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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Commercial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Industrial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agricultural" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agricultural"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Agricultural</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agricultural-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mixed_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mixed_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Mixed use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mixed_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Complex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Complex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Creation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Creation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Creation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ownership_and_funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ownership_and_funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ownership and funding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ownership_and_funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_impacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_impacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Environmental impacts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_impacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Building services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Building_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Building services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Building_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical_plant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_plant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Physical plant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_plant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conveying_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conveying_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Conveying systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conveying_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_damage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_damage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Building damage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_damage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Building</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 111 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebou" title="Gebou – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gebou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geb%C3%A4ude" title="Gebäude – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gebäude" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89" title="مبنى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مبنى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܒܢܝܢܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܢܝܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acareti" title="Acareti – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Acareti" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificiu" title="Edificiu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Edificiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ga_yvate" title="Óga yvate – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Óga yvate" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bina" title="Bina – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bina" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بینا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بینا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="ভবন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভবন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A0n-tio%CC%8Dk-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiàn-tio̍k-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Будынак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Будынак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Будынак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Будынак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edipisyo" title="Edipisyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Edipisyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Сграда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сграда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgrada" title="Zgrada – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zgrada" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savadur" title="Savadur – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Savadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edifici" title="Edifici – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edifici" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82" title="Çурт – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çурт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budova" title="Budova – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Budova" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomangamanga" title="Zomangamanga – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Zomangamanga" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeilad" title="Adeilad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Adeilad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygning" title="Bygning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bygning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geb%C3%A4ude" title="Gebäude – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gebäude" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoone" title="Hoone – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hoone" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κτήριο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κτήριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstrua%C4%B5o" title="Konstruaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konstruaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificiu" title="Edificiu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Edificiu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eraikin" title="Eraikin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eraikin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ساختمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساختمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2timent_(construction)" title="Bâtiment (construction) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bâtiment (construction)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouwurk" title="Bouwurk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bouwurk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foirgneamh" title="Foirgneamh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Foirgneamh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EC%B6%95%EB%AC%BC" title="건축물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="건축물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="भवन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भवन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgrada" title="Zgrada – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zgrada" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edifico" title="Edifico – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Edifico" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangunan" title="Bangunan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bangunan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isakhiwo" title="Isakhiwo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isakhiwo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygging" title="Bygging – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bygging" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edificio" title="Edificio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Edificio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94)" title="בניין (מבנה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בניין (מבנה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wewangunan" title="Wewangunan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wewangunan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A1" title="ಕಟ್ಟಡ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಟ್ಟಡ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="შენობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შენობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jengo" title="Jengo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jengo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avah%C3%AE" title="Avahî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Avahî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B6%E0%BA%81" title="ຕຶກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕຶກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuorms" title="Kuorms – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kuorms" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedificium" title="Aedificium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aedificium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtne" title="Celtne – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Celtne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebai" title="Gebai – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gebai" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastatas" title="Pastatas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pastatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89p%C3%BClet" title="Épület – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Épület" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Градба – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Градба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="इमारत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इमारत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangunan" title="Bangunan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bangunan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Байшин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Байшин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calli" title="Calli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Calli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebouw" title="Gebouw – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gebouw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolwark" title="Bolwark – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Bolwark" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="भवन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भवन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="भवन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भवन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" title="建築物 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="建築物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilding" title="Bilding – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Bilding" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygning" title="Bygning – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bygning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygning" title="Bygning – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bygning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bino" title="Bino – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bino" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਇਮਾਰਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਮਾਰਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="عمارت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عمارت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8D" title="ودانۍ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ودانۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budynek" title="Budynek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Budynek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edif%C3%ADcio" title="Edifício – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Edifício" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C4%83dire" title="Clădire – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clădire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasichay" title="Wasichay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wasichay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Будова – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Будова" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Здание – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Здание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83" title="Тутуу – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тутуу" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biggin" title="Biggin – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Biggin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godina" title="Godina – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Godina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building" title="Building – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Building" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budova" title="Budova – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Budova" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavba" title="Stavba – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stavba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhisme" title="Dhisme – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhisme" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بینا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بینا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Зграда – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зграда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C4%91evina" title="Građevina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Građevina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakennus" title="Rakennus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rakennus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byggnad" title="Byggnad – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Byggnad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusali" title="Gusali – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gusali" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கட்டிடம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கட்டிடம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="భవనం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భవనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="อาคาร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาคาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Бино – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бино" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bina" title="Bina – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bina" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adan" title="Adan – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Adan" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Будівля – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Будівля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="عمارت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمارت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B2a_nh%C3%A0" title="Tòa nhà – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tòa nhà" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumot" title="Bumot – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bumot" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edifisyo" title="Edifisyo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Edifisyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%89%A9" title="建築物 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="建築物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%93" title="樓 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="樓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" title="建筑物 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="建筑物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begunan" title="Begunan – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Begunan" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41176#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Building" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Building" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&oldid=1255749677" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Building&id=1255749677&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBuilding"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBuilding"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu 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Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Building" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41176" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edifice&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Edifice">Edifice</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Structure, typically with a roof and walls, standing more or less permanently in one place</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the act of making buildings, see <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a>. For structures not intended for human occupancy, see <a href="/wiki/Nonbuilding_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonbuilding structure">Nonbuilding structure</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Building_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Building (disambiguation)">Building (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edifice_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Edifice (disambiguation)">Edifice (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint selfref">For <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">technical reasons</a>, "Building #19" redirects here. For the store chain, see <a href="/wiki/Building_19" title="Building 19">Building 19</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Building" title="Special:EditPage/Building">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Building%22">"Building"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Building%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Building%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Building%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Building%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Building%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 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data-file-width="3549" data-file-height="5364" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:161px;max-width:161px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg/159px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg/239px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg/318px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons-Laffitte_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3970" data-file-height="2775" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage" 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style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG/146px-West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG" decoding="async" width="146" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG/219px-West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG/292px-West_facade_of_Petit_Trianon_002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2946" data-file-height="2102" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg/130px-Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg/195px-Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg/260px-Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4726" data-file-height="3805" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:106px;max-width:106px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Castel_B%C3%A9ranger,_February_16,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Castel_B%C3%A9ranger%2C_February_16%2C_2013.jpg/104px-Castel_B%C3%A9ranger%2C_February_16%2C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Castel_B%C3%A9ranger%2C_February_16%2C_2013.jpg/156px-Castel_B%C3%A9ranger%2C_February_16%2C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Castel_B%C3%A9ranger%2C_February_16%2C_2013.jpg/208px-Castel_B%C3%A9ranger%2C_February_16%2C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="4500" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es,_21_April_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_21_April_2013.jpg/131px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_21_April_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_21_April_2013.jpg/197px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_21_April_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_21_April_2013.jpg/262px-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es%2C_21_April_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2909" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG/117px-Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG" decoding="async" width="117" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG/176px-Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG/234px-Alfeld_Fagus_08JUL15.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_(35736927202).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_%2835736927202%29.jpg/132px-Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_%2835736927202%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_%2835736927202%29.jpg/198px-Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_%2835736927202%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_%2835736927202%29.jpg/264px-Stuttgart_-_Neue_Staatsgalerie_%2835736927202%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Short visual <a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">history</a> of <a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">architectural styles</a> (from left to right): the <a href="/wiki/Ishtar_Gate" title="Ishtar Gate">Ishtar Gate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mesopotamia" title="Architecture of Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a>); the Temple of <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> from <a href="/wiki/Philae" class="mw-redirect" title="Philae">Philae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture" title="Ancient Egyptian architecture">Ancient Egyptian</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Maison_Carr%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Maison Carrée">Maison Carrée</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Greco</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_architecture" title="Ancient Roman architecture">Roman</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple" title="Kandariya Mahadeva Temple">Kandariya Mahadeva Temple</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian architecture">Indian</a>); the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Heaven" title="Temple of Heaven">Temple of Heaven</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_architecture" title="Chinese architecture">Chinese</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Vitale" title="Basilica of San Vitale">Basilica of San Vitale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine</a>); <a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Durham_Cathedral" title="Durham Cathedral">Durham Cathedral</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a>); <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle">Sainte-Chapelle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a>); <a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_in_Montorio#The_Tempietto" title="San Pietro in Montorio">the Tempietto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a>); <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Maisons" title="Château de Maisons">Château de Maisons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a>); <a href="/wiki/Boiserie" class="mw-redirect" title="Boiserie">boiserie</a> from the Hôtel de Varengeville (<a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Petit_Trianon" title="Petit Trianon">Petit Trianon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a>); <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown</a> <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Castel_B%C3%A9ranger" title="Castel Béranger">Castel Béranger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Théâtre des Champs-Élysées">Théâtre des Champs-Élysées</a> (<a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Fagus_Factory" title="Fagus Factory">Fagus Factory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern</a>); and the <a href="/wiki/Neue_Staatsgalerie" title="Neue Staatsgalerie">Neue Staatsgalerie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodern</a>)</div></div></div></div> <p>A <b>building</b> or <b>edifice</b> is an enclosed <a href="/wiki/Structure#Load-bearing" title="Structure">structure</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Roof" title="Roof">roof</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wall" title="Wall">walls</a>, usually standing permanently in one place,<sup id="cite_ref-Egenhofer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egenhofer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as a <a href="/wiki/House" title="House">house</a> or <a href="/wiki/Factory" title="Factory">factory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Egenhofer_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egenhofer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buildings come in a variety of <a href="/wiki/Size" title="Size">sizes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shape" title="Shape">shapes</a>, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for numerous factors, from <a href="/wiki/Building_material" title="Building material">building materials</a> available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, <a href="/wiki/Monument" title="Monument">prestige</a>, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the concept, see <i><a href="/wiki/Nonbuilding_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonbuilding structure">Nonbuilding structure</a></i> for contrast. </p><p>Buildings serve several societal needs – <a href="/wiki/Occupancy" title="Occupancy">occupancy</a>, primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical separation of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Human_habitats" title="Category:Human habitats">human habitat</a> (a place of comfort and safety) from the <i>outside</i> (a place that may be harsh and harmful at times). </p><p>Ever since the first <a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">cave paintings</a>, buildings have been objects or canvasses of much <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">artistic expression</a>. In recent years, interest in <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_engineering" title="Sustainable engineering">sustainable planning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">building practices</a> has become an intentional part of the <a href="/wiki/Building_design" title="Building design">design process</a> of many <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">new buildings</a> and other structures, usually <a href="/wiki/Green_building" title="Green building">green buildings.</a> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalasatama,_Helsinki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Kalasatama%2C_Helsinki.jpg/220px-Kalasatama%2C_Helsinki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Kalasatama%2C_Helsinki.jpg/330px-Kalasatama%2C_Helsinki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Kalasatama%2C_Helsinki.jpg/440px-Kalasatama%2C_Helsinki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4756" data-file-height="3882" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">Skyscrapers</a> under construction in <a href="/wiki/Kalasatama" title="Kalasatama">Kalasatama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> (2021)</figcaption></figure> <p>A building is 'a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place';<sup id="cite_ref-Egenhofer_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egenhofer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "there was a three-storey building on the corner"; "it was an imposing edifice". In the broadest interpretation a <a href="/wiki/Fence" title="Fence">fence</a> or wall is a building.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the word <i>structure</i> is used more broadly than <i>building</i>, to include natural and human-made formations<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ones that do not have walls; <i>structure</i> is more often used for a fence. <a href="/wiki/Russell_Sturgis" title="Russell Sturgis">Sturgis' Dictionary</a> included that <span class="nowrap">"[building]</span> differs from <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> in excluding all idea of artistic treatment; and it differs from <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> in the idea of excluding scientific or highly skilful treatment."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Structural height</i> in technical usage is the height to the highest architectural detail on the building from street level. Spires and masts may or may not be included in this height, depending on how they are classified. Spires and masts used as antennas are not generally included. The distinction between a low-rise and high-rise building is a matter of debate, but generally three stories or less is considered low-rise.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">History of architecture</a></div> <p>There is clear evidence of homebuilding from around 18,000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buildings became common during the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_building_types" title="List of building types">List of building types</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marburg_asv2022-02_img04_Reitgasse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Marburg_asv2022-02_img04_Reitgasse.jpg/220px-Marburg_asv2022-02_img04_Reitgasse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Marburg_asv2022-02_img04_Reitgasse.jpg/330px-Marburg_asv2022-02_img04_Reitgasse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Marburg_asv2022-02_img04_Reitgasse.jpg/440px-Marburg_asv2022-02_img04_Reitgasse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4469" data-file-height="4469" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Timber_framing" title="Timber framing">timber-framed house</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marburg" title="Marburg">Marburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:15_Strada_Arthur_Verona,_Bucharest_(13).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/15_Strada_Arthur_Verona%2C_Bucharest_%2813%29.jpg/220px-15_Strada_Arthur_Verona%2C_Bucharest_%2813%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/15_Strada_Arthur_Verona%2C_Bucharest_%2813%29.jpg/330px-15_Strada_Arthur_Verona%2C_Bucharest_%2813%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/15_Strada_Arthur_Verona%2C_Bucharest_%2813%29.jpg/440px-15_Strada_Arthur_Verona%2C_Bucharest_%2813%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3781" data-file-height="3029" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a> city-house on Strada Arthur Verona in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, currently part of a bookshop</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2_Strada_Arthur_Verona,_Bucharest_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/2_Strada_Arthur_Verona%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg/220px-2_Strada_Arthur_Verona%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/2_Strada_Arthur_Verona%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg/330px-2_Strada_Arthur_Verona%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/2_Strada_Arthur_Verona%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg/440px-2_Strada_Arthur_Verona%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3736" data-file-height="3167" /></a><figcaption>The Mitilineu House, a city-house in Bucharest, dating from 1898</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residential">Residential</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Residential"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_house_types" title="List of house types">List of house types</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Building" title="Special:EditPage/Building">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Building%22">"Building"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Building%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Building%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Building%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Building%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Building%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Single-family residential buildings are most often called <i><a href="/wiki/House" title="House">houses</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Home" title="Home">homes</a></i>. Multi-family residential buildings containing more than one dwelling unit are called <i><a href="/wiki/Duplex_(building)" title="Duplex (building)">duplexes</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Apartment_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartment building">apartment buildings</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">Condominiums</a></i> are apartments that occupants <a href="/wiki/Homeownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeownership">own</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Lease" title="Lease">rent</a>. Houses may be built in pairs (<a href="/wiki/Semi-detached" title="Semi-detached">semi-detached</a>) or in terraces, where all but two of the houses have others on either side. Apartments may be built round <a href="/wiki/Courtyard" title="Courtyard">courtyards</a> or as rectangular blocks surrounded by plots of ground. Houses built as single dwellings may later be divided into apartments or <a href="/wiki/Bedsitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedsitter">bedsitters</a>, or converted to other uses (e.g., offices or shops). <a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">Hotels</a>, especially of the extended-stay variety (<a href="/wiki/Apartel" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartel">apartels</a>), can be classed as residential. </p><p>Building types may range from <a href="/wiki/Hut_(dwelling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hut (dwelling)">huts</a> to multimillion-dollar <a href="/wiki/High-rise" class="mw-redirect" title="High-rise">high-rise</a> <a href="/wiki/Apartment_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartment block">apartment blocks</a> able to house thousands of people. Increasing settlement density in buildings (and smaller distances between buildings) is usually a response to high ground prices resulting from the desire of many people to live close to their places of employment or similar attractors. </p><p>Terms for residential buildings reflect such characteristics as <i>function</i> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Holiday_cottage" title="Holiday cottage">holiday cottage</a> (vacation home) or <a href="/wiki/Timeshare" title="Timeshare">timeshare</a> if occupied seasonally); <i>size</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cottage" title="Cottage">cottage</a> or <a href="/wiki/Great_house" title="Great house">great house</a>); <i>value</i> (<a href="/wiki/Shack" title="Shack">shack</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mansion" title="Mansion">mansion</a>); <i>manner of construction</i> (<a href="/wiki/Log_home" class="mw-redirect" title="Log home">log home</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mobile_home" title="Mobile home">mobile home</a>); <i>architectural style</i> (<a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Victorian_house" title="Victorian house">Victorian</a>); and <i>proximity to geographical features</i> (<a href="/wiki/Earth_sheltering" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth sheltering">earth shelter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">stilt house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Houseboat" title="Houseboat">houseboat</a>, or floating home). For residents in need of special care, or those society considers dangerous enough to deprive of <a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">liberty</a>, there are <a href="/wiki/Total_institution" title="Total institution">institutions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nursing_home" title="Nursing home">nursing homes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orphanage" title="Orphanage">orphanages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">psychiatric hospitals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prison" title="Prison">prisons</a>) and group housing (<a href="/wiki/Barracks" title="Barracks">barracks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dormitory" title="Dormitory">dormitories</a>). </p><p>Historically, many people lived in communal buildings called <a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">longhouses</a>, smaller dwellings called <a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">pit-houses</a>, and houses combined with barns, sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Housebarn" title="Housebarn">housebarns</a>. </p><p>Common <a href="/wiki/Building_material" title="Building material">building materials</a> include brick, concrete, stone, and combinations thereof. Buildings are defined to be substantial, permanent structures. Such forms as <a href="/wiki/Yurt" title="Yurt">yurts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motorhome" title="Motorhome">motorhomes</a> are therefore considered <i><a href="/wiki/Dwelling" title="Dwelling">dwellings</a></i> but not <i>buildings</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial">Commercial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commercial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A commercial building is one in which at least one <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a> is based and people do not live. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Retail_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Retail store">stores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hotels</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial">Industrial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Industrial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Industrial buildings are those in which <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industry</a> is done, such as <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a>. These edifices include <a href="/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse">warehouses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Factory" title="Factory">factories</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agricultural">Agricultural</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Agricultural"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agricultural buildings are the <a href="/wiki/Outbuilding" title="Outbuilding">outbuildings</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Barn" title="Barn">barns</a> located on <a href="/wiki/Farm" title="Farm">farms</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mixed_use">Mixed use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mixed use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some buildings incorporate several or multiple different uses, most commonly commercial and residential.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complex">Complex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Complex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Competitiveness_-_Korea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Competitiveness_-_Korea.jpg/220px-Competitiveness_-_Korea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Competitiveness_-_Korea.jpg/330px-Competitiveness_-_Korea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Competitiveness_-_Korea.jpg/440px-Competitiveness_-_Korea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12543" data-file-height="9967" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminum</a> panel framed <a href="/wiki/Steel_building" title="Steel building">steel building</a> in Korea</figcaption></figure> <p>Sometimes a group of inter-related (and possibly inter-connected) builds are referred to as a complex – for example a <a href="/wiki/Housing_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Housing complex">housing complex</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> educational complex,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hospital complex, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creation">Creation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The practice of designing, constructing, and operating buildings is most usually a collective effort of different groups of <a href="/wiki/Professional" title="Professional">professionals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tradesperson" title="Tradesperson">trades</a>. Depending on the size, complexity, and purpose of a particular building project, the project team may include: </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate developer">real estate developer</a> who secures <a href="/wiki/Funding" title="Funding">funding</a> for the project;</li> <li>One or more financial institutions or other investors that provide the funding</li> <li>Local planning and code authorities</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Quantity_surveyor" title="Quantity surveyor">surveyor</a> who performs an ALTA/ACSM and construction surveys throughout the project;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_management" title="Construction management">Construction managers</a> who coordinate the effort of different groups of project participants;</li> <li>Licensed <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architects</a> and <a href="/wiki/Structural_engineering" title="Structural engineering">engineers</a> who provide <a href="/wiki/Building_design" title="Building design">building design</a> and prepare <a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">construction documents</a>;</li> <li>The principal design Engineering disciplines which would normally include the following professionals: <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Structural_engineer" title="Structural engineer">Structural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical</a> building services or HVAC (heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) Electrical Building Services, Plumbing and drainage. Also other possible design Engineer specialists may be involved such as Fire (prevention), Acoustic, façade engineers, building physics, Telecoms, AV (Audio Visual), BMS (Building Management Systems) Automatic controls etc. These design Engineers also prepare construction documents which are issued to specialist contractors to obtain a price for the works and to follow for the installations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_architect" title="Landscape architect">Landscape architects</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior designers</a>;</li> <li>Other consultants;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_contractor" title="General contractor">Contractors</a> who provide <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> services and install building systems such as <a href="/wiki/HVAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVAC">climate control</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrician" title="Electrician">electrical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">plumbing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Painter_and_decorator" class="mw-redirect" title="Painter and decorator">decoration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection">fire protection</a>, <a href="/wiki/Security" title="Security">security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a>;</li> <li>Marketing or <a href="/wiki/Leasing" class="mw-redirect" title="Leasing">leasing</a> agents;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facility_management" title="Facility management">Facility managers</a> who are responsible for operating the building.</li></ul> <p>Regardless of their size or intended use, all buildings in the US must comply with <a href="/wiki/Zoning_ordinance" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoning ordinance">zoning ordinances</a>, <a href="/wiki/Building_code" title="Building code">building codes</a> and other regulations such as <a href="/wiki/Fire_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire code">fire codes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Life_safety_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Life safety code">life safety codes</a> and related standards. </p><p>Vehicles—such as <a href="/wiki/Trailer_(vehicle)" title="Trailer (vehicle)">trailers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travel_trailer" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel trailer">caravans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ships</a> and passenger <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a>—are treated as "buildings" for life safety purposes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ownership_and_funding">Ownership and funding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ownership and funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">Mortgage loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate developer">Real estate developer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_impacts">Environmental impacts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Environmental impacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Green_building#Reducing_environmental_impact" title="Green building">Green building § Reducing environmental impact</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Green_building&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>Buildings represent a large part of energy, electricity, water and materials consumption. As of 2020, they account for 37% of global energy use and energy-related CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> emissions, which the United Nations estimate contributed to 33% of overall worldwide emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Including the manufacturing of building materials, the global CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> emissions were 39%.<sup id="cite_ref-Green_building_globalstatusreport_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green_building_globalstatusreport-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If new technologies in construction are not adopted during this time of rapid growth, emissions could double by 2050, according to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Program</a>. </p><p>Glass buildings, especially all-glass skyscrapers, contribute significantly to climate change due to their energy inefficiency. While these structures are visually appealing and allow abundant natural light, they also trap heat, necessitating increased use of air conditioning systems, which contribute to higher carbon emissions. Experts advocate for design modifications and potential restrictions on all-glass edifices to mitigate their detrimental environmental impact.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buildings account for a large amount of land. According to the <a href="/wiki/National_Resources_Inventory" title="National Resources Inventory">National Resources Inventory</a>, approximately 107 million acres (430,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of land in the United States are developed. The <a href="/wiki/International_Energy_Agency" title="International Energy Agency">International Energy Agency</a> released a publication that estimated that existing buildings are responsible for more than 40% of the world's total primary energy consumption and for 24% of global carbon dioxide emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> According to Global status report from the year 2016, buildings consume more than 30% of all produced energy. The report states that "Under a below 2°C trajectory, effective action to improve building <a href="/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use">energy efficiency</a> could limit building final energy demand to just above current levels, meaning that the average energy intensity of the global building stock would decrease by more than 80% by 2050".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanging_gardens_of_One_Central_Park,_Sydney.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hanging_gardens_of_One_Central_Park%2C_Sydney.jpg/220px-Hanging_gardens_of_One_Central_Park%2C_Sydney.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hanging_gardens_of_One_Central_Park%2C_Sydney.jpg/330px-Hanging_gardens_of_One_Central_Park%2C_Sydney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hanging_gardens_of_One_Central_Park%2C_Sydney.jpg/440px-Hanging_gardens_of_One_Central_Park%2C_Sydney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2792" data-file-height="1617" /></a><figcaption>Hanging gardens of <a href="/wiki/Central_Park,_Sydney" title="Central Park, Sydney">One Central Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a></figcaption></figure>Green building practices aim to reduce the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">environmental impact</a> of building as the building sector has the greatest potential to deliver significant cuts in emissions at little or no cost.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General guidelines can be summarized as follows: Every building should be as small as possible. Avoid contributing to <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">sprawl</a>, even if the most energy-efficient, environmentally sound methods are used in design and construction. Bioclimatic design principles are able to reduce energy expenditure and by extension, carbon emissions. Bioclimatic design is a method of building design that takes local climate into account to create comfortable conditions within the structure.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This could be as simple as constructing a different shape for the <a href="/wiki/Building_envelope" title="Building envelope">building envelope</a> or facing the building towards the south to maximize solar exposure for energy or lighting purposes. Given the limitations of city planned construction, bioclimatic principles may be employed on a lesser scale, however it is still an effective <a href="/wiki/Passive_solar_building_design" title="Passive solar building design">passive method</a> to reduce environmental impact.</div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Green_building" title="Green building">Green building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low-energy_house" title="Low-energy house">Low-energy house</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zero-energy_building" title="Zero-energy building">Zero-energy building</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building_services">Building services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Building services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_plant">Physical plant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Physical plant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Physical_plant" title="Physical plant">Physical plant</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_BB%26T_Building_in_Macon,_Georgia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_BB%26T_Building_in_Macon%2C_Georgia.jpg/170px-The_BB%26T_Building_in_Macon%2C_Georgia.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_BB%26T_Building_in_Macon%2C_Georgia.jpg/255px-The_BB%26T_Building_in_Macon%2C_Georgia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_BB%26T_Building_in_Macon%2C_Georgia.jpg/340px-The_BB%26T_Building_in_Macon%2C_Georgia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The BB&T Building in <a href="/wiki/Macon,_Georgia" title="Macon, Georgia">Macon, Georgia</a> is constructed of <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Any building requires a certain general amount of internal infrastructure to function, which includes such elements like heating / cooling, power and telecommunications, water and wastewater etc. Especially in <a href="/wiki/Commercial_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial building">commercial buildings</a> (such as offices or factories), these can be extremely intricate systems taking up large amounts of space (sometimes located in separate areas or double floors / false ceilings) and constitute a big part of the regular maintenance required. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conveying_systems">Conveying systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Conveying systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Systems for <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transport</a> of people within buildings: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Under_Construction_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Under_Construction_Building.jpg/220px-Under_Construction_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Under_Construction_Building.jpg/330px-Under_Construction_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Under_Construction_Building.jpg/440px-Under_Construction_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>An under construction building in Pune, India. It is a high rise building, located in the South-Eastern Part of the city. In an area commonly known as 'Nine Hills'.</figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalator" title="Escalator">Escalator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_sidewalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Moving sidewalk">Moving sidewalk</a> (horizontal and inclined)</li></ul> <p>Systems for transport of people between interconnected buildings: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skyway" title="Skyway">Skyway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_city" title="Underground city">Underground city</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building_damage">Building damage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Building damage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville,_Quebec,_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg/220px-Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg/330px-Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg/440px-Fire_inside_an_abandoned_convent_in_Massueville%2C_Quebec%2C_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1682" /></a><figcaption>A building in <a href="/wiki/Massueville" title="Massueville">Massueville</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>) engulfed by <a href="/wiki/Fire" title="Fire">fire</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Buildings may be damaged during construction or during maintenance. They may be damaged by accidents<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> involving storms, explosions, subsidence caused by mining,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> water withdrawal<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or poor foundations<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and landslides.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buildings may suffer <a href="/wiki/Fire_damage" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire damage">fire damage</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and flooding.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may become dilapidated through lack of proper maintenance, or alteration work improperly carried out. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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.references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Egenhofer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Egenhofer_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Egenhofer_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Egenhofer_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMax_J._Egenhofer2002" class="citation book cs1">Max J. Egenhofer (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kH8gcJvVWfIC&pg=PA110"><i>Geographic Information Science: Second International Conference, GIScience 2002, Boulder, CO, USA, September 25–28, 2002. Proceedings</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-44253-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-44253-0"><bdi>978-3-540-44253-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geographic+Information+Science%3A+Second+International+Conference%2C+GIScience+2002%2C+Boulder%2C+CO%2C+USA%2C+September+25%E2%80%9328%2C+2002.+Proceedings&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-3-540-44253-0&rft.au=Max+J.+Egenhofer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkH8gcJvVWfIC%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuilding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Building def. 2. Whitney, William Dwight, and Benjamin E. Smith. <i>The Century dictionary and cyclopedia</i>. vol. 1. New York: Century Co., 1901. 712. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Structure. def. 2. <i>Merriam-Webster's dictionary of synonyms: a dictionary of discriminated synonyms with antonyms and analogous and contrasted words</i>.. Springfield, Mass: Merriam-Webster, 1984. 787. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Building. def 1. Sturgis, Russell. <i>A dictionary of architecture and building: biographical, historical, and descriptive</i>. vol. 1. New York: The Macmillan Co.; 1901. 2236. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Francis Wendt and Alan Robert Cerf (1979), <i>Real estate investment analysis and taxation</i>, McGraw-Hill, p. 210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRob_Dunn2014" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dunn_(biologist)" title="Robert Dunn (biologist)">Rob Dunn</a> (Aug 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329830.500-meet-the-lodgers-wildlife-in-the-great-indoors.html?full=true">"Meet the lodgers: Wildlife in the great indoors"</a>. <i>New Scientist</i>: 34–37. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129031849/http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329830.500-meet-the-lodgers-wildlife-in-the-great-indoors.html?full=true">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-11-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Meet+the+lodgers%3A+Wildlife+in+the+great+indoors&rft.pages=34-37&rft.date=2014-08-23&rft.au=Rob+Dunn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg22329830.500-meet-the-lodgers-wildlife-in-the-great-indoors.html%3Ffull%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuilding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPace2004" class="citation book cs1">Pace, Anthony (2004). 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(2020-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-03941-w">"A review of flood damage analysis for a building structure and contents"</a>. <i>Natural Hazards</i>. <b>102</b> (3): 967–995. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatHa.102..967M">2020NatHa.102..967M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11069-020-03941-w">10.1007/s11069-020-03941-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-0840">1573-0840</a>.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/Conservation_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation community">Conservation community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_home" title="Executive home">Executive home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_course_community" title="Golf course community">Golf course community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gated_community" title="Gated community">Gated community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_estate" title="Housing estate">Housing estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_apartment" title="Luxury apartment">Luxury apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMansion" title="McMansion">McMansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">Mixed-use development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_dwellings_company" title="Model dwellings company">Model dwellings for the poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifamily_residential" title="Multifamily residential">Multifamily residential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthouse_apartment" title="Penthouse apartment">Penthouse apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_community" title="Private community">Private community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">Public housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airpark" title="Airpark">Residential airpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_area" title="Residential area">Residential area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retirement_community" title="Retirement community">Retirement community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_house" title="Revenue house">Revenue house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooming_house" title="Rooming house">Rooming house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-room_occupancy" title="Single-room occupancy">Single-room occupancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivision_(land)" title="Subdivision (land)">Subdivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tract_housing" title="Tract housing">Tract housing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science/education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campus" title="Campus">Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_research_parks" title="List of research parks">Research park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_campus" title="Satellite campus">Satellite campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_park" title="Science park">Science park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_municipal_developments" title="Category:Planned municipal developments">Municipal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcology" title="Arcology">Arcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_center" title="Civic center">Civic center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_city_movement" title="Garden city movement">Garden city movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_village" title="Model village">Model village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planned_cities" title="List of planned cities">Planned cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_community" title="Planned community">Planned community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_green_space" title="Urban green space">Urban green space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">parks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buildings</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_building_types" title="List of building types">types</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apartment" title="Apartment">Apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House" title="House">House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_types" title="List of house types">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">Skyscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">Tower block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">Villa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brownfield_land" title="Brownfield land">Brownfield land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery">Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_cluster_development" title="Residential cluster development">Residential cluster development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Context_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Context theory">Context theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield_land" title="Greenfield land">Greenfield land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyfield_land" title="Greyfield land">Greyfield land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundscraper" title="Groundscraper">Groundscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land-use_planning" title="Land-use planning">Land-use planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-building_structure_types" title="List of non-building structure types">Nonbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIMBY" title="NIMBY">NIMBY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parking" title="Parking">Parking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_permission" title="Planning permission">Planning permission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground" title="Playground">Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redevelopment" title="Redevelopment">Redevelopment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_planning" title="Regional planning">Regional planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/16px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/24px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/32px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Housing" title="Portal:Housing">Housing portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rooms_and_spaces_of_a_house" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Room" title="Template:Room"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Room" title="Template talk:Room"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Room" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Room"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rooms_and_spaces_of_a_house" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Room" title="Room">Rooms</a> and spaces of a <a href="/wiki/House" title="House">house</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_area" title="Common area">Shared rooms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonus_room" title="Bonus room">Bonus room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_room" title="Common room">Common room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_(room)" title="Den (room)">Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dining_room" title="Dining room">Dining room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_room" title="Family room">Family room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret" title="Garret">Garret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_room" title="Great room">Great room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_cinema" title="Home cinema">Home cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen" title="Kitchen">Kitchen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_kitchen" title="Dirty kitchen">dirty kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchenette" title="Kitchenette">kitchenette</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_room" title="Living room">Living room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaeceum" title="Gynaeceum">Gynaeceum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">harem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andron_(architecture)" title="Andron (architecture)">Andron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_cave" title="Man cave">man cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreation_room" title="Recreation room">Recreation room</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billiard_room" title="Billiard room">billiard room</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Study_(room)" title="Study (room)">Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunroom" title="Sunroom">Sunroom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private rooms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom" title="Bathroom">Bathroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_(room)" title="Toilet (room)">toilet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedroom" title="Bedroom">Bedroom</a> / Guest room <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closet" title="Closet">closet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedsit" title="Bedsit">Bedsit / Miniflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudoir" title="Boudoir">Boudoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(room)" title="Cabinet (room)">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursery_(room)" title="Nursery (room)">Nursery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atrium_(architecture)" title="Atrium (architecture)">Atrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcony" title="Balcony">Balcony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breezeway" title="Breezeway">Breezeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_pit" title="Conversation pit">Conversation pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubby-hole" title="Cubby-hole">Cubby-hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deck_(building)" title="Deck (building)">Deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dumbwaiter" title="Dumbwaiter">dumbwaiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entryway" class="mw-redirect" title="Entryway">Entryway</a>/<a href="/wiki/Genkan" title="Genkan">Genkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireplace" title="Fireplace">Fireplace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">hearth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobby_(room)" title="Lobby (room)">Foyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall" title="Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallway" title="Hallway">Hallway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inglenook" title="Inglenook">Inglenook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanai_(architecture)" title="Lanai (architecture)">Lanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loft" title="Loft">Loft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">Loggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(architecture)" title="Overhang (architecture)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patio" title="Patio">Patio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porch" title="Porch">Porch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Screened_porch" title="Screened porch">screened</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_porch" title="Sleeping porch">sleeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_ramp" title="Wheelchair ramp">Ramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_passage" title="Secret passage">Secret passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stairs" title="Stairs">Stairs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Staircase" title="Staircase">Staircase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(building)" title="Terrace (building)">Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veranda" title="Veranda">Veranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestibule_(architecture)" title="Vestibule (architecture)">Vestibule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Technical_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical room">Technical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utility_room" title="Utility room">utility</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Storage_room" title="Storage room">storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attic" title="Attic">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basement" title="Basement">Basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carport" title="Carport">Carport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloakroom" title="Cloakroom">Cloakroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closet" title="Closet">Closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawl_space" title="Crawl space">Crawl space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_room" title="Electrical room">Electrical room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equipment_room" title="Equipment room">Equipment room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furnace_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnace room">Furnace room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_room" title="Mechanical room">Boiler room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_(residential)" title="Garage (residential)">Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janitorial_closet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janitorial closet">Janitorial closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larder" title="Larder">Larder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry_room" title="Laundry room">Laundry room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Utility_room" title="Utility room">Utility room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Storage_room" title="Storage room">Storage room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_room" title="Mechanical room">Mechanical room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_floor" title="Mechanical floor">floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantry" title="Pantry">Pantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_cellar" title="Root cellar">Root cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-basement" title="Semi-basement">Semi-basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_cellar" title="Storm cellar">Storm cellar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Safe_room" title="Safe room">Safe room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio" title="Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardrobe" title="Wardrobe">Wardrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiring_closet" title="Wiring closet">Wiring closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workshop" title="Workshop">Workshop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_house" title="Great house">Great house</a> areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antechamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Antechamber">Antechamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballroom" title="Ballroom">Ballroom</a></li> <li>Kitchen-related <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butler%27s_pantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Butler's pantry">butler's pantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttery_(room)" title="Buttery (room)">buttery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saucery" title="Saucery">saucery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scullery" title="Scullery">scullery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicery" title="Spicery">spicery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_room" title="Still room">still room</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatory_(greenhouse)" title="Conservatory (greenhouse)">Conservatory</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orangery" title="Orangery">Orangery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtyard" title="Courtyard">Courtyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing_room" title="Drawing room">Drawing room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_chamber" title="Great chamber">Great chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_hall" title="Great hall">Great hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_gallery" title="Long gallery">Long gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumber_room" title="Lumber room">Lumber room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlour" title="Parlour">Parlour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauna" title="Sauna">Sauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants%27_hall" title="Servants' hall">Servants' hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants%27_quarters" title="Servants' quarters">Servants' quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_room" title="Smoking room">Smoking room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_(room)" title="Solar (room)">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_room" title="State room">State room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool" title="Swimming pool">Swimming pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turret_(architecture)" title="Turret (architecture)">Turret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercroft" title="Undercroft">Undercroft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">Furniture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_compartment" title="Hidden compartment">Hidden room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House" title="House">House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_plan" title="House plan">house plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_styles" title="List of house styles">styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_types" title="List of house types">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-family_residential" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-family residential">Multi-family residential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_suite" title="Secondary suite">Secondary suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplex_(building)" title="Duplex (building)">Duplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraced_house" title="Terraced house">Terraced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-family_detached_home" title="Single-family detached home">Detached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-detached" title="Semi-detached">Semi-detached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townhouse" title="Townhouse">Townhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_apartment" title="Studio apartment">Studio apartment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architectural</a><br />elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balconet" title="Balconet">Balconet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluster" title="Baluster">Baluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_course" title="Belt course">Belt course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bressummer" title="Bressummer">Bressummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceiling" title="Ceiling">Ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney">Chimney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">Colonnade</a> / <a href="/wiki/Portico" title="Portico">Portico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornice" title="Cornice">Cornice</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eaves" title="Eaves">Eaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Door" title="Door">Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ell_(architecture)" title="Ell (architecture)">Ell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor" title="Floor">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)" title="Foundation (engineering)">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">Gable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate" title="Gate">Gate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal_(architecture)" title="Portal (architecture)">Portal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">Lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornament_(art)" title="Ornament (art)">Ornament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">Plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quoin" title="Quoin">Quoins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof" title="Roof">Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_lantern" title="Roof lantern">Roof lantern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sill_plate" title="Sill plate">Sill plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architectural_styles" title="List of architectural styles">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylight" title="Skylight">Skylight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_(architecture)" title="Threshold (architecture)">Threshold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transom_(architecture)" title="Transom (architecture)">Transom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_(architecture)" title="Vault (architecture)">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall" title="Wall">Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window" title="Window">Window</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backyard" title="Backyard">Backyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driveway" title="Driveway">Driveway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_yard" title="Front yard">Front yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Back garden">Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home" title="Home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_improvement" title="Home improvement">Home improvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_repair" title="Home repair">Home repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed" title="Shed">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_house" title="Tree house">Tree house</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Rooms" title="Category:Rooms">Category: Rooms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41176#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" 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