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Waits_for_No_One" title="Tom Waits for No One">Tom Waits for No One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Tom_Waits87" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Tom_Waits87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Tom Waits</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Alternative_Music_Album69" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Alternative_Music_Album" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Alternative_Music_Album" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Alternative_Music_Album" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Alternative_Music_Album69" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Alternative_Music_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album">Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Do_Not_Want_What_I_Haven%27t_Got" title="I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got">I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got</a> — <a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor" title="Sinéad O'Connor">Sinéad O'Connor</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Time_(album)" title="Out of Time (album)">Out of Time</a> — <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_Machine" title="Bone Machine">Bone Machine</a> — <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tom Waits</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zooropa" title="Zooropa">Zooropa</a> — <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dookie_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dookie (album)">Dookie</a> — <a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Unplugged_in_New_York" title="MTV Unplugged in New York">MTV Unplugged in New York</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odelay" title="Odelay">Odelay</a> — <a href="/wiki/Beck" title="Beck">Beck</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_Computer" title="OK Computer">OK Computer</a> — <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hello_Nasty" title="Hello Nasty">Hello Nasty</a> — <a href="/wiki/Beastie_Boys" title="Beastie Boys">Beastie Boys</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutations_(Beck_album)" title="Mutations (Beck album)">Mutations</a> — <a href="/wiki/Beck" title="Beck">Beck</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kid_A" title="Kid A">Kid A</a> — <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachutes_(Coldplay_album)" title="Parachutes (Coldplay album)">Parachutes</a> — <a href="/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Rush_of_Blood_to_the_Head" title="A Rush of Blood to the Head">A Rush of Blood to the Head</a> — <a href="/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_(album)" title="Elephant (album)">Elephant</a> — <a href="/wiki/The_White_Stripes" title="The White Stripes">The White Stripes</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Ghost_Is_Born" title="A Ghost Is Born">A Ghost Is Born</a> — <a href="/wiki/Wilco" title="Wilco">Wilco</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Behind_Me_Satan" title="Get Behind Me Satan">Get Behind Me Satan</a> — <a href="/wiki/The_White_Stripes" title="The White Stripes">The White Stripes</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Elsewhere_(album)" title="St. Elsewhere (album)">St. Elsewhere</a> — <a href="/wiki/Gnarls_Barkley" title="Gnarls Barkley">Gnarls Barkley</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icky_Thump" title="Icky Thump">Icky Thump</a> — <a href="/wiki/The_White_Stripes" title="The White Stripes">The White Stripes</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Rainbows" title="In Rainbows">In Rainbows</a> — <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Phoenix" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Phoenix">Wolfgang Amadeus Phoenix</a> — <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(band)" title="Phoenix (band)">Phoenix</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_(The_Black_Keys_album)" title="Brothers (The Black Keys album)">Brothers</a> — <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Keys" title="The Black Keys">The Black Keys</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon_Iver_(album)" title="Bon Iver (album)">Bon Iver</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bon_Iver" title="Bon Iver">Bon Iver</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Making_Mirrors" title="Making Mirrors">Making Mirrors</a> — <a href="/wiki/Gotye" title="Gotye">Gotye</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Vampires_of_the_City" title="Modern Vampires of the City">Modern Vampires of the City</a> — <a href="/wiki/Vampire_Weekend" title="Vampire Weekend">Vampire Weekend</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Vincent_(album)" title="St. Vincent (album)">St. Vincent</a> — <a href="/wiki/St._Vincent_(musician)" title="St. Vincent (musician)">St. Vincent</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_%26_Color" title="Sound & Color">Sound & Color</a> — <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Shakes" title="Alabama Shakes">Alabama Shakes</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackstar_(album)" title="Blackstar (album)">Blackstar</a> — <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_Well_Beast" title="Sleep Well Beast">Sleep Well Beast</a> — <a href="/wiki/The_National_(band)" title="The National (band)">The National</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colors_(Beck_album)" title="Colors (Beck album)">Colors</a> — <a href="/wiki/Beck" title="Beck">Beck</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_Bride_(album)" title="Father of the Bride (album)">Father of the Bride</a> — <a href="/wiki/Vampire_Weekend" title="Vampire Weekend">Vampire Weekend</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fetch_the_Bolt_Cutters" title="Fetch the Bolt Cutters">Fetch the Bolt Cutters</a> — <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Apple" title="Fiona Apple">Fiona Apple</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daddy%27s_Home_(St._Vincent_album)" title="Daddy's Home (St. Vincent album)">Daddy's Home</a> – <a href="/wiki/St._Vincent_(musician)" title="St. Vincent (musician)">St. Vincent</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_Leg_(album)" title="Wet Leg (album)">Wet Leg</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wet_Leg" title="Wet Leg">Wet Leg</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Record_(Boygenius_album)" title="The Record (Boygenius album)">The Record</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boygenius" title="Boygenius">Boygenius</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Born_Screaming" title="All Born Screaming">All Born Screaming</a> – <a href="/wiki/St._Vincent_(musician)" title="St. Vincent (musician)">St. Vincent</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2011_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2011 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2011174" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Class of 2011</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper_(band)" title="Alice Cooper (band)">Alice Cooper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bruce_(musician)" title="Michael Bruce (musician)">Michael Owen Bruce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Buxton" title="Glen Buxton">Glen Buxton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper" title="Alice Cooper">Alice Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Dunaway" title="Dennis Dunaway">Dennis Dunaway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neal_Smith_(drummer)" title="Neal Smith (drummer)">Neal Smith</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._John" title="Dr. John">Dr. John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlene_Love" title="Darlene Love">Darlene Love</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tom Waits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jac_Holzman" title="Jac Holzman">Jac Holzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Rupe" title="Art Rupe">Art Rupe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Award for Musical Excellence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Russell" title="Leon Russell">Leon Russell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3399" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3399" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184805#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114751153">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/74039179">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/264620/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgH8bxGCMQhFQTw96dhHC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11897792X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n90611983">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139009478">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139009478">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00621624">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0023041&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1133959">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072407212">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/98004033">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000319586&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000044887&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2019E1580">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/qn25cbj847qt0jc">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810605778205606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007442092005171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000188252">Finland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12622675?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/c3aeb863-7b26-4388-94e8-5a240f2be21b">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/tom-waits/10403">Grammy Awards</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_11897792X">FID</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/11897792X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11897792X">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/059398744">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61z51v9">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&oldid=1276107029">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Waits&oldid=1276107029</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tom_Waits" title="Category:Tom Waits">Tom 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