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Bookman</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Xiaohan Bookman"> <meta name="keywords" content="Xiaohan Bookman"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Xiaohan Bookman"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Xiaohan Bookman</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Max-Entropy Feed-Forward Clustering Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohan%20Bookman">Xiaohan Bookman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyan%20Zhu"> Xiaoyan Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The outputs of non-linear feed-forward neural network are positive, which could be treated as probability when they are normalized to one. If we take Entropy-Based Principle into consideration, the outputs for each sample could be represented as the distribution of this sample for different clusters. Entropy-Based Principle is the principle with which we could estimate the unknown distribution under some limited conditions. As this paper defines two processes in Feed-Forward Neural Network, our limited condition is the abstracted features of samples which are worked out in the abstraction process. And the final outputs are the probability distribution for different clusters in the clustering process. As Entropy-Based Principle is considered into the feed-forward neural network, a clustering method is born. We have conducted some experiments on six open UCI data sets, comparing with a few baselines and applied purity as the measurement. The results illustrate that our method outperforms all the other baselines that are most popular clustering methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed-forward%20neural%20network" title="feed-forward neural network">feed-forward neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=max-entropy%20principle" title=" max-entropy principle"> max-entropy principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20models" title=" probabilistic models "> probabilistic models </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26856/max-entropy-feed-forward-clustering-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Margin-Based Feed-Forward Neural Network Classifiers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohan%20Bookman">Xiaohan Bookman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyan%20Zhu"> Xiaoyan Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Margin-Based Principle has been proposed for a long time, it has been proved that this principle could reduce the structural risk and improve the performance in both theoretical and practical aspects. Meanwhile, feed-forward neural network is a traditional classifier, which is very hot at present with a deeper architecture. However, the training algorithm of feed-forward neural network is developed and generated from Widrow-Hoff Principle that means to minimize the squared error. In this paper, we propose a new training algorithm for feed-forward neural networks based on Margin-Based Principle, which could effectively promote the accuracy and generalization ability of neural network classifiers with less labeled samples and flexible network. We have conducted experiments on four UCI open data sets and achieved good results as expected. In conclusion, our model could handle more sparse labeled and more high-dimension data set in a high accuracy while modification from old ANN method to our method is easy and almost free of work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Max-Margin%20Principle" title="Max-Margin Principle">Max-Margin Principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feed-Forward%20Neural%20Network" title=" Feed-Forward Neural Network"> Feed-Forward Neural Network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classifier" title=" classifier"> classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20risk" title=" structural risk"> structural risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27178/margin-based-feed-forward-neural-network-classifiers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Substitution Effects of Baijiu and Cigarette Consumption on Anti-Corruption Campaigns: Evidence from China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohan%20Gu">Xiaohan Gu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> China is perceived as one of the most politically corrupt countries in the world. The 2021 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index China (RPC) ranks the country in 66th place out of 180 countries in the Index, where the 180 countries are perceived to have the most corrupt public sector. This paper proposes a theory on the impact of corruption on the consumption of luxury goods. We test the theory and evaluate the effectiveness of China’s anti-corruption campaign in 2012 by conducting a difference-in-differences analysis of product-city-level alcohol and cigarette consumption from 2013 to 2022. We find that the campaign increased sales of middle-end baijiu and cigarettes but decreased sales of luxury baijiu and cigarettes, contrasting with the trend for low-end products. This substitution pattern may be attributable to decreased public spending on luxury goods. This substitution pattern is moderated by officials’ wages and anti-corruption efforts, which supports the theoretical predictions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substitution%20effect" title="substitution effect">substitution effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baijiu" title=" baijiu"> baijiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title=" corruption"> corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-corruption" title=" anti-corruption"> anti-corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chinese%20political%20connection" title=" chinese political connection"> chinese political connection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166576/substitution-effects-of-baijiu-and-cigarette-consumption-on-anti-corruption-campaigns-evidence-from-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> CFD Study on the Effect of Primary Air on Combustion of Simulated MSW Process in the Fixed Bed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Sun">Rui Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamer%20M.%20Ismail"> Tamer M. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohan%20Ren"> Xiaohan Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abd%20El-Salam"> M. Abd El-Salam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the key scopes in the global clean energy strategy. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was established. In order to reveal these features of the combustion process in a fixed porous bed of MSW. Transporting equations and process rate equations of the waste bed were modeled and set up to describe the incineration process, according to the local thermal conditions and waste property characters. Gas phase turbulence was modeled using k-ε turbulent model and the particle phase was modeled using the kinetic theory of granular flow. The heterogeneous reaction rates were determined using Arrhenius eddy dissipation and the Arrhenius-diffusion reaction rates. The effects of primary air flow rate and temperature in the burning process of simulated MSW are investigated experimentally and numerically. The simulation results in bed are accordant with experimental data well. The model provides detailed information on burning processes in the fixed bed, which is otherwise very difficult to obtain by conventional experimental techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics%20%28CFD%29%20model" title="computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model">computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20incineration" title=" waste incineration"> waste incineration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste%20%28MSW%29" title=" municipal solid waste (MSW)"> municipal solid waste (MSW)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20bed" title=" fixed bed"> fixed bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20air" title=" primary air "> primary air </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18091/cfd-study-on-the-effect-of-primary-air-on-combustion-of-simulated-msw-process-in-the-fixed-bed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Research on Planning Strategy of Characteristic Town from the Perspective of Ecological Concept: A Case Study on Hangzhou Dream Town in Zhejiang</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohan%20Ye">Xiaohan Ye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Under the new normal situation, some urban spaces with the industrial base and regional features in Zhejiang, China have been selected to build a characteristic town, a kind of environmentally-friendly development platform with city-industry integrated, in an attempt to achieve the most optimized layout of productivity with the least space resource. After analysis on the connotation, mechanism and mode of characteristic town in Zhejiang, it is suggested in this paper that characteristic town should take improving the regional ecological environment as an important object in planning strategy from the perspective of ecological concept. Improved environmental quality, optimized resource allocation, and compact industrial distribution should be realized so as to drive the regional green and sustainable development. Finally, this paper analyzes location selection, industrial distribution, spatial organization and environment construction based on the exploration of the dream town of Zhejiang province, the first batch of provincial-level characteristic towns to demonstrate how to apply the ecological concept to the design of characteristic town. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characteristic%20town" title="characteristic town">characteristic town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20concept" title=" ecological concept"> ecological concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hangzhou%20dream%20town" title=" Hangzhou dream town"> Hangzhou dream town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20strategy" title=" planning strategy"> planning strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67261/research-on-planning-strategy-of-characteristic-town-from-the-perspective-of-ecological-concept-a-case-study-on-hangzhou-dream-town-in-zhejiang" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> The Characteristics of Settlement Owing to the Construction of Several Parallel Tunnels with Short Distances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lojain%20Suliman">Lojain Suliman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinrong%20Liu"> Xinrong Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohan%20Zhou"> Xiaohan Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since most tunnels are built in crowded metropolitan settings, the excavation process must take place in highly condensed locations, including high-density cities. In this way, the tunnels are typically located close together, which leads to more interaction between the parallel existing tunnels, and this, in turn, leads to more settlement. This research presents an examination of the impact of a large-scale tunnel excavation on two forms of settlement: surface settlement and settlement surrounding the tunnel. Additionally, research has been done on the properties of interactions between two and three parallel tunnels. The settlement has been evaluated using three primary techniques: theoretical modeling, numerical simulation, and data monitoring. Additionally, a parametric investigation on how distance affects the settlement characteristic for parallel tunnels with short distances has been completed. Additionally, it has been observed that the sequence of excavation has an impact on the behavior of settlements. Nevertheless, a comparison of the model test and numerical simulation yields significant agreement in terms of settlement trend and value. Additionally, when compared to the FEM study, the suggested analytical solution exhibits reduced sensitivity in the settlement prediction. For example, the settlement of the small tunnel diameter does not appear clearly on the settlement curve, while it is notable in the FEM analysis. It is advised, however, that additional studies be conducted in the future employing analytical solutions for settlement prediction for parallel tunnels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=settlement" title="settlement">settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20solution" title=" analytical solution"> analytical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20tunnels" title=" parallel tunnels"> parallel tunnels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187803/the-characteristics-of-settlement-owing-to-the-construction-of-several-parallel-tunnels-with-short-distances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">36</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Energy-Aware Scheduling in Real-Time Systems: An Analysis of Fair Share Scheduling and Priority-Driven Preemptive Scheduling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Xiaohan">Su Xiaohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Chicheng"> Jin Chicheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Yijing"> Liu Yijing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burra%20Venkata%20Durga%20Kumar"> Burra Venkata Durga Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy-aware scheduling in real-time systems aims to minimize energy consumption, but issues related to resource reservation and timing constraints remain challenges. This study focuses on analyzing two scheduling algorithms, Fair-Share Scheduling (FFS) and Priority-Driven Preemptive Scheduling (PDPS), for solving these issues and energy-aware scheduling in real-time systems. Based on research on both algorithms and the processes of solving two problems, it can be found that Fair-Share Scheduling ensures fair allocation of resources but needs to improve with an imbalanced system load, and Priority-Driven Preemptive Scheduling prioritizes tasks based on criticality to meet timing constraints through preemption but relies heavily on task prioritization and may not be energy efficient. Therefore, improvements to both algorithms with energy-aware features will be proposed. Future work should focus on developing hybrid scheduling techniques that minimize energy consumption through intelligent task prioritization, resource allocation, and meeting time constraints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-aware%20scheduling" title="energy-aware scheduling">energy-aware scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fair-share%20scheduling" title=" fair-share scheduling"> fair-share scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=priority-driven%20preemptive%20scheduling" title=" priority-driven preemptive scheduling"> priority-driven preemptive scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20systems" title=" real-time systems"> real-time systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20reservation" title=" resource reservation"> resource reservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timing%20constraints" title=" timing constraints"> timing constraints</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169550/energy-aware-scheduling-in-real-time-systems-an-analysis-of-fair-share-scheduling-and-priority-driven-preemptive-scheduling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> The Regulation of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 6 (IL6) by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Xiaohan">Liu Xiaohan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus and is closely related to many malignancies of lymphocyte and epithelial origins, such as gastric cancer, Burkitt’s lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC is a malignant epithelial tumor which is 100% associated with EBV latent infection. Most of the NPC cases are densely populated in southern China, especially in Guangdong and Hong Kong. To our knowledge, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines may result in a loss of balance of the immune system and cause damage to human bodies. Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in tumor progression. In addition, gene expression is regulated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional pathways, while post-transcriptional regulation is an important mechanism to modulate the mature mRNA level in mammalian cells. AU-rich element binding factor 1 (AUF1)/heterogeneous nuclear RNP D (hnRNP D) is known for its function in destabilizing mRNAs, including cytokines and cell cycle regulators. Previous studies have found that overexpression of hnRNP D would lead to tumorigenesis. In this project, our aim is to determine the role played by hnRNP D in EBV-infected cells and how our anti-EBV agents can affect the function of hnRNP D. The results of this study will provide a new insight into how the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression can be regulated by EBV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interleukin%206%20%28IL6%29" title="interleukin 6 (IL6)">interleukin 6 (IL6)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epstein-barr%20virus%20%28EBV%29" title=" epstein-barr virus (EBV)"> epstein-barr virus (EBV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nasopharyngeal%20carcinoma%20%28NPC" title=" nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC"> nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epstein-barr%20nuclear%20antigen-1%20%28EBNA1%29" title=" epstein-barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1)"> epstein-barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173829/the-regulation-of-the-pro-inflammatory-cytokine-interleukin-6-il6-by-epstein-barr-virus-ebv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> A Study of Spatial Resilience Strategies for Schools Based on Sustainable Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohan%20Gao">Xiaohan Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Liu"> Kai Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As essential components of urban areas, primary and secondary schools are extensively distributed throughout various regions of the city. During times of urban disturbances, these schools become direct carriers of complex disruptions. Therefore, fostering resilient schools becomes a pivotal driving force to promote high-quality urban development and a cornerstone of sustainable school growth. This paper adopts the theory of spatial resilience and focuses on primary and secondary schools in Chinese cities as the research subject. The study first explores the potential disturbance risks faced by schools and delves into the origin and concept of spatial resilience in the educational context. Subsequently, the paper conducts a meta-analysis to characterize the spatial resilience of primary and secondary schools and devises a spatial resilience planning mechanism. Drawing insights from exemplary cases both domestically and internationally, the research formulates spatial and planning resilience strategies for primary and secondary schools to cope with perturbations. These strategies encompass creating an overall layout that integrates harmoniously with nature, promoting organic growth in the planning structure, fostering ecological balance in the landscape system, and enabling dynamic adaptation in architectural spaces. By cultivating the capacity for "resistance-adaptation-transformation," these approaches support sustainable development within the school space. The ultimate goal of this project is to establish a cohesive and harmonious layout that advances the sustainable development of primary and secondary schools while contributing to the overall resilience of urban areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20disruption" title="complex disruption">complex disruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20and%20secondary%20schools" title=" primary and secondary schools"> primary and secondary schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20resilience" title=" spatial resilience"> spatial resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170777/a-study-of-spatial-resilience-strategies-for-schools-based-on-sustainable-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Design of Bacterial Pathogens Identification System Based on Scattering of Laser Beam Light and Classification of Binned Plots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Hussain">Mubashir Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mu%20Lv"> Mu Lv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohan%20Dong"> Xiaohan Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiyang%20Li"> Zhiyang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Liu"> Bin Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nongyue%20He"> Nongyue He</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Detection and classification of microbes have a vast range of applications in biomedical engineering especially in detection, characterization, and quantification of bacterial contaminants. For identification of pathogens, different techniques are emerging in the field of biomedical engineering. Latest technology uses light scattering, capable of identifying different pathogens without any need for biochemical processing. Bacterial Pathogens Identification System (BPIS) which uses a laser beam, passes through the sample and light scatters off. An assembly of photodetectors surrounded by the sample at different angles to detect the scattering of light. The algorithm of the system consists of two parts: (a) Library files, and (b) Comparator. Library files contain data of known species of bacterial microbes in the form of binned plots, while comparator compares data of unknown sample with library files. Using collected data of unknown bacterial species, highest voltage values stored in the form of peaks and arranged in 3D histograms to find the frequency of occurrence. Resulting data compared with library files of known bacterial species. If sample data matching with any library file of known bacterial species, sample identified as a matched microbe. An experiment performed to identify three different bacteria particles: Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. By applying algorithm using library files of given samples, results were compromising. This system is potentially applicable to several biomedical areas, especially those related to cell morphology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20identification" title="microbial identification">microbial identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20scattering" title=" laser scattering"> laser scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20identification" title=" peak identification"> peak identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binned%20plots%20classification" title=" binned plots classification"> binned plots classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95711/design-of-bacterial-pathogens-identification-system-based-on-scattering-of-laser-beam-light-and-classification-of-binned-plots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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