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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zirconium-88</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zirconium-88-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zirconium-89" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zirconium-89"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zirconium-89</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zirconium-89-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zirconium-93" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zirconium-93"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zirconium-93</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zirconium-93-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="نظائر الزركونيوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظائر الزركونيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%B2tops_del_zirconi" title="Isòtops del zirconi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Isòtops del zirconi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Циркони изотопĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Циркони изотопĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopy_zirkonia" title="Izotopy zirkonia – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Izotopy zirkonia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Is%C3%B3topos_de_circonio" title="Anexo:Isótopos de circonio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Isótopos de circonio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ایزوتوپ‌های زیرکونیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایزوتوپ‌های زیرکونیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_du_zirconium" title="Isotopes du zirconium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isotopes du zirconium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94%EB%8A%84_%EB%8F%99%EC%9C%84_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="지르코늄 동위 원소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지르코늄 동위 원소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop_zirkonium" title="Isotop zirkonium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Isotop zirkonium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_cirk%C3%B3nium_izot%C3%B3pjai" title="A cirkónium izotópjai – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A cirkónium izotópjai" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopen_van_zirkonium" title="Isotopen van zirkonium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Isotopen van zirkonium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0%E3%81%AE%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E4%BD%93" title="ジルコニウムの同位体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジルコニウムの同位体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Изотопы циркония – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изотопы циркония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%AF%E5%98%85%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="鋯嘅同位素 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鋯嘅同位素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">Isotopes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<sub>40</sub>Zr)</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Main isotopes<sup id="cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">Decay</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">abundance</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>)</span> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay#Types_of_decay" title="Radioactive decay">mode</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">product</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>88</sup>Zr </th> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_radioisotope" title="Synthetic radioisotope">synth</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006720576000000000♠"></span>83.4 d</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">ε</a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium-88" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium-88"><sup>88</sup>Y</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Gamma_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma decay">γ</a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><sup></sup>– </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>89</sup>Zr </th> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005282240000000000♠"></span>78.4 h</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">ε</span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium-89" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium-89"><sup>89</sup>Y</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_plus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta plus decay">β<sup>+</sup></a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><sup>89</sup>Y </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;">γ</span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><sup></sup>– </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>90</sup>Zr </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">51.5% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Stable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable isotope">stable</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>91</sup>Zr </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">11.2% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>92</sup>Zr </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">17.1% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>93</sup>Zr </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Trace_radioisotope" title="Trace radioisotope">trace</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7013482831280000000♠"></span>1.53<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>6</sup> y</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_minus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta minus decay">β<sup>−</sup></a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium-93" class="mw-redirect" title="Niobium-93"><sup>93</sup>Nb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>94</sup>Zr </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">17.4% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;"><sup>96</sup>Zr </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">2.80% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7026738447840000000♠"></span>2.34<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>19</sup> y</span> </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="float: left; font-size: 115%; padding: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Double_beta_minus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Double beta minus decay">β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup></a></span><span style="float: right; padding-left: 0.2em;"></span> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum-96" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum-96"><sup>96</sup>Mo</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">Standard atomic weight</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i>A</i><sub>r</sub>°(Zr)</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001912220000000000♠"></span>91.222<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.003</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001912220000000000♠"></span>91.222<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.003</span> (<a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight#Abridged_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">abridged</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="background: #e8e8e8;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_zirconium_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox zirconium isotopes"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_zirconium_isotopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Infobox zirconium isotopes"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_zirconium_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox zirconium isotopes"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a> (<sub>40</sub>Zr) is composed of four stable <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a> (of which one <a href="/wiki/Observationally_stable" class="mw-redirect" title="Observationally stable">may in the future be found radioactive</a>), and one very long-lived <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotope">radioisotope</a> (<sup>96</sup>Zr), a <a href="/wiki/Primordial_nuclide" title="Primordial nuclide">primordial nuclide</a> that decays via <a href="/wiki/Double_beta_decay" title="Double beta decay">double beta decay</a> with an observed <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> of 2.0×10<sup>19</sup> years;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it can also undergo single <a href="/wiki/Beta_decay" title="Beta decay">beta decay</a>, which is not yet observed, but the theoretically predicted value of t<sub>1/2</sub> is 2.4×10<sup>20</sup> years.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second most stable radioisotope is <a href="/wiki/Zr-93" class="mw-redirect" title="Zr-93"><sup>93</sup>Zr</a>, which has a half-life of 1.53 million years. Thirty other radioisotopes have been observed. All have half-lives less than a day except for <sup>95</sup>Zr (64.02 days), <sup>88</sup>Zr (83.4 days), and <sup>89</sup>Zr (78.41 hours). The primary decay mode is <a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">electron capture</a> for isotopes lighter than <sup>92</sup>Zr, and the primary mode for heavier isotopes is beta decay. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_isotopes">List of isotopes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_zirconium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of isotopes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Zirconium-108m"></span><span class="anchor" id="Zirconium-83m1"></span><span class="anchor" id="Zirconium-83m2"></span><span class="anchor" id="Zirconium-88m"></span><span class="anchor" id="Zirconium-97m"></span><span class="anchor" id="Zirconium-98m"></span><span class="anchor" id="Zirconium-99m"></span> </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; white-space: nowrap"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top"> <th rowspan="2">Nuclide<br /><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number"><i>Z</i></a> </th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Neutron_number" title="Neutron number"><i>N</i></a> </th> <th rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_mass" title="Atomic mass">Isotopic mass</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">Da</a>)</span><br /><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TMS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">Half-life</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNN_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNN-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Decay_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Decay mode">Decay<br />mode</a><br /> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">Daughter<br />isotope</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spin_(particle_physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin (particle physics)">Spin</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Parity_(physics)#Nuclei" title="Parity (physics)">parity</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNN_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNN-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">Natural abundance</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(mole fraction)</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Excitation energy </th> <th>Normal proportion </th> <th>Range of variation </th></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-77"> <td><sup>77</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">37 </td> <td>76.96608(43)# </td> <td>100# μs </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>3/2−# </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-78"> <td><sup>78</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">38 </td> <td>77.95523(54)# </td> <td>50# ms<br />[>170 ns] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-79"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>79</sup>Zr </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">39 </td> <td rowspan="2">78.94916(43)# </td> <td rowspan="2">56(30) ms </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta_decay" title="Beta decay">β<sup>+</sup></a>, <a href="/wiki/Proton_emission" title="Proton emission">p</a> </td> <td><sup>78</sup>Sr </td> <td rowspan="2">5/2+# </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>79</sup>Y </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-80"> <td><sup>80</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td>79.9404(16) </td> <td>4.6(6) s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>80</sup>Y </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-81"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>81</sup>Zr </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">41 </td> <td rowspan="2">80.93721(18) </td> <td rowspan="2">5.5(4) s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (>99.9%) </td> <td><sup>81</sup>Y </td> <td rowspan="2">(3/2−)# </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup>, p (<.1%) </td> <td><sup>80</sup>Sr </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-82"> <td><sup>82</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">42 </td> <td>81.93109(24)# </td> <td>32(5) s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>82</sup>Y </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-83"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>83</sup>Zr </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">43 </td> <td rowspan="2">82.92865(10) </td> <td rowspan="2">41.6(24) s </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (>99.9%) </td> <td><sup>83</sup>Y </td> <td rowspan="2">(1/2−)# </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup>, p (<.1%) </td> <td><sup>82</sup>Sr </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-84"> <td><sup>84</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">44 </td> <td>83.92325(21)# </td> <td>25.9(7) min </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>84</sup>Y </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-85"> <td><sup>85</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">45 </td> <td>84.92147(11) </td> <td>7.86(4) min </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>85</sup>Y </td> <td>7/2+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-85m"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-indent:1em"><sup>85m</sup>Zr </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">292.2(3) keV </td> <td rowspan="2">10.9(3) s </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isomeric_transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomeric transition">IT</a> (92%) </td> <td><sup>85</sup>Zr </td> <td rowspan="2">(1/2−) </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (8%) </td> <td><sup>85</sup>Y </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-86"> <td><sup>86</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">46 </td> <td>85.91647(3) </td> <td>16.5(1) h </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>86</sup>Y </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-87"> <td><sup>87</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">47 </td> <td>86.914816(9) </td> <td>1.68(1) h </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><sup>87</sup>Y </td> <td>(9/2)+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-87m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>87m</sup>Zr </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">335.84(19) keV </td> <td>14.0(2) s </td> <td>IT </td> <td><sup>87</sup>Zr </td> <td>(1/2)− </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>88</sup>Zr<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">48 </td> <td>87.910227(11) </td> <td>83.4(3) d </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">EC</a> </td> <td><sup>88</sup>Y </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>89</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">49 </td> <td>88.908890(4) </td> <td>78.41(12) h </td> <td>β<sup>+</sup> </td> <td><b><sup>89</sup>Y</b> </td> <td>9/2+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-89m"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-indent:1em"><sup>89m</sup>Zr </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">587.82(10) keV </td> <td rowspan="2">4.161(17) min </td> <td>IT (93.77%) </td> <td><sup>89</sup>Zr </td> <td rowspan="2">1/2− </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>+</sup> (6.23%) </td> <td><b><sup>89</sup>Y</b> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-90"> <td><sup>90</sup>Zr<sup id="cite_ref-FP_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">50 </td> <td>89.9047044(25) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>Stable</b> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td>0.5145(40) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-90m1"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>90m1</sup>Zr </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">2319.000(10) keV </td> <td>809.2(20) ms </td> <td>IT </td> <td><b><sup>90</sup>Zr</b> </td> <td>5- </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-90m2"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>90m2</sup>Zr </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">3589.419(16) keV </td> <td>131(4) ns </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>8+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-91"> <td><sup>91</sup>Zr<sup id="cite_ref-FP_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">51 </td> <td>90.9056458(25) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>Stable</b> </td> <td>5/2+ </td> <td>0.1122(5) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-91m"> <td style="text-indent:1em"><sup>91m</sup>Zr </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em">3167.3(4) keV </td> <td>4.35(14) μs </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>(21/2+) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-92"> <td><sup>92</sup>Zr<sup id="cite_ref-FP_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">52 </td> <td>91.9050408(25) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b>Stable</b> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td>0.1715(8) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><sup>93</sup>Zr<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">53 </td> <td rowspan="2">92.9064760(25) </td> <td rowspan="2">1.53(10)×10<sup>6</sup> y </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (73%) </td> <td><sup>93m</sup>Nb </td> <td rowspan="2">5/2+ </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (27%) </td> <td><b><sup>93</sup>Nb</b> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-94"> <td><sup>94</sup>Zr<sup id="cite_ref-FP_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">54 </td> <td>93.9063152(26) </td> <td colspan="3" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Observationally_stable" class="mw-redirect" title="Observationally stable">Observationally stable</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td>0.1738(28) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-95"> <td><sup>95</sup>Zr<sup id="cite_ref-FP_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">55 </td> <td>94.9080426(26) </td> <td>64.032(6) d </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>95</sup>Nb </td> <td>5/2+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-96"> <td><sup>96</sup>Zr<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FP_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FP-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">56 </td> <td>95.9082734(30) </td> <td><b>2.0(4)×10<sup>19</sup> y</b> </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><b><sup>96</sup>Mo</b> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td>0.0280(9) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-97"> <td><sup>97</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">57 </td> <td>96.9109531(30) </td> <td>16.744(11) h </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>97m</sup>Nb </td> <td>1/2+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-98"> <td><sup>98</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">58 </td> <td>97.912735(21) </td> <td>30.7(4) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>98</sup>Nb </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-99"> <td><sup>99</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">59 </td> <td>98.916512(22) </td> <td>2.1(1) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>99m</sup>Nb </td> <td>1/2+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-100"> <td><sup>100</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">60 </td> <td>99.91776(4) </td> <td>7.1(4) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>100</sup>Nb </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-101"> <td><sup>101</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">61 </td> <td>100.92114(3) </td> <td>2.3(1) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>101</sup>Nb </td> <td>3/2+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-102"> <td><sup>102</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">62 </td> <td>101.92298(5) </td> <td>2.9(2) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>102</sup>Nb </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-103"> <td><sup>103</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">63 </td> <td>102.92660(12) </td> <td>1.3(1) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>103</sup>Nb </td> <td>(5/2−) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-104"> <td><sup>104</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">64 </td> <td>103.92878(43)# </td> <td>1.2(3) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>104</sup>Nb </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-105"> <td rowspan="2"><sup>105</sup>Zr </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">65 </td> <td rowspan="2">104.93305(43)# </td> <td rowspan="2">0.6(1) s </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> (>99.9%) </td> <td><sup>105</sup>Nb </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>β<sup>−</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Neutron_emission" title="Neutron emission">n</a> (<.1%) </td> <td><sup>104</sup>Nb </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-106"> <td><sup>106</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">66 </td> <td>105.93591(54)# </td> <td>200# ms<br />[>300 ns] </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>106</sup>Nb </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-107"> <td><sup>107</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">67 </td> <td>106.94075(32)# </td> <td>150# ms<br />[>300 ns] </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>107</sup>Nb </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-108"> <td><sup>108</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">68 </td> <td>107.94396(64)# </td> <td>80# ms<br />[>300 ns] </td> <td>β<sup>−</sup> </td> <td><sup>108</sup>Nb </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-109"> <td><sup>109</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">69 </td> <td>108.94924(54)# </td> <td>60# ms<br />[>300 ns] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-110"> <td><sup>110</sup>Zr </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">70 </td> <td>109.95287(86)# </td> <td>30# ms<br />[>300 ns] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-111"> <td><sup>111</sup>Zr<sup id="cite_ref-Ohnishi_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ohnishi-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">71 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-112"> <td><sup>112</sup>Zr<sup id="cite_ref-Ohnishi_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ohnishi-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">72 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-113"> <td><sup>113</sup>Zr<sup id="cite_ref-Shimizu_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shimizu-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">73 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="Zirconium-114"> <td><sup>114</sup>Zr<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right">74 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0+ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="20" style="text-align:right; line-height:85%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i>This table header & footer:</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Isotopes_table" title="Template:Isotopes table"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li></ul></div></span> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup>m</sup>Zr –  Excited <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_isomer" title="Nuclear isomer">nuclear isomer</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( ) –  Uncertainty (1<i>σ</i>) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TMS-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TMS_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"># –  Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Bold half-life</b> –  nearly stable, half-life longer than <a href="/wiki/Age_of_universe" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of universe">age of universe</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TNN-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TNN_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNN_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"># –  Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Bold symbol</b> as daughter –  Daughter product is stable.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( ) spin value –  Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second most powerful known <a href="/wiki/Neutron_absorber" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutron absorber">neutron absorber</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FP-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FP_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FP_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FP_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FP_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FP_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FP_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fission_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission product">Fission product</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Long-lived_fission_product" title="Long-lived fission product">Long-lived fission product</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Believed to decay by β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup> to <b><sup>94</sup>Mo</b> with a half-life over 1.1×10<sup>17</sup> years</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Primordial_nuclide" title="Primordial nuclide">Primordial</a> <a href="/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">radionuclide</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Predicted to be capable of undergoing <a href="/wiki/Double_beta_decay" title="Double beta decay">triple beta decay</a> and quadruple beta decay with very long partial half-lives</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Theorized to also undergo β<sup>−</sup> decay to <sup>96</sup>Nb with a <a href="/wiki/Partial_half-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Partial half-life">partial half-life</a> greater than 2.4×10<sup>19</sup> y<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zirconium-88">Zirconium-88</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_zirconium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Zirconium-88"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup>88</sup>Zr is a <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotope">radioisotope</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a> with a half-life of 83.4 days. In January 2019, this isotope was discovered to have a <a href="/wiki/Neutron_capture" title="Neutron capture">neutron capture</a> <a href="/wiki/Cross_section_(physics)" title="Cross section (physics)">cross section</a> of approximately 861,000 barns; this is several orders of magnitude greater than predicted, and greater than that of any other nuclide except <a href="/wiki/Xenon-135" title="Xenon-135">xenon-135</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zr88_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zr88-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zirconium-89">Zirconium-89</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_zirconium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Zirconium-89"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup>89</sup>Zr is a radioisotope of zirconium with a <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> of 78.41 hours. It is produced by proton irradiation of natural yttrium-89. Its most prominent gamma photon has an energy of 909 keV. </p><p>Zirconium-89 is employed in specialized diagnostic applications using <a href="/wiki/Positron_emission_tomography" title="Positron emission tomography">positron emission tomography</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> imaging, for example, with zirconium-89 labeled antibodies (immuno-PET).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a decay table, see <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaria_Vosjan" class="citation web cs1">Maria Vosjan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cyclotron.nl/decay-calculator/">"Zirconium-89 (<sup>89</sup>Zr)"</a>. Cyclotron.nl.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zirconium-89+%28%3Csup%3E89%3C%2Fsup%3EZr%29&rft.pub=Cyclotron.nl&rft.au=Maria+Vosjan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyclotron.nl%2Fdecay-calculator%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+zirconium" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zirconium-93">Zirconium-93</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_zirconium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Zirconium-93"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" align="left" style="margin-right: 10px;"> <caption style="background-color:#b6b6ff;"><a href="/wiki/Fission_product_yield" title="Fission product yield">Yield</a>, % per <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">fission</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Thermal_neutron" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal neutron">Thermal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fast_neutron" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast neutron">Fast</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Neutron#Fusion_neutrons" title="Neutron">14 MeV</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorium-232" title="Thorium-232"><sup>232</sup>Th</a> </td> <td>not <a href="/wiki/Fissile_material" title="Fissile material">fissile</a> </td> <td>6.70 ± 0.40 </td> <td>5.58 ± 0.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranium-233" title="Uranium-233"><sup>233</sup>U</a> </td> <td>6.979 ± 0.098 </td> <td>6.94 ± 0.07 </td> <td>5.38 ± 0.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranium-235" title="Uranium-235"><sup>235</sup>U</a> </td> <td>6.346 ± 0.044 </td> <td>6.25 ± 0.04 </td> <td>5.19 ± 0.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranium-238" title="Uranium-238"><sup>238</sup>U</a> </td> <td>not <a href="/wiki/Fissile_material" title="Fissile material">fissile</a> </td> <td>4.913 ± 0.098 </td> <td>4.53 ± 0.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plutonium-239" title="Plutonium-239"><sup>239</sup>Pu</a> </td> <td>3.80 ± 0.03 </td> <td>3.82 ± 0.03 </td> <td>3.0 ± 0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plutonium-241" title="Plutonium-241"><sup>241</sup>Pu</a> </td> <td>2.98 ± 0.04 </td> <td>2.98 ± 0.33 </td> <td>? </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="float:right; margin-left:1em"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="clear:right; float:right; max-width:27em; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:right;"> <caption style="background-color:#FF6666; padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045256916">.mw-parser-output .navbar-header{text-align:center;position:relative;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbar-header .navbar{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;margin:0 5px}</style><div class="navbar-header"><a href="/wiki/Long-lived_fission_product" title="Long-lived fission product">Long-lived fission products</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Long-lived_fission_products" title="Template:Long-lived fission products"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Long-lived_fission_products" title="Template talk:Long-lived fission products"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Long-lived_fission_products" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Long-lived fission products"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nuclide </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Halflife" class="mw-redirect" title="Halflife"><i>t</i><sub><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000040-QINU`"'</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span></sub></a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fission_product_yield" title="Fission product yield">Yield</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Decay_energy" title="Decay energy"><i>Q</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Decay_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Decay mode">βγ</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a>)</span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(%)</span><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Kiloelectronvolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiloelectronvolt">keV</a>)</span> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Technetium-99" title="Technetium-99"><sup>99</sup>Tc</a> </td> <td>0.211</td> <td>6.1385</td> <td>294 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">β </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tin-126" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin-126"><sup>126</sup>Sn</a> </td> <td>0.230</td> <td>0.1084</td> <td>4050<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">β<b>γ</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Selenium-79" title="Selenium-79"><sup>79</sup>Se</a> </td> <td>0.327</td> <td>0.0447</td> <td>151 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">β </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesium-135" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium-135"><sup>135</sup>Cs</a> </td> <td>1.33<span class="nowrap"> </span></td> <td>6.9110<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>269 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">β </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirconium-93" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium-93"><sup>93</sup>Zr</a> </td> <td>1.53<span class="nowrap"> </span></td> <td>5.4575</td> <td>91 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">βγ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palladium-107" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium-107"><sup>107</sup>Pd</a> </td> <td>6.5<span class="nowrap">  </span></td> <td>1.2499</td> <td>33 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">β </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iodine-129" title="Iodine-129"><sup>129</sup>I</a> </td> <td>16.14<span class="nowrap">  </span></td> <td>0.8410</td> <td>194 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">βγ </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Decay energy is split among <a href="/wiki/Beta_particle" title="Beta particle">β</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrino</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">γ</a> if any.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Per 65 thermal neutron fissions of <a href="/wiki/Uranium-235" title="Uranium-235"><sup>235</sup>U</a> and 35 of <a href="/wiki/Plutonium-239" title="Plutonium-239"><sup>239</sup>Pu</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Has decay energy 380 keV, but its decay product <sup>126</sup>Sb has decay energy 3.67 MeV.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lower in thermal reactors because <a href="/wiki/Xenon-135" title="Xenon-135"><sup>135</sup>Xe</a>, its predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Neutron_poison" title="Neutron poison">readily absorbs neutrons</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b><sup>93</sup>Zr</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotope">radioisotope</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> of 1.53 million years, decaying through emission of a low-energy <a href="/wiki/Beta_particle" title="Beta particle">beta particle</a>. 73% of decays populate an <a href="/wiki/Excited_state" title="Excited state">excited state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a>-93, which decays with a half-life of 14 years and a low-energy <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma ray</a> to the stable ground state of <sup>93</sup>Nb, while the remaining 27% of decays directly populate the ground state.<sup id="cite_ref-Zr93_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zr93-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of only 7 <a href="/wiki/Long-lived_fission_product" title="Long-lived fission product">long-lived fission products</a>. The low specific activity and low energy of its radiations limit the radioactive hazards of this isotope. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">Nuclear fission</a> produces it at a fission yield of 6.3% (thermal neutron fission of <sup>235</sup>U), on a par with the other most abundant fission products. Nuclear reactors usually contain large amounts of zirconium as <a href="/wiki/Fuel_rod" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuel rod">fuel rod</a> <a href="/wiki/Cladding_(nuclear_fuel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cladding (nuclear fuel)">cladding</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Zircaloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Zircaloy">zircaloy</a>), and neutron irradiation of <sup>92</sup>Zr also produces some <sup>93</sup>Zr, though this is limited by <sup>92</sup>Zr's low <a href="/wiki/Neutron_capture" title="Neutron capture">neutron capture</a> <a href="/wiki/Neutron_cross-section" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutron cross-section">cross section</a> of 0.22 <a href="/wiki/Barn_(unit)" title="Barn (unit)">barns</a>. Indeed, one of the primary reasons for using zirconium in fuel rod cladding is its low cross section. </p><p><sup>93</sup>Zr also has a low <a href="/wiki/Neutron_capture" title="Neutron capture">neutron capture</a> <a href="/wiki/Neutron_cross_section" title="Neutron cross section">cross section</a> of 0.7 barns.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most fission zirconium consists of other isotopes; the other isotope with a significant neutron absorption cross section is <sup>91</sup>Zr with a cross section of 1.24 barns. <sup>93</sup>Zr is a less attractive candidate for disposal by <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_transmutation" title="Nuclear transmutation">nuclear transmutation</a> than are <a href="/wiki/Technetium-99" title="Technetium-99"><sup>99</sup>Tc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iodine-129" title="Iodine-129"><sup>129</sup>I</a>. Mobility in soil is relatively low, so that <a href="/wiki/Deep_geological_repository" title="Deep geological repository">geological disposal</a> may be an adequate solution. Alternatively, if the effect on the <a href="/wiki/Neutron_economy" title="Neutron economy">neutron economy</a> of <span class="chemf nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.5em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">93</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span>Zr</span>'s higher cross section is deemed acceptable, irradiated cladding and fission product Zirconium (which are mixed together in most current <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reprocessing" title="Nuclear reprocessing">nuclear reprocessing</a> methods) could be used to form new zircalloy cladding. Once the cladding is inside the reactor, the relatively low level radioactivity can be tolerated, but transport and manufacturing might require special precautions. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_zirconium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NUBASE2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKondevWangHuangNaimi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. 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(2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200678112051">"Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="Pure and Applied Chemistry">Pure and Applied Chemistry</a></i>. <b>78</b> (11): 2051–2066. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200678112051">10.1351/pac200678112051</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2005+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2051-2066&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac200678112051&rft.aulast=Wieser&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1351%252Fpac200678112051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+zirconium" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html">"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised"</a>. <i>International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>. 19 October 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Union+of+Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=News+%26+Notices%3A+Standard+Atomic+Weights+Revised&rft.date=2005-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.iupac.org%2Fnews%2Farchives%2F2005%2Fatomic-weights_revised05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+zirconium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAudiBersillonBlachotWapstra2003" class="citation cs2">Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; <a href="/wiki/Aaldert_Wapstra" title="Aaldert Wapstra">Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik</a> (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document">"The N<small>UBASE</small> evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"</a>, <i>Nuclear Physics A</i>, <b>729</b>: 3–128, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A">2003NuPhA.729....3A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&rft.atitle=The+N%3Csmall%3EUBASE%3C%2Fsmall%3E+evaluation+of+nuclear+and+decay+properties&rft.volume=729&rft.pages=3-128&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Bersillon%2C+Olivier&rft.au=Blachot%2C+Jean&rft.au=Wapstra%2C+Aaldert+Hendrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fin2p3-00020241%2Fdocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+zirconium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Nuclear_Data_Center" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Nuclear_Data_Center" title="National Nuclear Data Center">National Nuclear Data Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/">"NuDat 2.x database"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NuDat+2.x+database&rft.pub=Brookhaven+National+Laboratory&rft.au=National+Nuclear+Data+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Fnudat2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+zirconium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden2004" class="citation book cs1">Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i> (85th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida" title="Boca Raton, Florida">Boca Raton, Florida</a>: <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0485-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0485-9"><bdi>978-0-8493-0485-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=11.+Table+of+the+Isotopes&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.edition=85th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0485-9&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Norman+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsotopes+of+zirconium" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Isotopes_of_the_chemical_elements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_element_isotopes" title="Template:Navbox element isotopes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_element_isotopes" title="Template talk:Navbox element isotopes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_element_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox element isotopes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Isotopes_of_the_chemical_elements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">Isotopes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical elements</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:110%;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="border-spacing:1px;display:block;overflow:auto;width:100%;margin:0 !important"> <tbody><tr style="line-height:125%; vertical-align:top;"> <th style="text-align:right; width:3%; background:transparent"><small><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Group</a></small> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2</a> </th> <td style="width:2%">  </td> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th style="background:#e8e8e8; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th style="background:#f0f0f0; width:5%"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; line-height:125%; vertical-align:top;"> <th style="text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; background:transparent"><small><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a></small> </th> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Hydrogen and<br />alkali metals </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Alkaline<br />earth metals </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;"> </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;"> </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Pnictogens </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Chalcogens </td> <td style="background:#e8e8e8;">Halogens </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0;">Noble gases </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ①" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">①</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hydrogen" title="Isotopes of hydrogen">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hydrogen#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of hydrogen">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a></b></div>1 </td> <td colspan="17"> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_helium" title="Isotopes of helium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_helium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of helium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a></b></div>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ②" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">②</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lithium" title="Isotopes of lithium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lithium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lithium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a></b></div>3 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_beryllium" title="Isotopes of beryllium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_beryllium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of beryllium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a></b></div>4 </td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_boron" title="Isotopes of boron">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_boron#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of boron">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a></b></div>5 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_carbon" title="Isotopes of carbon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_carbon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of carbon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a></b></div>6 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nitrogen" title="Isotopes of nitrogen">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nitrogen#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nitrogen">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a></b></div>7 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oxygen" title="Isotopes of oxygen">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oxygen#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of oxygen">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a></b></div>8 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fluorine" title="Isotopes of fluorine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fluorine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of fluorine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">F</a></b></div>9 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neon" title="Isotopes of neon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of neon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a></b></div>10 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ③" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">③</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sodium" title="Isotopes of sodium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sodium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of sodium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a></b></div>11 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_magnesium" title="Isotopes of magnesium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_magnesium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of magnesium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a></b></div>12 </td> <td colspan="11"> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_aluminium" title="Isotopes of aluminium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_aluminium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of aluminium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a></b></div>13 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silicon" title="Isotopes of silicon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silicon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of silicon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Si</a></b></div>14 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_phosphorus" title="Isotopes of phosphorus">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_phosphorus#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of phosphorus">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">P</a></b></div>15 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sulfur" title="Isotopes of sulfur">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_sulfur#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of sulfur">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a></b></div>16 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chlorine" title="Isotopes of chlorine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chlorine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of chlorine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a></b></div>17 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_argon" title="Isotopes of argon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_argon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of argon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a></b></div>18 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ④" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">④</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_potassium" title="Isotopes of potassium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_potassium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of potassium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a></b></div>19 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_calcium" title="Isotopes of calcium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_calcium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of calcium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a></b></div>20 </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_scandium" title="Isotopes of scandium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_scandium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of scandium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a></b></div>21 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_titanium" title="Isotopes of titanium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_titanium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of titanium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a></b></div>22 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_vanadium" title="Isotopes of vanadium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_vanadium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of vanadium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a></b></div>23 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chromium" title="Isotopes of chromium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_chromium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of chromium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a></b></div>24 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_manganese" title="Isotopes of manganese">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_manganese#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of manganese">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a></b></div>25 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iron" title="Isotopes of iron">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iron#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of iron">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a></b></div>26 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cobalt" title="Isotopes of cobalt">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cobalt#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of cobalt">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a></b></div>27 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nickel" title="Isotopes of nickel">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nickel#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nickel">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a></b></div>28 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copper" title="Isotopes of copper">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copper#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of copper">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a></b></div>29 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zinc" title="Isotopes of zinc">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_zinc#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of zinc">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a></b></div>30 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gallium" title="Isotopes of gallium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gallium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of gallium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a></b></div>31 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_germanium" title="Isotopes of germanium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_germanium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of germanium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a></b></div>32 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_arsenic" title="Isotopes of arsenic">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_arsenic#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of arsenic">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a></b></div>33 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_selenium" title="Isotopes of selenium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_selenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of selenium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a></b></div>34 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bromine" title="Isotopes of bromine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bromine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of bromine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a></b></div>35 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_krypton" title="Isotopes of krypton">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_krypton#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of krypton">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a></b></div>36 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑤" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">⑤</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rubidium" title="Isotopes of rubidium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rubidium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rubidium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a></b></div>37 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_strontium" title="Isotopes of strontium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_strontium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of strontium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a></b></div>38 </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_yttrium" title="Isotopes of yttrium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_yttrium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of yttrium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a></b></div>39 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Isotopes</a>  <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#List_of_isotopes">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a></b></div>40 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_niobium" title="Isotopes of niobium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_niobium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of niobium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a></b></div>41 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_molybdenum" title="Isotopes of molybdenum">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_molybdenum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of molybdenum">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a></b></div>42 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_technetium" title="Isotopes of technetium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_technetium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of technetium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a></b></div>43 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ruthenium" title="Isotopes of ruthenium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ruthenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of ruthenium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a></b></div>44 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhodium" title="Isotopes of rhodium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhodium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rhodium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a></b></div>45 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_palladium" title="Isotopes of palladium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_palladium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of palladium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a></b></div>46 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silver" title="Isotopes of silver">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_silver#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of silver">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a></b></div>47 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cadmium" title="Isotopes of cadmium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cadmium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of cadmium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a></b></div>48 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_indium" title="Isotopes of indium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_indium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of indium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a></b></div>49 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tin" title="Isotopes of tin">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tin#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tin">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Sn</a></b></div>50 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_antimony" title="Isotopes of antimony">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_antimony#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of antimony">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Sb</a></b></div>51 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tellurium" title="Isotopes of tellurium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tellurium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tellurium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Te</a></b></div>52 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iodine" title="Isotopes of iodine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iodine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of iodine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a></b></div>53 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_xenon" title="Isotopes of xenon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_xenon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of xenon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a></b></div>54 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑥" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">⑥</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_caesium" title="Isotopes of caesium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_caesium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of caesium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a></b></div>55 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_barium" title="Isotopes of barium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_barium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of barium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a></b></div>56 </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:#9bff99;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lutetium" title="Isotopes of lutetium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lutetium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lutetium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a></b></div>71 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hafnium" title="Isotopes of hafnium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hafnium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of hafnium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a></b></div>72 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tantalum" title="Isotopes of tantalum">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tantalum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tantalum">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a></b></div>73 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tungsten" title="Isotopes of tungsten">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tungsten#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tungsten">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a></b></div>74 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhenium" title="Isotopes of rhenium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rhenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rhenium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a></b></div>75 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_osmium" title="Isotopes of osmium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_osmium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of osmium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a></b></div>76 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iridium" title="Isotopes of iridium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_iridium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of iridium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a></b></div>77 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_platinum" title="Isotopes of platinum">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_platinum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of platinum">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a></b></div>78 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gold" title="Isotopes of gold">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gold#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of gold">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a></b></div>79 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mercury" title="Isotopes of mercury">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mercury#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of mercury">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a></b></div>80 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thallium" title="Isotopes of thallium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thallium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of thallium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a></b></div>81 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lead" title="Isotopes of lead">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lead#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lead">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a></b></div>82 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bismuth" title="Isotopes of bismuth">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bismuth#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of bismuth">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a></b></div>83 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_polonium" title="Isotopes of polonium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_polonium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of polonium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a></b></div>84 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_astatine" title="Isotopes of astatine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_astatine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of astatine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">At</a></b></div>85 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radon" title="Isotopes of radon">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radon#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of radon">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a></b></div>86 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑦" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">⑦</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_francium" title="Isotopes of francium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_francium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of francium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a></b></div>87 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#ff9999;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radium" title="Isotopes of radium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_radium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of radium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a></b></div>88 </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:#9bff99;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/16px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/24px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/32px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lawrencium" title="Isotopes of lawrencium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lawrencium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lawrencium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a></b></div>103 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rutherfordium" title="Isotopes of rutherfordium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rutherfordium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of rutherfordium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a></b></div>104 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dubnium" title="Isotopes of dubnium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dubnium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of dubnium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a></b></div>105 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_seaborgium" title="Isotopes of seaborgium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_seaborgium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of seaborgium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a></b></div>106 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bohrium" title="Isotopes of bohrium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_bohrium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of bohrium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a></b></div>107 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hassium" title="Isotopes of hassium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_hassium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of hassium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a></b></div>108 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_meitnerium" title="Isotopes of meitnerium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_meitnerium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of meitnerium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a></b></div>109 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_darmstadtium" title="Isotopes of darmstadtium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_darmstadtium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of darmstadtium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a></b></div>110 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_roentgenium" title="Isotopes of roentgenium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_roentgenium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of roentgenium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a></b></div>111 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#99ccff;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copernicium" title="Isotopes of copernicium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_copernicium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of copernicium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a></b></div>112 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nihonium" title="Isotopes of nihonium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nihonium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nihonium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a></b></div>113 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_flerovium" title="Isotopes of flerovium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_flerovium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of flerovium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a></b></div>114 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_moscovium" title="Isotopes of moscovium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_moscovium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of moscovium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a></b></div>115 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_livermorium" title="Isotopes of livermorium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_livermorium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of livermorium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a></b></div>116 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tennessine" title="Isotopes of tennessine">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_tennessine#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of tennessine">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Ts</a></b></div>117 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#fdff8c;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oganesson" title="Isotopes of oganesson">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_oganesson#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of oganesson">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a></b></div>118 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:transparent"><span title="Period ⑧" class="nounderlines" style="font-size:150%;"><a href="/wiki/Period_8_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Period 8 element">⑧</a></span> </th> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#eee;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ununennium" title="Isotopes of ununennium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ununennium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of ununennium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium">Uue</a></b></div>119 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#eee;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_unbinilium" title="Isotopes of unbinilium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_unbinilium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of unbinilium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium">Ubn</a></b></div>120 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="20" style="height:1.4em;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lanthanum" title="Isotopes of lanthanum">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lanthanum#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of lanthanum">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">La</a></b></div>57 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cerium" title="Isotopes of cerium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_cerium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of cerium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a></b></div>58 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_praseodymium" title="Isotopes of praseodymium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_praseodymium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of praseodymium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a></b></div>59 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neodymium" title="Isotopes of neodymium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neodymium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of neodymium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Nd</a></b></div>60 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_promethium" title="Isotopes of promethium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_promethium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of promethium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a></b></div>61 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_samarium" title="Isotopes of samarium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_samarium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of samarium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a></b></div>62 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_europium" title="Isotopes of europium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_europium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of europium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a></b></div>63 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gadolinium" title="Isotopes of gadolinium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_gadolinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of gadolinium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a></b></div>64 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_terbium" title="Isotopes of terbium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_terbium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of terbium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a></b></div>65 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dysprosium" title="Isotopes of dysprosium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_dysprosium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of dysprosium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a></b></div>66 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_holmium" title="Isotopes of holmium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_holmium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of holmium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a></b></div>67 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_erbium" title="Isotopes of erbium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_erbium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of erbium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a></b></div>68 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thulium" title="Isotopes of thulium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thulium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of thulium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a></b></div>69 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ytterbium" title="Isotopes of ytterbium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_ytterbium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of ytterbium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a></b></div>70 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/16px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/24px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg/32px-Asterisks_2_%28vertical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_actinium" title="Isotopes of actinium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_actinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of actinium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a></b></div>89 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thorium" title="Isotopes of thorium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thorium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of thorium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a></b></div>90 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_protactinium" title="Isotopes of protactinium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_protactinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of protactinium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a></b></div>91 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_uranium" title="Isotopes of uranium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_uranium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of uranium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a></b></div>92 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neptunium" title="Isotopes of neptunium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neptunium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of neptunium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a></b></div>93 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_plutonium" title="Isotopes of plutonium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_plutonium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of plutonium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a></b></div>94 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_americium" title="Isotopes of americium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_americium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of americium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a></b></div>95 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_curium" title="Isotopes of curium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_curium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of curium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a></b></div>96 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_berkelium" title="Isotopes of berkelium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_berkelium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of berkelium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a></b></div>97 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_californium" title="Isotopes of californium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_californium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of californium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a></b></div>98 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_einsteinium" title="Isotopes of einsteinium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_einsteinium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of einsteinium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a></b></div>99 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fermium" title="Isotopes of fermium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_fermium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of fermium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a></b></div>100 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mendelevium" title="Isotopes of mendelevium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_mendelevium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of mendelevium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a></b></div>101 </td> <td style="padding-left:0.1em; background:#9bff99;"><div style="text-align:left"><small><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nobelium" title="Isotopes of nobelium">Isotopes</a>  <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nobelium#List_of_isotopes" title="Isotopes of nobelium">§ List</a></small></div><div style="display:block"><b><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a></b></div>102 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#f0f0f0;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_nuclides" title="Table of nuclides">Table of nuclides</a></li> <li>Categories: <a href="/wiki/Category:Isotopes" title="Category:Isotopes">Isotopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tables_of_nuclides" title="Category:Tables of nuclides">Tables of nuclides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metastable_isotopes" title="Category:Metastable isotopes">Metastable isotopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_isotopes_by_element" title="Category:Lists of isotopes by element">Isotopes by element</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190176#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85149900">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534255205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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