CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Lisa P. Jackson - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"57565521-54b0-4bf0-8092-a769cd786d3f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Lisa_P._Jackson","wgTitle":"Lisa P. Jackson","wgCurRevisionId":1257923437,"wgRevisionId":1257923437,"wgArticleId":4184775,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","All articles with failed verification","Articles with failed verification from October 2020","Commons category link from Wikidata","People appearing on C-SPAN","State cabinet secretaries of New Jersey","1962 births","21st-century American politicians","21st-century American women politicians","Administrators of the United States Environmental Protection Agency", "African-American members of the Cabinet of the United States","African-American state cabinet secretaries","21st-century African-American women politicians","21st-century African-American politicians","American adoptees","American chemical engineers","American women columnists","Apple Inc. executives","Chiefs of staff to the governor of New Jersey","Clinton Foundation people","Delta Sigma Theta members","HuffPost writers and columnists","Living people","Obama administration cabinet members","People from East Windsor, New Jersey","Politicians from Philadelphia","Politicians from New Orleans","Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni","Tulane University alumni","Women members of the Cabinet of the United States"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Lisa_P._Jackson","wgRelevantArticleId":4184775,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q445734","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/1200px-Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1148"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="766"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="612"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Lisa P. Jackson - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Lisa_P_Jackson rootpage-Lisa_P_Jackson skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lisa+P.+Jackson" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lisa+P.+Jackson" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lisa+P.+Jackson" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lisa+P.+Jackson" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life,_education_and_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life,_education_and_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life, education and family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life,_education_and_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_EPA_and_DEP_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_EPA_and_DEP_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early EPA and DEP career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_EPA_and_DEP_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Jersey_Commissioner_of_Environmental_Protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Jersey_Commissioner_of_Environmental_Protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>New Jersey Commissioner of Environmental Protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Jersey_Commissioner_of_Environmental_Protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_of_staff_to_the_Governor_of_New_Jersey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_of_staff_to_the_Governor_of_New_Jersey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chief of staff to the Governor of New Jersey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_of_staff_to_the_Governor_of_New_Jersey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EPA_Administrator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EPA_Administrator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>EPA Administrator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EPA_Administrator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lisa P. Jackson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ليزا جاكسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليزا جاكسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D9%BE%DB%8C._%D8%AC%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="لیسا پی. جکسون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیسا پی. جکسون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lisa P. Jackson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D9%BE%DB%8C._%D8%AC%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="لیسا پی. جکسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیسا پی. جکسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Jackson_(femme_politique)" title="Lisa Jackson (femme politique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lisa Jackson (femme politique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%A1_%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Լիզա Ջեքսոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիզա Ջեքսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lisa P. Jackson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lisa P. Jackson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Jackson" title="Lisa Jackson – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lisa Jackson" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="ليزا جاكسون (كيميائيه من امريكا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليزا جاكسون (كيميائيه من امريكا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lisa P. Jackson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Jackson" title="Lisa Jackson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lisa Jackson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lisa P. Jackson" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Джексон, Лиза Перес – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джексон, Лиза Перес" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lisa P. Jackson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lisa P. Jackson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q445734#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Lisa_P._Jackson" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Lisa_P._Jackson" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&oldid=1257923437" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Lisa_P._Jackson&id=1257923437&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLisa_P._Jackson"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLisa_P._Jackson"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lisa_P._Jackson" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q445734" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician: EPA administrator</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Lisa Jackson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait crop of Apple VP Lisa Jackson speaking at tech conference in 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="1489" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Jackson in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">12th <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 23, 2009 – February 19, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Perciasepe" title="Bob Perciasepe">Bob Perciasepe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_L._Johnson_(politician,_born_1951)" title="Stephen L. Johnson (politician, born 1951)">Stephen Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gina_McCarthy" title="Gina McCarthy">Gina McCarthy</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Staff">Chief of Staff</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">Governor of New Jersey</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 1, 2008 – December 15, 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Corzine" title="Jon Corzine">Jon Corzine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Abelow" title="Bradley Abelow">Bradley Abelow</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Edward McBride</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Department_of_Environmental_Protection" title="New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection">Commissioner of Environmental Protection of New Jersey</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 28, 2006 – November 30, 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data">Jon Corzine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bradley_M._Campbell" title="Bradley M. Campbell">Bradley Campbell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Mark Mauriello</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Lisa Perez</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1962-02-08</span>) </span>February 8, 1962<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 62)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Kenneth Jackson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lisa Perez Jackson</b><sup id="cite_ref-Tulane_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tulane-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (born February 8, 1962) is an American <a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineer" title="Chemical engineer">chemical engineer</a> who served as the <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">administrator</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) from 2009 to 2013. She was the first <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> to hold that position. </p><p>In 2002, Jackson joined the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Department_of_Environmental_Protection" title="New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection">New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection</a> as the Assistant Commissioner of Compliance and Enforcement and Assistant Commissioner for Land Use Management. <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">New Jersey Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Jon_Corzine" title="Jon Corzine">Jon Corzine</a> appointed Jackson the state's Commissioner of Environmental Protection in 2006. Jackson also briefly served as Corzine's <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Staff">Chief of Staff</a> in late 2008. </p><p>On December 15, 2008, President-elect <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> nominated Jackson to serve as administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency; she was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> on January 23, 2009, and took office that same day. During her tenure as EPA Administrator, Jackson oversaw the development of stricter fuel efficiency standards and the EPA's response to the <a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill" title="Deepwater Horizon oil spill">Deepwater Horizon oil spill</a>; authorized the recognition of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> as a public health threat, granting the EPA authority to set new regulations regarding CO<sub>2</sub> emissions; and proposed amending the <a href="/wiki/National_Ambient_Air_Quality_Standards" title="National Ambient Air Quality Standards">National Ambient Air Quality Standards</a> to set stricter smog pollution limits. In December 2012, Jackson announced she would step down as EPA Administrator effective February 15, 2013; she was succeeded by Deputy Administrator <a href="/wiki/Bob_Perciasepe" title="Bob Perciasepe">Bob Perciasepe</a>, who served as Acting Administrator until the Senate confirmed <a href="/wiki/Gina_McCarthy" title="Gina McCarthy">Gina McCarthy</a> as a permanent successor on July 18, 2013. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_education_and_family"><span id="Early_life.2C_education_and_family"></span>Early life, education and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, education and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jackson was born in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> and was adopted two weeks after her birth by Benjamin and Marie Perez.<sup id="cite_ref-Tulane_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tulane-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She grew up in <a href="/wiki/Pontchartrain_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontchartrain Park">Pontchartrain Park</a>, a predominantly <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> middle-class neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans, Louisiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, Jackson graduated as <a href="/wiki/Valedictorian" title="Valedictorian">valedictorian</a> from <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Dominican_High_School" title="St. Mary's Dominican High School">St. Mary's Dominican High School</a> in New Orleans.<sup id="cite_ref-NJDEP_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJDEP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (October 2020)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-NOLALPJ_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOLALPJ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to her exceptional performance in mathematics, she received a scholarship from the National Consortium for Graduate Degrees for Minorities in Engineering & Science, which allowed her to gain early exposure to a college environment.<sup id="cite_ref-cen-prof_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cen-prof-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She attended <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane University</a> with a scholarship from <a href="/wiki/Shell_Oil_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell Oil Company">Shell Oil Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cen-prof_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cen-prof-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson was also named a <a href="/wiki/National_Merit_Scholarship_Program" title="National Merit Scholarship Program">National Merit Scholar</a>. A dean at the <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University_School_of_Science_and_Engineering" title="Tulane University School of Science and Engineering">Tulane School of Engineering</a> inspired her to pursue engineering, and she graduated <i><a href="/wiki/Summa_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa cum laude">summa cum laude</a></i> with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">chemical engineering</a> in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-cen-prof_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cen-prof-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson went on to earn a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">Master of Science</a> in chemical engineering from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> in 1986. </p><p>Jackson's mother was living in New Orleans at the time <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a> flooded the city in 2005, and Jackson drove her out of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-tilove_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tilove-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson is married to Kenneth Jackson and is the mother of two children.<sup id="cite_ref-NJDEP_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJDEP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jackson has been a resident of <a href="/wiki/East_Windsor_Township,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="East Windsor Township, New Jersey">East Windsor Township, New Jersey</a>, along with her husband and two sons.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 13, 2013, she was initiated into <a href="/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Theta" title="Delta Sigma Theta">Delta Sigma Theta</a> sorority as an honorary member during the organization's Centennial Celebration in Washington, DC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_EPA_and_DEP_career">Early EPA and DEP career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early EPA and DEP career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a child, Jackson did not feel any particular affinity for the outdoors, but she became interested in environmental matters following the national and international coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Love_Canal#Love_Canal_disaster" title="Love Canal">Love Canal Disaster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cen-prof_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cen-prof-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the EPA, she spent a year and a half working at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clean_Sites&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clean Sites (page does not exist)">Clean Sites</a>, a nonprofit advocating for accelerated cleanup of contaminated areas.<sup id="cite_ref-cen-prof_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cen-prof-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987, Jackson joined the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) at its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> as a staff-level engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then moved to the agency's regional office in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. During her tenure at EPA, Jackson worked in the federal <a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">Superfund</a> site remediation program, developing numerous hazardous waste cleanup regulations and directing multi-million dollar hazardous waste cleanup projects throughout central <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>. She later served as deputy director and acting director of the region's enforcement division.<sup id="cite_ref-NJDEP_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJDEP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 16 years with EPA, Jackson joined the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Department_of_Environmental_Protection" title="New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection">New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection</a> (DEP) in March 2002 as assistant commissioner of compliance and enforcement. She served as the assistant commissioner for land use management during 2005. Jackson headed numerous programs, including land use regulation, water supply, geological survey, water monitoring and standards, and watershed management. She focused on developing a system of incentives for stimulating what was in her opinion the right growth in the right places. Under her leadership, the state Department of Environmental Protection developed regulatory standards for implementing the landmark <a href="/wiki/Highlands_Water_Protection_and_Planning_Act" title="Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act">Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Jersey_Commissioner_of_Environmental_Protection">New Jersey Commissioner of Environmental Protection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New Jersey Commissioner of Environmental Protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jon_Corzine" title="Jon Corzine">Jon Corzine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">Governor of New Jersey</a>, nominated her to serve as Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Serving in that position, Jackson led a staff of 2,990 responsible for protecting and improving New Jersey's land, air, and water environment. In addition to overseeing environmental programs for the state, as commissioner, Jackson oversaw state parks and beaches, fish and wildlife programs and historic preservation. As commissioner in July 2006, she had to shut down all state parks and beaches due to the state governmental shutdown in relation to the state budget delay. </p><p>As the state's chief environmental enforcer, Jackson led compliance sweeps in <a href="/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a>, two largely working-class cities in which people of color formed the majority of the population and where the effects of pollution on public health had long been neglected. She launched the environmental initiative following multicultural outreach efforts to inform and involve community residents and businesses. Working with county officials, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Police" title="New Jersey State Police">New Jersey State Police</a> and the federal Environmental Protection Agency, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection then mobilized more than 70 inspectors to conduct upward of 1,000 compliance investigations in the two cities, the first of a series of enforcement sweeps.<sup id="cite_ref-NJDEP_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJDEP-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The online environmental magazine <a href="/wiki/Grist_(magazine)" title="Grist (magazine)"><i>Grist</i></a> interviewed several New Jersey environmental activists and reported that opinion about Jackson was divided: "The split seems to be between those who work on energy and climate policy in the state's capital [who were supportive of Jackson] and those who work on toxic cleanups at the local level [who were critical of her]."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chief_of_staff_to_the_Governor_of_New_Jersey">Chief of staff to the Governor of New Jersey</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chief of staff to the Governor of New Jersey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 24, 2008, Corzine announced that Jackson would take over as his chief of staff, effective December 1, 2008, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Abelow" title="Bradley Abelow">Bradley Abelow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pressreleasegovnj_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pressreleasegovnj-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Chief of Staff Jackson would have served as Corzine's top advisor and chief political liaison to the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey State Legislature">State Legislature</a>. However, Jackson was tapped by President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> to become administrator of the EPA just days after she became Corzine's chief of staff and resigned on December 15, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="EPA_Administrator">EPA Administrator</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: EPA Administrator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_100825-N-5549O-088_Secretary_of_the_Navy_(SECNAV)_the_Honorable_Ray_Mabus,_center,_Environmental_Protection_Agency_Administrator_Lisa_Jackson,_left,_and_Maryland_Gov._Martin_O%27Malley_answer_questions_from_the_media.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/US_Navy_100825-N-5549O-088_Secretary_of_the_Navy_%28SECNAV%29_the_Honorable_Ray_Mabus%2C_center%2C_Environmental_Protection_Agency_Administrator_Lisa_Jackson%2C_left%2C_and_Maryland_Gov._Martin_O%27Malley_answer_questions_from_the_media.jpg/270px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/US_Navy_100825-N-5549O-088_Secretary_of_the_Navy_%28SECNAV%29_the_Honorable_Ray_Mabus%2C_center%2C_Environmental_Protection_Agency_Administrator_Lisa_Jackson%2C_left%2C_and_Maryland_Gov._Martin_O%27Malley_answer_questions_from_the_media.jpg/405px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/US_Navy_100825-N-5549O-088_Secretary_of_the_Navy_%28SECNAV%29_the_Honorable_Ray_Mabus%2C_center%2C_Environmental_Protection_Agency_Administrator_Lisa_Jackson%2C_left%2C_and_Maryland_Gov._Martin_O%27Malley_answer_questions_from_the_media.jpg/540px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2485" data-file-height="1565" /></a><figcaption>Jackson with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Ray_Mabus" title="Ray Mabus">Ray Mabus</a> (center), and <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Maryland Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a> (right)</figcaption></figure> <p>On December 15, 2008, then President-elect <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> officially designated Jackson as the nominee for <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-heininger_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heininger-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was confirmed by voice vote in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> on January 22, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson is the first <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> to serve as EPA Administrator,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with being the fourth woman and second New Jerseyan to hold the position.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimeskocieniewski_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimeskocieniewski-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her Deputy Administrator was <a href="/wiki/Bob_Perciasepe" title="Bob Perciasepe">Bob Perciasepe</a>, and additionally she has three associate, twelve assistant, and ten regional administrators overseeing some 17,000 agency employees.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the EPA's own statements, Administrator Jackson has pledged to focus on core issues of protecting air and water quality, preventing exposure to toxic contamination in U.S. communities, and reducing greenhouse gases. She has pledged that all of the agency's efforts will follow the best science, adhere to the rule of law, and be implemented with unparalleled transparency. By the same statements, she has made it a priority to focus on vulnerable groups – including children, the elderly, and low-income communities – that are particularly susceptible to environmental and health threats. She has promised that all stakeholders will be heard in the decision-making process.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She has become the first EPA administrator to focus on reforming the <a href="/wiki/Toxic_Substances_Control_Act_of_1976" title="Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976">Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976</a>, which regulates the introduction of new or already existing chemicals.<sup id="cite_ref-cen-prof_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cen-prof-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, she has called this the issue "closest to my heart ... The law and the structure of the law in no way is modern enough or has enough teeth."<sup id="cite_ref-cen-prof_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cen-prof-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 8, 2009, Jackson said in a written statement that the finding, which declares carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases a threat to public health, marks the start of a U.S. campaign to tackle greenhouse gas emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama-venice-la.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Obama-venice-la.jpg/270px-Obama-venice-la.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Obama-venice-la.jpg/405px-Obama-venice-la.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Obama-venice-la.jpg/540px-Obama-venice-la.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Jackson at a 2010 briefing on the <a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill" title="Deepwater Horizon oil spill">Deepwater Horizon oil spill</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a> Station Venice in <a href="/wiki/Venice,_Louisiana" title="Venice, Louisiana">Venice, Louisiana</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_drilling_rig_explosion" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explosion">Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explosion</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a> ordered the EPA, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of Interior</a> to coordinate federal emergency response efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson's agency oversaw environmental and public health concerns during the <a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill" title="Deepwater Horizon oil spill">Deepwater Horizon oil spill</a>, including air and water monitoring and assessing aquatic life and other environmental destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson authorized and defended <a href="/wiki/British_Petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="British Petroleum">BP</a>'s choice to use the dispersant <a href="/wiki/Corexit" title="Corexit">Corexit</a> to combat the 210 million gallons of oil spilled in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of Corexit was criticized because it's more toxic and less effective than other EPA approved dispersants,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which later studies showed that Corexit had major effects on the aquatic life's food chain in the Gulf of Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While testifying before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Commerce,_Justice,_Science,_and_Related_Agencies" title="United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies">Senate Appropriations Subcommittee</a>, Jackson called the use of dispersants an "environmental tradeoff", and that "We know dispersants are generally less toxic than the oils they break down."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson's agency is facing a lawsuit in response of the spill from health and environmental groups for not setting adequate guidelines on how and where dispersants can be used safely.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson was designated by President Obama to serve as chair on the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_Ecosystem_Restoration_Task_Force" title="Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force">Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force</a>, a federal effort to restore damages and preserve the ecosystem in the Gulf of Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011 Jackson laid out a plan for stricter limits on the <a href="/wiki/National_Ambient_Air_Quality_Standards" title="National Ambient Air Quality Standards">National Ambient Air Quality Standards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan was based on adopting a 2007 recommendation from the EPA's science advisory board to set the NAAQS no higher than 70 parts per billion and no lower than 64 parts per billion,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it was later set to 75 parts per billion in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson met opposition to the smog standards proposal from economic advisors within Obama's administration, along with his <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">Chief of Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/William_M._Daley" title="William M. Daley">William Daley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Information_and_Regulatory_Affairs" title="Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs">Regulatory Affairs Administrator</a> <a href="/wiki/Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Cass Sunstein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After recommending the plan to President Obama, he conclusively rejected the proposal saying that "Ultimately, I did not support asking state and local governments to begin implementing a new standard that will soon be reconsidered."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His decision was met with anger from Environmentalists and a lawsuit from environmental and health associations, with calls and speculation on whether Administrator Jackson would resign in protest.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson later announced that she would stay with the EPA, "respected President Obama's decision" and that her Agency would "aggressively implement" the curtailed version of the ozone standards.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolden_%26_Jackson_sign_a_Memorandum_of_Agreement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bolden_%26_Jackson_sign_a_Memorandum_of_Agreement.jpg/270px-Bolden_%26_Jackson_sign_a_Memorandum_of_Agreement.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bolden_%26_Jackson_sign_a_Memorandum_of_Agreement.jpg/405px-Bolden_%26_Jackson_sign_a_Memorandum_of_Agreement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Bolden_%26_Jackson_sign_a_Memorandum_of_Agreement.jpg/540px-Bolden_%26_Jackson_sign_a_Memorandum_of_Agreement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4184" data-file-height="2656" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> Administrator <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Bolden,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Charles F. Bolden, Jr.">Charles Bolden</a> and Jackson sign an agreement in 2010 to continue collaboration between the two agencies.</figcaption></figure> <p>Media outlets and industry figures often refer to Jackson's testimony during a May 2011 Senate Hearing Committee that she is not aware of any cases where <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing">hydraulic fracturing</a> itself has contaminated water.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1987 EPA report and reports released since May 2011, however, have identified hydraulic fracturing as the likely source of water contamination in several cases.<sup id="cite_ref-Phillips_2011_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phillips_2011-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Urbina_03Aug2011_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urbina_03Aug2011-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EPA_Pavillion_Dec2011_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_Pavillion_Dec2011-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoZV-21_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoZV-21-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During an event with youth environmental leaders at <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a>, Jackson was asked by students about the controversial proposed <a href="/wiki/Keystone_Pipeline" title="Keystone Pipeline">Keystone Pipeline</a>, she said that "To me, it's awesome; it's awesome that we're having this conversation in this country. This should be a moment where we're having a big conversation."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also urged caution on the proposed project saying that "This isn't a little tiny pipeline; this is a pipeline that cuts our country literally in half."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jackson spoke out against the Senate Joint Resolution 26 (the Murkowski Amendment), which would take away the EPA's authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions under the <a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act</a>, which was expanded by the 2007 Supreme Court decision in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_v._Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency">Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an op-ed in the <a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a> on the Murkowski Amendment, Jackson said that "now is not the time to take a big step backward, by doubling down on the kinds of energy and environmental policies that keep America addicted to oil."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson has argued against claims by lobbying groups and members of congress that the EPA is responsible for a "train wreck" of new clean air regulations and the effect of existing EPA regulations on the economy. Jackson said that "Big polluters are lobbying Congress for loopholes to use our air and water as dumping grounds. The result won't be more jobs; it will be more mercury in our air and water and more health threats to our kids."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (For her part, Senator <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a>, the author of the amendment, argued that the regulations risked damaging the American economy.)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During her tenure as head of the EPA, Jackson received criticism from the <a href="/wiki/Coal_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal industry">coal industry</a> and Republican members of the House and Senate, most notably Oklahoma Senator <a href="/wiki/Jim_Inhofe" title="Jim Inhofe">Jim Inhofe</a>, for claims of the EPA overreaching on regulating <a href="/wiki/Toxins" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxins">toxins</a> released from <a href="/wiki/Coal_ash" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal ash">coal ash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Power plant">power plant</a> <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)#Toxicity_and_safety" title="Mercury (element)">mercury emissions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senator Inhofe, who's a ranking member on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works" title="United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works">Senate Committee on the Environment</a>, and does not believe that human activity causes global climate change,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> called on Jackson to reconsider new greenhouse gas regulations after the <a href="/wiki/Climatic_Research_Unit_email_controversy" title="Climatic Research Unit email controversy">Climatic Research Unit email controversy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Jackson responding saying that "The science behind <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> is settled, and human activity is responsible for <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>," and that "That conclusion is not a partisan one."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Jackson and Inhofe have conflicted views on Environmental issues, in an interview he called her "One of my favorite Liberals."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 13, 2012, the Assistant Inspector General notified the EPA they would be conducting an audit into record keeping practices associated with the use of private email accounts by Lisa Jackson under the name of "Richard Windsor." The Justice Department has agreed to release 12,000 emails at a rate of 3000 per week from this account beginning January 14, 2013, in response to a lawsuit brought by a Washington attorney.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 27, 2012, Jackson announced that she would be stepping down from her position as EPA Administrator.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a>, Jackson submitted her resignation because she believed that the Obama administration would move to support the Keystone pipeline and she did not want this to occur on her watch.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jackson left office on February 15, 2013, and was succeeded by Deputy Administrator <a href="/wiki/Bob_Perciasepe" title="Bob Perciasepe">Bob Perciasepe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a House hearing in September 2013, Jackson denied knowledge of any government secrecy and denied that she tried to evade federal record keeping laws.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, elected 2021<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tulane-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tulane_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tulane_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exhibits.tulane.edu/exhibit/tulanewomen/academicwomen/lisa-perez-jackson/">"Lisa Perez Jackson"</a>. Tulane University Howard-Tilton Memorial Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lisa+Perez+Jackson&rft.pub=Tulane+University+Howard-Tilton+Memorial+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexhibits.tulane.edu%2Fexhibit%2Ftulanewomen%2Facademicwomen%2Flisa-perez-jackson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson,_Lisa2010" class="citation news cs1">Jackson, Lisa (August 20, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/08/20/jackson.pontchartrain.park/">"New Orleans community rises and shines"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Orleans+community+rises+and+shines&rft.date=2010-08-20&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2010%2FOPINION%2F08%2F20%2Fjackson.pontchartrain.park%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NJDEP-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NJDEP_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NJDEP_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NJDEP_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NJDEP_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Biographical information. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183737/http://www.state.nj.us/dep/commissioner/bio.html">"About Commissioner Lisa P. Jackson"</a>, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, accessed December 12, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOLALPJ-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOLALPJ_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Biographical information. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nola.com/news/obama-taps-new-orleans-native-lisa-jackson-to-lead-environmental-protection-agency/article_faf676ec-5600-5d7e-9190-230a1718cd63.html">"Obama taps New Orleans native Lisa Jackson to lead Environmental Protection Agency"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cen-prof-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cen-prof_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cen-prof_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cen-prof_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cen-prof_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cen-prof_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cen-prof_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cen-prof_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoque,_Cheryl2010" class="citation news cs1">Hoque, Cheryl (May 10, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/88/8819cover.html">"Lisa P. Jackson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_%26_Engineering_News" title="Chemical & Engineering News">Chemical & Engineering News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&rft.atitle=Lisa+P.+Jackson&rft.date=2010-05-10&rft.au=Hoque%2C+Cheryl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.acs.org%2Fcen%2Fcoverstory%2F88%2F8819cover.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tilove-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tilove_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tilove, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/news/index.ssf/2008/12/obama_taps_no_graduate_for_epa.html">"Obama taps New Orleans native Lisa Jackson to lead Environmental Protection Agency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times-Picayune">The Times-Picayune</a></i>, December 15, 2009, retrieved January 23, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kocieniewski, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/11/us/politics/11web-jackson.html">"The New Team: Lisa P. Jackson"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, December 11, 2008. Accessed December 3, 2012. "She lives with her husband, Kenny Jackson, and their two sons in East Windsor, N.J."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/8d49f7ad4bbcf4ef852573590040b7f6/dbce2367cd5570b785257a8b00779a07!OpenDocument">"Administrator Lisa P. Jackson, Remarks at the Water Environment Federation's Technical Exhibition and Conference, As Prepared"</a>. epa.gov. October 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Administrator+Lisa+P.+Jackson%2C+Remarks+at+the+Water+Environment+Federation%27s+Technical+Exhibition+and+Conference%2C+As+Prepared&rft.pub=epa.gov&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyosemite.epa.gov%2Fopa%2Fadmpress.nsf%2F8d49f7ad4bbcf4ef852573590040b7f6%2Fdbce2367cd5570b785257a8b00779a07%21OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKate_Sheppard2009" class="citation web cs1">Kate Sheppard (2009-01-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090123125341/http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2009/1/5/8314/64771">"The Lisa of our concerns"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2009/1/5/8314/64771">the original</a> on January 23, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lisa+of+our+concerns&rft.date=2009-01-05&rft.au=Kate+Sheppard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgristmill.grist.org%2Fstory%2F2009%2F1%2F5%2F8314%2F64771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pressreleasegovnj-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pressreleasegovnj_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Press Release. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.gov/governor/news/news/2008/approved/20081024b.html">"Governor Corzine Names New Chief of Staff"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081028120321/http://www.nj.gov/governor/news/news/2008/approved/20081024b.html">Archived</a> 2008-10-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New Jersey government official web site, October 24, 2008, accessed October 27, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2008/12/obama_picks_nj_official_to_lea.html">Obama picks N.J. official to lead environmental agency</a>, <i>The Star Ledger</i>, 2008-12-10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heininger-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-heininger_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heininger, Claire, Margolin, Josh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2008/12/obama_picks_nj_official_to_lea.html">"Obama picks N.J. official to lead environmental agency"</a>, NJ.com, December 10, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/01/senate_confirms_lisa_jackson_a.html">"Senate confirms Lisa Jackson as EPA administrator"</a>, January 23, 2009. <a href="/wiki/The_Star-Ledger" title="The Star-Ledger">The Star-Ledger</a>, January 23, 2009, retrieved January 23, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroder2012" class="citation news cs1">Broder, John M. (27 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/28/science/earth/lisa-p-jackson-of-epa-to-step-down.html">"E.P.A. Chief Set to Leave; Term Fell Shy of Early Hope"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=E.P.A.+Chief+Set+to+Leave%3B+Term+Fell+Shy+of+Early+Hope&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft.aulast=Broder&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F12%2F28%2Fscience%2Fearth%2Flisa-p-jackson-of-epa-to-step-down.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimeskocieniewski-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimeskocieniewski_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kocieniewski, David.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/11/us/politics/11web-jackson.html">"The New Team Lisa P. Jackson"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, December 11, 2008, retrieved December 16, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/leadership.html">"Current Leadership | About EPA | US EPA"</a>. Epa.gov. 2010-11-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+Leadership+%26%23124%3B+About+EPA+%26%23124%3B+US+EPA&rft.pub=Epa.gov&rft.date=2010-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Faboutepa%2Fleadership.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/administrator.html">"About the EPA Administrator | About EPA | US EPA"</a>. Epa.gov. 2010-11-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+EPA+Administrator+%26%23124%3B+About+EPA+%26%23124%3B+US+EPA&rft.pub=Epa.gov&rft.date=2010-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Faboutepa%2Fadministrator.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_BallCharles_ForelleIan_Talley2009" class="citation news cs1">Jeffrey Ball; Charles Forelle; Ian Talley (December 7, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB126020179812780059">"EPA Calls Greenhouse Gases a Public Threat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=EPA+Calls+Greenhouse+Gases+a+Public+Threat&rft.date=2009-12-07&rft.au=Jeffrey+Ball&rft.au=Charles+Forelle&rft.au=Ian+Talley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB126020179812780059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2010/05/01/response-oil-spill-5110">"The Response to the Oil Spill: 5/1/10"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. May 1, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2012</span> – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=The+Response+to+the+Oil+Spill%3A+5%2F1%2F10&rft.date=2010-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fblog%2F2010%2F05%2F01%2Fresponse-oil-spill-5110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/deepwater-bp-oil-spill">"Deepwater BP Oil Spill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2012</span> – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=Deepwater+BP+Oil+Spill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fdeepwater-bp-oil-spill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/ocir/hearings/testimony/111_2009_2010/2010_0518_lpj.pdf">"TESTIMONY OF LISA P. JACKSON ADMINISTRATOR U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS UNITED STATES SENATE"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. epa.gov. May 18, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TESTIMONY+OF+LISA+P.+JACKSON+ADMINISTRATOR+U.S.+ENVIRONMENTAL+PROTECTION+AGENCY+BEFORE+THE+COMMITTEE+ON+ENVIRONMENT+AND+PUBLIC+WORKS+UNITED+STATES+SENATE&rft.pub=epa.gov&rft.date=2010-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Focir%2Fhearings%2Ftestimony%2F111_2009_2010%2F2010_0518_lpj.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinlan2010" class="citation news cs1">Quinlan, Paul (May 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/13/business/energy-environment/13greenwire-less-toxic-dispersants-lose-out-in-bp-oil-spil-81183.html?_r=0">"Less Toxic Dispersants Lose Out in BP Oil Spill Cleanup"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Less+Toxic+Dispersants+Lose+Out+in+BP+Oil+Spill+Cleanup&rft.date=2010-05-13&rft.aulast=Quinlan&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F05%2F13%2Fbusiness%2Fenergy-environment%2F13greenwire-less-toxic-dispersants-lose-out-in-bp-oil-spil-81183.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2010/05/06/93696/researchers-worry-about-oil-dispersants.html">"Researchers worry about oil dispersants' impact, too"</a>. mcclatchydc.com. May 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Researchers+worry+about+oil+dispersants%27+impact%2C+too&rft.pub=mcclatchydc.com&rft.date=2012-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcclatchydc.com%2F2010%2F05%2F06%2F93696%2Fresearchers-worry-about-oil-dispersants.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/news/gulf-oil-spill/index.ssf/2012/07/bp_oil_spill_dispersants_may_h.html">"BP oil spill dispersants may have hurt Gulf of Mexico food chain, study finds"</a>. nola.com. July 31, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BP+oil+spill+dispersants+may+have+hurt+Gulf+of+Mexico+food+chain%2C+study+finds&rft.pub=nola.com&rft.date=2012-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fgulf-oil-spill%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F07%2Fbp_oil_spill_dispersants_may_h.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/571400992A5345A58525776100509550">"Statement of Lisa P. Jackson Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency / Legislative Hearing on Use of Dispersants in BP Oil Spill / Senate Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies"</a>. yosemite.epa.gov. July 15, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+of+Lisa+P.+Jackson+Administrator%2C+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency+%2F+Legislative+Hearing+on+Use+of+Dispersants+in+BP+Oil+Spill+%2F+Senate+Committee+on+Appropriations%3A+Subcommittee+on+Commerce%2C+Justice%2C+Science%2C+and+Related+Agencies&rft.pub=yosemite.epa.gov&rft.date=2010-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyosemite.epa.gov%2Fopa%2Fadmpress.nsf%2F0%2F571400992A5345A58525776100509550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nola.com/news/gulf-oil-spill/index.ssf/2012/08/environmental_group_sues_epa_o.html">"Environmental group sues EPA over dispersants used during Gulf oil spill"</a>. nola.com. August 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Environmental+group+sues+EPA+over+dispersants+used+during+Gulf+oil+spill&rft.pub=nola.com&rft.date=2012-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nola.com%2Fnews%2Fgulf-oil-spill%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F08%2Fenvironmental_group_sues_epa_o.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110319170058/http://www.restorethegulf.gov/task-force/about-task-force/about-task-force">"About the Task Force"</a>. restorethegulf.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.restorethegulf.gov/task-force/about-task-force/about-task-force">the original</a> on March 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Task+Force&rft.pub=restorethegulf.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.restorethegulf.gov%2Ftask-force%2Fabout-task-force%2Fabout-task-force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/F08BEB48C1139E2A8525785E006909AC/$File/EPA-CASAC-11-004-unsigned+.pdf">"Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) Response to Charge Questions on the Reconsideration of the 2008 Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. yosemite.epa.gov. March 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clean+Air+Scientific+Advisory+Committee+%28CASAC%29+Response+to+Charge+Questions+on+the+Reconsideration+of+the+2008+Ozone+National+Ambient+Air+Quality+Standards&rft.pub=yosemite.epa.gov&rft.date=2011-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyosemite.epa.gov%2Fsab%2Fsabproduct.nsf%2FF08BEB48C1139E2A8525785E006909AC%2F%24File%2FEPA-CASAC-11-004-unsigned%2B.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/FE915E916333D776852572AC007397B5/$File/casac-07-002.pdf">"Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee's (CASAC) Review of the Agency's Final Ozone Staff Paper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. yosemite.epa.gov. March 26, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clean+Air+Scientific+Advisory+Committee%27s+%28CASAC%29+Review+of+the+Agency%27s+Final+Ozone+Staff+Paper&rft.pub=yosemite.epa.gov&rft.date=2007-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyosemite.epa.gov%2Fsab%2Fsabproduct.nsf%2FFE915E916333D776852572AC007397B5%2F%24File%2Fcasac-07-002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEilperin2008" class="citation news cs1">Eilperin, Juliet (March 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/03/12/ST2008031203746.html">"EPA Tightens Pollution Standards"</a>. <i>washingtonpost.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=washingtonpost.com&rft.atitle=EPA+Tightens+Pollution+Standards&rft.date=2008-03-13&rft.aulast=Eilperin&rft.aufirst=Juliet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Fstory%2F2008%2F03%2F12%2FST2008031203746.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroder2011" class="citation news cs1">Broder, John M. (November 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/17/science/earth/policy-and-politics-collide-as-obama-enters-campaign-mode.html?pagewanted=all">"Re-election Strategy Is Tied to a Shift on Smog"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Re-election+Strategy+Is+Tied+to+a+Shift+on+Smog&rft.date=2011-11-16&rft.aulast=Broder&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F11%2F17%2Fscience%2Fearth%2Fpolicy-and-politics-collide-as-obama-enters-campaign-mode.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEilperin2011" class="citation news cs1">Eilperin, Juliet (September 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/obama-pulls-back-proposed-smog-standards-in-victory-for-business/2011/09/02/gIQAisTiwJ_story.html">"Obama pulls back proposed smog standards in victory for business"</a>. <i>washingtonpost.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121209202614/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2011-09-02/national/35274851_1_ground-level-ozone-burdens-and-regulatory-uncertainty-smog-standards">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=washingtonpost.com&rft.atitle=Obama+pulls+back+proposed+smog+standards+in+victory+for+business&rft.date=2011-09-02&rft.aulast=Eilperin&rft.aufirst=Juliet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Fhealth-science%2Fobama-pulls-back-proposed-smog-standards-in-victory-for-business%2F2011%2F09%2F02%2FgIQAisTiwJ_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner2011" class="citation news cs1">Gardner, Timothy (October 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pollution-suit-obama-idUSTRE79A62T20111011">"Greens sue Obama administration over axed smog rule"</a>. reuters.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Greens+sue+Obama+administration+over+axed+smog+rule&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-pollution-suit-obama-idUSTRE79A62T20111011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0911/62778.html">"Spurned on smog, Lisa Jackson has a choice to make"</a>. politico.com. September 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spurned+on+smog%2C+Lisa+Jackson+has+a+choice+to+make&rft.pub=politico.com&rft.date=2011-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F0911%2F62778.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationaljournal.com/energy/epa-chief-respected-obama-smog-decision-20110922">"EPA Chief 'Respected' Obama Smog Decision"</a>. <i>nationaljournal.com</i>. September 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationaljournal.com&rft.atitle=EPA+Chief+%27Respected%27+Obama+Smog+Decision&rft.date=2012-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaljournal.com%2Fenergy%2Fepa-chief-respected-obama-smog-decision-20110922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=23EB85DD-802A-23AD-43F9-DA281B2CD287">"Pathways To Energy Independence: Hydraulic Fracturing And Other New Technologies"</a>. U.S. Senate. May 6, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pathways+To+Energy+Independence%3A+Hydraulic+Fracturing+And+Other+New+Technologies&rft.pub=U.S.+Senate&rft.date=2011-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepw.senate.gov%2Fpublic%2Findex.cfm%3FFuseAction%3DPressRoom.PressReleases%26ContentRecord_id%3D23EB85DD-802A-23AD-43F9-DA281B2CD287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phillips_2011-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Phillips_2011_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan_Phillips2011" class="citation web cs1">Susan Phillips (8 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2011/12/08/epa-blames-fracking-for-wyoming-groundwater-contamination/">"EPA Blames Fracking for Wyoming Groundwater Contamination"</a>. <i>StateImpact Pennsylvania</i>. WITF, WHYY & NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2012</span>. <q>federal environmental regulators have made a direct link between the controversial drilling practice known as hydraulic fracturing and groundwater contamination...The EPA found high concentrations of benzene, xylene, gasoline and diesel fuel in shallow groundwater supplies that they linked to wastewater pits. But the report also found a number of fracking chemicals in much deeper fresh water wells.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StateImpact+Pennsylvania&rft.atitle=EPA+Blames+Fracking+for+Wyoming+Groundwater+Contamination&rft.date=2011-12-08&rft.au=Susan+Phillips&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstateimpact.npr.org%2Fpennsylvania%2F2011%2F12%2F08%2Fepa-blames-fracking-for-wyoming-groundwater-contamination%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Urbina_03Aug2011-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Urbina_03Aug2011_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrbina2011" class="citation news cs1">Urbina, Ian (3 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/04/us/04natgas.html">"A Tainted Water Well, and Concern There May be More"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Tainted+Water+Well%2C+and+Concern+There+May+be+More&rft.date=2011-08-03&rft.aulast=Urbina&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F08%2F04%2Fus%2F04natgas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPA_Pavillion_Dec2011-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EPA_Pavillion_Dec2011_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiGiulioWilkinMillerOberley2011" class="citation report cs1">DiGiulio, Dominic C.; Wilkin, Richard T.; Miller, Carlyle; Oberley, Gregory (December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/region8/superfund/wy/pavillion/EPA_ReportOnPavillion_Dec-8-2011.pdf">Investigation of Ground Water Contamination near Pavillion, Wyoming. Draft</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Investigation+of+Ground+Water+Contamination+near+Pavillion%2C+Wyoming.+Draft&rft.pub=EPA&rft.date=2011-12&rft.aulast=DiGiulio&rft.aufirst=Dominic+C.&rft.au=Wilkin%2C+Richard+T.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Carlyle&rft.au=Oberley%2C+Gregory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fregion8%2Fsuperfund%2Fwy%2Fpavillion%2FEPA_ReportOnPavillion_Dec-8-2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AutoZV-21-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AutoZV-21_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMall2011" class="citation web cs1">Mall, Amy (19 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222025433/http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/amall/incidents_where_hydraulic_frac.html">"Incidents where hydraulic fracturing is a suspected cause of drinking water contamination"</a>. <i>Switchboard: NRDC Staff Blog</i>. <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Natural Resources Defense Council">Natural Resources Defense Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/amall/incidents_where_hydraulic_frac.html">the original</a> on 22 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Switchboard%3A+NRDC+Staff+Blog&rft.atitle=Incidents+where+hydraulic+fracturing+is+a+suspected+cause+of+drinking+water+contamination&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.aulast=Mall&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswitchboard.nrdc.org%2Fblogs%2Famall%2Fincidents_where_hydraulic_frac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1011/67001.html">"Lisa Jackson: Keystone pipeline conversation is 'awesome'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. politico.com. October 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lisa+Jackson%3A+Keystone+pipeline+conversation+is+%27awesome%27&rft.pub=politico.com&rft.date=2011-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F1011%2F67001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-pipeline-epa-idUSTRE79Q60U20111027">"EPA says to comment soon on Keystone XL pipeline"</a>. reuters.com. October 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=EPA+says+to+comment+soon+on+Keystone+XL+pipeline&rft.date=2011-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-pipeline-epa-idUSTRE79Q60U20111027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opencongress.org/bill/111-sj26/show">"S.J.Res.26 - A joint resolution disapproving a rule submitted by the EPA relating to the endangerment finding and the cause or contribute findings for greenhouse gases under section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act"</a>. opencongress.org. June 10, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S.J.Res.26+-+A+joint+resolution+disapproving+a+rule+submitted+by+the+EPA+relating+to+the+endangerment+finding+and+the+cause+or+contribute+findings+for+greenhouse+gases+under+section+202%28a%29+of+the+Clean+Air+Act.&rft.pub=opencongress.org&rft.date=2010-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opencongress.org%2Fbill%2F111-sj26%2Fshow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLisa_P._Jackson2010" class="citation news cs1">Lisa P. Jackson (June 7, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/lisa-p-jackson/the-murkowski-resolution_b_602793.html">"The Murkowski Resolution: A Step Backward for American Clean Energy"</a>. huffingtonpost.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Murkowski+Resolution%3A+A+Step+Backward+for+American+Clean+Energy&rft.date=2010-06-07&rft.au=Lisa+P.+Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Flisa-p-jackson%2Fthe-murkowski-resolution_b_602793.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLisa_P._Jackson2011" class="citation news cs1">Lisa P. Jackson (August 31, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/lisa-p-jackson/republicans-epa_b_943972.html">"Telling the Truth About the Environment and Our Economy"</a>. huffingtonpost.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Telling+the+Truth+About+the+Environment+and+Our+Economy&rft.date=2011-08-31&rft.au=Lisa+P.+Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Flisa-p-jackson%2Frepublicans-epa_b_943972.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.murkowski.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=00a8c969-13ab-405f-8430-e4b627cf61f3&ContentType_id=b94acc28-404a-4fc6-b143-a9e15bf92da4&Group_id=c01df158-d935-4d7a-895d-f694ddf41624&MonthDisplay=6&YearDisplay=2010">"Sen. Murkowski: Public Deserved Vote on EPA Climate Regulations"</a>. murkowsi.senate.gov. June 10, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sen.+Murkowski%3A+Public+Deserved+Vote+on+EPA+Climate+Regulations&rft.pub=murkowsi.senate.gov&rft.date=2010-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.murkowski.senate.gov%2Fpublic%2Findex.cfm%3Fp%3DPressReleases%26ContentRecord_id%3D00a8c969-13ab-405f-8430-e4b627cf61f3%26ContentType_id%3Db94acc28-404a-4fc6-b143-a9e15bf92da4%26Group_id%3Dc01df158-d935-4d7a-895d-f694ddf41624%26MonthDisplay%3D6%26YearDisplay%3D2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1010/43168.html">"The Environmental Protection Agency's Lisa Jackson swings back at critics"</a>. politico.com. October 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Environmental+Protection+Agency%27s+Lisa+Jackson+swings+back+at+critics&rft.pub=politico.com&rft.date=2010-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F1010%2F43168.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/may/05/inhofe-black-carbon-bill">"US climate change denier James Inhofe joins Al Gore in fight against soot" Suzanne Goldenberg, The Guardian,5 May 2009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBravender2010" class="citation news cs1">Bravender, Robin (February 23, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2010/02/23/23greenwire-epa-chief-goes-toe-to-toe-with-senate-gop-over-72892.html">"nytimes.com"</a>. EPA Chief Goes Toe-To-Toe With Senate GOP Over Climate Science<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=nytimes.com&rft.date=2010-02-23&rft.aulast=Bravender&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fgwire%2F2010%2F02%2F23%2F23greenwire-epa-chief-goes-toe-to-toe-with-senate-gop-over-72892.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1967585,00.html">"EPA Prepares to Take the Lead on Regulating CO2"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. February 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=EPA+Prepares+to+Take+the+Lead+on+Regulating+CO2&rft.date=2010-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fhealth%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1967585%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/108862-sen-inhofe-tells-msnbcs-maddow-shes-one-of-his-three-favorite-liberals/">"Sen. Inhofe tells MSNBC's Maddow she's one of his 'three favorite liberals'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. thehill.com. March 16, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sen.+Inhofe+tells+MSNBC%27s+Maddow+she%27s+one+of+his+%27three+favorite+liberals%27&rft.pub=thehill.com&rft.date=2012-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Fenergy-environment%2F108862-sen-inhofe-tells-msnbcs-maddow-shes-one-of-his-three-favorite-liberals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoel_Gehrke2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Joel Gehrke (27 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/epas-lisa-jackson-resigning-as-secondary-email-investigation-begins/article/2516938">"EPA's Lisa Jackson resigning as secondary email investigation begins"</a>. <i>Washington Examiner</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Examiner&rft.atitle=EPA%27s+Lisa+Jackson+resigning+as+secondary+email+investigation+begins&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft.au=Joel+Gehrke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwashingtonexaminer.com%2Fepas-lisa-jackson-resigning-as-secondary-email-investigation-begins%2Farticle%2F2516938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/oig/reports/notificationMemos/newStarts_12-13-2012_Audit_of_Records_Managements_Practices.pdf">Audit of Certain EPA Electronic Records Management Practices, Project No. OA-FY13-0113</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Audit+of+Certain+EPA+Electronic+Records+Management+Practices%2C+Project+No.+OA-FY13-0113&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Foig%2Freports%2FnotificationMemos%2FnewStarts_12-13-2012_Audit_of_Records_Managements_Practices.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudson_Berger2012" class="citation news cs1">Judson Berger (27 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/attorney-claims-epa-chief-resigned-over-alias-email-accounts/">"Attorney claims EPA chief resigned over alias email accounts"</a>. Fox News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Attorney+claims+EPA+chief+resigned+over+alias+email+accounts&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft.au=Judson+Berger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fattorney-claims-epa-chief-resigned-over-alias-email-accounts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroder2012" class="citation news cs1">Broder, John M. (December 27, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/28/science/earth/lisa-p-jackson-of-epa-to-step-down.html?pagewanted=all">"E.P.A. Chief to Step Down, With Climate Still Low Priority"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=E.P.A.+Chief+to+Step+Down%2C+With+Climate+Still+Low+Priority&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft.aulast=Broder&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F12%2F28%2Fscience%2Fearth%2Flisa-p-jackson-of-epa-to-step-down.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/27/politics/epa-administrator-resignation/index.html?hpt=hp_t3">"EPA administrator announces resignation - CNN.com"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. December 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=EPA+administrator+announces+resignation+-+CNN.com&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2012%2F12%2F27%2Fpolitics%2Fepa-administrator-resignation%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3Dhp_t3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://times247.com/articles/jackson-resigned-as-epa-email-scandal-loomed">"Integrators in Dallas Texas"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Integrators+in+Dallas+Texas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimes247.com%2Farticles%2Fjackson-resigned-as-epa-email-scandal-loomed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josh Margolin (2 January 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nypost.com/p/news/national/exit_of_epa_boss_protest_9t4e0tKdNgiYPVoCgt1nBP">Exit of EPA boss a protest</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillip_Bump2013" class="citation web cs1">Phillip Bump (February 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grist.org/news/meet-bob-perciasepe-acting-epa-administrator/">"Meet Bob Perciasepe, acting EPA administrator"</a>. grist.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meet+Bob+Perciasepe%2C+acting+EPA+administrator&rft.pub=grist.org&rft.date=2013-02-15&rft.au=Phillip+Bump&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrist.org%2Fnews%2Fmeet-bob-perciasepe-acting-epa-administrator%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinan" class="citation news cs1">Dinan, Stephan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/sep/10/ex-epa-chief-lisa-jackson-denies-trying-avoid-suns/">"Ex-EPA chief Lisa Jackson denies trying to avoid sunshine laws"</a>. <i>Washington Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Ex-EPA+chief+Lisa+Jackson+denies+trying+to+avoid+sunshine+laws&rft.aulast=Dinan&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2Fsep%2F10%2Fex-epa-chief-lisa-jackson-denies-trying-avoid-suns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/new-members-2021">"New Members"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=New+Members&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fnew-members-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALisa+P.+Jackson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lisa_P._Jackson" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lisa P. Jackson">Lisa P. Jackson</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/lisapjackson">Lisa P. Jackson</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1023025">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bradley_M._Campbell" title="Bradley M. Campbell">Bradley Campbell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Department_of_Environmental_Protection" title="New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection">Commissioner of Environmental Protection of New Jersey</a> </b><br />2006–2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Mauriello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Mauriello (page does not exist)">Mark Mauriello</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Abelow" title="Bradley Abelow">Bradley Abelow</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chief of Staff to the Governor of New Jersey </b><br />2008 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_McBride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward McBride (page does not exist)">Edward McBride</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_L._Johnson_(politician,_born_1951)" title="Stephen L. Johnson (politician, born 1951)">Stephen Johnson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a> </b><br />2009–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gina_McCarthy" title="Gina McCarthy">Gina McCarthy</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apple_Inc." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_Inc." title="Template:Apple Inc."><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_Inc." title="Template talk:Apple Inc."><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_Inc." title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple Inc."><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apple_Inc." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc." title="History of Apple Inc.">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Apple_Inc." title="Outline of Apple Inc.">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_practices_of_Apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental practices of Apple">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_of_Apple_Inc." title="Marketing of Apple Inc.">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_supply_chain" title="Apple supply chain">Supply chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_and_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and unions">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._products" title="Category:Apple Inc. products">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._hardware" title="Category:Apple Inc. hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/IMac_Pro" title="IMac Pro">Pro</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook" title="MacBook">MacBook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air" title="MacBook Air">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" title="Mac Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" title="Mac Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" title="Mac Pro">Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/IPod_Classic" title="IPod Classic">Classic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IPod_Mini" title="IPod Mini">Mini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IPod_Nano" title="IPod Nano">Nano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IPod_Shuffle" title="IPod Shuffle">Shuffle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">Touch</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_hardware" title="IPhone hardware">Hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_iPhone" title="History of the iPhone">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhone models</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini" title="IPad Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="IPad Air">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro" title="IPad Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_accessories" title="List of iPad accessories">Accessories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AirPods" title="AirPods">AirPods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Pro" title="AirPods Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Max" title="AirPods Max">Max</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SIM" title="Apple SIM">Apple SIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirTag" title="AirTag">AirTag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Pill" title="Beats Pill">Pill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomePod" title="HomePod">HomePod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HomePod_Mini" title="HomePod Mini">Mini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Silicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Vision Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._software" title="Category:Apple Inc. software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Operatingsystems" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_operating_systems" title="List of Apple operating systems">Operating<br />systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> / <a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_models" title="List of iPad models">iPads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_version_history" title="IOS version history">iOS history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_version_history" title="IPadOS version history">iPadOS history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-installed_iOS_apps" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-installed iOS apps">Apps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CarPlay" title="CarPlay">CarPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classroom_(Apple)" title="Classroom (Apple)">Classroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeKit" title="HomeKit">HomeKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Foundation" title="Core Foundation">Core Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer_Tools" title="Apple Developer Tools">Developer Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker">FileMaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Cut_Pro" title="Final Cut Pro">Final Cut Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Cut_Pro_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Final Cut Pro X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressor_(software)" title="Compressor (software)">Compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_(software)" title="Motion (software)">Motion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_Pro" title="Logic Pro">Logic Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MainStage_(software)" title="MainStage (software)">MainStage</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ILife" title="ILife">iLife</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GarageBand" title="GarageBand">GarageBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMovie" title="IMovie">iMovie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IPhoto" title="IPhoto">iPhoto</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWork" title="IWork">iWork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keynote_(presentation_software)" title="Keynote (presentation software)">Keynote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_(spreadsheet)" title="Numbers (spreadsheet)">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pages_(word_processor)" title="Pages (word processor)">Pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mail" title="Apple Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SceneKit" title="SceneKit">SceneKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shazam_(music_app)" title="Shazam (music app)">Shazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._services" title="Category:Apple Inc. services">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Card" title="Apple Card">Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pay" title="Apple Pay">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Wallet" title="Apple Wallet">Wallet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Arcade" title="Apple Arcade">Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_1" title="Apple Music 1">1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beats_Music" title="Beats Music">Beats Music</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_Up_Next" title="Apple Music Up Next">Up Next</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_Festival" title="Apple Music Festival">Festival</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Radio" title="ITunes Radio">iTunes Radio</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_(app)" title="Music (app)">App</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_News" title="Apple News">News</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Newsstand_(software)" title="Newsstand (software)">Newsstand</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_app" title="Apple TV app">TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_TV%2B_original_programming" title="List of Apple TV+ original programming">originals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLS_Season_Pass" title="MLS Season Pass">MLS Season Pass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkie-Talkie_(Apple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walkie-Talkie (Apple)">Walkie-Talkie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMessage" title="IMessage">iMessage</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/IChat" title="IChat">iChat</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">App</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail and<br />digital sales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/App_Store_(Apple)" title="App Store (Apple)">App Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">macOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Connect" title="ITunes Connect">Connect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Store" title="Apple Store">Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Fifth_Avenue" title="Apple Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleCare%2B" title="AppleCare+">AppleCare+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Authorized_Service_Provider" title="Apple Authorized Service Provider">AASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_certification_programs" title="Apple certification programs">Certifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_Bar" title="Genius Bar">Genius Bar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ProCare" title="ProCare">ProCare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_to_One_(Apple)" title="One to One (Apple)">One to One</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Account" title="Apple Account">Apple Account</a> (formerly <i>Apple ID</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sign_in_with_Apple" title="Sign in with Apple">Sign in with Apple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_One" title="Apple One">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer" title="Apple Developer">Developer</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/IAd" title="IAd">iAd</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TestFlight" title="TestFlight">TestFlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Developers_Conference" title="Worldwide Developers Conference">WWDC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/MobileMe" title="MobileMe">MobileMe</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Find_My" title="Find My">Find My</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_(Apple)" title="Fitness (Apple)">Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photos_(Apple)" title="Photos (Apple)">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Maps" title="Apple Maps">Maps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flyover_(Apple_Maps)" title="Flyover (Apple Maps)">Flyover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Around_(Apple)" title="Look Around (Apple)">Look Around</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._subsidiaries" title="Category:Apple Inc. subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anobit" title="Anobit">Anobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IMC" title="Apple IMC">Apple IMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Studios" title="Apple Studios">Apple Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braeburn_Capital" title="Braeburn Capital">Braeburn Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._acquisitions" title="Category:Apple Inc. acquisitions">Acquisitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Apple" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Apple">Completed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anobit" title="Anobit">Anobit</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AuthenTec" title="AuthenTec">AuthenTec</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIS_Records" title="BIS Records">BIS Records</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cue_(search_engine)" title="Cue (search engine)">Cue</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EditGrid" title="EditGrid">EditGrid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emagic" title="Emagic">Emagic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FingerWorks" title="FingerWorks">FingerWorks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Intrinsity" title="Intrinsity">Intrinsity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InVisage_Technologies" title="InVisage Technologies">InVisage Technologies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Keyboard_Company" title="The Keyboard Company">The Keyboard Company</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lala_(website)" title="Lala (website)">Lala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metaio" title="Metaio">Metaio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nothing_Real" title="Nothing Real">Nothing Real</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P.A._Semi" title="P.A. Semi">P.A. Semi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Power_Computing_Corporation" title="Power Computing Corporation">Power Computing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PrimeSense" title="PrimeSense">PrimeSense</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shazam_(music_app)" title="Shazam (music app)">Shazam Entertainment Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Texture_(app)" title="Texture (app)">Texture</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Topsy_Labs" title="Topsy Labs">Topsy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Potential <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potential_acquisition_of_Disney_by_Apple" title="Potential acquisition of Disney by Apple">Disney</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._partnerships" title="Category:Apple Inc. partnerships">Partnerships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/AIM_alliance" title="AIM alliance">AIM alliance</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaleida_Labs" title="Kaleida Labs">Kaleida Labs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiDi" title="DiDi">DiDi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Digital_Ocean" title="Digital Ocean">Digital Ocean</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFund" title="IFund">iFund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagination_Technologies" title="Imagination Technologies">Imagination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Consortium" title="Rockstar Consortium">Rockstar Consortium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._advertising" title="Apple Inc. advertising">Advertising</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">1984</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Think_different" title="Think different">Think different</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Get_a_Mac" title="Get a Mac">Get a Mac</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_advertising" title="IPod advertising">iPod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_Red" title="Product Red">Product Red</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ecosystem" title="Apple ecosystem">Ecosystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_Inc._media_events" title="List of Apple Inc. media events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Apple_Inc." title="Criticism of Apple Inc.">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">Right to repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple%27s_EU_tax_dispute" title="Apple's EU tax dispute">Tax</a></li></ul></li> <li>Headquarters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Campus">Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Park" title="Apple Park">Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_University" title="Apple University">University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._design_motifs" title="Apple Inc. design motifs">Design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Industrial_Design_Group" title="Apple Industrial Design Group">IDg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typography_of_Apple_Inc." title="Typography of Apple Inc.">Typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designed_by_Apple_in_California" title="Designed by Apple in California">Book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc." title="History of Apple Inc.">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_codenames" title="List of Apple codenames">Codenames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_FileWare" title="Apple FileWare">Apple FileWare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_community" title="Apple community">Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleMasters" title="AppleMasters">AppleMasters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litigation_involving_Apple_Inc." title="Litigation involving Apple Inc.">Litigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Apple_(2024)" title="United States v. Apple (2024)">Antitrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Tech_Employee_Antitrust_Litigation" title="High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation">Non-recruiting agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Apple_(2012)" title="United States v. Apple (2012)">Price-fixing ebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI%E2%80%93Apple_encryption_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI–Apple encryption dispute">FBI encryption dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Games_v._Apple" title="Epic Games v. Apple">Epic Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_app_approvals" title="IOS app approvals">iOS app approvals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_and_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and unions">Unions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleToo" title="AppleToo">#AppleToo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_depictions_of_Steve_Jobs" title="List of depictions of Steve Jobs">Depictions of Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_on_Apple_devices" title="Linux on Apple devices">Linux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asahi_Linux" title="Asahi Linux">Asahi Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPodLinux" title="IPodLinux">iPodLinux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_car_project" title="Apple car project">Car project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._executives" title="Category:Apple Inc. executives">Executives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Williams_(Apple)" title="Jeff Williams (Apple)">Jeff Williams</a> (COO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Maestri" title="Luca Maestri">Luca Maestri</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_L._Adams" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine L. Adams">Katherine Adams</a> (General Counsel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Cue" title="Eddy Cue">Eddy Cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Federighi" title="Craig Federighi">Craig Federighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Ge_Mahe" title="Isabel Ge Mahe">Isabel Ge Mahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Giannandrea" title="John Giannandrea">John Giannandrea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lisa Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Joswiak" title="Greg Joswiak">Greg Joswiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabih_Khan" title="Sabih Khan">Sabih Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deirdre_O%27Brien" title="Deirdre O'Brien">Deirdre O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Riccio" title="Dan Riccio">Dan Riccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Schiller" title="Phil Schiller">Phil Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johny_Srouji" title="Johny Srouji">Johny Srouji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ternus" title="John Ternus">John Ternus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jony_Ive" title="Jony Ive">Jony Ive</a> (CDO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Ahrendts" title="Angela Ahrendts">Angela Ahrendts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Browett" title="John Browett">John Browett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrino_De_Luca" title="Guerrino De Luca">Guerrino De Luca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Deneve" title="Paul Deneve">Paul Deneve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Eisenstat" title="Al Eisenstat">Al Eisenstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Fadell" title="Tony Fadell">Tony Fadell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Forstall" title="Scott Forstall">Scott Forstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Hancock" title="Ellen Hancock">Ellen Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_R._Heinen" title="Nancy R. Heinen">Nancy R. Heinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson_(businessman)" title="Ron Johnson (businessman)">Ron Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nagel" title="David Nagel">David Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Oppenheimer" title="Peter Oppenheimer">Peter Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Papermaster" title="Mark Papermaster">Mark Papermaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Rubinstein" title="Jon Rubinstein">Jon Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Serlet" title="Bertrand Serlet">Bertrand Serlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sewell" title="Bruce Sewell">Bruce Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sina_Tamaddon" title="Sina Tamaddon">Sina Tamaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avie_Tevanian" title="Avie Tevanian">Avie Tevanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Directors_of_Apple_Inc." title="Category:Directors of Apple Inc.">Board of<br />directors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_D._Levinson" title="Arthur D. Levinson">Arthur D. Levinson</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bell" title="James A. Bell">James A. Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Gorsky" title="Alex Gorsky">Alex Gorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jung" title="Andrea Jung">Andrea Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Sugar" title="Ronald Sugar">Ronald D. Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wagner" title="Susan Wagner">Susan L. Wagner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Campbell_(business_executive)" title="Bill Campbell (business executive)">Bill Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Drexler" title="Mickey Drexler">Mickey Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Eisenstat" title="Al Eisenstat">Al Eisenstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Iger" title="Bob Iger">Robert A. Iger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delano_Lewis" title="Delano Lewis">Delano Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rock" title="Arthur Rock">Arthur Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_S._Woolard_Jr." title="Edgar S. Woolard Jr.">Edgar S. Woolard Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_York_(businessman)" title="Jerry York (businessman)">Jerry York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate discontinued products, services, or defunct companies.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc." title="Category:Apple Inc.">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrators_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrators_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Template:Administrators of the Environmental Protection Agency"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrators_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Template talk:Administrators of the Environmental Protection Agency"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrators_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrators of the Environmental Protection Agency"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrators_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrators of the Environmental Protection Agency</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Ruckelshaus" title="William Ruckelshaus">Ruckelshaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_E._Train" title="Russell E. Train">Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_M._Costle" title="Douglas M. Costle">Costle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Gorsuch_Burford" title="Anne Gorsuch Burford">Gorsuch Burford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ruckelshaus" title="William Ruckelshaus">Ruckelshaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_M._Thomas" title="Lee M. Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_K._Reilly" title="William K. Reilly">Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Browner" title="Carol Browner">Browner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Todd_Whitman" title="Christine Todd Whitman">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leavitt" title="Mike Leavitt">Leavitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_L._Johnson_(politician,_born_1951)" title="Stephen L. Johnson (politician, born 1951)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gina_McCarthy" title="Gina McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Pruitt" title="Scott Pruitt">Pruitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Wheeler" title="Andrew R. Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Regan" title="Michael S. Regan">Regan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seal_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seal_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Seal_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Barack_Obama_(2009–2017)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Obama_cabinet" title="Template:Obama cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Obama_cabinet" title="Template talk:Obama cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Obama_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Obama cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Barack_Obama_(2009–2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2009–2017)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (2009–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg/100px-President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg/150px-President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg/200px-President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1338" data-file-height="1739" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> (2009–2013)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_Secretary_of_State" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State">tenure</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> (2013–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Geithner" title="Timothy Geithner">Timothy Geithner</a> (2009–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Jack Lew</a> (2013–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a> (2009–2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Leon Panetta</a> (2011–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hagel" title="Chuck Hagel">Chuck Hagel</a> (2013–2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ash_Carter" title="Ash Carter">Ash Carter</a> (2015–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Holder" title="Eric Holder">Eric Holder</a> (2009–2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynch" title="Loretta Lynch">Loretta Lynch</a> (2015–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Salazar" title="Ken Salazar">Ken Salazar</a> (2009–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sally_Jewell" title="Sally Jewell">Sally Jewell</a> (2013–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a> (2009–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Locke" title="Gary Locke">Gary Locke</a> (2009–2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Bryson" title="John Bryson">John Bryson</a> (2011–2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Penny_Pritzker" title="Penny Pritzker">Penny Pritzker</a> (2013–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Solis" title="Hilda Solis">Hilda Solis</a> (2009–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Tom Perez</a> (2013–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Sebelius" title="Kathleen Sebelius">Kathleen Sebelius</a> (2009–2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Mathews_Burwell" title="Sylvia Mathews Burwell">Sylvia Mathews Burwell</a> (2014–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Donovan" title="Shaun Donovan">Shaun Donovan</a> (2009–2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Castro" title="Julian Castro">Julian Castro</a> (2014–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_LaHood" title="Ray LaHood">Ray LaHood</a> (2009–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Foxx" title="Anthony Foxx">Anthony Foxx</a> (2013–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a> (2009–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Moniz" title="Ernest Moniz">Ernest Moniz</a> (2013–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arne_Duncan" title="Arne Duncan">Arne Duncan</a> (2009–2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_King_Jr." title="John King Jr.">John King Jr.</a> (2016–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Shinseki" title="Eric Shinseki">Eric Shinseki</a> (2009–2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_McDonald_(businessman)" title="Bob McDonald (businessman)">Bob McDonald</a> (2014–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Napolitano" title="Janet Napolitano">Janet Napolitano</a> (2009–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeh_Johnson" title="Jeh Johnson">Jeh Johnson</a> (2013–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet-level" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet-level</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lisa P. Jackson</a> (2009–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gina_McCarthy" title="Gina McCarthy">Gina McCarthy</a> (2013–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/100px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/150px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/200px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="83" data-file-height="58" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_R._Orszag" title="Peter R. Orszag">Peter R. Orszag</a> (2009–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Jack Lew</a> (2010–2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Mathews_Burwell" title="Sylvia Mathews Burwell">Sylvia Mathews Burwell</a> (2013–2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Donovan" title="Shaun Donovan">Shaun Donovan</a> (2014–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Trade Representative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Kirk" title="Ron Kirk">Ron Kirk</a> (2009–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Froman" title="Michael Froman">Michael Froman</a> (2013–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Rice" title="Susan Rice">Susan Rice</a> (2009–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Power" title="Samantha Power">Samantha Power</a> (2013–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christina_Romer" title="Christina Romer">Christina Romer</a> (2009–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austan_Goolsbee" title="Austan Goolsbee">Austan Goolsbee</a> (2010–2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Krueger" title="Alan Krueger">Alan Krueger</a> (2011–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Furman" title="Jason Furman">Jason Furman</a> (2013–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration" title="Administrator of the Small Business Administration">Administrator of the Small Business Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Mills" title="Karen Mills">Karen Mills</a> (2012–2013)*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Contreras-Sweet" title="Maria Contreras-Sweet">Maria Contreras-Sweet</a> (2014–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a> (2009–2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_M._Daley" title="William M. Daley">William M. Daley</a> (2011–2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Jack Lew</a> (2012–2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a> (2013–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* took office in 2009, raised to cabinet-rank in 2012<br /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Confirmations_of_Barack_Obama%27s_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet">Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_New_Jersey_Governor_Jon_Corzine_(2006–2010)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cabinet_of_New_Jersey_Governor_Jon_Corzine_(2006%E2%80%932010)" title="Template:Cabinet of New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine (2006–2010)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cabinet_of_New_Jersey_Governor_Jon_Corzine_(2006%E2%80%932010)" title="Template talk:Cabinet of New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine (2006–2010)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet_of_New_Jersey_Governor_Jon_Corzine_(2006%E2%80%932010)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet of New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine (2006–2010)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_New_Jersey_Governor_Jon_Corzine_(2006–2010)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet of <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Governor">New Jersey Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Jon_Corzine" title="Jon Corzine">Jon Corzine</a> (2006–2010)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adjutant General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Glenn_K._Rieth" title="Glenn K. Rieth">Glenn K. Rieth</a> (2006–10)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="22" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SenatorJonCorzine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jon Corzine, Governor of New Jersey"><img alt="Jon Corzine, Governor of New Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/SenatorJonCorzine.jpg/100px-SenatorJonCorzine.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/SenatorJonCorzine.jpg/150px-SenatorJonCorzine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/SenatorJonCorzine.jpg/200px-SenatorJonCorzine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="446" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Charles M. Kuperus (2006–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_H._Fisher" title="Douglas H. Fisher">Douglas H. Fisher</a> (2009–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attorney General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zulima_Farber" title="Zulima Farber">Zulima Farber</a> (2006–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Rabner" title="Stuart Rabner">Stuart Rabner</a> (2006–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Milgram" title="Anne Milgram">Anne Milgram</a> (2007–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissioner of Banking and Insurance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_M._Goldman" title="Steven M. Goldman">Steven M. Goldman</a> (2006–07)</li> <li>Neil Jassey* (2009–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissioner of Children and Families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kevin Ryan (2006–08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_Ricketts" title="Kimberly Ricketts">Kimberly Ricketts</a> (2008–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissioner of Community Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Bass_Levin" title="Susan Bass Levin">Susan Bass Levin</a> (2006–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Doria" title="Joseph Doria">Joseph Doria</a> (2007–2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_A._Richman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles A. Richman (page does not exist)">Charles A. Richman</a>* (2009–2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissioner of Corrections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>George W. Hayman (2006–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissioner of Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Davy" title="Lucille Davy">Lucille Davy</a> (2006–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissioner of Environmental Protection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lisa P. Jackson</a> (2006–2008)</li> <li>Mark N. Mauriello (2008–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissioner of Health and Senior Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fred M. Jacobs (2006–08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_H._Howard" title="Heather H. Howard">Heather H. Howard</a> (2008–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissioner of Human Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Clarke Bruno (2006–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Velez" title="Jennifer Velez">Jennifer Velez</a> (2007–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissioner of Labor and Workforce Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>David J. Socolow (2006–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public Advocate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Chen" title="Ronald Chen">Ronald Chen</a> (2006–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Mitchell_Wells" title="Nina Mitchell Wells">Nina Mitchell Wells</a> (2006–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissioner of Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Kolluri" title="Kris Kolluri">Kris Kolluri</a> (2006–08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dilts" title="Stephen Dilts">Stephen Dilts</a> (2008–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State Treasurer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Abelow" title="Bradley Abelow">Bradley Abelow</a> (2006–07)</li> <li>Michellene Davis* (2007–08)</li> <li>R. David Rousseau (2008–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chair/Chief Executive Officer of the Civil Service Commission</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hope L. Cooper* (2008–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chief of the Office of Economic Growth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gary D. Rose (2006–08)</li> <li>Jarold L. Zaro (2008–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Director of the Office of Homeland Security and Preparedness</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_L._Ca%C3%B1as&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard L. Cañas (page does not exist)">Richard L. Cañas</a> (2006–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chair/Chief Administrator of the Motor Vehicle Commission</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sharon Anne Harrington (2006–09)</li> <li>Shawn B. Sheekey* (2009–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President of the Board of Public Utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Fox" title="Jeanne Fox">Jeanne Fox</a> (2006–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superintendent of State Police</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Col. Joseph R. Fuentes (2006–10)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Jersey_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Jersey_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:New Jersey Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Jersey_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:New Jersey Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Jersey_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Jersey Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Jersey_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="New Jersey Women's Hall of Fame">New Jersey Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2015" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2015</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Guadagno" title="Kim Guadagno">Kim Guadagno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Jo_Abbondanza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Jo Abbondanza (page does not exist)">Mary Jo Abbondanza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meta_Griffith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meta Griffith (page does not exist)">Meta Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenda_Ross-Dulan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenda Ross-Dulan (page does not exist)">Brenda Ross-Dulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Savage-Jennings" title="Edith Savage-Jennings">Edith Savage-Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christina_Seix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christina Seix (page does not exist)">Christina Seix</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elise_Tretola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elise Tretola (page does not exist)">Elise Tretola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynne_Azarchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynne Azarchi (page does not exist)">Lynne Azarchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Higgins_Clark" title="Mary Higgins Clark">Mary Higgins Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_M._Garcia" title="Carmen M. Garcia">Carmen M. Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lillian_Harrington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lillian Harrington (page does not exist)">Lillian Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_LaBate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne LaBate (page does not exist)">Anne LaBate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Vivian_Stringer" title="C. Vivian Stringer">C. Vivian Stringer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lisa P. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amy_B._Manuse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amy B. Manuse (page does not exist)">Amy B. Manuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becky_Halstead" class="mw-redirect" title="Becky Halstead">Becky Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_V._Horne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eleanor V. Horne (page does not exist)">Eleanor V. Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=June_Ballinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="June Ballinger (page does not exist)">June Ballinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Bonilla-Santiago" title="Gloria Bonilla-Santiago">Gloria Bonilla-Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_G._Roebling" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary G. Roebling">Mary G. Roebling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_Richardson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beverly Richardson (page does not exist)">Beverly Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivonne_Diaz-Claisse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivonne Diaz-Claisse (page does not exist)">Ivonne Diaz-Claisse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mildred_B._Gershen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mildred B. Gershen (page does not exist)">Mildred B. Gershen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazel_Gluck" title="Hazel Gluck">Hazel Gluck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_C._Hanemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim C. Hanemann (page does not exist)">Kim C. Hanemann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nina_D._Melker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nina D. Melker (page does not exist)">Nina D. Melker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etta_Rudolf_Denk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etta Rudolf Denk (page does not exist)">Etta Rudolf Denk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jennifer_A._Downing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jennifer A. Downing (page does not exist)">Jennifer A. Downing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caren_S._Franzini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caren S. Franzini (page does not exist)">Caren S. Franzini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_A._Hartpence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patricia A. Hartpence (page does not exist)">Patricia A. Hartpence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Long" title="Virginia Long">Virginia Long</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheila_Gallagher-Montone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheila Gallagher-Montone (page does not exist)">Sheila Gallagher-Montone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445734#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445734#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445734#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315607295">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtmpcHVf9YcXrV6kHWkXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2015055332">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&oldid=1257923437">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&oldid=1257923437</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:State_cabinet_secretaries_of_New_Jersey" title="Category:State cabinet secretaries of New Jersey">State cabinet secretaries of New Jersey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1962_births" title="Category:1962 births">1962 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_politicians" title="Category:21st-century American politicians">21st-century American politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_women_politicians" title="Category:21st-century American women politicians">21st-century American women politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Administrators_of_the_United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Category:Administrators of the United States Environmental Protection Agency">Administrators of the United States Environmental Protection Agency</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_members_of_the_Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Category:African-American members of the Cabinet of the United States">African-American members of the Cabinet of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_state_cabinet_secretaries" title="Category:African-American state cabinet secretaries">African-American state cabinet secretaries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_women_politicians" title="Category:21st-century African-American women politicians">21st-century African-American women politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_politicians" title="Category:21st-century African-American politicians">21st-century African-American politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_adoptees" title="Category:American adoptees">American adoptees</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_chemical_engineers" title="Category:American chemical engineers">American chemical engineers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_women_columnists" title="Category:American women columnists">American women columnists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._executives" title="Category:Apple Inc. executives">Apple Inc. executives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chiefs_of_staff_to_the_governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Category:Chiefs of staff to the governor of New Jersey">Chiefs of staff to the governor of New Jersey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Clinton_Foundation_people" title="Category:Clinton Foundation people">Clinton Foundation people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Delta_Sigma_Theta_members" title="Category:Delta Sigma Theta members">Delta Sigma Theta members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:HuffPost_writers_and_columnists" title="Category:HuffPost writers and columnists">HuffPost writers and columnists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Obama_administration_cabinet_members" title="Category:Obama administration cabinet members">Obama administration cabinet members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_East_Windsor,_New_Jersey" title="Category:People from East Windsor, New Jersey">People from East Windsor, New Jersey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Philadelphia" title="Category:Politicians from Philadelphia">Politicians from Philadelphia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_New_Orleans" title="Category:Politicians from New Orleans">Politicians from New Orleans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Princeton_University_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Science_alumni" title="Category:Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni">Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tulane_University_alumni" title="Category:Tulane University alumni">Tulane University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_members_of_the_Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Women members of the Cabinet of the United States">Women members of the Cabinet of the United States</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification" title="Category:All articles with failed verification">All articles with failed verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_October_2020" title="Category:Articles with failed verification from October 2020">Articles with failed verification from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 07:37<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lisa_P._Jackson&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rhwrx","wgBackendResponseTime":196,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.125","walltime":"2.222","ppvisitednodes":{"value":13849,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":292156,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8934,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":234956,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1726.016 1 -total"," 22.38% 386.228 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 22.26% 384.130 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.36% 247.842 1 Template:Authority_control"," 12.00% 207.057 28 Template:Cite_web"," 10.88% 187.858 13 Template:Navbox"," 10.21% 176.267 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 8.35% 144.083 1 Template:Apple_Inc."," 7.31% 126.199 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.91% 84.766 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.603","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9115274,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-nz4sh","timestamp":"20241122143629","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lisa P. Jackson","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lisa_P._Jackson","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q445734","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q445734","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-02-24T18:29:06Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T07:37:11Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7c\/Lisa_Jackson_of_Apple_speaking_at_TechCrunch_Disrupt_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"American politician: EPA administrator"}</script> </body> </html>