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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of mollusc</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Gumboot chiton </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cryptochiton_stelleri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Cryptochiton_stelleri.jpg/220px-Cryptochiton_stelleri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Cryptochiton_stelleri.jpg/330px-Cryptochiton_stelleri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Cryptochiton_stelleri.jpg/440px-Cryptochiton_stelleri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4304" data-file-height="2852" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Cryptochiton" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">Mollusca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiton" title="Chiton">Polyplacophora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chitonida" title="Chitonida">Chitonida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acanthochitonidae" title="Acanthochitonidae">Acanthochitonidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Cryptochiton</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Middendorff" title="Alexander von Middendorff">von Middendorff</a>, 1847</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>C. stelleri</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Cryptochiton stelleri</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(von Middendorff, 1847)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Chiton stelleri</i> <small>von Middendorf, 1847</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>gumboot chiton</b> (<i>Cryptochiton stelleri</i>), also known as the <b>giant western fiery chiton</b> or <b>giant Pacific chiton</b>, is the largest of the <a href="/wiki/Chiton" title="Chiton">chitons</a>, growing to 36 cm (14 in) and capable of reaching a weight of more than 2 kg (4.4 lb). It is found along the shores of the northern <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> from <a href="/wiki/Central_California" title="Central California">Central California</a> to <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, across the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Peninsula" title="Kamchatka Peninsula">Kamchatka Peninsula</a> and south to <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricketts_105_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricketts_105-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cowles_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowles-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It inhabits the lower <a href="/wiki/Foreshore" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreshore">intertidal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neritic_zone" title="Neritic zone">subtidal zones</a> of rocky coastlines. The gumboot chiton's appearance has led some <a href="/wiki/Tide_pool" title="Tide pool">tidepoolers</a> to refer to it, fondly, as the "wandering <a href="/wiki/Meatloaf" title="Meatloaf">meatloaf</a>". The name "gumboot chiton" seems to derive from a resemblance to part of a rubber <a href="/wiki/Wellington_boot" title="Wellington boot">Wellington boot</a> or "gum rubber" boot.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chitons are <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">molluscs</a> that have eight armored plates (called <a href="/wiki/Valve_(mollusc)" title="Valve (mollusc)">valves</a>) running in a flexible line down their back. Unlike most chitons, the gumboot's valves are completely hidden by its leathery upper skin or <i><a href="/wiki/Valve_(chiton)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valve (chiton)">girdle</a></i> that usually is reddish-brown or brown, but occasionally is orange in color. </p><p>Chitons have long arrays of fine <a href="/wiki/Tooth" title="Tooth">teeth</a> that are partially made of <a href="/wiki/Magnetite" title="Magnetite">magnetite</a>, making its teeth hard enough to scrape <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> off rocks.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The styli enclosing their teeth contain the mineral <a href="/wiki/Santabarbaraite" title="Santabarbaraite">santabarbaraite</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pratesi_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pratesi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making the gumboot the first organism known to use this material.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gumboot_chiton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Latin name <i>Cryptochiton stelleri</i> means <i>Steller's hidden chiton</i>. "Steller" is in honor of the eighteenth-century German <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Steller" title="Georg Wilhelm Steller">Georg Wilhelm Steller</a>, who first described many species of the northern Pacific seashore. "Hidden" or "concealed" refers to the fact that the eight shelly plates characteristic of chitons are not visible, atypically being totally internal in this genus of chiton.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many taxonomic names for chitons are based on the appearance of their plates or valves, so it is most likely that the "hidden" portion of the name refers to the valves being completely obscured by the gumboot's girdle.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gumboot_chiton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cryptochiton_stelleri_underside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cryptochiton_stelleri_underside.jpg/220px-Cryptochiton_stelleri_underside.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cryptochiton_stelleri_underside.jpg/330px-Cryptochiton_stelleri_underside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cryptochiton_stelleri_underside.jpg/440px-Cryptochiton_stelleri_underside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>The underside of a live <i>Cryptochiton stelleri</i>, showing the foot, in the center, surrounded by the gills and mantle, the mouth is visible above and to the left of the foot</figcaption></figure> <p>The gumboot chiton's underside is orange or yellow and consists mostly of a large foot similar to that of other molluscs such as snails or slugs, with <a href="/wiki/Gill" title="Gill">gills</a> found in grooves running along the outer edge of the foot.<sup id="cite_ref-Cowles_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowles-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gumboot chiton is found clinging to rocks, moving slowly in search of its primary diet of <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> that is scraped off rocks with its rasp-like retractable <a href="/wiki/Radula" title="Radula">radula</a>, which are covered with rows of <a href="/wiki/Magnetite" title="Magnetite">magnetite</a>-tipped teeth. It also eats other marine vegetation such as <a href="/wiki/Sea_lettuce" title="Sea lettuce">sea lettuce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macrocystis_pyrifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrocystis pyrifera">giant kelp</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Nocturnality" title="Nocturnality">nocturnal</a> creature, the gumboot generally feeds at night and often remains in a hiding place during the day—although on foggy days it may be found exposed in <a href="/wiki/Tide_pool" title="Tide pool">tide pools</a> or on rocks.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricketts_et_al._p_103_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricketts_et_al._p_103-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The gumboot may live for more than 40 years. Several other animal species have been observed living within the gumboot's gills; the relationship is thought to be <a href="/wiki/Commensalism" title="Commensalism">commensal</a>: benefiting from but not harming the chiton. One researcher found that more than a quarter of gumboots hosted an <i><a href="/wiki/Arctonoe_vittata" title="Arctonoe vittata">Arctonoe vittata</a></i>, a pale yellow <a href="/wiki/Polynoidae" title="Polynoidae">scale worm</a> that can grow up to 10 cm (3.9 in) length.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricketts_105_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricketts_105-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opisthopus_transversus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opisthopus transversus (page does not exist)">Opisthopus transversus</a></i>, a small <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crab</a>, may be found within the gills of the gumboot.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricketts_105_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricketts_105-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The gumboot chiton's bony armoring plates, called "butterfly shells" due to their shape, sometimes are found washed up on beaches, as may whole chitons. The gumboot keeps a weaker grip on the rocks that make up its home than most chitons do and therefore, it is not unusual for them to be knocked loose by heavy waves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Predators">Predators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gumboot_chiton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Predators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermit_crabs_scavenge_at_Gumboot_chiton_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Hermit_crabs_scavenge_at_Gumboot_chiton_2.jpg/220px-Hermit_crabs_scavenge_at_Gumboot_chiton_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Hermit_crabs_scavenge_at_Gumboot_chiton_2.jpg/330px-Hermit_crabs_scavenge_at_Gumboot_chiton_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Hermit_crabs_scavenge_at_Gumboot_chiton_2.jpg/440px-Hermit_crabs_scavenge_at_Gumboot_chiton_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1777" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hermit_crab" title="Hermit crab">Hermit crabs</a> and live <i><a href="/wiki/Tegula_funebralis" title="Tegula funebralis">Tegula funebralis</a></i> snails on a dead gumboot chiton, <i>Cryptochiton stelleri</i>, in a <a href="/wiki/Tide_pool" title="Tide pool">tide pool</a> at low tide in central <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></figcaption></figure> <p>It has few natural predators, the most common being the <a href="/wiki/Paciocinebrina_lurida" title="Paciocinebrina lurida">lurid rocksnail</a>, <i>Paciocinebrina lurida</i>—although the small snail's efforts to consume the chiton generally are limited to the outer mantle only. Sometimes it is reported that the lurid rocksnail is the gumboot chiton's only predator,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but others list such animals as the sea star <i><a href="/wiki/Pisaster_ochraceus" title="Pisaster ochraceus">Pisaster ochraceus</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Race_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Race-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some <a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">octopus</a> species,<sup id="cite_ref-Race_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Race-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">sea otter</a> as predators upon the gumboot.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_use_as_food">Human use as food</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gumboot_chiton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Human use as food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its flesh is edible and has been used as food by <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>, as well as by <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russian</a> settlers in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Alaska" title="Southeast Alaska">Southeast Alaska</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricketts_et_al._p_103_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricketts_et_al._p_103-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it generally is not considered palatable, having a texture described as extremely tough and rubbery. </p><p>The writers of <i>Between Pacific Tides</i> detailed their culinary assessment of the gumboot: "After one experiment the writers decided to reserve the animals for times of famine; one tough, paper-thin steak was all that could be obtained from a large cryptochiton, and it radiated such a penetrating fishy odor that it was discarded before it reached the frying pan."<sup id="cite_ref-Ricketts_et_al._p_103_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricketts_et_al._p_103-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gumboot_chiton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSheldon,_Ian1988" class="citation book cs1">Sheldon, Ian (1988). <i>Seashore of the Pacific Northwest</i>. Lone Pine Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55105-161-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-55105-161-3"><bdi>1-55105-161-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seashore+of+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.pub=Lone+Pine+Publishing&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=1-55105-161-3&rft.au=Sheldon%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGumboot+chiton" class="Z3988"></span> p. 92</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060213181829/http://www.mbayaq.org/efc/living_species/default.asp?hOri=1&inhab=481">Gumboot chiton</a>, From the <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Bay_Aquarium" title="Monterey Bay Aquarium">Monterey Bay Aquarium</a> Online Field Guide.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20111020115246/http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=79031">Taxonomic data</a> from ITIS, the Integrated Taxonomic Information System.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gumboot_chiton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce_Marshall_&_Enrico_Schwabe2015" class="citation web cs1">Bruce Marshall & Enrico Schwabe (2015). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240776">"<i>Cryptochiton stelleri</i> (Middendorff, 1847)"</a>. <i>MolluscaBase</i>. <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MolluscaBase&rft.atitle=Cryptochiton+stelleri+%28Middendorff%2C+1847%29&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Bruce+Marshall+%26+Enrico+Schwabe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%2Faphia.php%3Fp%3Dtaxdetails%26id%3D240776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGumboot+chiton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ricketts_105-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ricketts_105_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ricketts_105_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ricketts_105_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRickettsCalvinHedgepeth1992">Ricketts, Calvin & Hedgepeth (1992)</a>, p. 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cowles-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cowles_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cowles_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowles2005" class="citation web cs1">Cowles, Dave (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060901103918/http://www.rosario.wwc.edu/inverts/Mollusca/Polyplacophora/Cryptochiton_stelleri.html">"<i>Cryptochiton stelleri</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rosario.wwc.edu/inverts/Mollusca/Polyplacophora/Cryptochiton_stelleri.html">the original</a> on 2006-09-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cryptochiton+stelleri&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Cowles&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rosario.wwc.edu%2Finverts%2FMollusca%2FPolyplacophora%2FCryptochiton_stelleri.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGumboot+chiton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFields1999">Fields (1999)</a>, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2019-02-magnetic-teeth-materials-energy.html">"Magnetic teeth hold promise for materials and energy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magnetic+teeth+hold+promise+for+materials+and+energy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2019-02-magnetic-teeth-materials-energy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGumboot+chiton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pratesi-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pratesi_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pratesi G., Cipriani C., Guili G., and Birch W. D. (2003) Santabarbaraite: a new amorphous phosphate mineral. <i>European Journal of Mineralogy</i>.<i>15</i>, 185-192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAthens2021" class="citation news cs1">Athens, Emily (31 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/31/science/mollusk-wandering-meatloaf-santabarbaraite.html">"How the 'Wandering Meatloaf' Got Its Rock-Hard Teeth"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+the+%27Wandering+Meatloaf%27+Got+Its+Rock-Hard+Teeth&rft.date=2021-05-31&rft.aulast=Athens&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F05%2F31%2Fscience%2Fmollusk-wandering-meatloaf-santabarbaraite.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGumboot+chiton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060315180145/http://ebiomedia.com/gall/larvae/larva4A.html">"BioMEDIA's Gumboot Chiton page"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebiomedia.com/gall/larvae/larva4A.html">the original</a> on 2006-03-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BioMEDIA%27s+Gumboot+Chiton+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Febiomedia.com%2Fgall%2Flarvae%2Flarva4A.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGumboot+chiton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLichen2001">Lichen (2001)</a>, p. 102</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ricketts_et_al._p_103-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ricketts_et_al._p_103_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ricketts_et_al._p_103_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ricketts_et_al._p_103_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRickettsCalvinHedgepeth1992">Ricketts, Calvin & Hedgepeth (1992)</a>, p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060212061535/http://www.mbayaq.org/efc/living_species/default.asp?hOri=0&hab=5&inhab=481">"Monterey Bay Aquarium"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbayaq.org/efc/living_species/default.asp?hOri=0&hab=5&inhab=481">the original</a> on 2006-02-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monterey+Bay+Aquarium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbayaq.org%2Fefc%2Fliving_species%2Fdefault.asp%3FhOri%3D0%26hab%3D5%26inhab%3D481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGumboot+chiton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Race-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Race_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Race_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060117093239/http://www.racerocks.com/racerock/eco/taxalab/ensy02/sarahm.htm">"<i>Cryptochiton stelleri</i>"</a>. <i>The Race Rocks Taxonomy</i>. Race Rocks Ecological Preserve. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.racerocks.com/racerock/eco/taxalab/ensy02/sarahm.htm">the original</a> on 2006-01-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Race+Rocks+Taxonomy&rft.atitle=Cryptochiton+stelleri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.racerocks.com%2Fracerock%2Feco%2Ftaxalab%2Fensy02%2Fsarahm.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGumboot+chiton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerrinWürsigThewissen2002">Perrin, Würsig & Thewissen (2002)</a>, p. 847</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_2">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gumboot_chiton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFields1999" class="citation book cs1">Fields, Carmen (1999). <i>Alaska's Seashore Creatures: a guide to selected marine invertebrates</i>. Alaska Northwest Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88240-516-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88240-516-0"><bdi>0-88240-516-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alaska%27s+Seashore+Creatures%3A+a+guide+to+selected+marine+invertebrates&rft.pub=Alaska+Northwest+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-88240-516-0&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=Carmen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGumboot+chiton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLichen2001" class="citation book cs1">Lichen, Patricia (2001). <i>Brittle Stars & Mudbugs: an Uncommon Field Guide to Northwest Shorelines & Wetlands</i>. Illustrated by Linda M. Feltner. Seattle, WA: Sasquatch Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781570612206" title="Special:BookSources/9781570612206"><bdi>9781570612206</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brittle+Stars+%26+Mudbugs%3A+an+Uncommon+Field+Guide+to+Northwest+Shorelines+%26+Wetlands&rft.place=Seattle%2C+WA&rft.pub=Sasquatch+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781570612206&rft.aulast=Lichen&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGumboot+chiton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerrinWürsigThewissen2002" class="citation book cs1">Perrin, William; Würsig, Bernd; <a href="/wiki/Hans_Thewissen" title="Hans Thewissen">Thewissen, J. G. M.</a> (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofma2002unse"><i>Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals</i></a></span>. Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-551340-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-551340-1"><bdi>978-0-12-551340-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Marine+Mammals&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-12-551340-1&rft.aulast=Perrin&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=W%C3%BCrsig%2C+Bernd&rft.au=Thewissen%2C+J.+G.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofma2002unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGumboot+chiton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRickettsCalvinHedgepeth1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Ricketts" title="Ed Ricketts">Ricketts, Edward</a>; Calvin, Jack; Hedgepeth, Joel (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/betweenpacificti0000rick"><i>Between Pacific Tides</i></a></span> (5th ed.). Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2068-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2068-1"><bdi>0-8047-2068-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Pacific+Tides&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8047-2068-1&rft.aulast=Ricketts&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Calvin%2C+Jack&rft.au=Hedgepeth%2C+Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbetweenpacificti0000rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGumboot+chiton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gumboot_chiton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cryptochiton_stelleri" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cryptochiton stelleri"><i>Cryptochiton stelleri</i></a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Cryptochiton stelleri</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1861188" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1861188">Q1861188</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=30128">30128</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/ZWHP">ZWHP</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/403806">403806</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5193725">5193725</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/49053">49053</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10422645">10422645</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=79032">79032</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.972166/">2.972166</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=6655">6655</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System" title="Ocean Biodiversity Information System">OBIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obis.org/taxon/240776">240776</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=632182">632182</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=293958">293958</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/SeaLifeBase" title="SeaLifeBase">SeaLifeBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sealifebase.ca/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=58404">58404</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240776">240776</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gumboot_chiton&oldid=1182432539">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gumboot_chiton&oldid=1182432539</a>"</div></div> <div 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