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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Obstacles_and_events_before_the_Council's_problem_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obstacles_and_events_before_the_Council's_problem_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Obstacles and events before the Council's problem area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obstacles_and_events_before_the_Council's_problem_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_general,_free_council_in_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_general,_free_council_in_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>A general, free council in Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_general,_free_council_in_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occasion,_sessions,_and_attendance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occasion,_sessions,_and_attendance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Occasion, sessions, and attendance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Occasion,_sessions,_and_attendance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Occasion, sessions, and attendance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Occasion,_sessions,_and_attendance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sessions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sessions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sessions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sessions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Pre-council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>First period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Second period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Third period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Objectives_and_overall_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objectives_and_overall_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Objectives and overall results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objectives_and_overall_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decrees</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Decrees-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Decrees subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Decrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Practical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Practical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Practical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Practical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratification_and_promulgation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratification_and_promulgation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ratification and promulgation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratification_and_promulgation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publication_of_documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publication_of_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Publication of documents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publication_of_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_doctrinal_decrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_doctrinal_decrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>List of doctrinal decrees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_doctrinal_decrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protestant_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protestant_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Protestant response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protestant_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Council of Trent</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="مجمع ترنت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجمع ترنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceyu_de_Trento" title="Conceyu de Trento – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Conceyu de Trento" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Трыдэнцкі сабор – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Трыдэнцкі сабор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Трыдэнцкі сабор – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Трыдэнцкі сабор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Трентски събор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Трентски събор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sened-Iliz_Trento" title="Sened-Iliz Trento – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sened-Iliz Trento" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concili_de_Trento" title="Concili de Trento – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Concili de Trento" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridentsk%C3%BD_koncil" title="Tridentský koncil – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tridentský koncil" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyngor_Trent" title="Cyngor Trent – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyngor Trent" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridentinerkoncilet" title="Tridentinerkoncilet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tridentinerkoncilet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzil_von_Trient" title="Konzil von Trient – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Konzil von Trient" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trento_kirikukogu" title="Trento kirikukogu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Trento kirikukogu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Σύνοδος του Τρέντο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σύνοδος του Τρέντο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilio_de_Trento" title="Concilio de Trento – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Concilio de Trento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncilio_de_Trento" title="Koncilio de Trento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Koncilio de Trento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trentoko_kontzilioa" title="Trentoko kontzilioa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Trentoko kontzilioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="شورای ترنت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شورای ترنت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concile_de_Trente" title="Concile de Trente – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Concile de Trente" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsylje_fan_Trente" title="Konsylje fan Trente – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Konsylje fan Trente" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhairle_Trento" title="Comhairle Trento – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhairle Trento" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhairle_Treinte" title="Comhairle Treinte – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Comhairle Treinte" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilio_de_Trento" title="Concilio de Trento – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Concilio de Trento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%94%ED%8A%B8_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="트리엔트 공의회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트리엔트 공의회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridentski_sabor" title="Tridentski sabor – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tridentski sabor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncilo_di_Trento" title="Koncilo di Trento – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Koncilo di Trento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsili_Trento" title="Konsili Trento – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsili Trento" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkju%C3%BEingi%C3%B0_%C3%AD_Trent%C3%B3" title="Kirkjuþingið í Trentó – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kirkjuþingið í Trentó" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilio_di_Trento" title="Concilio di Trento – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Concilio di Trento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95" title="ועידת טרנטו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ועידת טרנטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%86" title="ಟ್ರೆಂಟ್ ಸಭೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟ್ರೆಂಟ್ ಸಭೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ტრიდენტის საეკლესიო კრება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტრიდენტის საეკლესიო კრება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtaguso_wa_Trento" title="Mtaguso wa Trento – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mtaguso wa Trento" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilium_Tridentinum" title="Concilium Tridentinum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Concilium Tridentinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridentes_koncils" title="Tridentes koncils – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tridentes koncils" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridento_susirinkimas" title="Tridento susirinkimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tridento susirinkimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consilio_de_Trento" title="Consilio de Trento – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Consilio de Trento" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concili_de_Trent" title="Concili de Trent – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Concili de Trent" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridenti_zsinat" title="Tridenti zsinat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tridenti zsinat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Трентски собор – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Трентски собор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4nsily_tao_Tridentio" title="Kônsily tao Tridentio – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kônsily tao Tridentio" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ത്രെന്തോസ് സൂനഹദോസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ത്രെന്തോസ് സൂനഹദോസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="مجمع ترنت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مجمع ترنت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majlis_Trento" title="Majlis Trento – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Majlis Trento" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilie_van_Trente" title="Concilie van Trente – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Concilie van Trente" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0" title="トリエント公会議 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トリエント公会議" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsilet_i_Trient" title="Konsilet i Trient – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Konsilet i Trient" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couns%C3%AAle_d%C3%A9_Trente" title="Counsêle dé Trente – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Counsêle dé Trente" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concili_de_Trent" title="Concili de Trent – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Concili de Trent" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conchile_ed_Trinte" title="Conchile ed Trinte – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Conchile ed Trinte" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_trydencki" title="Sobór trydencki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sobór trydencki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conc%C3%ADlio_de_Trento" title="Concílio de Trento – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Concílio de Trento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conciliul_Tridentin" title="Conciliul Tridentin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Conciliul Tridentin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Тридентский собор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тридентский собор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conciliu_di_Trento" title="Conciliu di Trento – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Conciliu di Trento" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Council of Trent" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridentsk%C3%BD_koncil" title="Tridentský koncil – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tridentský koncil" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridentinski_koncil" title="Tridentinski koncil – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tridentinski koncil" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Тридентски сабор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тридентски сабор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridentski_koncil" title="Tridentski koncil – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tridentski koncil" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenton_kirkolliskokous" title="Trenton kirkolliskokous – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Trenton kirkolliskokous" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridentinska_kyrkom%C3%B6tet" title="Tridentinska kyrkomötet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tridentinska kyrkomötet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsilyo_ng_Trento" title="Konsilyo ng Trento – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Konsilyo ng Trento" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="திரெந்து பொதுச்சங்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திரெந்து பொதுச்சங்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="สังคายนาแห่งเทรนต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สังคายนาแห่งเทรนต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trento_Konsili" title="Trento Konsili – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Trento Konsili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Тридентський собор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тридентський собор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_Trent%C3%B4" title="Công đồng Trentô – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công đồng Trentô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsilyo_han_Trento" title="Konsilyo han Trento – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Konsilyo han Trento" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E8%85%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="特利腾大公会议 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="特利腾大公会议" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E9%9D%88%E6%89%98%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="圖靈托大公會議 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="圖靈托大公會議" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E9%A8%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="特利騰大公會議 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="特利騰大公會議" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q172991#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Council_of_Trent" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Council+of+Trent%22">"Council of Trent"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Council+of+Trent%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Council+of+Trent%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Council+of+Trent%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Council+of+Trent%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Council+of+Trent%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:lightgreen;">Council of Trent</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Concilio_Trento_Museo_Buonconsiglio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Concilio_Trento_Museo_Buonconsiglio.jpg/200px-Concilio_Trento_Museo_Buonconsiglio.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Concilio_Trento_Museo_Buonconsiglio.jpg/300px-Concilio_Trento_Museo_Buonconsiglio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Concilio_Trento_Museo_Buonconsiglio.jpg/400px-Concilio_Trento_Museo_Buonconsiglio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4056" data-file-height="3340" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Council of Trent, painting in the Museo del Palazzo del Buonconsiglio, Trento</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">13 December 1545 – 4 December 1563</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Accepted by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Previous council</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fifth Council of the Lateran">Fifth Council of the Lateran</a> (1512–1517)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next council</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a> (1869–1870)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Convoked by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Paul III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist nowrap"><ul><li>Paul III</li><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_III" title="Pope Julius III">Julius III</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pius IV</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Attendance</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">about 255 during the final sessions</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Topics</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Documents and statements</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Seventeen dogmatic decrees covering then-disputed aspects of Catholic religion</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:2px solid lightgreen;"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council#List_of_ecumenical_councils" title="Ecumenical council">Chronological list of ecumenical councils</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Counter-Reformation" title="Category:Counter-Reformation">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Counter-Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Counter-Reformation">Catholic<br /> Counter-Reformation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo%2C_Faith_or_The_Church_Triumphant_as%2C_165_x_251_cm.jpg/200px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo%2C_Faith_or_The_Church_Triumphant_as%2C_165_x_251_cm.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo%2C_Faith_or_The_Church_Triumphant_as%2C_165_x_251_cm.jpg/300px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo%2C_Faith_or_The_Church_Triumphant_as%2C_165_x_251_cm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo%2C_Faith_or_The_Church_Triumphant_as%2C_165_x_251_cm.jpg/400px-Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo%2C_Faith_or_The_Church_Triumphant_as%2C_165_x_251_cm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="640" /></span></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><i>Faith, or The Church Triumphant</i> (1665), by <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo" title="Bartolomé Esteban Murillo">Bartolomé Esteban Murillo</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> Catholic Reformation and Revival</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Councils and documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Council of Trent</a></b><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Exsurge_Domine" title="Exsurge Domine">Exsurge Domine</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Decet_Romanum_Pontificem" title="Decet Romanum Pontificem">Decet Romanum Pontificem</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Confutatio_Augustana" title="Confutatio Augustana">Confutatio Augustana</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Regimini_militantis_Ecclesiae" title="Regimini militantis Ecclesiae">Regimini militantis Ecclesiae</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catechism" title="Roman Catechism">Roman Catechism</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation#Nova_ordinantia_eclessiastica" title="Counter-Reformation">Nova ordinantia eclessiastica</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Defensio_Tridentin%C3%A6_fidei" title="Defensio Tridentinæ fidei">Defensio Tridentinæ fidei</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Regnans_in_Excelsis" title="Regnans in Excelsis">Regnans in Excelsis</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Ascendente_Domino" title="Ascendente Domino">Ascendente Domino</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Immensa_aeterni_Dei" title="Immensa aeterni Dei">Immensa aeterni Dei</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Unigenitus" title="Unigenitus">Unigenitus</a></i></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Politics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Worms" title="Diet of Worms">Diet of Worms</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic League (Germany)">Catholic League</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Interim" title="Augsburg Interim">Augsburg Interim</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/European_Wars_of_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="European Wars of Religion">European Wars of Religion</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_Rebellions" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalecarlian Rebellions">Dalecarlian Rebellions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Peasants%27_War" title="German Peasants' War">German Peasants' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Kappel" title="Wars of Kappel">Wars of Kappel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrone%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrone's Rebellion">Tyrone's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olav_Engelbrektsson%27s_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Olav Engelbrektsson's rebellion">Olav Engelbrektsson's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_of_Grace" title="Pilgrimage of Grace">Pilgrimage of Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigod%27s_rebellion" title="Bigod's rebellion">Bigod's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacke_War" title="Dacke War">Dacke War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmalkaldic_War" title="Schmalkaldic War">Schmalkaldic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_Book_Rebellion" title="Prayer Book Rebellion">Prayer Book Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_Bishops%27_War" title="Strasbourg Bishops' War">Strasbourg Bishops' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Revolt" title="Bohemian Revolt">Bohemian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohan_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohan Wars">Rohan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1689" title="Jacobite rising of 1689">Jacobite rising of 1689</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Spirituality</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternities" class="mw-redirect" title="Confraternities">Confraternities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_devotions" title="Catholic devotions">Devotionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_school_of_spirituality" title="French school of spirituality">French school of spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatian_spirituality" title="Ignatian spirituality">Ignatian spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_life_(Catholic_theology)" title="Interior life (Catholic theology)">Interior life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_mystics" title="Spanish mystics">Spanish mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_of_mercy" title="Works of mercy">Works of mercy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><br /><b>Schools</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">Polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish Baroque">Flemish Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Century" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Golden Century">Spanish Golden Century</a></li></ul> <p><b>Artists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Barocci" title="Federico Barocci">Federico Barocci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Caravaggio" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelangelo Caravaggio">Michelangelo Caravaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annibale_Carracci" title="Annibale Carracci">Annibale Carracci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Carracci" title="Ludovico Carracci">Ludovico Carracci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck" title="Anthony van Dyck">Anthony van Dyck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fontana" title="Domenico Fontana">Domenico Fontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemisia_Gentileschi" title="Artemisia Gentileschi">Artemisia Gentileschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Giordano" title="Luca Giordano">Luca Giordano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_de_Kerle" title="Jacobus de Kerle">Jacobus de Kerle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lanfranco" title="Giovanni Lanfranco">Giovanni Lanfranco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_di_Lasso" title="Orlando di Lasso">Orlando di Lasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo" title="Bartolomé Esteban Murillo">Bartolomé Esteban Murillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattia_Preti" title="Mattia Preti">Mattia Preti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Pozzo" title="Andrea Pozzo">Andrea Pozzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scipione_Pulzone" title="Scipione Pulzone">Scipione Pulzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Reni" title="Guido Reni">Guido Reni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jusepe_de_Ribera" title="Jusepe de Ribera">Jusepe de Ribera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Ruffo" title="Vincenzo Ruffo">Vincenzo Ruffo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintoretto" title="Tintoretto">Tintoretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_de_la_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges de la Tour">Georges de la Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Vald%C3%A9s_Leal" title="Juan de Valdés Leal">Juan de Valdés Leal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n" title="Francisco de Zurbarán">Francisco de Zurbarán</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><br /><b>People</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li></ul> <p><b>Clergy</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Borromeo" title="Charles Borromeo">Charles Borromeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Calasanz" title="Joseph Calasanz">Joseph Calasanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eck" class="mw-redirect" title="John Eck">John Eck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_P%C3%A1zm%C3%A1ny" title="Péter Pázmány">Péter Pázmány</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Neri" title="Philip Neri">Philip Neri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Ricci" title="Matteo Ricci">Matteo Ricci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Francisco Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li></ul> <p><b>Monarchs</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Elector_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_the_Old_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigismund the Old of Poland">Sigismund I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_III_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigismund III of Poland">Sigismund III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="William V, Duke of Bavaria">William V</a></li></ul> <p><b>Popes</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Leo X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_VI" title="Pope Adrian VI">Adrian VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Clement VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_III" title="Pope Pius III">Pius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Paul III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_III" title="Pope Julius III">Julius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_IV" title="Pope Paul IV">Paul IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pius IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII" title="Pope Gregory XIII">Gregory XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Sixtus V</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Inquisition</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" title="Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith">Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_excommunicable_offences_from_the_Council_of_Trent" title="List of excommunicable offences from the Council of Trent">Excommunicable offences</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Inquisition" title="Portuguese Inquisition">Portuguese Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Inquisition" title="Roman Inquisition">Roman Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Legend_of_the_Spanish_Inquisition" title="Black Legend of the Spanish Inquisition">Black Legend of the Spanish Inquisition</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophy and education</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Collegium_Germanicum_et_Hungaricum" title="Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum">Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Gregorian_University" title="Pontifical Gregorian University">Pontifical Gregorian University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_scholasticism" title="Second scholasticism">Second scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Religious orders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content 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councils">Ecumenical councils</a><br />of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Council_Trent.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Renaissance print depicting the Council of Trent"><img alt="A Renaissance print depicting the Council of Trent" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Council_Trent.jpg/170px-Council_Trent.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Council_Trent.jpg/255px-Council_Trent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Council_Trent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="224" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent</div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #FFCC99"> 4th–5th 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title="Council of Vienne">Vienne (1311–1312)</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #FFCC99"> 15th–16th centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Constance (1414–1418)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Basel–Ferrara–Florence (1431–1442)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fifth Council of the Lateran">Lateran V (1512–1517)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trent (1545–1563)</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #FFCC99"> 19th–20th centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">Vatican I (1869–1870)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II (1962–1965)</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Template:Catholic ecumenical councils"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Template talk:Catholic ecumenical councils"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic ecumenical councils"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Council of Trent</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Concilium Tridentinum</i>), held between 1545 and 1563 in <a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trent</a> (or Trento), now in northern <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italy</a>, was the 19th <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">ecumenical council</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prompted by the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> at the time, it has been described as the embodiment of the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Council issued key statements and clarifications of the Church's doctrine and teachings, including <a href="/wiki/Scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="Scripture">scripture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">biblical canon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">sacred tradition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">original sin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)" title="Justification (theology)">justification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">salvation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">sacraments</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Veneration" title="Veneration">veneration of saints</a><sup id="cite_ref-World_History_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_History-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also issued condemnations of what it defined to be <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresies</a> committed by proponents of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>. The consequences of the council were also significant with regard to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Church's liturgy</a> and censorship. </p><p>The Council met for twenty-five sessions between 13 December 1545 and 4 December 1563.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Pope Paul III</a>, who <a href="/wiki/Convoked" class="mw-redirect" title="Convoked">convoked</a> the council, oversaw the first eight sessions (1545–1547), while the twelfth to sixteenth sessions (1551–52) were overseen by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_III" title="Pope Julius III">Pope Julius III</a> and the seventeenth to twenty-fifth sessions (1562–63) by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pope Pius IV</a>. More than three hundred years passed until the next ecumenical council, the <a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a>, was convened in 1869. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_information">Background information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obstacles_and_events_before_the_Council's_problem_area"><span id="Obstacles_and_events_before_the_Council.27s_problem_area"></span>Obstacles and events before the Council's problem area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Obstacles and events before the Council's problem area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Pope_Paul_III_Farnese_(by_Titian)_-_National_Museum_of_Capodimonte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Portrait_of_Pope_Paul_III_Farnese_%28by_Titian%29_-_National_Museum_of_Capodimonte.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Pope_Paul_III_Farnese_%28by_Titian%29_-_National_Museum_of_Capodimonte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Portrait_of_Pope_Paul_III_Farnese_%28by_Titian%29_-_National_Museum_of_Capodimonte.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Pope_Paul_III_Farnese_%28by_Titian%29_-_National_Museum_of_Capodimonte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Portrait_of_Pope_Paul_III_Farnese_%28by_Titian%29_-_National_Museum_of_Capodimonte.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Pope_Paul_III_Farnese_%28by_Titian%29_-_National_Museum_of_Capodimonte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2922" data-file-height="3813" /></a><figcaption>Pope Paul III, convener of the Council of Trent, portrait by <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a> (1543)</figcaption></figure> <p>On 15 March 1517, the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fifth Council of the Lateran">Fifth Council of the Lateran</a> closed its activities with a number of reform proposals (on the selection of bishops, taxation, censorship and preaching) but not on the new major problems that confronted the Church in Germany and other parts of Europe. A few months later, on 31 October 1517, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> issued his <i><a href="/wiki/Ninety-five_Theses" title="Ninety-five Theses">95 Theses</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Wittenberg" title="Wittenberg">Wittenberg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_general,_free_council_in_Germany"><span id="A_general.2C_free_council_in_Germany"></span>A general, free council in Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: A general, free council in Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luther's position on ecumenical councils shifted over time,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in 1520 he appealed to the German princes to oppose the papal Church at the time, if necessary with a council in Germany,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> open and free of the Papacy. After the Pope condemned in <i><a href="/wiki/Exsurge_Domine" title="Exsurge Domine">Exsurge Domine</a></i> fifty-two of Luther's theses as <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a>, German opinion considered a council the best method to reconcile existing differences. German Catholics, diminished in number, hoped for a council to clarify matters.<sup id="cite_ref-Jedin_81_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jedin_81-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It took a generation for the council to materialise, partly due to papal fears over potentially renewing a schism over <a href="/wiki/Conciliarism" title="Conciliarism">conciliarism</a>; partly because Lutherans demanded the exclusion of the papacy from the council; partly because of ongoing political rivalries between France and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>; and partly due to the Turkish dangers in the Mediterranean.<sup id="cite_ref-Jedin_81_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jedin_81-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-treccani_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a> (1523–34), mutinous troops many of whom were <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> belonging to the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(1527)" title="Sack of Rome (1527)">sacked Papal Rome</a> in 1527, "raping, killing, burning, stealing, the like had not been seen since the <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>". <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Basilica">Saint Peter's Basilica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> were used for horses.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pope Clement, fearful of the potential for more violence, delayed calling the council.<sup id="cite_ref-treccani_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treccani-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles V strongly favoured a council but needed the support of <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">King Francis I</a> of France, who attacked him militarily. Francis I generally opposed a general council due to partial support of the Protestant cause within France. Charles' younger brother <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand of Austria</a>, who ruled a huge swath of territory in central Europe, agreed in 1532 to the <a href="/wiki/Schmalkaldic_League#Nuremberg_Religious_Peace" title="Schmalkaldic League">Nuremberg Religious Peace</a> granting religious liberty to the Protestants, and in 1533 he further complicated matters when suggesting a general council to include both Catholic and Protestant rulers of Europe that would devise a compromise between the two theological systems. This proposal met the opposition of the Pope for it gave recognition to Protestants and also elevated the secular Princes of Europe above the clergy on church matters. Faced with a Turkish attack, Charles held the support of the Protestant German rulers, all of whom delayed the opening of the Council of Trent.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occasion,_sessions,_and_attendance"><span id="Occasion.2C_sessions.2C_and_attendance"></span>Occasion, sessions, and attendance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Occasion, sessions, and attendance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Council_of_Trent_by_Pasquale_Cati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Council_of_Trent_by_Pasquale_Cati.jpg/220px-Council_of_Trent_by_Pasquale_Cati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Council_of_Trent_by_Pasquale_Cati.jpg/330px-Council_of_Trent_by_Pasquale_Cati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Council_of_Trent_by_Pasquale_Cati.jpg/440px-Council_of_Trent_by_Pasquale_Cati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1574" /></a><figcaption><i>Council of Trent</i>, depicted by <a href="/wiki/Pasquale_Cati" title="Pasquale Cati">Pasquale Cati</a> in 1588 (Cati da Iesi)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the to-and-fro of <a href="/wiki/Conciliarism" title="Conciliarism">medieval politics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_II" title="Pope Pius II">Pope Pius II</a>, in his bull <i><a href="/wiki/Execrabilis" title="Execrabilis">Execrabilis</a></i> (1460) and his reply to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">University of Cologne</a> (1463), had set aside the theory of the supremacy of general councils laid down by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Council of Constance</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had also called for <a href="/wiki/Frequens" title="Frequens">frequent ecumenical councils</a> every ten years to cope with the backlog of reform and heresies.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> had appealed for a general council, in response to the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Exsurge_Domine" title="Exsurge Domine">Exsurge Domine</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a> (1520). In 1522 German <a href="/wiki/Diet_(assembly)" title="Diet (assembly)">diets</a> joined in the appeal, with <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> seconding and pressing for a council as a means of reunifying the Church and settling the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a> controversies. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a> (1523–34) was vehemently against the idea of a council, agreeing with <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I of France</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sessions">Sessions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sessions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of the council is divided into three distinct periods: 1545–1549, 1551–1552 and 1562–1563. </p><p>The number of attending members in the three periods varied considerably.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council was small to begin with, opening with only about 30 bishops.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Malley,_29_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Malley,_29-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It increased toward the close, but never reached the number of the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> (which had 318 members)<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor of the <a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a> (which numbered 744). The decrees were signed in 1563 by 255 members, the highest attendance of the whole council,<sup id="cite_ref-O'Malley,_29_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Malley,_29-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including four papal legates, two cardinals, three patriarchs, twenty-five archbishops, and 168 bishops, two-thirds of whom were Italians. The Italian and Spanish prelates were vastly preponderant in power and numbers. At the passage of the most important decrees, not more than sixty prelates were present.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although most Protestants did not attend, ambassadors and theologians of Brandenburg, Württemberg, and Strasbourg attended having been granted an improved <a href="/wiki/Safe_conduct" title="Safe conduct">safe conduct</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pre-council">Pre-council</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pre-council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_III" title="Pope Paul III">Pope Paul III</a> (1534–1549), seeing that the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> was no longer confined to a few preachers, but had won over various princes, especially in Germany, to its ideas, desired a council. Yet when he proposed the idea to his <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinals</a>, it was almost unanimously opposed. Nonetheless, he sent <a href="/wiki/Nuncio" title="Nuncio">nuncios</a> throughout Europe to propose the idea. Paul III issued a decree for a general council to be held in <a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a>, Italy, to begin on 23 May 1537.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martin Luther wrote the <a href="/wiki/Smalcald_Articles" title="Smalcald Articles">Smalcald Articles</a> in preparation for the general council. The Smalcald Articles were designed to sharply define where the Lutherans could and could not compromise. The council was ordered by the Emperor and Pope Paul III to convene in Mantua on 23 May 1537. </p><p>It failed to convene after another war broke out between France and Charles V, resulting in a non-attendance of French <a href="/wiki/Prelate" title="Prelate">prelates</a>. Protestants refused to attend as well. Financial difficulties in Mantua led the Pope in the autumn of 1537 to move the council to <a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a>, where participation was poor. The council was postponed indefinitely on 21 May 1539. </p><p>Pope Paul III then initiated several internal Church reforms while Emperor Charles V convened with Protestants and Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Gasparo_Contarini" title="Gasparo Contarini">Gasparo Contarini</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Regensburg_(1541)" title="Diet of Regensburg (1541)">Diet of Regensburg</a>, to reconcile differences. Mediating and conciliatory formulations were developed on certain topics. In particular, a two-part doctrine of <i><a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)" title="Justification (theology)">justification</a></i> was formulated that would later be rejected at Trent.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unity failed between Catholic and Protestant representatives "because of different concepts of <i>Church</i> and <i>Justification</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_period">First period</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>However, the council was delayed until 1545 and, as it happened, convened right before Luther's death. Unable, however, to resist the urging of Charles V, the pope, after proposing Mantua as the place of meeting, convened the council at Trent (at that time ruled by a prince-bishop under the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 13 December 1545; the Pope's decision to transfer it to <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> in March 1547 on the pretext of avoiding a plague<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> failed to take effect and the council was indefinitely prorogued on 17 September 1549. None of the three popes reigning over the duration of the council ever attended, which had been a condition of Charles V. <a href="/wiki/Papal_legate" title="Papal legate">Papal legates</a> were appointed to represent the Papacy.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_period">Second period</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Second period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reopened at Trent on 1 May 1551 by the convocation of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_III" title="Pope Julius III">Pope Julius III</a> (1550–1555), it was broken up by the sudden victory of <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="Maurice, Elector of Saxony">Maurice, Elector of Saxony</a> over Emperor Charles V and his march into surrounding state of <a href="/wiki/German_Tyrol" title="German Tyrol">Tirol</a> on 28 April 1552.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was no hope of reassembling the council while the very <a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">anti-Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul IV">Paul IV</a> was Pope.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the second period, the Protestants present asked for a renewed discussion on points already defined and for bishops to be released from their oaths of allegiance to the Pope. When the last period began, all intentions of conciliating the Protestants was gone and the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> had become a strong force.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This last period was begun especially as an attempt to prevent the formation of a <a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France#Conciliation_policy" title="Francis II of France">general council including Protestants</a>, as had been demanded by some in France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Third_period">Third period</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Third period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The council was reconvened by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pope Pius IV</a> (1559–1565) for the last time, meeting from 18 January 1562 at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Maggiore,_Trento" title="Santa Maria Maggiore, Trento">Santa Maria Maggiore</a>, and continued until its final adjournment on 4 December 1563. It closed with a series of ritual acclamations honouring the reigning Pope, the Popes who had convoked the council, the emperor and the kings who had supported it, the papal legates, the cardinals, the ambassadors present, and the bishops, followed by acclamations of acceptance of the faith of the council and its decrees, and of anathema for all heretics.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French monarchy boycotted the entire council until the last minute when a delegation led by <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Cardinal_of_Lorraine" title="Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine">Charles de Guise, Cardinal of Lorraine</a> finally arrived in November 1562. The first outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion#The_"first"_war_(1562–1563)" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a> had occurred earlier in the year and the French Church, facing a significant and powerful Protestant minority in France, experienced <a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">iconoclasm</a> violence regarding the use of sacred images. Such concerns were not primary in the Italian and Spanish Churches. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The last-minute inclusion of a decree on sacred images was a French initiative, and the text, never discussed on the floor of the council or referred to council theologians, was based on a French draft.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objectives_and_overall_results">Objectives and overall results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Objectives and overall results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scale_of_justice,_canon_law.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scale of justice"><img alt="Scale of justice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/100px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/150px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg/200px-Scale_of_justice%2C_canon_law.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="182" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Category:Canon law of the Catholic Church">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law of the<br />Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><i>Ius vigens</i> (current law)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Omnium_in_mentem" title="Omnium in mentem">Omnium in mentem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnum_principium" title="Magnum principium">Magnum principium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_tuendam_fidem" title="Ad tuendam fidem">Ad tuendam fidem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_corde_Ecclesiae" title="Ex corde Ecclesiae">Ex corde Ecclesiae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indulgentiarum_Doctrina" title="Indulgentiarum Doctrina">Indulgentiarum Doctrina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praedicate_evangelium" title="Praedicate evangelium">Praedicate evangelium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veritatis_gaudium" title="Veritatis gaudium">Veritatis gaudium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Custom (Catholic canon law)">Custom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_nullity_trial_reforms_of_Pope_Francis" title="Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis">Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis</a></li> <li>Documents of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christus_Dominus" title="Christus Dominus">Christus Dominus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumen_gentium" title="Lumen gentium">Lumen gentium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Optatam_Totius" title="Optatam Totius">Optatam totius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orientalium_Ecclesiarum" title="Orientalium Ecclesiarum">Orientalium ecclesiarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Presbyterorum_Ordinis" title="Presbyterorum Ordinis">Presbyterorum ordinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum concilium</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precepts_of_the_Church" title="Precepts of the Church">Precepts of the Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Jus_antiquum" title="Jus antiquum">Jus antiquum</a></b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 33</span>-1140) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Church Orders">Ancient Church Orders</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Constitutions" title="Apostolic Constitutions">The Apostolic Constitutions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canons_of_the_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons of the Apostles">Canons of the Apostles</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_of_ancient_canons" title="Collections of ancient canons">Collections of ancient canons</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectiones_canonum_Dionysianae" title="Collectiones canonum Dionysianae">Collectiones canonum Dionysianae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_quadripartita" title="Collectio canonum quadripartita">Collectio canonum quadripartita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_Quesnelliana" title="Collectio canonum Quesnelliana">Collectio canonum Quesnelliana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collectio_canonum_Wigorniensis" title="Collectio canonum Wigorniensis">Collectio canonum Wigorniensis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelasian_Decree" title="Gelasian Decree">Gelasian Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmachian_forgeries" title="Symmachian forgeries">Symmachian forgeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Isidorian_Decretals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals">Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donation_of_Constantine" title="Donation of Constantine">Donation of Constantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Reform" title="Gregorian Reform">Gregorian Reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Lay investiture controversy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dictatus_papae" title="Dictatus papae">Dictatus papae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Libertas_ecclesiae" title="Libertas ecclesiae">Libertas ecclesiae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plenitudo_potestatis" title="Plenitudo potestatis">Plenitudo potestatis</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus novum</b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1140</span>-1563) </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Canonici" title="Corpus Juris Canonici">Corpus Juris Canonici</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum Gratiani</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretist" title="Decretist">Decretist</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canon_Episcopi" title="Canon Episcopi">Canon Episcopi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaritae" title="Margaritae">Margaritae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_commune" title="Jus commune">Jus commune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretales_Gregorii_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Decretales Gregorii IX">Decretals of Gregory IX</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretalist" title="Decretalist">Decretalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Regul%C3%A6_Juris#Catholic_canonical_use" title="Regulæ Juris">Regulæ Juris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extravagantes" title="Extravagantes">Extravagantes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Septimus" title="Liber Septimus">Liber Septimus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus novissimum</b></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1563</span>-1918) </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_Deus_(Pius_IV)" title="Benedictus Deus (Pius IV)"><i>Benedictus Deus</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tametsi" title="Tametsi">Tametsi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_Sedis_moderationi" title="Apostolicae Sedis moderationi">Apostolicae Sedis moderationi</a></i></li></ul> <p><i><b>Jus codicis</b></i> (1918-present) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1917_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1917 Code of Canon Law">1917 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiae_Sanctae" title="Ecclesiae Sanctae">Ecclesiae Sanctae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1983 Code of Canon Law">1983 <i>Code of Canon Law</i></a></li></ul> <p>Other </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Contractum_trinius" title="Contractum trinius">Contractum trinius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_judge-delegate" title="Papal judge-delegate">Papal judge-delegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_Option" title="Right of Option">Right of option</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_canon_law" title="Eastern Catholic canon law">Eastern law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Canons_of_the_Eastern_Churches" title="Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches">Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_canonical_reforms_of_Pius_XII" title="Eastern canonical reforms of Pius XII">Eastern Canonical Reforms of Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomocanon" title="Nomocanon">Nomocanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarch#Modern_Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Exarch">Exarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinariate_for_Eastern_Catholic_faithful" title="Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful">Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protosyncellus" title="Protosyncellus">Protosyncellus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Liturgical law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left">Latin Church <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Instruction_of_the_Roman_Missal" title="General Instruction of the Roman Missal">General Instruction of the Roman Missal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium" title="Sacrosanctum Concilium">Sacrosanctum Concilium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mysterii_Paschalis" title="Mysterii Paschalis">Mysterii Paschalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musicam_sacram" title="Musicam sacram">Musicam sacram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scripturarum_thesaurus" title="Scripturarum thesaurus">Scripturarum thesaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liturgiam_authenticam" title="Liturgiam authenticam">Liturgiam authenticam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quattuor_abhinc_annos" title="Quattuor abhinc annos">Quattuor abhinc annos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Dei" title="Ecclesia Dei">Ecclesia Dei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnum_principium" title="Magnum principium">Magnum principium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacramental law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_844" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 844"><i>Communicatio in sacris</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">Ex opere operato</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omnium_in_mentem" title="Omnium in mentem">Omnium in mentem</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">Validity and liceity</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments in the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy Orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediment (Catholic canon law)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstemius" title="Abstemius">Abstemius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defect_of_birth" class="mw-redirect" title="Defect of birth">Defect of birth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Obligation of celibacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">Nullity of Sacred Ordination</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_curae" title="Apostolicae curae">Apostolicae curae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimissorial_letters" title="Dimissorial letters">Dimissorial letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecrator#Catholic_Church" title="Consecrator">Episcopal consecrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Approbation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Approbation (Catholic canon law)">Approbation (Catholic canon law)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Confession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_canons" title="Penitential canons">Penitential canons</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paenitentiale_Theodori" title="Paenitentiale Theodori">Paenitentiale Theodori</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_Confessional_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the Confessional in the Catholic Church">Seal of the Confessional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_and_external_forum_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal and external forum (Catholic canon law)">Internal and external forum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Note_on_the_importance_of_the_internal_forum_and_the_inviolability_of_the_Sacramental_Seal" title="Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal">Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_penitentiary" title="Canon penitentiary">Canon penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complicit_absolution" title="Complicit absolution">Complicit absolution</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacramentum_Poenitentiae" title="Sacramentum Poenitentiae">Sacramentum Poenitentiae</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline#Catholic_practice" title="Eucharistic discipline">Eucharistic discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebret" title="Celebret">Celebret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_stipend" title="Mass stipend">Mass stipend</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Sacramental#Catholic" title="Sacramental">Sacramentals</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">Indulgence</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Indulgentiarum_doctrina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indulgentiarum doctrina">Indulgentiarum doctrina</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Sacred places </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar in the Catholic Church">Altars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor basilica">Minor basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_(worship)#Catholic_Church" title="Oratory (worship)">Oratory</a> (chapel)</li></ul> <p>Sacred times </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Fast days and abstinence</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paenitemini" title="Paenitemini">Paenitemini</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimonial law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>Canonical form (Latin Church) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tametsi" title="Tametsi">Tametsi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ne_Temere" title="Ne Temere">Ne Temere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Banns of marriage">Banns of marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">Declaration of Nullity</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_connubii" title="Dignitas connubii">Dignitas connubii</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_nullity_trial_reforms_of_Pope_Francis" title="Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis">Matrimonial Nullity Trial Reforms of Pope Francis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetitum" title="Vetitum">Vetitum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender of the Bond">Defender of the Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediments to Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Affinity (Catholic canon law)">Affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clandestinity_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Clandestinity (Catholic canon law)">Clandestinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_of_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Impediment of crime">Impediment of crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparity_of_cult" title="Disparity of cult">Disparity of cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligamen" title="Ligamen">Ligamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_propriety" title="Public propriety">Public propriety</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrimonial_dispensation" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrimonial dispensation">Matrimonial dispensation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ratum_sed_non_consummatum" title="Ratum sed non consummatum">Ratum sed non consummatum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Validation_of_marriage" title="Validation of marriage">Sanatio in radice</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_marriage" title="Natural marriage">Natural marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_privilege" title="Pauline privilege">Pauline privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_privilege" title="Petrine privilege">Petrine privilege</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Supreme authority, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">particular<br />churches</a>, and canonical structures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><b>Supreme authority of the Church</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Roman Pontiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Bishops" title="College of Bishops">College of Bishops</a></li></ul> <p><b>Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Conference of bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a></b> </p> <ul><li>Churches <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui juris</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li></ul></li> <li>Local particular churches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appointment_of_Catholic_bishops" title="Appointment of Catholic bishops">Appointment of bishops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_abbey" title="Territorial abbey">Abbacy <i>nullius</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicariate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_vicariate" title="Apostolic vicariate">Apostolic vicar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_administration" title="Apostolic administration">Apostolic administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_administration" title="Apostolic administration">Apostolic administrator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_(Roman_Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese (Roman Catholic)">Diocese/Archdiocese</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeque_principaliter" title="Aeque principaliter">Aeque principaliter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cathedraticum" title="Cathedraticum">Cathedraticum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_persona_episcopi" title="In persona episcopi">In persona episcopi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curia_(Catholic_Church)" title="Curia (Catholic Church)">Diocesan Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_curia" title="Moderator of the curia">Moderator of the Curia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_chancery#Catholic_dioceses" title="Diocesan chancery">Chancery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deanery" title="Deanery">Deanery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_forane" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar forane">Vicar forane</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curia_(Catholic_Church)#Patriarchal_curia" title="Curia (Catholic Church)">Eparchal curia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinariate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_sui_iuris" title="Mission sui iuris">Mission <i>sui juris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Personal ordinariate</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Anglicanorum Coetibus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Juridic persons</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parish_in_the_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish in the Catholic Church">Parish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Team_of_priests_in_solidum" title="Team of priests in solidum">Team of priests <i>in solidum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_church" title="Collegiate church">Collegiate church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_register" title="Parish register">Parish register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusteeism" title="Trusteeism">Lay trusteeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Pontifical council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_prelature" title="Personal prelature">Personal prelature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_membership_of_Opus_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of membership of Opus Dei">Types of membership of Opus Dei</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Association of the Christian faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_general" title="Vicar general">Vicar general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquennial_visit_ad_limina" title="Quinquennial visit ad limina">Quinquennial visit ad limina</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Jurisprudence of Catholic canon law">Jurisprudence</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_coronation" title="Canonical coronation">Canonical coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canonically_crowned_images" title="List of canonically crowned images">Canonically crowned images</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computation_of_time_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Computation of time (Catholic canon law)">Computation of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Custom (Catholic canon law)">Custom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delegata_potestas_non_potest_delegari" title="Delegata potestas non potest delegari">Delegata potestas non potest delegari</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derogation" title="Derogation">Derogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispensation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Dispensation (Catholic canon law)">Dispensation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taxa_Innocentiana" title="Taxa Innocentiana">Taxa Innocentiana</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_faculties_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical faculties (Catholic canon law)">Faculty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indult" title="Indult">Indult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impediment_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Impediment (Catholic canon law)">Impediment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Donation (Catholic canon law)">Donation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Interpretation (Catholic canon law)">Interpretation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Legislative_Texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts">Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_jurisdiction" title="Ecclesiastical jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peritus" title="Peritus">Peritus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obreption_and_subreption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Obreption and subreption (Catholic canon law)">Obreption & subreption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obrogation" title="Obrogation">Obrogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promulgation_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Promulgation (Catholic canon law)">Promulgation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_renunciation" title="Papal renunciation">Resignation of the Roman Pontiff</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sede_vacante" title="Sede vacante">Sede vacante</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simony#Catholic_Church" title="Simony">Simony</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vacatio_legis" title="Vacatio legis">Vacatio legis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Validity_and_liceity_(Catholic_Church)" title="Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)">Validity and liceity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_visitation" title="Canonical visitation">Visitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_visitor" title="Apostolic visitor">Apostolic visitor</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Law" title="Treatise on Law">Treatise on Law</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Determinatio" title="Determinatio">Determinatio</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Temporal goods (property)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benefice#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Benefice">Benefice</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cathedraticum" title="Cathedraticum">Cathedraticum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Contract (Catholic canon law)">Contract law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_stipend" title="Mass stipend">Mass stipend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altarage" title="Altarage">Stole fee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporalities" title="Temporalities">Temporalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Law of persons</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Person (Catholic canon law)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_act_of_defection_from_the_Catholic_Church" title="Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church">Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Canonical age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_emancipation" title="Ecclesiastical emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exemption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Exemption (Catholic canon law)">Exemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heresy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Heresy in the Catholic Church">Heresy</a></li></ul> <p>Clerics </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_clergy" title="Secular clergy">Secular clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_clergy" title="Regular clergy">Regular clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Obligation of celibacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_priests_in_public_office" title="Catholic priests in public office">Clerics and public office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incardination_and_excardination" title="Incardination and excardination">Incardination and excardination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">Laicization (dispensation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_faculties_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical faculties (Catholic canon law)">Canonical faculties</a></li></ul> <p>Office </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_provision" title="Canonical provision">Canonical provision</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_election" title="Canonical election">Canonical election</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/Person_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Person (Catholic canon law)">Juridic and physical persons</a> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_patronatus" title="Jus patronatus">Jus patronatus</a></i></li></ul> <p><br /><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations of the faithful</a> </p> <br /><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Canonical documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Sanctae_Sedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acta Sanctae Sedis">Acta Sanctae Sedis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">Censor librorum</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">Imprimatur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimi_potest" title="Imprimi potest">Imprimi potest</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notary_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Notary (Catholic canon law)">Notary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protonotary_apostolic" title="Protonotary apostolic">Protonotary apostolic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_constitution" title="Apostolic constitution">Apostolic constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(canon_law)" title="Canon (canon law)">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decree_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Decree (Catholic canon law)">Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decretal" title="Decretal">Decretal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Encyclical</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">Motu proprio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinance_(canon_law)#Catholic_Church" title="Ordinance (canon law)">Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_brief" title="Papal brief">Papal brief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential" title="Penitential">Penitential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_positive_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical positive law">Positive law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_rescripts" title="Papal rescripts">Rescript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_register" title="Parish register">Parish register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Penal law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_1324" title="Canon 1324">Canon 1324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_1397_%C2%A72" title="Canon 1397 §2">Canon 1397 §2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censure_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Censure (Catholic canon law)">Censure (Catholic canon law)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_delictis_gravioribus" title="De delictis gravioribus">De delictis gravioribus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complicit_absolution" title="Complicit absolution">Complicit absolution</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crimen_sollicitationis" title="Crimen sollicitationis">Crimen sollicitationis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excommunication_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excommunication (Catholic Church)">Excommunication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_excommunicable_offences_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church">List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church">List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cardinals_excommunicated_by_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church">List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdict" title="Interdict">Interdict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">Laicization (penal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latae_sententiae_and_ferendae_sententiae" title="Latae sententiae and ferendae sententiae"><i>Latae sententiae</i> and <i>ferendae sententiae</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_prayer_and_penance" title="Life of prayer and penance">Lifetime of prayer and penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_admonitions" title="Canonical admonitions">Canonical admonitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_prison" title="Ecclesiastical prison">Ecclesiastical prison</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Procedural law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><i>Pars statica</i> (tribunals & ministers/parties) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court#Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical court">Tribunals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Signatura" title="Apostolic Signatura">Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Tribunal of the Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary" title="Apostolic Penitentiary">Apostolic Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ministers of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_vicar" title="Judicial vicar">Judicial Vicar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Official#Ecclesiastical_judiciary" title="Official">Officialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_(ecclesiastical)" title="Auditor (ecclesiastical)">Auditor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Parties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Defender of the Bond">Defender of the Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procurator_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Procurator (Catholic canon law)">Procurator</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i>Pars dynamica</i> (trial procedure) </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_connubii" title="Dignitas connubii">Dignitas connubii</a></i> (matrimonial causes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_as_from_an_abuse" title="Appeal as from an abuse">Appeal as from an abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presumption_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Presumption (Catholic canon law)">Presumption</a></li> <li>Penal procedure <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vos_estis_lux_mundi" title="Vos estis lux mundi">Vos estis lux mundi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Canonization#Catholic_Church" title="Canonization">Canonization</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiorem_hac_dilectionem" title="Maiorem hac dilectionem">Maiorem hac dilectionem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate"><i>Advocatus Diaboli</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oblatio_vitae" title="Oblatio vitae">Oblatio vitae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Positio" title="Positio">Positio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatification_and_canonization_process_in_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatification and canonization process in 1914">Beatification and canonization process in 1914</a></li></ul> <p>Election of the Roman Pontiff </p> <ul><li>Current law <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Universi_Dominici_gregis" title="Universi Dominici gregis">Universi Dominici gregis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_renunciation" title="Papal renunciation">Papal renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_election_reforms_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Papal election reforms of Pope Benedict XVI">Reforms of Pope Benedict XVI</a></li></ul></li> <li>Historical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cum_proxime" title="Cum proxime">Cum proxime</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jus_exclusivae" title="Jus exclusivae">Jus exclusivae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_appointment" title="Papal appointment">Papal appointment</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeterni_Patris_Filius" title="Aeterni Patris Filius">Aeterni Patris Filius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romano_Pontifici_eligendo" title="Romano Pontifici eligendo">Romano Pontifici eligendo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ingravescentem_aetatem" title="Ingravescentem aetatem">Ingravescentem aetatem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ubi_periculum" title="Ubi periculum">Ubi periculum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quia_propter" title="Quia propter">Quia propter</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legal practice and scholarship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canon_law_legal_abbreviations_(Catholic_canon_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of canon law legal abbreviations (Catholic canon law)">List of legal abbreviations</a></li></ul> <p>Academic degrees </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licentiate_of_Canon_Law" title="Licentiate of Canon Law">Licentiate of Canon Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Canon Law">Doctor of Canon Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_both_laws" title="Doctor of both laws">Doctor of both laws</a></li></ul> <p>Journals and Professional Societies </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Law_Society_of_America" title="Canon Law Society of America">Canon Law Society of America</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jurist_(journal)" title="The Jurist (journal)">The Jurist</a></i></li></ul> <p>Faculties of canon law </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Canon_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Canon Law">School of Canon Law</a></li></ul> <p>Canonists </p> <ul><li>Medieval <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Gratian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Segusio" title="Henry of Segusio">Hostiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lemoine" title="Jean Lemoine">Jean Lemoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_of_Penyafort" title="Raymond of Penyafort">Raymond of Penyafort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufinus_(decretist)" title="Rufinus (decretist)">Rufinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Teutonicus_Zemeke" title="Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke">Johannes Teutonicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Trani" title="Geoffrey of Trani">Geoffrey of Trani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burchard_of_Worms" title="Burchard of Worms">Burchard of Worms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brocard_(law)" title="Brocard (law)">Brocard</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Modern & Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Corecco" title="Eugenio Corecco">Eugenio Corecco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Faris" title="John D. Faris">John D. Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Gasparri" title="Pietro Gasparri">Pietro Gasparri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladislas_Orsy" title="Ladislas Orsy">Ladislas Orsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Peters" title="Edward N. Peters">Edward N. Peters</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Law of <a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">consecrated life</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_vow" title="Solemn vow">Solemn vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclaustration" title="Exclaustration">Exclaustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifestation_of_Conscience" class="mw-redirect" title="Manifestation of Conscience">Manifestation of Conscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_erection_of_a_house_of_religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical erection of a house of religious">Canonical erection of a house of religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_right" title="Pontifical right">Pontifical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_diocesan_right" title="Congregation of diocesan right">Diocesan right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Institutes_of_Consecrated_Life_and_Societies_of_Apostolic_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life">Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_consecrated_life" title="Institute of consecrated life">Institute of consecrated life</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">Congregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism#Roman_Catholicism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons regular">Canons regular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant_orders" title="Mendicant orders">Mendicant orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerics_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerics regular">Clerics regular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_institute" title="Secular institute">Secular institute</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cum_Sanctissimus" title="Cum Sanctissimus">Cum Sanctissimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Primo_Feliciter" title="Primo Feliciter">Primo Feliciter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Provida_Mater_Ecclesia" title="Provida Mater Ecclesia">Provida Mater Ecclesia</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">Society of apostolic life</a> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Decretum_laudis" title="Decretum laudis">Decretum laudis</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_canon_law" title="Template:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_canon_law" title="Template talk:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_canon_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic canon law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The main objectives of the council were twofold: </p> <ol><li>To condemn the principles and doctrines of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> and to clarify the doctrines of the Catholic Church on all disputed points. This had not been done formally since the 1530 <i><a href="/wiki/Confutatio_Augustana" title="Confutatio Augustana">Confutatio Augustana</a></i>. It is true that the emperor intended it to be a strictly general or truly ecumenical council, at which the Protestants should have a fair hearing. He secured, during the council's second period, 1551–1553, an invitation, twice given, to the Protestants to be present and the council issued a letter of safe conduct (thirteenth session) and offered them the right of discussion, but denied them a vote. <a href="/wiki/Melanchthon" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanchthon">Melanchthon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brenz" title="Johannes Brenz">Johannes Brenz</a>, with some other German Lutherans, actually started in 1552 on the journey to Trent. Brenz offered a confession and Melanchthon, who got no farther than <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, took with him the <i>Confessio Saxonica</i>. But the refusal to give the Protestants the vote and the consternation produced by the success of <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="Maurice, Elector of Saxony">Maurice</a> in his campaign against Charles V in 1552 effectually put an end to Protestant cooperation.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>To effect a reformation in <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">discipline or administration</a>. This object had been one of the causes calling forth the reformatory councils and had been lightly touched upon by the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fifth Council of the Lateran">Fifth Council of the Lateran</a> under <a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_II" title="Pope Julius II">Pope Julius II</a>. The obvious corruption in the administration of the Church was one of the numerous causes of the Reformation. Twenty-five public sessions were held, but nearly half of them were spent in solemn formalities. The chief work was done in committees or congregations. The entire management was in the hands of the papal legate. The liberal elements lost out in the debates and voting. The council abolished some of the most notorious abuses and introduced or recommended disciplinary reforms affecting the sale of <a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">indulgences</a>, the morals of convents, the education of the clergy, the non-residence of bishops (also bishops having plurality of <a href="/wiki/Benefice" title="Benefice">benefices</a>, which was fairly common), and the careless <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fulmination" class="extiw" title="wikt:fulmination">fulmination</a> of <a href="/wiki/Censure" title="Censure">censures</a>, and forbade duelling. Although evangelical sentiments were uttered by some of the members in favour of the supreme authority of the Scriptures and justification by faith, no concession whatsoever was made to Protestantism, according to a Protestant source.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Specific issues that were discussed included: </p> <ul><li>The Church as the ultimate interpreter of Scripture.<sup id="cite_ref-CCC_85_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCC_85-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the Bible and <a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">church tradition</a> (the tradition that composed part of the Catholic faith) were equally and independently authoritative.</li> <li>The relationship of faith and <a href="/wiki/Good_works" title="Good works">works</a> in salvation was defined, following controversy over <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>'s doctrine of "<a href="/wiki/Sola_fide" title="Sola fide">justification by faith alone</a>".</li> <li>Other Catholic practices that had drawn the ire of reformers within the Church, such as <a href="/wiki/Indulgences" class="mw-redirect" title="Indulgences">indulgences</a>, pilgrimages, the veneration of <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a> and <a href="/wiki/Relics" class="mw-redirect" title="Relics">relics</a>, and the veneration of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> were strongly reaffirmed, though abuses of them were forbidden. Decrees concerning <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation#Church_music" title="Counter-Reformation">sacred music</a> and religious art, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_art#Council_of_Trent" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church art">though inexplicit, were subsequently amplified</a> by theologians and writers to condemn many types of Renaissance and medieval styles and <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconographies</a>, impacting heavily on the development of these art forms.</li></ul> <p>The doctrinal decisions of the council were set forth in decrees (<i>decreta</i>), which are divided into chapters (<i>capita</i>), which contain the positive statement of the conciliar <a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">dogmas</a>, and into short canons (<i>canones</i>), which condemn incorrect views (often a Protestant-associated notion stated in an extreme form) with the concluding <i>anathema sit</i> ("let him be <a href="/wiki/Anathema" title="Anathema">anathema</a>" i.e., excluded from the society of the faithful).<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The consequences of the council were also significant with regard to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Church's liturgy</a> and practices. In its decrees, the council made the Latin <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> the official biblical text of the Roman Church (without prejudice to the original texts in Hebrew and Greek, nor to other traditional translations of the Church, but favoring the Latin language over vernacular translations, such as the controversial English-language <a href="/wiki/Tyndale_Bible" title="Tyndale Bible">Tyndale Bible</a>). In doing so, they commissioned the creation of a revised and standardized Vulgate in light of textual criticism, although this was not achieved until the 1590s. The council also officially affirmed the traditional Catholic Canon of biblical books, which was identical to the canon of Scripture issued by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Rome" title="Council of Rome">Council of Rome</a> under Pope Damasus in 382.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was in response to the increasing Protestant exclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">deuterocanonical books</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former <a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">dogmatic</a> affirmation of the Canonical books was at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Council of Florence</a> in the 1441 bull <i>Cantate Domino</i>, as affirmed by Pope Leo XIII in his 1893 encyclical <i><a href="/wiki/Providentissimus_Deus" title="Providentissimus Deus">Providentissimus Deus</a></i> (#20). In 1565, a year after the Council finished its work, Pius IV issued the Tridentine Creed (after <i>Tridentum</i>, Trent's Latin name) and his successor <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a> then issued the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catechism" title="Roman Catechism">Roman Catechism</a> and revisions of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Breviary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Missal</a> in, respectively, 1566, 1568 and 1570. These, in turn, led to the codification of the <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a>, which remained the Church's primary form of the Mass for the next four hundred years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decrees">Decrees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Decrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WAF_im_Landesmuseum_Z%C3%BCrich_64.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/WAF_im_Landesmuseum_Z%C3%BCrich_64.jpg/220px-WAF_im_Landesmuseum_Z%C3%BCrich_64.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/WAF_im_Landesmuseum_Z%C3%BCrich_64.jpg/330px-WAF_im_Landesmuseum_Z%C3%BCrich_64.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/WAF_im_Landesmuseum_Z%C3%BCrich_64.jpg/440px-WAF_im_Landesmuseum_Z%C3%BCrich_64.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="3357" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The doctrinal acts are as follows: </p><p>After reaffirming the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</a> (third session), the <a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Trent" title="Canon of Trent">decree</a> was passed (fourth session) confirming that the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">deuterocanonical books</a> were on a par with the other books of the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">canon</a> (against Luther's placement of these books in the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Luther_Bible" title="Luther Bible">his edition</a>) and coordinating church tradition with the Scriptures as a rule of faith. The <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> translation was affirmed to be authoritative for the text of Scripture.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)" title="Justification (theology)">Justification</a> (sixth session) was declared to be offered upon the basis of human cooperation with divine grace<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Synergism" title="Synergism">synergism</a>) as opposed to the typical Protestant doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Irresistible_grace" title="Irresistible grace">passive reception of grace</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monergism" title="Monergism">monergism</a>). Understanding the Protestant "<a href="/wiki/Sola_fide" title="Sola fide">faith alone</a>" doctrine to be one of simple human confidence in <a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Mercy">Divine Mercy</a>, the Council rejected the "<a href="/wiki/Preservation_of_the_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Preservation of the saints">vain confidence</a>" of the Protestants, stating that no one can know infallibly who has received the grace of final perseverance apart from receiving a special revelation. Furthermore, the Council affirmed—against some Protestants—that the grace of God can be forfeited through <a href="/wiki/Mortal_sin" title="Mortal sin">mortal sin</a>. </p><p>The greatest weight in the council's decrees is given to the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacraments</a>. The seven sacraments were reaffirmed and the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> pronounced to be a true propitiatory sacrifice as well as a sacrament, in which the bread and wine were <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecrated</a> into the Eucharist (thirteenth and twenty-second sessions). The term <a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">transubstantiation</a> was used by the council, but the specific <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotelian</a> explanation given by <a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a> was not cited as dogmatic. Instead, the decree states that <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Christ</a> is "really, truly, substantially present" in the consecrated forms. The sacrifice of the <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> was to be offered for dead and living alike and in giving to the apostles the command "do this in remembrance of me," Christ conferred upon them a <a href="/wiki/Sacerdotal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacerdotal">sacerdotal</a> power. The practice of withholding the cup from the laity was confirmed (twenty-first session) as one which the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> had commanded for good and sufficient reasons; yet in certain cases the Pope was made the supreme arbiter as to whether the rule should be strictly maintained.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Holy_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Orders">Ordination</a> (twenty-third session) was defined to imprint an <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_character" title="Sacramental character">indelible character</a> on the soul. The priesthood of the New Testament takes the place of the Levitical priesthood. To the performance of its functions, the consent of the people is not necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the decrees on marriage (twenty-fourth session) the excellence of the <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">celibate</a> state was reaffirmed, concubinage condemned and the validity of marriage made dependent upon the wedding taking place before a priest and two witnesses, although the lack of a requirement for parental consent ended a debate that had proceeded from the 12th century. In the case of a <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a>, the right of the innocent party to marry again was denied so long as the other party was alive,<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even if the other party had committed adultery. However the council "refused … to assert the necessity or usefulness of <a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerical celibacy (Catholic Church)">clerical celibacy</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-O'Malley,_31_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Malley,_31-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (February 2019)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Council_of_Trent#Dubious" title="Talk:Council of Trent">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the twenty-fifth and last session,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the doctrines of <a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">purgatory</a>, the invocation of <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a> and the veneration of <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a> were reaffirmed, as was also the efficacy of indulgences as dispensed by the Church according to the power given her, but with some cautionary recommendations,<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a ban on the sale of indulgences. Short and rather inexplicit passages concerning religious images, were to have <a href="/wiki/The_Reformation_and_art#Council_of_Trent" class="mw-redirect" title="The Reformation and art">great impact</a> on the development of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church art">Catholic Church art</a>. Much more than the <a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a> (787), the Council fathers of Trent stressed the pedagogical purpose of Christian images.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Practical">Practical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Practical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the language of the Mass, "contrary to what is often said", the council condemned the insistence that only vernacular languages must be used, while affirming on the use of Latin for the <a href="/wiki/Roman_rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman rite">Roman rite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Malley,_31_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Malley,_31-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, elements of the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass#Vernacular_and_laity_in_the_medieval_and_Reformation_eras" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Prône</a>, the vernacular <a href="/wiki/Catholic_catechesis" title="Catholic catechesis">catechetical</a> preaching service common in the medieval High Mass (and some extra-liturgical situations)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> became mandatory for Sundays and feast days (fifth session, chapter 2).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 728">: 728 </span></sup> </p><p>The council appointed, in 1562 (eighteenth session), a commission to prepare a list of forbidden books (<i><a href="/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</a></i>), but it later left the matter to the Pope. The preparation of a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catechism" title="Roman Catechism">catechism</a> and the revision of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Breviary" title="Roman Breviary">Breviary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missal" title="Missal">Missal</a> were also left to the pope.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The catechism embodied the council's far-reaching results, including reforms and definitions of the sacraments, the Scriptures, church dogma, and duties of the clergy.<sup id="cite_ref-World_History_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_History-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratification_and_promulgation">Ratification and promulgation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ratification and promulgation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On adjourning, the Council asked the supreme pontiff to ratify all its decrees and definitions. This petition was complied with by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pope Pius IV</a>, on 26 January 1564, in the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_Deus_(Pius_IV)" title="Benedictus Deus (Pius IV)">Benedictus Deus</a></i>, which enjoins strict obedience upon all Catholics and forbids, under pain of <a href="/wiki/Ex-communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex-communication">ex-communication</a>, all unauthorised interpretation, reserving this to the Pope alone and threatens the disobedient with "the indignation of Almighty God and of his blessed apostles, Peter and Paul." Pope Pius appointed a commission of cardinals to assist him in interpreting and enforcing the decrees.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</a></i> was announced in 1564 and the following books were issued with the papal <a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">imprimatur</a>: the Profession of the Tridentine Faith and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catechism" title="Roman Catechism">Tridentine Catechism</a> (1566), the Breviary (1568), the Missal (1570) and the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> (1590 and then 1592).<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decrees of the council were acknowledged in Italy, Portugal, Poland and by the Catholic princes of Germany at the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Augsburg" title="Diet of Augsburg">Diet of Augsburg</a> in 1566. <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> accepted them for Spain, the Netherlands and Sicily inasmuch as they did not infringe the royal prerogative. In France, they were officially recognised by the king only in their doctrinal parts. Although the disciplinary or moral reformatory decrees were never published by the throne, they received official recognition at provincial synods and were enforced by the bishops. Holy Roman Emperors <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a> never recognized the existence of any of the decrees.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No attempt was made to introduce it into England. Pius IV sent the decrees to <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>, with a letter dated 13 June 1564, requesting that she publish them in Scotland, but she dared not do it in the face of <a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a> and the Reformation.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These decrees were later supplemented by the <a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a> of 1870. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publication_of_documents">Publication of documents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Publication of documents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A comprehensive history is found in <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Jedin" title="Hubert Jedin">Hubert Jedin</a>'s <i>The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient)</i> with about 2,500 pages in four volumes: <i>The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council</i> (Vol I, 1951); <i>The History of the Council of Trent: The first Sessions in Trent (1545–1547)</i> (Vol II, 1957); <i>The History of the Council of Trent: Sessions in Bologna 1547–1548 and Trento 1551–1552</i> (Vol III, 1970, 1998); <i>The History of the Council of Trent: Third Period and Conclusion</i> (Vol IV, 1976). </p><p>The canons and decrees of the council have been published very often and in many languages. The first issue was by <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Manutius" title="Paulus Manutius">Paulus Manutius</a> (Rome, 1564). Commonly used Latin editions are by Judocus Le Plat (Antwerp, 1779) and by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_von_Schulte" title="Johann Friedrich von Schulte">Johann Friedrich von Schulte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aemilius_Ludwig_Richter" title="Aemilius Ludwig Richter">Aemilius Ludwig Richter</a> (Leipzig, 1853). Other editions are in vol. vii. of the <i>Acta et decreta conciliorum recentiorum. Collectio Lacensis</i> (7 vols., Freiburg, 1870–90), reissued as independent volume (1892); <i>Concilium Tridentinum: Diariorum, actorum, epistularum, … collectio</i>, ed. Sebastianus Merkle (4 vols., Freiburg, 1901 sqq.); as well as <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Mansi" title="Giovanni Domenico Mansi">Mansi</a>, <i>Concilia</i>, xxxv. 345 sqq. Note also <a href="/wiki/Carl_Mirbt" title="Carl Mirbt">Carl Mirbt</a>, <i>Quellen</i>, 2d ed, pp. 202–255. An English edition is by <a href="/wiki/James_Waterworth" title="James Waterworth">James Waterworth</a> (London, 1848; <i>With Essays on the External and Internal History of the Council</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original acts and debates of the council, as prepared by its general secretary, Bishop <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Massarelli" title="Angelo Massarelli">Angelo Massarelli</a>, in six large folio volumes, are deposited in the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Vatican Library</a> and remained there unpublished for more than 300 years and were brought to light, though only in part, by <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Theiner" title="Augustin Theiner">Augustin Theiner</a>, priest of the oratory (d. 1874), in <i>Acta genuina sancti et oecumenici Concilii Tridentini nunc primum integre edita</i> (2 vols., Leipzig, 1874).<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the official documents and private reports, however, which bear upon the council, were made known in the 16th century and since. The most complete collection of them is that of J. Le Plat, <i>Monumentorum ad historicam Concilii Tridentini collectio</i> (7 vols., Leuven, 1781–87). New materials (Vienna, 1872); by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Joseph_Ignaz_von_D%C3%B6llinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Joseph Ignaz von Döllinger">JJI von Döllinger</a> (<i>Ungedruckte Berichte und Tagebücher zur Geschichte des Concilii von Trient</i>, 2 parts, Nördlingen, 1876); and <a href="/wiki/August_von_Druffel" title="August von Druffel">August von Druffel</a>, <i>Monumenta Tridentina</i> (Munich, 1884–97).<sup id="cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_doctrinal_decrees">List of doctrinal decrees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: List of doctrinal decrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Decree</th><th>Session</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Canons</th> <th>Chapters </th></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">The Holy Scriptures</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>8 April 1546</td> <td>none</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></td> <td>5</td> <td>7 June 1546</td> <td>5</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)" title="Justification (theology)">Justification</a></td> <td>6</td> <td>13 January 1547</td> <td>33</td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a></td> <td>7</td> <td>3 March 1547</td> <td>13</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></td> <td>7</td> <td>3 March 1547</td> <td>14</td> <td>none </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></td> <td>7</td> <td>4 March 1547</td> <td>3</td> <td>none </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holy_Eucharist" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Eucharist">Holy Eucharist</a></td> <td>13</td> <td>11 October 1551</td> <td>11</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></td> <td>14</td> <td>15 November 1551</td> <td>15</td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointing of the Sick (Catholic Church)">Extreme Unction</a></td> <td>14</td> <td>4 November 1551</td> <td>4</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Matrimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrimony">Matrimony</a></td> <td>24</td> <td>11 November 1563</td> <td>12</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr><td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cult_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cult (religion)">Cults</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">Relics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation#Decrees_on_art" title="Counter-Reformation">Images</a></li></ul></div></td> <td>25</td> <td>4 December 1563</td> <td>none</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">Indulgences</a></td> <td>25</td> <td>4 December 1563</td> <td>none</td> <td>1 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protestant_response">Protestant response</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Protestant response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vera_effigies_D._Didaci_Payua_d%27Andrade_(1603)_-_Pieter_Perret_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vera_effigies_D._Didaci_Payua_d%27Andrade_%281603%29_-_Pieter_Perret_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Vera_effigies_D._Didaci_Payua_d%27Andrade_%281603%29_-_Pieter_Perret_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vera_effigies_D._Didaci_Payua_d%27Andrade_%281603%29_-_Pieter_Perret_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Vera_effigies_D._Didaci_Payua_d%27Andrade_%281603%29_-_Pieter_Perret_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vera_effigies_D._Didaci_Payua_d%27Andrade_%281603%29_-_Pieter_Perret_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Vera_effigies_D._Didaci_Payua_d%27Andrade_%281603%29_-_Pieter_Perret_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="631" /></a><figcaption>Andrada, a Catholic</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chemnitz,_Martin_(1522-1586).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chemnitz%2C_Martin_%281522-1586%29.jpg/220px-Chemnitz%2C_Martin_%281522-1586%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chemnitz%2C_Martin_%281522-1586%29.jpg/330px-Chemnitz%2C_Martin_%281522-1586%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chemnitz%2C_Martin_%281522-1586%29.jpg/440px-Chemnitz%2C_Martin_%281522-1586%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="1756" /></a><figcaption>Chemnitz, a Lutheran</figcaption></figure> <p>Out of 87 books written between 1546 and 1564 attacking the Council of Trent, 41 were written by <a href="/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Vergerio" title="Pier Paolo Vergerio">Pier Paolo Vergerio</a>, a former papal nuncio turned Protestant Reformer.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1565–73 <i>Examen decretorum Concilii Tridentini</i><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i><a href="/wiki/Examination_of_the_Council_of_Trent" title="Examination of the Council of Trent">Examination of the Council of Trent</a></i>) by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz" title="Martin Chemnitz">Martin Chemnitz</a> was the main Lutheran response to the Council of Trent.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Making extensive use of scripture and patristic sources, it was presented in response to a polemical writing which <a href="/wiki/Diogo_de_Payva_de_Andrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Diogo de Payva de Andrada">Diogo de Payva de Andrada</a> had directed against Chemnitz.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Examen</i> had four parts: Volume I examined sacred scripture,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> free will, original sin, justification, and good works. Volume II examined the sacraments,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including baptism, confirmation, the sacrament of the Eucharist,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> communion under both kinds, the Mass, penance, extreme unction, holy orders, and matrimony. Volume III examined virginity, celibacy, purgatory, and the invocation of saints.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volume IV examined the relics of the saints, images, indulgences, fasting, the distinction of foods, and festivals.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response, Andrada wrote the five-part <i><a href="/wiki/Defensio_Tridentin%C3%A6_fidei" title="Defensio Tridentinæ fidei">Defensio Tridentinæ fidei</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was published posthumously in 1578. However, the <i>Defensio</i> did not circulate as extensively as the <i>Examen</i>, nor were full translations initially published. A French translation of the <i>Examen</i> by Eduard Preuss was published in 1861. German translations were published in 1861, 1884, and 1972. In English, a complete translation by Fred Kramer drawing from the original Latin and the 1861 German was published beginning in 1971. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Psaume" title="Nicolas Psaume">Nicolas Psaume</a>, bishop of Verdun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Legend_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Legend (Spain)">Black Legend (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popery" title="Popery">Popery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jerusalem_(1672)" title="Synod of Jerusalem (1672)">Council of Jerusalem-Bethlehem</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Francis Kelly, <i>The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History</i>, (Liturgical Press, 2009), 126–148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> This would be the last time that an ecumenical council would be held outside of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and in the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODCC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Trent, Council of" in Cross, F. L. (ed.) <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>, Oxford University Press, 2005 (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3">978-0-19-280290-3</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20070629_responsa-quaestiones_en.html">Responses to Some Questions Regarding Certain Aspects of the Doctrine on the Church</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130813100622/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20070629_responsa-quaestiones_en.html">Archived</a> August 13, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-World_History-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-World_History_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-World_History_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wetterau, Bruce. <i>World History</i>. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hubert Jedin, <i>Konciliengeschichte</i>, <a href="/wiki/Verlag_Herder" title="Verlag Herder">Verlag Herder</a>, Freiburg, [p.?] 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJedin1959" class="citation cs2">Jedin, Hubert (1959), <i>Konziliengeschichte</i>, Herder, p. 80</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Konziliengeschichte&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Herder&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Jedin&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Trent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>An den Adel deutscher Nation</i> (in German), 1520</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+den+Adel+deutscher+Nation&rft.date=1520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Trent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jedin_81-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jedin_81_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jedin_81_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jedin 81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-treccani-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-treccani_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treccani_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/clemente-vii_(Enciclopedia-dei-Papi)/">"Clemente VII"</a>. <i>Treccani.it</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2021</span>. <q>Ma l'ostilità del papa alla convocazione di un concilio era grandissima e già allora ben conosciuta, tanto che l'ambasciatore di Carlo V, il duca di Sessa, non ebbe il coraggio di affrontare direttamente l'argomento. Concorrevano ad alimentare tale ostilità da un lato le ombre ancora vicine del conciliarismo e l'esperienza del contrasto coi "gallicani", dall'altro il timore che il concilio potesse trovare nella sua nascita illegittima un buon pretesto per deporlo (ancora durante il conclave di Adriano VI, Soderini lo aveva trattato pubblicamente da bastardo).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Treccani.it&rft.atitle=Clemente+VII&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fclemente-vii_%28Enciclopedia-dei-Papi%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Trent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans Kühner Papstgeschichte, Fischer, Frankfurt 1960, 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jedin 79–82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schaff-Herzog-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schaff-Herzog_13-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1914" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Jackson, Samuel Macauley, ed. (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc12/htm/ii.ii.htm">"Trent, Council of"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Schaff%E2%80%93Herzog_Encyclopedia_of_Religious_Knowledge" class="mw-redirect" title="New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge">New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge</a></i> (third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trent%2C+Council+of&rft.btitle=New+Schaff%E2%80%93Herzog+Encyclopedia+of+Religious+Knowledge&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.edition=third&rft.pub=Funk+and+Wagnalls&rft.date=1914&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fs%2Fschaff%2Fencyc%2Fencyc12%2Fhtm%2Fii.ii.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Trent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrookes2013" class="citation web cs1">Brookes, Andrew (15 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.english.op.org/godzdogz/councils-of-faith-constance-1414-18/">"Councils of Faith: Constance (1414–18)"</a>. <i>The Dominican Friars in Britain</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Dominican+Friars+in+Britain&rft.atitle=Councils+of+Faith%3A+Constance+%281414%E2%80%9318%29&rft.date=2013-06-15&rft.aulast=Brookes&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.english.op.org%2Fgodzdogz%2Fcouncils-of-faith-constance-1414-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Trent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Malley,_29-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O'Malley,_29_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Malley,_29_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Malley, 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erwin L. Lueker, Luther Poellot, Paul Jackson eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=t&word=TRENT.COUNCILOF">Trent, Council of</a> Christian Cyclopedia, Concordia Publishing House: 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Francis Kelly, <i>The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History</i>, 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/catholic-or-protestant-the-story-of-contarini-and-the-reformation/">Catholic OR Protestant? The Story of Contarini and the Reformation</a>, fn. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jedin 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Malley, 29–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrenkle,_Franz_Sales2003" class="citation web cs1">Trenkle, Franz Sales (3 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc12/htm/ii.ii.htm">"Council of Trent"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Council+of+Trent&rft.date=2003-03-03&rft.au=Trenkle%2C+Franz+Sales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fs%2Fschaff%2Fencyc%2Fencyc12%2Fhtm%2Fii.ii.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Trent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent/ct25.html">"CT25"</a>. <i>History Hanover</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Hanover&rft.atitle=CT25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.hanover.edu%2Ftexts%2Ftrent%2Fct25.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Trent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Malley, 32–36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCC_85-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CCC_85_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Catechism of the Catholic Church Paragraph 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossLivingstone2005" class="citation book cs1">Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A., eds. (2005-01-01). "canon of Scripture". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001/acref-9780192802903"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i></a> (3 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 282. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780192802903.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3"><bdi>978-0-19-280290-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=canon+of+Scripture&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pages=282&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780192802903.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280290-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780192802903.001.0001%2Facref-9780192802903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Trent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Malley,_31-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O'Malley,_31_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Malley,_31_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Malley, 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Council of Trent: Decree <i>De invocatione, veneratione et reliquiis sanctorum, et de sacris imaginibus</i>, 3 December 1563, Sessio 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bühren 2008, p. 635f.; about the historical context of the decree on sacred images cf. Jedin 1935.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/prone">"Prône | Encyclopedia.com"</a>. <i>www.encyclopedia.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Pr%C3%B4ne+%7C+Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Freligion%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Fprone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Trent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLualdi2004" class="citation journal cs1">Lualdi, Katharine J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20477042">"Persevering in the Faith: Catholic Worship and Communal Identity in the Wake of the Edict of Nantes"</a>. <i>The Sixteenth Century Journal</i>. <b>35</b> (3): 717–734. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20477042">10.2307/20477042</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0361-0160">0361-0160</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20477042">20477042</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sixteenth+Century+Journal&rft.atitle=Persevering+in+the+Faith%3A+Catholic+Worship+and+Communal+Identity+in+the+Wake+of+the+Edict+of+Nantes&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=717-734&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=0361-0160&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20477042%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20477042&rft.aulast=Lualdi&rft.aufirst=Katharine+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20477042&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Trent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meyer-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meyer_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer1962" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Herbert T. (1962). <i>The Story of the Council of Trent</i>. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House. pp. 19–20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Council+of+Trent&rft.place=St.+Louis&rft.pages=19-20&rft.pub=Concordia+Publishing+House&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Herbert+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Trent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1hK5CgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Eighty-seven+works+were+written+between+1546%22&pg=PA56">Lutheran Patristic Catholicity</a> By Quentin D. Stewart, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M9RTAAAAcAAJ&q=editions:WavRe78tBJ8C">Examen</a></i>, Volumes I–II: Volume I begins on p. 46 of the pdf and Volume II begins on p. 311. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UtRTAAAAcAAJ&q=editions:WavRe78tBJ8C">Examen</a></i> Volumes III–IV: Volume III begins on p. 13 of the pdf and Volume IV begins on p. 298. All volumes free on Google Books</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"This monumental work is to this day the classic Protestant answer to Trent." from page three of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wlsessays.net/bitstream/handle/123456789/4095/PreusChemnitz.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Martin Chemnitz on the Doctrine of Justification</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170401130509/http://www.wlsessays.net/bitstream/handle/123456789/4095/PreusChemnitz.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Archived</a> 2017-04-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Jacob A. O. Preus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arthur Carl Piepkorn, 1966<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctsfw.net/media/pdfs/PiepkornGenesisGeniusExamen.pdf">Martin Chemnitz's views on Trent: the genesis and the genius of the Examen Concilii Tridentini</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fred Kramer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctsfw.net/media/pdfs/chemnitzauthorityscripture.pdf">Chemnitz on The Authority of The Sacred Scripture (An Examination)</a> pp. 165–75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Henrickson, 2000 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuesetc.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/CHEMNITZ-ON-RITES-AND-CEREMONIES-CONFESSIONAL-PRINCIPLE-CONFESSIONAL-PRACTICE.pdf">Chemnitz on Rites and Ceremonies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190120144257/http://issuesetc.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/CHEMNITZ-ON-RITES-AND-CEREMONIES-CONFESSIONAL-PRINCIPLE-CONFESSIONAL-PRACTICE.pdf">Archived</a> 2019-01-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roland F. Ziegler <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctsfwmedia.s3.amazonaws.com/CTQ/CTQ%2067-2.pdf">Should Lutherans Reserve the Consecrated Elements for the Communion of the Sick?</a>, pp. 141ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quentin D. Stewart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1hK5CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82">Lutheran Patristic Catholicity The Vincentian Canon and the Consensus Patrum in Lutheran Orthodoxy</a> Series: Arbeiten zur Historischen und Systematischen Theologie, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Hanna, 2004 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scdwels.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/2004-10-hanna.pdf">The Contribution of Martin Chemnitz to Our Lutheran Heritage</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lGM8AAAAcAAJ">Defensio</a></i>, 716 pp., free on Google Books.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralf_van_B%C3%BChren" title="Ralf van Bühren">Bühren, Ralf van</a>: <i>Kunst und Kirche im 20. Jahrhundert. Die Rezeption des Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzils</i> (Konziliengeschichte, Reihe B: Untersuchungen), Paderborn 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-506-76388-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-506-76388-4">978-3-506-76388-4</a></li> <li>O'Malley, John W., in <i>The Sensuous in the Counter-Reformation Church</i>, Eds: <a href="/wiki/Marcia_B._Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcia B. Hall">Marcia B. Hall</a>, Tracy E. Cooper, 2013, Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-01323-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-01323-0">978-1-107-01323-0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-AnYifgRz7QC&pg=PA8">google books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924029369760/mode/2up">James Waterworth (ed.), <i>The Canons and Decrees of the Sacred and Oecumenical Council of Trent</i> (1848)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dogmaticcanonsan00unknuoft/page/90/mode/2up"><i>Dogmatic canons and decrees : authorized translations of the dogmatic decrees of the Council of Trent, the decree on the Immaculate Conception, the Syllabus of Pope Pius IX, and the decrees of the Vatican Council</i></a>. New York: Devin-Adair Company. 1912. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20201006093438/https://archive.org/stream/dogmaticcanonsan00unknuoft/dogmaticcanonsan00unknuoft_djvu.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dogmatic+canons+and+decrees+%3A+authorized+translations+of+the+dogmatic+decrees+of+the+Council+of+Trent%2C+the+decree+on+the+Immaculate+Conception%2C+the+Syllabus+of+Pope+Pius+IX%2C+and+the+decrees+of+the+Vatican+Council&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Devin-Adair+Company&rft.date=1912&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdogmaticcanonsan00unknuoft%2Fpage%2F90%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Trent" class="Z3988"></span> (with <i><a href="/wiki/Imprimatur" title="Imprimatur">imprimatur</a></i> of cardinal <a href="/wiki/John_Murphy_Farley" title="John Murphy Farley">Farley</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Sarpi" title="Paolo Sarpi">Paolo Sarpi</a>, <i>Historia del Concilio Tridentino</i>, London: John Bill,1619 (<i>History of the Council of Trent</i>, English translation by <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Brent" title="Nathaniel Brent">Nathaniel Brent</a>, London 1620, 1629 and 1676)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Sforza_Pallavicino" title="Francesco Sforza Pallavicino">Francesco Sforza Pallavicino</a>, <i>Istoria del concilio di Trento</i>. In Roma, nella stamperia d'Angelo Bernabò dal Verme erede del Manelfi: per Giovanni Casoni libraro, 1656–57</li> <li>John W. O'Malley: <i>Trent: What Happened at the Council</i>, Cambridge (Massachusetts), The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2013, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-06697-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-06697-7">978-0-674-06697-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Jedin" title="Hubert Jedin">Hubert Jedin</a>: <i>Entstehung und Tragweite des Trienter Dekrets über die Bilderverehrung</i>, in: Tübinger Theologische Quartalschrift 116, 1935, pp. 143–88, 404–429</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Jedin" title="Hubert Jedin">Hubert Jedin</a>: <i>Geschichte des Konzils von Trient</i>, 4 vol., Freiburg im Breisgau 1949–1975 (A History of the Council of Trent, 2 vol., London 1957 and 1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Jedin" title="Hubert Jedin">Hubert Jedin</a>: <i>Konziliengeschichte</i>, Freiburg im Breisgau 1959</li> <li>Mullett, Michael A. "The Council of Trent and the Catholic Reformation", in his <i>The Catholic Reformation</i> (London: Routledge, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-18915-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-18915-2">0-415-18915-2</a>, pbk.), pp. 29–68. <i>N.B</i>.: The author also mentions the Council elsewhere in his book.</li> <li>Schroeder, H. J., ed. and trans. <i>The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent: English Translation</i>, trans. [and introduced] by H. J. Schroeder. Rockford, Ill.: TAN Books and Publishers, 1978. <i>N.B</i>.: "The original 1941 edition contained [both] the Latin text and the English translation. This edition contains only the English translation..."; comprises only the council's dogmatic decrees, excluding the purely disciplinary ones.</li> <li>Mathias Mütel: <i>Mit den Kirchenvätern gegen Martin Luther? Die Debatten um Tradition und auctoritas patrum auf dem Konzil von Trient</i>, Paderborn 2017 (= <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konziliengeschichte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konziliengeschichte (page does not exist)">Konziliengeschichte</a>. Reihe B., Untersuchungen)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Trent&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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(1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Council of Trent"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Council_of_Trent">"Council of Trent" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Council+of+Trent&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+Trent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.hanover.edu/texts/trent.html">The text of the Council of Trent</a> translated by J. Waterworth, 1848 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/X/ENG0432.HTM">also on Intratext</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/01_10_1545-1563-_Concilium_Tridentinum.html">Documents of the Council in Latin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121009172137/http://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/TRENT.ZIP">ZIP version of the documents of the Council of Trent</a> (archived 9 October 2012)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tridentine_Mass_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tridentine_Latin_Mass" title="Template:Tridentine Latin Mass"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tridentine_Latin_Mass" title="Template talk:Tridentine Latin Mass"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tridentine_Latin_Mass" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tridentine Latin Mass"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tridentine_Mass_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_and_Conventual_Mass" title="Chapter and Conventual Mass">Chapter and conventual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Mass" title="Low Mass">Low</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Singmesse" title="Deutsche Singmesse">Deutsche Singmesse</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_Mass" title="Dialogue Mass">Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Organ_Mass" title="French Organ Mass">French Organ</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_cantata" title="Missa cantata">Missa cantata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Missa_sicca" title="Missa sicca">Missa Sicca</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_Masses" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritual Masses">Ritual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Mass" title="Coronation Mass">Coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_coronation" title="Papal coronation">Papal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Nuptial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Mass" title="Solemn Mass">Solemn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_High_Mass" title="Pontifical High Mass">Pontifical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass" title="Papal Mass">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sine_populo" title="Sine populo">Sine populo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votive_Mass" title="Votive Mass">Votive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Mass" title="Red Mass">Red</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass#Liturgical_structure" title="Tridentine Mass">Order</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Pre-Mass</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vesting_prayers" title="Vesting prayers">Vesting prayers</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Asperges" title="Asperges">Asperges me</a></i> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Vidi_aquam" title="Vidi aquam">Vidi aquam</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Processional_hymn" title="Processional hymn">Processional hymn</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Catechumens" title="Mass of the Catechumens">Mass of the Catechumens</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Psalm_43" title="Psalm 43">Iudica me</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Confiteor" title="Confiteor">Confiteor</a></i> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Mea_culpa" title="Mea culpa">mea culpa</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Introit" title="Introit">Introit</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Gloria in excelsis Deo</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Collect" title="Collect">Collect</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lection" title="Lection">Lection</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gradual" title="Gradual">Gradual</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Alleluia#Roman_Rite" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Tract_(liturgy)" title="Tract (liturgy)">Tract</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Sequence_(musical_form)" title="Sequence (musical form)">Sequentia</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)#Uses_in_the_Western_Churches" title="Gospel (liturgy)">Gospel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">Homily</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Faithful" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass of the Faithful">Mass of the Faithful</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Credo" title="Credo">Credo</a></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Offertory</a> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Orate_fratres" title="Orate fratres">Orate fratres</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Secret_(liturgy)" title="Secret (liturgy)">Secret</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Preface_(liturgy)" title="Preface (liturgy)">Preface</a> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Sursum_corda" title="Sursum corda">Sursum corda</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sanctus</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Hosanna" title="Hosanna">Hosanna</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canon_of_the_Mass" title="Canon of the Mass">Roman Canon</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Oblation" title="Oblation">Oblation</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">Epiclesis</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution" title="Words of Institution">Words of Institution</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Anamnesis_(Christianity)" title="Anamnesis (Christianity)">Anamnesis</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elevation_(liturgy)" title="Elevation (liturgy)">Elevation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_doxology" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucharistic doxology">Doxology</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Pater Noster</a></i> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Embolism_(liturgy)" title="Embolism (liturgy)">Embolism</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Pax_(liturgy)" title="Pax (liturgy)">Pax</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Agnus_Dei" title="Agnus Dei">Agnus Dei</a></i> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Dona_nobis_pacem" title="Dona nobis pacem">Dona nobis pacem</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fraction_(religion)" title="Fraction (religion)">Fraction</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Holy Communion</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Communion_(chant)" title="Communion (chant)">Communion antiphon</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablutions</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Postcommunion" title="Postcommunion">Postcommunio</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(liturgy)" title="Dismissal (liturgy)">Dismissal</a> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Ite,_missa_est" title="Ite, missa est">Ite, missa est</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Benedicamus_Domino" title="Benedicamus Domino">Benedicamus Domino</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Last_Gospel" title="Last Gospel">Last Gospel</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Post-Mass</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonine_Prayers" title="Leonine Prayers">Leonine prayers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Recessional_hymn" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessional hymn">Recessional hymn</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>For <a href="/wiki/Catholic_funeral" title="Catholic funeral">funeral Mass</a></dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Dies_irae" title="Dies irae">Dies irae</a></i> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Pie_Jesu" title="Pie Jesu">Pie Iesu</a></i></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Libera_me" title="Libera me">Libera Me</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_peace" title="Rest in peace">Requiescant in pace</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolution_of_the_dead" title="Absolution of the dead">Absolution of the dead</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/In_paradisum" title="In paradisum">In paradisum</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Psalm_130" title="Psalm 130">De profundis</a></i></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">altar server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_boy" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat boy">Boat boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_(Christianity)" title="Cantor (Christianity)">Cantor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">schola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifer" title="Crucifer">Crucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)" title="Reader (liturgy)">Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_ceremonies" title="Master of ceremonies">Master of ceremonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">Subdeacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Altar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cards" title="Altar cards">Altar cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_crucifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar crucifix">Altar crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_rail" title="Altar rail">Altar rails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">Ambo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antependium" title="Antependium">Antependium</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credence_table" title="Credence table">Credence table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneeler" title="Kneeler">Kneeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misericord" title="Misericord">Misericord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscina" title="Piscina">Piscina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacristy" title="Sacristy">Sacristy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle" title="Church tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Altar cloths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Altar linens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antependium" title="Antependium">Antependium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Burse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Chalice veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_(liturgy)" title="Corporal (liturgy)">Corporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Pall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_cloth" title="Altar cloth">Purificator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Illumination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_(Catholic_Church)#Candles_and_candlesticks" title="Altar (Catholic Church)">Altar (Catholic Church)#Candles and candlesticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_candle" title="Paschal candle">Paschal candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_lamp" title="Sanctuary lamp">Sanctuary lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_candlestick_(Catholic_Church)" title="Triple candlestick (Catholic Church)">Triple candlestick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Liturgical<br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_bell" title="Altar bell">Altar bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspergillum" title="Aspergillum">Aspergillum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice#Christian" title="Chalice">Chalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(container)" title="Ciborium (container)">Ciborium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offertory#Collection_of_alms" title="Offertory">Collection basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruet" title="Cruet">Cruet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistula_(liturgical_object)" title="Fistula (liturgical object)">Fistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flabellum" title="Flabellum">Flabellum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funghellino" title="Funghellino">Funghellino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">Holy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_use_of_incense#Christianity" title="Religious use of incense">use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuterge" title="Manuterge">Manuterge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paten" title="Paten">Paten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">Processional cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyx" title="Pyx">Pyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wafer" title="Wafer">wafer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">Sacramental wine</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible" title="Thurible">Thurible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_books_of_the_Roman_Rite" title="Liturgical books of the Roman Rite">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6remoniale_Episcoporum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cæremoniale Episcoporum">Cæremoniale Episcoporum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Missale Romanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Pontificale Romanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Rituale Romanum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">Vestments</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments" title="Pontifical vestments">Pontifical</a>/<a href="/wiki/Papal_Mass#Vestments" title="Papal Mass">Papal</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb" title="Alb">Alb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amice" title="Amice">Amice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasuble" title="Chasuble">Chasuble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincture" title="Cincture">Cincture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cope" title="Cope">Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">Crosier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatic" title="Dalmatic">Dalmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_gloves" title="Episcopal gloves">Episcopal gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_ring" title="Ecclesiastical ring">Ecclesiastical ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_sandals" title="Episcopal sandals">Episcopal sandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falda" title="Falda">Falda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humeral_veil" title="Humeral veil">Humeral veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_lace" title="Liturgical lace">Liturgical lace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">Mitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">Pallium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_fanon" title="Papal fanon">Papal fanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tiara" title="Papal tiara">Papal tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_cross" title="Pectoral cross">Pectoral cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stole_(vestment)" title="Stole (vestment)">Stole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcinctorium" title="Subcinctorium">Subcinctorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationale_(vestment)" title="Rationale (vestment)">Superhumerale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplice" title="Surplice">Surplice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunicle" title="Tunicle">Tunicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimpa" title="Vimpa">Vimpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">Antiphon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gradual" title="Roman Gradual">Graduale Romanum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_hymns" title="List of Catholic hymns">Hymn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyriale" title="Kyriale">Kyriale Romanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Usualis" title="Liber Usualis">Liber Usualis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_for_the_Requiem_Mass" title="Music for the Requiem Mass">Music for the Requiem Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Church organ">Organ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_(music)" title="Voluntary (music)">voluntary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organum" title="Organum">Organum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphony#Catholic_Church" title="Polyphony">Polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciting_tone" title="Reciting tone">Reciting tone</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accentus" title="Accentus">Accentus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Recto_tono" title="Recto tono">Recto tono</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tra_le_sollecitudini" title="Tra le sollecitudini">Tra le sollecitudini</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">Tonary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Antiphonary" title="Gregorian Antiphonary">Gregorian Antiphonary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year#Catholic_Church_liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Calendar</a><br /> <small>(<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">1954</a>/<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII">1955</a>/<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">1960</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmastide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphanytide</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascensiontide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">After Pentecost</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">Holy day of obligation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moveable_feast" title="Moveable feast">Moveable feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octave_(liturgy)" title="Octave (liturgy)">Octaves</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking of liturgical days</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Solemnity" title="Solemnity">Solemnity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_(liturgy)" title="Memorial (liturgy)">Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_(liturgy)" title="Commemoration (liturgy)">Commemoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feria" title="Feria">Feria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline" title="Eucharistic discipline">Discipline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_digits" title="Canonical digits">Canonical digits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_etiquette" title="Church etiquette">Church etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_communion" title="Closed communion">Closed communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_844" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon 844">Canon 844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_915" title="Canon 915">Canon 915</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_the_developmentally_disabled" title="Communion and the developmentally disabled">Communion and the developmentally disabled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_under_both_kinds" title="Communion under both kinds">Communion under both kinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_and_abstinence_in_the_Catholic_Church#Eucharistic_Fast" title="Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church">Eucharistic fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Communion" title="First Communion">First Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genuflection" title="Genuflection">Genuflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_head_covering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian head covering">Head cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_communion" title="Infant communion">Infant communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_sacrament" title="Reserved sacrament">Reserved sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_after_Communion" title="Thanksgiving after Communion">Thanksgiving after Communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaticum" title="Viaticum">Viaticum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology" title="Eucharistic theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Sacrament">Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">Blood of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiousion" title="Epiousion">Epiousion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_miracle" title="Eucharistic miracle">Eucharistic miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Grace in Christianity">Grace</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_opere_operato" title="Ex opere operato">ex opere operato</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_persona_Christi" title="In persona Christi">In persona Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Catholic eucharistic theology">History of Catholic eucharistic theology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">Koinonia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">Liturgical colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Eucharist" title="Origin of the Eucharist">Origin of the Eucharist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvific nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_Melchizedek" title="Priesthood of Melchizedek">Priesthood of Melchizedek</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pro_multis" title="Pro multis">Pro multis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist#Roman_Catholic_and_Orthodox_views" title="Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist">Real presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">Ad orientem</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Rubrics" title="Code of Rubrics">Code of Rubrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concelebration" title="Concelebration">Concelebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin" title="Ecclesiastical Latin">Ecclesiastical Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">Intercession of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mass" title="Order of Mass">Ordinary</a> & <a href="/wiki/Proper_(liturgy)" title="Proper (liturgy)">propers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Common_(liturgy)" title="Common (liturgy)">common</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity#Roman_Catholicism" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Sunday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_and_rubrics_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon">Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Psalters" title="Latin Psalters">Latin Psalters</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Agape feast</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alternatim" title="Alternatim">Alternatim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Anaphora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anima_Christi" title="Anima Christi">Anima Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspersion" title="Aspersion">Aspersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coetus_Internationalis_Patrum" title="Coetus Internationalis Patrum">Coetus Internationalis Patrum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_using_the_Tridentine_Mass" title="List of communities using the Tridentine Mass">Communities using the Tridentine Mass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indult" title="Indult">Indult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments" title="Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Dicastery for Divine Worship</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Eucharistic adoration</a> & <a href="/wiki/Benediction_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament">benediction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Hour" title="Holy Hour">Holy Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Hours%27_Devotion" title="Forty Hours' Devotion">Forty Hours' Devotion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Canon" title="History of the Roman Canon">History of the Roman Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin liturgical rites</a></li> <li><i><a 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title="Preces">Preces</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Tridentine_Mass" title="Pre-Tridentine Mass">Pre-Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quattuor_abhinc_annos" title="Quattuor abhinc annos">Quattuor abhinc annos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quo_primum" title="Quo primum">Quo primum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Sacramentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traditionis_custodes" title="Traditionis custodes">Traditionis custodes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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title="Category:History of the Catholic Church by country">By country or region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">Papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Catholic ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="History of the Roman Curia">History of the Roman Curia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Christian monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Catholic culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a><br />(30–325/476)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Origins of Christianity">Origins</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Age">Apostolic Age</a> (30–100)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles in the New Testament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Commissioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">Council of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_of_Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Split of Christianity and Judaism">Split with Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">General epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ante-Nicene_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a> (100–325)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Clement I">Pope Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a><br />(313–476)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Great_Church(180–451)Romanstate_church(380–451)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a><br />(180–451)<br /><a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">Roman<br />state church</a><br />(380–451)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arian_controversy" title="Arian controversy">Arian controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Pope Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Benedict of Nursia">Benedict of Nursia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Second Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Third Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Byzantine Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Pope Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Catholic_Church)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)">Fourth Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_clash_between_the_Church_and_the_Empire" title="The clash between the Church and the Empire">Clash against the empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="First Council of the Lateran">First Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Second Council of the Lateran">Second Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Third Council of the Lateran">Third Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Lyon" title="First Council of Lyon">First Council of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Lyon" title="Second Council of Lyon">Second Council of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_V" title="Pope Clement V">Pope Clement V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Vienne" title="Council of Vienne">Council of Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exsurge_Domine" title="Exsurge Domine">Exsurge Domine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Dissolution of the monasteries</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Neri" title="Philip Neri">Philip Neri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque period</a> to the<br /><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XI" title="Pope Innocent XI">Pope Innocent XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV" title="Pope Benedict XIV">Pope Benedict XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">Suppression of the Society of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimabara_Rebellion" title="Shimabara Rebellion">Shimabara Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church and politics in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Salette" title="Our Lady of La Salette">Our Lady of La Salette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Our Lady of Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Papal infallibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_the_Divine_Heart" title="Mary of the Divine Heart">Mary of the Divine Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Consecration_to_the_Sacred_Heart" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart">Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rerum_novarum" title="Rerum novarum">Rerum novarum</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_20th_century" title="Catholic Church in the 20th century">20th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Our Lady of Fátima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_and_Pius_XII" title="Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII">Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_1942_consecration_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge" title="Mit brennender Sorge">Mit brennender Sorge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pacem_in_terris" title="Pacem in terris">Pacem in terris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Judaism" title="Catholic Church and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Pope_Paul_VI" title="Coronation of Pope Paul VI">coronation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I" title="Pope John Paul I">Pope John Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_1995" title="World Youth Day 1995">1995</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2000" title="World Youth Day 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2002" title="World Youth Day 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2005" title="World Youth Day 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2008" title="World Youth Day 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2011" title="World Youth Day 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2013" title="World Youth Day 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2016" title="World Youth Day 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2019" title="World Youth Day 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2023" title="World Youth Day 2023">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laudato_si%27" title="Laudato si'">Laudato si'</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Declaration_of_Pope_Francis_and_Patriarch_Kirill" title="Joint Declaration of Pope Francis and Patriarch Kirill">Patriarch Kirill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ecumenical_councils" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ecumenical_councils" title="Template:Ecumenical councils"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ecumenical_councils" title="Template talk:Ecumenical councils"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ecumenical_councils" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ecumenical councils"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ecumenical_councils" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Ecumenical councils</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a> (325)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Constantinople I</a> (381)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Ephesus</a> (431)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a> (451)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Constantinople II</a> (553)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Constantinople III</a> (680–681)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Nicaea II</a> (787)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Recognized by the<br />Catholic Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Catholic_Church)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)">Constantinople IV</a> (869–870)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="First Council of the Lateran">Lateran I</a> (1123)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Second Council of the Lateran">Lateran II</a> (1139)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Third Council of the Lateran">Lateran III</a> (1179)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Lateran IV</a> (1215)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Lyon" title="First Council of Lyon">Lyon I</a> (1245)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Lyon" title="Second Council of Lyon">Lyon II</a> (1274)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Vienne" title="Council of Vienne">Vienne</a> (1311–1312)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Constance</a> (1414–1418)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Basel-Florence</a> (Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449;<sup id="cite_ref-note_n0_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fifth Council of the Lateran">Lateran V</a> (1512–1517)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trent</a> (1545–1563)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">Vatican I</a> (1869–1870)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a> (1962–1965)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recognized by the<br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Eastern_Orthodox)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)"><i>Constantinople IV</i> (879–880)</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Fifth Council of Constantinople">Constantinople V</a></i> (1341–1351)*</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recognized by the<br /><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a> (325)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Constantinople I</a> (381)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Ephesus</a> (431)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Ephesus" title="Second Council of Ephesus">Ephesus II</a> (449)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Ephesus" title="Third Council of Ephesus">Ephesus III</a> (475)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recognized by the<br /><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a> (325)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Constantinople I</a> (381)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon" title="Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon">Seleucia-Ctesiphon</a> (410)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Beth_Lapat" title="Synod of Beth Lapat">Synod of Beth Lapat</a> (484)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_church_councils_(pre-ecumenical)" title="Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)">Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">50</a>/155–<a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Arles#Council_of_Arles_in_314" title="Synod of Arles">314</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a> (180–<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">451</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">State church of the Roman Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Thessalonica" title="Edict of Thessalonica">380</a>–<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">451</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quinisext_Council" title="Quinisext Council">Quinisext Council</a> (692)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jassy" title="Synod of Jassy">Synod of Jassy</a> (1642)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jerusalem_(1672)" title="Synod of Jerusalem (1672)">Synod of Jerusalem</a> (1672)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phyletism" title="Phyletism">Synod of Constantinople</a> (1872)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Addis_Ababa" title="Conference of Addis Ababa">Conference of Addis Ababa</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pan-Orthodox_Council" title="Pan-Orthodox Council">Pan-Orthodox Council</a> (2016)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church. <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note_n0-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n0_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Even though the Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist"> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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