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id="mp-welcome"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading1"><h1 id="Welcome_to_Wikipedia">Welcome to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></h1></div>,</div> <div id="mp-free">the <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free</a> <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia">encyclopedia</a> that <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_Wikipedia" title="Help:Introduction to Wikipedia">anyone can edit</a>.</div> <div id="articlecount"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">117,614</a> active editors</li><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">6,941,071</a> articles in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-upper"> <div id="mp-left" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" class="mp-h2">From today's featured article</h2> <div id="mp-tfa" class="mp-contains-float"><div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 119px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brown_in_a_posed_formal_photo.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="William Robinson Brown"><img alt="William Robinson Brown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Brown_in_a_posed_formal_photo.JPG/119px-Brown_in_a_posed_formal_photo.JPG" decoding="async" width="119" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Brown_in_a_posed_formal_photo.JPG/179px-Brown_in_a_posed_formal_photo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Brown_in_a_posed_formal_photo.JPG/238px-Brown_in_a_posed_formal_photo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1047" data-file-height="1460" /></a></span></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/William_Robinson_Brown" title="William Robinson Brown">William Robinson Brown</a></b> (January 17, 1875 – August 4, 1955) was a corporate officer of the <a href="/wiki/Brown_Company" title="Brown Company">Brown Company</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Horse_breeding" title="Horse breeding">breeder</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arabian_horse" title="Arabian horse">Arabian horses</a>. He advocated for <a href="/wiki/Forest_management#sustainable_forest_management" title="Forest management">sustainable forest management</a> practices and his innovations became industry standards. He was influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive movement</a>, instituting employee benefits at the Brown Company that predated modern <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_compensation" title="Workers' compensation">workers' compensation</a> laws. He founded the Maynesboro Stud in 1912 with <a href="/wiki/Foundation_stock" title="Foundation stock">bloodstock</a> from American breeders of Arabian horses, also importing horses from England, France, and Egypt. At its peak, Maynesboro was the largest Arabian horse farm in the United States. To prove the abilities of Arabians, he organized several <a href="/wiki/Endurance_riding" title="Endurance riding">endurance races</a>, which his horses won three times. He served as the president of the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Horse_Association" title="Arabian Horse Association">Arabian Horse Club of America</a> from 1918 until 1939. His 1929 book <i>The Horse of the Desert</i> is an authoritative work on Arabians. A <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>, he served as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">presidential elector</a> for <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> in 1924. (<b><a href="/wiki/William_Robinson_Brown" title="William Robinson Brown">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_January_16th" title="Night of January 16th">Night of January 16th</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry-throated_tanager" title="Cherry-throated tanager">Cherry-throated tanager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josette_Simon" title="Josette Simon">Josette Simon</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/January_2025" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/January 2025">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" class="mp-h2">Did you know ...</h2> <div id="mp-dyk" class="mp-contains-float"> <div class="dyk-img" style="float: right; margin-left: 0.5em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 121px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thamirys_Nunes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thamirys Nunes"><img alt="Thamirys Nunes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Thamirys_Nunes.jpg/121px-Thamirys_Nunes.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Thamirys_Nunes.jpg/182px-Thamirys_Nunes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Thamirys_Nunes.jpg/242px-Thamirys_Nunes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="923" data-file-height="1228" /></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Thamirys Nunes</div></div> </div> <ul><li>... that after discovering her child was transgender, <b><a href="/wiki/Thamirys_Nunes" title="Thamirys Nunes">Thamirys Nunes</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i> created <b><a href="/wiki/Minha_Crian%C3%A7a_Trans" title="Minha Criança Trans">an organization</a></b> dedicated to defending transgender youth?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Diner_Lobster" title="Diner Lobster">a <i>Saturday Night Live</i> sketch</a></b> received an award from the <a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a> (PETA)?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Darryl_De_Sousa" title="Darryl De Sousa">Darryl De Sousa</a></b> created a <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Police_Department" title="Baltimore Police Department">Baltimore Police Department</a> unit to give <a href="/wiki/Polygraph" title="Polygraph">lie detector</a> tests to other units?</li> <li>... that the reliefs on the walls of the <b><a href="/wiki/Dhumnath_Temple" title="Dhumnath Temple">Dhumnath Temple</a></b> depict erotic poses from the <i><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.15em;">?</span></li> <li>... that general <b><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Chongguo" title="Zhao Chongguo">Zhao Chongguo</a></b><span class="nowrap">'s</span> appointment to manage parklands incidentally gave him control over the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>'s coinage production?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Burt_(crocodile)" title="Burt (crocodile)">an Australian crocodile named Burt</a></b> starred in <i><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_Dundee" title="Crocodile Dundee">Crocodile Dundee</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.15em;">?</span></li> <li>... that <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Svalbard" title="Governor of Svalbard">Governor of Svalbard</a> <b><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5kon_Balstad" title="Håkon Balstad">Håkon Balstad</a></b> was described as a "roaring bull of a man with a fabulous capacity for raw liquor"?</li> <li>... that New Zealand once <b><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_New_Zealand" title="Tea in New Zealand">consumed more tea</a></b> per capita than Britain?</li> <li>... that before specializing in <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipe</a> making, <b><a href="/wiki/Roddy_MacLellan" title="Roddy MacLellan">Roddy MacLellan</a></b> helped create one of the trophies used at the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a>?</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist dyk-footer noprint" style="margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recent_additions" title="Wikipedia:Recent additions">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Start a new article</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Did_you_know" title="Template talk:Did you know">Nominate an article</a></b></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-right" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" class="mp-h2">In the news</h2> <div id="mp-itn" class="mp-contains-float"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1053378754">.mw-parser-output .itn-img{float:right;margin-left:0.5em;margin-top:0.2em}</style><div role="figure" class="itn-img"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 114px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Lynch_at_the_1990_Emmy_Awards.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="David Lynch in 1990"><img alt="David Lynch in 1990" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/David_Lynch_at_the_1990_Emmy_Awards.jpg/114px-David_Lynch_at_the_1990_Emmy_Awards.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/David_Lynch_at_the_1990_Emmy_Awards.jpg/171px-David_Lynch_at_the_1990_Emmy_Awards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/David_Lynch_at_the_1990_Emmy_Awards.jpg/228px-David_Lynch_at_the_1990_Emmy_Awards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;">David Lynch in 1990</div></div> </div> <ul><li>American filmmaker <b><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i> dies at the <span class="nowrap">age of 78</span>.</li> <li>South Korean president <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon Suk Yeol</a> is <b><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Arrest of Yoon Suk Yeol">arrested</a></b> after <a href="/wiki/2024_South_Korean_martial_law_crisis" title="2024 South Korean martial law crisis">his declaration of martial law</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a> <b><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2022–2025 Lebanese presidential election">is elected</a></b> president of Lebanon after a two-year vacancy, and <a href="/wiki/Nawaf_Salam" title="Nawaf Salam">Nawaf Salam</a> is nominated as prime minister.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2025_N%27Djamena_attack" title="2025 N'Djamena attack">An attack</a></b> on the presidential palace in <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a>, Chad, results in 19 deaths.</li></ul> <div class="itn-footer" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"> <div><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Ongoing</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_January_2025_%E2%80%93_present)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 January 2025 – present)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2025)" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2025)">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> <div><b><a href="/wiki/Deaths_in_2025" title="Deaths in 2025">Recent deaths</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Uecker" title="Bob Uecker">Bob Uecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Deutsch" title="Walter Deutsch">Walter Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Book" title="Tony Book">Tony Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasjim_Djalal" title="Hasjim Djalal">Hasjim Djalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Jarman_Jr." title="Claude Jarman Jr.">Claude Jarman Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Cicutto" title="Frank Cicutto">Frank Cicutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Feranec" title="Milan Feranec">Milan Feranec</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist itn-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:In_the_news/Candidates" title="Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates">Nominate an article</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" class="mp-h2">On this day</h2> <div id="mp-otd" class="mp-contains-float"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a></b> </p> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;" id="mp-otd-img"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 123px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liliuokalani.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queen Liliʻuokalani of Hawaii"><img alt="Queen Liliʻuokalani of Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Liliuokalani.jpg/123px-Liliuokalani.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Liliuokalani.jpg/185px-Liliuokalani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Liliuokalani.jpg/246px-Liliuokalani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="392" /></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Queen Liliʻuokalani of Hawaii</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1377" title="1377">1377</a> – <b><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XI" title="Pope Gregory XI">Gregory XI</a></b>, the last <a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon pope</a>, entered Rome after a four-month journey from <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>, returning the papacy to its original city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lorrin_A._Thurston" title="Lorrin A. Thurston">Lorrin A. Thurston</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Safety_(Hawaii)" title="Committee of Safety (Hawaii)">Citizens' Committee of Public Safety</a> led the <b><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom">overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom</a></b> and the government of Queen <a href="/wiki/Lili%CA%BBuokalani" title="Liliʻuokalani">Liliʻuokalani</a> <i>(pictured)</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> – <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>: Australian troops advanced along the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Island" title="Bougainville Island">Bougainville Island</a> (in present-day Papua New Guinea) and began fighting Japanese forces in the <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tsimba_Ridge" title="Battle of Tsimba Ridge">Battle of Tsimba Ridge</a></b>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a>: The <b><a href="/wiki/Renville_Agreement" title="Renville Agreement">Renville Agreement</a></b> between the Netherlands and Indonesian republicans was ratified, in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to resolve disputes arising from the <a href="/wiki/Linggadjati_Agreement" title="Linggadjati Agreement">Linggadjati Agreement</a> of 1946.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Little_Saigon,_Orange_County" title="Little Saigon, Orange County">Little Saigon, California</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Hi-Tek_incident" title="Hi-Tek incident">a series of protests</a></b> began when the owner of a video rental store displayed an image of <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a>.</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Wood_(author)" title="Ellen Wood (author)">Ellen Wood</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1814)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abram_Lincoln_Harris" title="Abram Lincoln Harris">Abram Lincoln Harris</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1899)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1964)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sunanda_Pushkar" title="Sunanda Pushkar">Sunanda Pushkar</a></b> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 2014)</li></ul></div> <div style="margin-top:0.5em;"> More anniversaries: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist otd-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/January" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/January">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_days_of_the_year" title="List of days of the year">List of days of the year</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries">About</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-middle" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfl-h2" class="mp-h2">From today's featured list</h2> <div id="mp-tfl" class="mp-contains-float"><div id="mp-tfl-img" style="float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.4em 0.9em;"><div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 162px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Second_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Model of the Second Temple in the time of Herod the Great"><img alt="Model of the Second Temple in the time of Herod the Great" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Second_Temple.jpg/162px-Second_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Second_Temple.jpg/243px-Second_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Second_Temple.jpg/324px-Second_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Model of the Second Temple in the time of <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></div></div> </div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Second_Temple_period" title="Timeline of the Second Temple period">timeline of the Second Temple period</a></b> in <a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">Jewish history</a> begins with the end of the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a> and the Persian conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Babylonian Empire</a> in 539 BCE. A new temple to replace the destroyed <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a> was built in Jerusalem by the returnees, and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a> <i>(model pictured)</i> was finished around 516 BCE. <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_Judaism" title="Second Temple Judaism">Second Temple Judaism</a> was centered around the religious leadership of the Second Temple, and lasted for six centuries. The Persians were largely tolerant of Judaism. Persian rule lasted for two centuries, but came to an end with the conquests of Macedonia under <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> in 332 BCE. Judea and the Eastern Mediterranean region came under Greek influence during the resulting <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic Judaism</a> blended both Greek and Jewish traditions. The <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a> came to an end with the <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="First Jewish–Roman War">First Jewish–Roman War</a> of 66 to 73 CE. (<b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Second_Temple_period" title="Timeline of the Second Temple period">Full list...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfl-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_winners_of_the_Amsterdam_Marathon" title="List of winners of the Amsterdam Marathon">Winners of the Amsterdam Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-1920_jazz_standards" title="List of pre-1920 jazz standards">Pre-1920 jazz standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Senegal" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Senegal">World Heritage Sites in Senegal</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfl-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_list/January_2025" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured list/January 2025">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_lists" title="Wikipedia:Featured lists">More featured lists</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <div id="mp-lower" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfp-h2" class="mp-h2">Today's featured picture</h2> <div id="mp-tfp"> <table role="presentation" style="margin:0 3px 3px; width:100%; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 0.9em 0 0; width:250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Benjamin Franklin"><img alt="Benjamin Franklin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/375px-Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/500px-Joseph_Siffrein_Duplessis_-_Benjamin_Franklin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6396" data-file-height="7801" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:0 6px 0 0"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></b> (January 17, 1706 – April 17, 1790) was an American <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a>: a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political philosopher</a>. Among the most influential intellectuals of his time, Franklin was one of the <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a>; a <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Five" title="Committee of Five">drafter</a> and signer of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>; and the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">postmaster general</a>. Franklin became a successful <a href="/wiki/Early_American_publishers_and_printers" title="Early American publishers and printers">newspaper editor and printer</a> in Philadelphia, the leading city in the colonies, publishing <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pennsylvania_Gazette" title="The Pennsylvania Gazette">The Pennsylvania Gazette</a></i> at age 23. He became wealthy publishing this and <i><a href="/wiki/Poor_Richard%27s_Almanack" title="Poor Richard's Almanack">Poor Richard's Almanack</a></i>, which he wrote under the pseudonym "Richard Saunders". As a scientist, his studies of electricity made him a major figure in the <a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">American Enlightenment</a> and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_physics" title="History of physics">history of physics</a>. His inventions include the <a href="/wiki/Lightning_rod" title="Lightning rod">lightning rod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bifocals" title="Bifocals">bifocals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glass_harmonica" title="Glass harmonica">glass harmonica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_stove" title="Franklin stove">Franklin stove</a>. This 1778 portrait of Franklin was painted by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Duplessis" title="Joseph Duplessis">Joseph Duplessis</a>. </p> <p style="text-align:left;"><small>Painting credit: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Duplessis" title="Joseph Duplessis">Joseph Duplessis</a></small></p> <div class="potd-recent" style="text-align:right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-01-16" title="Template:POTD/2025-01-16">Green iguana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-01-15" title="Template:POTD/2025-01-15"><i>Rhinanthus angustifolius</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-01-14" title="Template:POTD/2025-01-14">Nigeen Lake</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist potd-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a 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class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div></div> <h2 id="mp-lang" class="mp-h2">Wikipedia languages</h2> <div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r997272951">.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-complete{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages ul a{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages>ul{list-style:none;text-align:center;clear:both}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-count-container{width:90%;display:flex;justify-content:center;padding-top:1em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-prettybars{width:100%;height:1px;margin:0.5em 0;background-color:#c8ccd1;flex-shrink:1;align-self:center}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-count{padding:0 1em;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="wikipedia-languages nourlexpansion"> <p>This Wikipedia is written in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English 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Many <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" class="extiw" title="meta:List of Wikipedias">other Wikipedias are available</a>; some of the largest are listed below. </p> <ul class="plainlinks"> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">1,000,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Arabic (ar:)" lang="ar">العربية</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="German (de:)" lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Spanish (es:)" lang="es">Español</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Persian (fa:)" lang="fa">فارسی</span></a>‎</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="French (fr:)" lang="fr">Français</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Italian (it:)" lang="it">Italiano</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Dutch (nl:)" lang="nl">Nederlands</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Japanese (ja:)" lang="ja">日本語</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Polish (pl:)" lang="pl">Polski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Portuguese (pt:)" lang="pt">Português</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Russian (ru:)" lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Swedish (sv:)" lang="sv">Svenska</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Ukrainian (uk:)" lang="uk">Українська</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Vietnamese (vi:)" lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Chinese (zh:)" lang="zh">中文</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">250,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Indonesian (id:)" lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malay (ms:)" lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Minnan (nan:)" lang="nan">閩南語</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bulgarian (bg:)" lang="bg">Български</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Catalan (ca:)" lang="ca">Català</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Czech (cs:)" lang="cs">Čeština</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Danish (da:)" lang="da">Dansk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Esperanto (eo:)" lang="eo">Esperanto</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Basque (eu:)" lang="eu">Euskara</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hebrew (he:)" lang="he">עברית</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Armenian (hy:)" lang="hy">Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Korean (ko:)" lang="ko">한국어</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hungarian (hu:)" lang="hu">Magyar</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian (no:)" lang="no">Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Romanian (ro:)" lang="ro">Română</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Simple English (simple:)" lang="en">Simple English</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovak (sk:)" lang="sk">Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbian (sr:)" lang="sr">Srpski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbo-Croatian (sh:)" lang="sh">Srpskohrvatski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Finnish (fi:)" lang="fi">Suomi</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Turkish (tr:)" lang="tr">Türkçe</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Uzbek (uz:)" lang="uz">Oʻzbekcha</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">50,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Asturian (ast:)" lang="ast">Asturianu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Azerbaijani (az:)" lang="az">Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bangla (bn:)" lang="bn">বাংলা</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bosnian (bs:)" lang="bs">Bosanski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Central Kurdish (ckb:)" lang="ckb">کوردی</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Estonian (et:)" lang="et">Eesti</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Greek (el:)" lang="el">Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Western Frisian (fy:)" lang="fy">Frysk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Irish (ga:)" lang="ga">Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Galician (gl:)" lang="gl">Galego</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Croatian (hr:)" lang="hr">Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Georgian (ka:)" lang="ka">ქართული</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Kurdish (ku:)" lang="ku">Kurdî</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Latvian (lv:)" lang="lv">Latviešu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Lithuanian (lt:)" lang="lt">Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malayalam (ml:)" lang="ml">മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Macedonian (mk:)" lang="mk">Македонски</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Burmese (my:)" lang="my">မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian Nynorsk (nn:)" lang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Punjabi (pa:)" lang="pa">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Albanian (sq:)" lang="sq">Shqip</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovenian (sl:)" lang="sl">Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Thai (th:)" lang="th">ไทย</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Telugu (te:)" lang="te">తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Urdu (ur:)" lang="ur">اردو</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=1267837350">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=1267837350</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a 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