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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>OBIS portal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OBIS_portal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_OBIS_nodes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_OBIS_nodes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Regional OBIS nodes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_OBIS_nodes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_publications_about_OBIS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_publications_about_OBIS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Selected publications about OBIS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_publications_about_OBIS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-OBIS_International_Portal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OBIS_International_Portal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>OBIS International Portal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OBIS_International_Portal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_OBIS_nodes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_OBIS_nodes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Regional OBIS nodes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_OBIS_nodes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thematic_nodes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thematic_nodes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Thematic nodes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thematic_nodes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parent_project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parent_project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Parent project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parent_project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ocean Biodiversity Information System</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Ocean Biodiversity Information System</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data">web-based data and information system</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obis.org/">www.obis.org</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial</th><td class="infobox-data">no</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data">not required</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">May 2000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">active</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OBIS_records_for_ocean_sunfish,_Mola_mola,_as_at_July_2018,_visualised_by_the_OBIS_mapper_(www.iobis.org).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/OBIS_records_for_ocean_sunfish%2C_Mola_mola%2C_as_at_July_2018%2C_visualised_by_the_OBIS_mapper_%28www.iobis.org%29.jpg/220px-OBIS_records_for_ocean_sunfish%2C_Mola_mola%2C_as_at_July_2018%2C_visualised_by_the_OBIS_mapper_%28www.iobis.org%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/OBIS_records_for_ocean_sunfish%2C_Mola_mola%2C_as_at_July_2018%2C_visualised_by_the_OBIS_mapper_%28www.iobis.org%29.jpg/330px-OBIS_records_for_ocean_sunfish%2C_Mola_mola%2C_as_at_July_2018%2C_visualised_by_the_OBIS_mapper_%28www.iobis.org%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/OBIS_records_for_ocean_sunfish%2C_Mola_mola%2C_as_at_July_2018%2C_visualised_by_the_OBIS_mapper_%28www.iobis.org%29.jpg/440px-OBIS_records_for_ocean_sunfish%2C_Mola_mola%2C_as_at_July_2018%2C_visualised_by_the_OBIS_mapper_%28www.iobis.org%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>OBIS records for <a href="/wiki/Ocean_sunfish" title="Ocean sunfish">ocean sunfish</a>, <i>Mola mola</i>, as at July 2018, visualised by the OBIS mapper (www.obis.org)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Ocean Biodiversity Information System</b> (<b>OBIS</b>), formerly <b>Ocean Biogeographic Information System</b>, is a web-based access point to information about the distribution and abundance of living <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a>. It was developed as the information management component of the ten year <a href="/wiki/Census_of_Marine_Life" title="Census of Marine Life">Census of Marine Life</a> (CoML) (2001-2010), but is not limited to CoML-derived data, and aims to provide an integrated view of all marine biodiversity data that may be made available to it on an open access basis by respective data custodians. According to its web site as at July 2018, OBIS "is a global open-access data and information clearing-house on marine biodiversity for science, conservation and sustainable development." 8 specific objectives are listed in the OBIS site, of which the leading item is to "Provide [the] world's largest scientific knowledge base on the diversity, distribution and abundance of all marine organisms in an integrated and standardized format".<sup id="cite_ref-obis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_current_status">History and current status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and current status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initial ideas for OBIS were developed at a CoML meeting on benthic (bottom-dwelling) ocean life in October 1997. Recommendations from this workshop led to a web site (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://marine.rutgers.edu/OBIS">http://marine.rutgers.edu/OBIS</a>) at Rutgers in 1998 to demonstrate the initial OBIS concept.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An inaugural OBIS International Workshop was held on November 3–4, 1999 in Washington, DC, which led to scoping of the project and outreach to potential partners, with selected contributions published in a special issue of <i>Oceanography</i> magazine,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> within which OBIS founder Dr. <a href="/wiki/J._Frederick_Grassle" title="J. Frederick Grassle">J. F. Grassle</a> articulated the vision of OBIS as "an on-line, worldwide atlas for accessing, modeling and mapping marine biological data in a multidimensional geographic context."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2000, US Government Agencies in the National Oceanographic Partnership Program together with the <a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan_Foundation" title="Alfred P. Sloan Foundation">Alfred P. Sloan Foundation</a> funded eight research projects to initiate OBIS. In May 2001, the US <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> funded <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a> to develop a global portal for OBIS. Also in 2001, an OBIS International Committee was formed and its first meeting was held in August 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The production version of the OBIS Portal was launched at Rutgers University in 2002 as the web site <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iobis.org">http://www.iobis.org</a>, serving 430,000 species-based georeferenced data records from 8 partner databases including fish records from <a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a>, cephalopods from <a href="/w/index.php?title=CephBase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CephBase (page does not exist)">CephBase</a>, corals from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biogeoinformatics_of_Hexacorals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biogeoinformatics of Hexacorals (page does not exist)">Biogeoinformatics of Hexacorals</a>, mollusks from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-Pacific_Mollusc_Database&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-Pacific Mollusc Database (page does not exist)">Indo-Pacific Mollusc Database</a> and more.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By May 2006, the OBIS Portal was able to access 9.5 million records of 59,000 species from 112 databases,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by December 2010 (at the conclusion of the Census of Marine Life) provided access to 27.7 million records representing 167,000 taxon names.<sup id="cite_ref-OBIS2010_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBIS2010-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As at July 2018, the OBIS website states that the system provides access to over 45 million observations of nearly 120,000 marine species (the reduced number of names cited being as a result of synonym resolution, i.e. reduction of taxa recorded under multiple names to a single accepted name), based on contributions from 500 institutions from 56 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009 OBIS was adopted as a project by International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) programme of the <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Oceanographic_Commission" title="Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission">Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission</a> (IOC) of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> and in 2011, with the cessation of funding for the Rutgers-based secretariat and portal from the Sloan Foundation, an offer of hosting by the <a href="/wiki/Flanders_Marine_Institute" title="Flanders Marine Institute">Flanders Marine Institute</a> (VLIZ) in <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> was accepted to become the long term host for the system and also the OBIS secretariat moved from Rutgers University to the IOC Project Office for IODE in Ostend from where OBIS is presently maintained and additional development is carried out. The web address changed to <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.obis.org">[1]</a>. OBIS is thus now located in Ostend, in the same building which is also home to VLIZ. VLIZ maintains two taxonomic databases, the <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irmng.org/">IRMNG</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera</a>, both of which feed into taxonomic decisions used to control the display of species-based information in OBIS and also provide the taxonomic hierarchy via which OBIS content can be navigated. OBIS is currently under the direction of IODE with advice from a steering group, the IODE Steering Group for OBIS (SG-OBIS); operational activities are directed by an OBIS Executive Committee (OBIS-EC) with support from various OBIS Task Teams and ad-hoc OBIS project teams. The OBIS secretariat, hosted at the UNESCO/IOC project office for IODE in Ostend (Belgium), includes the OBIS project manager and data manager and in addition to maintaining the OBIS system also provides training and technical assistance to its data providers, guides new data standards and technical developments, and encourages international cooperation to foster the group benefits of the network.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Data available via OBIS cover all groups of organisms that have any association with marine or <a href="/wiki/Estuarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Estuarine">estuarine</a> habitats, also including shorelines and the atmosphere above the ocean, such as marine <a href="/wiki/Vertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrates">vertebrates</a> (fishes, marine mammals, turtles, seabirds, etc.); marine <a href="/wiki/Invertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrates">invertebrates</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Zooplankton" title="Zooplankton">zooplankton</a>); marine <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>; and marine <a href="/wiki/Plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Plants">plants</a> (e.g. phytoplankton, seaweeds, mangroves). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="OBIS_portal">OBIS portal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: OBIS portal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As available web technologies have developed, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obis.org">OBIS Portal</a> has been through a number of iterations since its inception in 2002. Initially the system retrieved remote data in real time in response to a user query and used the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311015926/http://hercules.kgs.ku.edu/website/Specimen_Mapper/mxmapit.cfm">KGS Mapper</a> to visualize the results. In 2004, centralized metadata indexing and cacheing was introduced leading to faster and more reliable results, and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marine.csiro.au/csquares/about-mapper.htm">c-squares mapper</a> was added to options for data visualization.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, a full <a href="/wiki/Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">web GIS</a> based system was introduced for the first time along with a new version of the web site which resulted in considerably more detailed and flexible presentation of search results along with a number of new search options.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2018, funding was announced to develop a new "2.0" version of OBIS with improved capabilities.,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is released on 29 January 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The website URL changed from iobis.org to obis.org. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_OBIS_nodes">Regional OBIS nodes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Regional OBIS nodes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the period 2004–present, an international network of <a href="/wiki/Regional_OBIS_Nodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional OBIS Nodes">Regional OBIS Nodes</a> has also been established, that are facilitating the connection of data sources in their region to the master OBIS data network and also increasingly provide specialised services or views of OBIS data to users in their particular region. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/obisrons/scar-marbin">Antarctic OBIS</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by Belgian Biodiversity Platform, Brussels and by <a href="/wiki/Flanders_Marine_Institute" title="Flanders Marine Institute">Flanders Marine Institute</a>, Ostend. Managed by Bruno Danis</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/obisrons/arobis">Argentina</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by Centro Nacional Patagonico - (CENPAT) - CONICET. Managed by Mirtha Lewis</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/obisrons/Australia">Australia</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - Oceans and Atmosphere. Managed by Dave Watts</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/obisrons/Canada">Canada</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by Centre of Marine Biodiversity and Bedford Institute of Oceanography. Managed by Bob Branton</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/obisrons/China">China</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by Institute of Oceanology. Managed by Sun Xiaoxia</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/obisrons/Europe">Europe</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by <a href="/wiki/Vlaams_Instituut_voor_de_Zee" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee">Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee</a>. Managed by Ward Appeltans</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/obisrons/Indian">Indian Ocean</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by National Chemical Laboratory and National Institute of Oceanography. Managed by Baba Ingole</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/obisrons/Japan">Japan</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by National Institute for Environmental Studies. Managed by Junko Shimura</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/obisrons/NewZealand">New Zealand / South West Pacific</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research. Managed by Don Robertson</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/obisrons/subsaharanafrica">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by Southern African Data Centre for Oceanography. Managed by Marten Grundlingh</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asean.chm-cbd.net/">Philippines</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity. Managed by Christian Elloran</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/obisrons/espobis">Tropical and Subtropical Eastern South Pacific</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by University of Concepcion. Managed by Ruben Escribando</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/obisrons/wsaobis">Tropical and Subtropical Western South Atlantic</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by University of Sao Paulo (USP) and Reference Center on Environmental Information (CRIA. Managed by Fabio Lang Da Silvera</dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgs.gov/obis-usa/">United States of America</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Hosted by United States Geological Survey (USGS). Managed by Abby Benson.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/32px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/48px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/64px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1315" data-file-height="1039" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Marine_life" title="Portal:Marine life">Marine life portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/32px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/48px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg/64px-Waves_in_pacifica_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1358" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceans" title="Portal:Oceans">Oceans portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_of_Marine_Life" title="Census of Marine Life">Census of Marine Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a> (WoRMS)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications_about_OBIS">Selected publications about OBIS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Selected publications about OBIS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/12-3_grassle.pdf">Grassle, J.F. and Stocks, K.I., 1999. A Global Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) for the Census of Marine Life. <i>Oceanography</i> 12(3), pp. 12-14.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/13-3_grassle.pdf">Grassle, J.F. 2000. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS): an on-line, worldwide atlas for accessing, modeling and mapping marine biological data in a multidimensional geographic context. <i>Oceanography</i> 13(3), pp. 5-7.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00322/43301/43037.pdf">Zhang, Y. and Grassle, J.F. 2003. A portal for the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. <i>Oceanologica Acta</i> 25(5), pp. 193-197.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/publications/marsalgado_2_MQ.pdf">Mark J. Costello, J. Frederick Grassle, Yunqing Zhang, Karen Stocks, and Edward Vanden Berghe 2005. Where is what and what is where? Online mapping of marine species.</a> <i>MarBEF Newsletter</i>. Spring 2005, pp. 20–22.</li> <li>Wood J.B., Zhang, P.Y., Costello, M.J. and Grassle, J.F. 2006. An introduction to OBIS, www.iobis.org. In: Miloslavich P. and Klein E. (eds), Caribbean marine biodiversity: the known and the unknown. DEStech Publications Inc., Lancaster Pennsylvania USA, pp. 253–254.</li> <li>Costello M.J., Stocks K., Zhang Y., Grassle J.F., Fautin D.G. 2007. About the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5236">http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5236</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781444325508.ch17">Edward Vanden Berghe, Karen I. Stocks and J. Frederick Grassle. 2010. Data Integration: The Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Chapter 17 (pp. 333-353) in Alasdair D. McIntyre (ed.): Life in the World's Oceans. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</a> Chapter also available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.comlmaps.org/mcintyre/ch17/data-integration-the-ocean-biogeographic-information-system">http://www.comlmaps.org/mcintyre/ch17/data-integration-the-ocean-biogeographic-information-system</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oceanobs09.net/proceedings/cwp/Vanden_Berghe-OceanObs09.cwp.91.pdf">Vanden Berghe E, Halpin P, Lang da Silveira F, Stocks K and Grassle F. 2010. Integrating biological data into ocean observing systems: The future role of OBIS. In Hall J, Harrison D E, and Stammer D (eds) Proceedings of OceanObs’09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society (Volume 2). Paris, European Space Agency Publication No WPP-306.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cobi.12496">Costello M.J., Vanhoorne B., Appeltans W. 2015. Progressing conservation of biodiversity through taxonomy, data publication and collaborative infrastructures. <i>Conservation Biology</i> 29 (4), 1094–1099.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-obis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-obis_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obis.org/">OBIS website (visited 18 July 2018)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/12-3_grassle.pdf">Grassle, J.F. and Stocks, K.I., 1999. "A Global Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) for the Census of Marine Life." <i>Oceanography</i> 12(3): 12-14.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oceanography</i> Volume 13, no. 3, November 2000. Special Issue: Ocean Biogeographic Information System.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/13-3_grassle.pdf">Grassle, J.F. 2000. "The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS): an on-line, worldwide atlas for accessing, modeling and mapping marine biological data in a multidimensional geographic context." <i>Oceanography</i> 13(3): 5-7.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00322/43301/43037.pdf">Zhang, Y. and Grassle, J.F. 2003. "A portal for the Ocean Biogeographic Information System." <i>Oceanologica Acta</i> 25(5): 193-197.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/">"www.iobis.org: archived version, 20 March 2002"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020320133251/http://www.iobis.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2002</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=www.iobis.org%3A+archived+version%2C+20+March+2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iobis.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOcean+Biodiversity+Information+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/OBISPortal">"www.iobis.org: archived version, 2 May 2006"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060502051119/http://www.iobis.org/OBISPortal">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=www.iobis.org%3A+archived+version%2C+2+May+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iobis.org%2FOBISPortal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOcean+Biodiversity+Information+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OBIS2010-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OBIS2010_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101213223407/http://www.obis.org/">www.obis.org: archived version, 13 December 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180705054455/http://iobis.org/about/">About OBIS: archived version, 5 July 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/about/governance/">About OBIS: Governance</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oceandocs.org/bitstream/handle/1834/5643/202.pdf?sequence=1#page=167">Tony Rees and Phoebe Zhang, 2007. "Evolving concepts in the architecture and functionality of OBIS, the Ocean Biogeographic Information System". in Vanden Berghe, E. et al. (ed.) <i>Proceedings of Ocean Biodiversity Informatics: an international conference on marine biodiversity data management Hamburg, Germany, 29 November-1 December, 2004.</i> IOC Workshop Report, 202, VLIZ Special Publication 37: pp. 167-176.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718083900/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c7fa/69ef3658c0f4a9998f438e709372664502e3.pdf">Ei Fujioka <i>et al.</i>, 2012. "Advancing global marine biogeography research with open-source GIS software and cloud computing." <i>Transactions in GIS</i> 16(2): 143–160.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obis.org/2018/04/17/obis2/">"IOC invests in OBIS2.0, a major re-engineering of the OBIS platform"</a>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obis.org/2019/01/29/obis2/">"OBIS 2.0 released"</a>,</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OBIS_International_Portal">OBIS International Portal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: OBIS International Portal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org/">International OBIS Portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_OBIS_nodes_2">Regional OBIS nodes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Regional OBIS nodes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obis.org/node/14fc439c-707d-41d6-a3d4-b9d2696205fe/">AfrOBIS: Sub-Saharan Africa node of OBIS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marbef.org/data/eurobis.php">EurOBIS: European node of OBIS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indobis.org/">IndOBIS: Indian Ocean node of OBIS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.obis.org.au/">OBIS Australia: Australian regional node of OBIS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobis.org.cn/index_e.htm">OBIS China: Chinese regional node of OBIS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nzobis.niwa.co.nz/">OBIS Southwestern Pacific: Southwestern Pacific regional node of OBIS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scarmarbin.be/">SCAR-MarBIN: Antarctic Marine Biodiversity Information Network</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asean.chm-cbd.net/">SEAOBIS: Southeast Asia node of OBIS </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgs.gov/obis-usa/">US OBIS: U.S.A. regional node of OBIS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810144040/http://marinebiodiversity.ca/OBISCanada">OBIS Canada: Canadian regional node of OBIS</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thematic_nodes">Thematic nodes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Thematic nodes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seamap.env.duke.edu/">OBIS-SEAMAP (Ocean Biodiversity Information System - Spatial Ecological Analysis of Megavertebrate Populations)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parent_project">Parent project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Parent project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coml.org">Census of Marine Life Home Page</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marine.rutgers.edu/OBIS/">Original OBIS Portal Prototype (circa 2000)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.iobis.org/">From the archives: Evolution of the OBIS Portal, 2002-current</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&oldid=1257926219">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System&oldid=1257926219</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marine_biology" title="Category:Marine biology">Marine biology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fisheries_databases" title="Category:Fisheries databases">Fisheries databases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biodiversity" title="Category:Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biogeography" title="Category:Biogeography">Biogeography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ecological_data" title="Category:Ecological data">Ecological data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Zoological_literature" title="Category:Zoological literature">Zoological literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Information_systems" title="Category:Information systems">Information systems</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_external_links_cleanup_from_December_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia external links cleanup from December 2023">Wikipedia external links cleanup from December 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 07:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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