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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Conservatism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 130 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-130" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">130 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konserwatisme" title="Konserwatisme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Konserwatisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatismus" title="Konservatismus – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Konservatismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%88%E1%8C%8D_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8C%A5%E1%89%A3%E1%89%82%E1%8A%90%E1%89%B5" title="ወግ አጥባቂነት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ወግ አጥባቂነት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9" title="سياسة محافظة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سياسة محافظة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservadurismo" title="Conservadurismo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Conservadurismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="ৰক্ষণশীলতাবাদ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰক্ষণশীলতাবাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservadorismu" title="Conservadorismu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Conservadorismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teko_%C3%B1ongatu" title="Teko ñongatu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Teko ñongatu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Консерватизм – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Консерватизм" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BChafiz%C9%99karl%C4%B1q" title="Mühafizəkarlıq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mühafizəkarlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="موحافیظه‌کارلیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موحافیظه‌کارلیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="রক্ষণশীলতাবাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রক্ষণশীলতাবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3-si%C3%BA-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Pó-siú-chú-gī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pó-siú-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Консерватизм – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Консерватизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Кансерватызм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кансерватызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Кансэрватызм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кансэрватызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Консерватизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Консерватизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatismus" title="Konservatismus – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Konservatismus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzervativizam" title="Konzervativizam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Konzervativizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirouriezh" title="Mirouriezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mirouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Консерватизм – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Консерватизм" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservadorisme" title="Conservadorisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Conservadorisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzervatismus" title="Konzervatismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Konzervatismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceidwadaeth" title="Ceidwadaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ceidwadaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatisme" title="Konservatisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Konservatisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لمحافظية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لمحافظية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatismus" title="Konservatismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Konservatismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatism" title="Konservatism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Konservatism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Συντηρητισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συντηρητισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Conservatism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservadurismo" title="Conservadurismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Conservadurismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservativismo" title="Konservativismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konservativismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontserbadurismo" title="Kontserbadurismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kontserbadurismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="محافظه‌کاری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محافظه‌کاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurriwaad" title="Rurriwaad – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rurriwaad" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatisma" title="Konservatisma – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Konservatisma" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatisme" title="Conservatisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conservatisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatisme" title="Konservatisme – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Konservatisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coime%C3%A1dachas" title="Coimeádachas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coimeádachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservadorismo" title="Conservadorismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Conservadorismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%88%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="보수주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보수주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Conservatism" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պահպանողականություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պահպանողականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="रूढ़िवाद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूढ़िवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzervativizam" title="Konzervativizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Konzervativizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservemismo" title="Konservemismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Konservemismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Conservatism" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konserbatismo" title="Konserbatismo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Konserbatismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatisme" title="Konservatisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konservatisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatismo" title="Conservatismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Conservatismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dhaldsstefna" title="Íhaldsstefna – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íhaldsstefna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatorismo" title="Conservatorismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Conservatorismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שמרנות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמרנות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Консерватизм – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Консерватизм" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="კონსერვატიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კონსერვატიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Консерватизм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Консерватизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwithyaseth" title="Gwithyaseth – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gwithyaseth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushikiliaji_Ukale" title="Ushikiliaji Ukale – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ushikiliaji Ukale" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatism" title="Konservatism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Konservatism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhafizekar%C3%AE" title="Muhafizekarî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Muhafizekarî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Консерватизм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Консерватизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatismus" title="Conservatismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Conservatismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservat%C4%ABvisms" title="Konservatīvisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Konservatīvisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatismus" title="Konservatismus – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Konservatismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatizmas" title="Konservatizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Konservatizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatisme" title="Conservatisme – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Conservatisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservalisme" title="Conservalisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Conservalisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatorism" title="Conservatorism – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Conservatorism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzervativizmus" title="Konzervativizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Konzervativizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Конзервативизам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Конзервативизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82" title="യാഥാസ്ഥിതികത്വം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യാഥാസ്ഥിതികത്വം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="पुराणमतवाद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पुराणमतवाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="კონსერვატიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კონსერვატიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%87" title="سياسه محافظه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سياسه محافظه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="کانسرواتیسم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کانسرواتیسم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatisme" title="Konservatisme – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Konservatisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Консерватизмась – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Консерватизмась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Консерватизм – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Консерватизм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92" title="ရှေးရိုးစွဲဝါဒ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှေးရိုးစွဲဝါဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatisme" title="Conservatisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Conservatisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="पुरातनवाद – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पुरातनवाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88" title="保守 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="保守" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Консерватизм – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Консерватизм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatisme" title="Konservatisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Konservatisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatisme" title="Konservatisme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Konservatisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatisme" title="Conservatisme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Conservatisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatizm" title="Konservatizm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Konservatizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਰੂੜ੍ਹੀਵਾਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂੜ੍ਹੀਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B2%D9%85" title="کنزرویٹزم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کنزرویٹزم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="محافظه کاري – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="محافظه کاري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansoervatizim" title="Kansoervatizim – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kansoervatizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%98" title="អភិរក្សនិយម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អភិរក្សនិយម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatorism" title="Conservatorism – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Conservatorism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatismus" title="Konservatismus – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Konservatismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konserwatyzm" title="Konserwatyzm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konserwatyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservadorismo" title="Conservadorismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Conservadorismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatorism" title="Conservatorism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Conservatorism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatissem" title="Conservatissem – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Conservatissem" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Конзерватівізм – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Конзерватівізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Консерватизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Консерватизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Консерватизм – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Консерватизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatizmi" title="Konservatizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Konservatizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="කොන්සවේටිව්වාදය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කොන්සවේටිව්වාදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF" title="قدامت پسند – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قدامت پسند" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzervativizmus" title="Konzervativizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Konzervativizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatizem" title="Konservatizem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Konservatizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%86%D9%BE%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="شۆپپارێزی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شۆپپارێزی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Конзервативизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Конзервативизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzervativizam" title="Konzervativizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Konzervativizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatismi" title="Konservatismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Konservatismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatism" title="Konservatism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Konservatism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konserbatismo" title="Konserbatismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Konserbatismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பழைமைவாதம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பழைமைவாதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Консерватизм – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Консерватизм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%82" title="సాంప్రదాయ వాదం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సాంప్రదాయ వాదం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="อนุรักษนิยม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อนุรักษนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhafazak%C3%A2rl%C4%B1k" title="Muhafazakârlık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Muhafazakârlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Консерватизм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Консерватизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="قدامت پرستی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قدامت پرستی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%90%D8%B1%DB%8B%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%BE" title="كونسېرۋاتىپ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كونسېرۋاتىپ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatorismo" title="Conservatorismo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Conservatorismo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_b%E1%BA%A3o_th%E1%BB%A7" title="Chủ nghĩa bảo thủ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa bảo thủ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konserbatismo" title="Konserbatismo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Konserbatismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="保守主义 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="保守主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="קאנסערוואטיזם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאנסערוואטיזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="保守主義 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="保守主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatizm" title="Konservatizm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Konservatizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuonservat%C4%97zmos" title="Kuonservatėzmos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuonservatėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="保守主义 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="保守主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservatisme" title="Konservatisme – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Konservatisme" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7169#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Conservative" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Conservative_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Conservative (disambiguation)">Conservative (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TeaPartyDC2009Sept12PennAve.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/TeaPartyDC2009Sept12PennAve.JPG/220px-TeaPartyDC2009Sept12PennAve.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/TeaPartyDC2009Sept12PennAve.JPG/330px-TeaPartyDC2009Sept12PennAve.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/TeaPartyDC2009Sept12PennAve.JPG/440px-TeaPartyDC2009Sept12PennAve.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>2009 Taxpayer March on Washington as conservative protesters walk down <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pennsylvania_Avenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pennsylvania Avenue (not yet started)">Pennsylvania Avenue</a>, Washington, D. C.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Conservatism</b> is a type of political belief that supports emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradition">traditions</a> and relies on the individual to maintain society.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was first used by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" class="extiw" title="en:François-René de Chateaubriand">François-René de Chateaubriand</a> in 1818,<sup id="cite_ref-Muller_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muller-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a>, which wanted to roll back the policies of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. The term is associated with <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing politics</a>. It has been used to describe a wide range of views. There is no single set of policies that are regarded as conservative because the meaning of conservatism depends on a given place and time, although most Conservatives oppose <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> in some way and want to go back to old values.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brit_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Western culture">Western culture</a> for example, Conservatives try to maintain things like organized religion, property rights, parliamentary government and family values. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beliefs">Beliefs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Beliefs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Beliefs"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conservatism tends to support the notion of <a href="/wiki/Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Faith">faith</a>, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrahamic religion">Abrahamic</a> traditions in countries where those are the dominant religions. In <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, the publication of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a>’s book <i>Reflections on the revolution in France</i> suggested people should be satisfied and advocated a caring government.<sup id="cite_ref-History_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some conservatives seek to keep things as they are, while others want a return to the way things were at an earlier time.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is often called <a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">reactionary</a> conservatism. A conservative party in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> formed which wanted better co-operation between rich and poor, <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>, and some aspects of a <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>. This was also favored by conservatives in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and other parts of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Types" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Types"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gradualism" title="Gradualism">Gradualism</a>: The process of change in a slow, gradual way.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal conservatism</a>: Conservatism with the <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical liberal">classical liberal</a> view that the government should not control the <a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">economy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a>: Conservatism that is focused more on culture and race without being a <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">Nationalist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">Far-right</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conservatism" title="Religious conservatism">Religious conservatism</a>: Conservatism that applies a <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a> to politics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Social conservatism">Social conservatism</a>: Conservatism that focuses on <a href="/wiki/Social_issue" title="Social issue">social issues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradition">traditions</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservatism_in_different_countries">Conservatism in different countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Conservatism in different countries" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Conservatism in different countries"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Brazil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Brazil"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, conservatism comes from its Portuguese roots, often being <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-disambig" title="Evangelical">Evangelical</a>, such as President <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: India" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: India"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conservatives in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> are pro-<a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, anti-<a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, and are <a href="/wiki/Social_conservative" title="Social conservative">socially conservative</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> is the biggest conservative party in India, lead by <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: United States" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: United States"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, conservatives worry about <a href="/wiki/Centralism" title="Centralism">centralism</a>, do not trust the welfare state, and consider business people trustworthy on <a href="/wiki/Wage" title="Wage">wages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Price" title="Price">prices</a>. During the 20th century the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> became a Conservative political party in the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberalism</a></li> <li><a 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title="en:q:Special:Search/Conservatism">Conservatism</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBallDaggerMinogueViereck1999" class="citation web cs1">Ball, Terence; Dagger, Richard; Minogue, Kenneth; Viereck, Peter (26 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/conservatism">"Conservatism | History, Intellectual Foundations, & Examples"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. Encyclopedia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Conservatism+%7C+History%2C+Intellectual+Foundations%2C+%26+Examples&rft.date=1999-07-26&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Terence&rft.au=Dagger%2C+Richard&rft.au=Minogue%2C+Kenneth&rft.au=Viereck%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fconservatism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConservatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muller-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Muller_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMuller1997" class="citation book cs1">Muller, Jerry Z. (4 May 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kOM9DwAAQBAJ"><i>Conservatism : an anthology of social and political thought from David Hume to the present</i></a>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-03711-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-03711-0"><bdi>978-0-691-03711-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>. <q>Terms related to 'conservative' first found their way into political discourse in the title of the French weekly journal, Le Conservateur, founded in 1818 by François-René de Chateaubriand with the aid of Louis de Bonald.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservatism+%3A+an+anthology+of+social+and+political+thought+from+David+Hume+to+the+present&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1997-05-04&rft.isbn=978-0-691-03711-0&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=Jerry+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkOM9DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConservatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair (2009). "Conservatism". <i>Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics</i> (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. "Sometimes [conservatism] has been outright opposition, based on an existing model of society that is considered right for all time. It can take a 'reactionary' form, harking back to, and attempting to reconstruct, forms of society which existed in an earlier period". <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920516-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920516-5">978-0-19-920516-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-brit_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/133435/conservatism">"Conservatism (political philosophy)"</a>. <i>Britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Conservatism+%28political+philosophy%29&rft.btitle=Britannica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F133435%2Fconservatism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConservatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-History_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/burke_edmund.shtml">"BBC – History – Edmund Burke (1729–1797)"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i>. BBC (UK). 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210608185854/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/burke_edmund.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+History+%E2%80%93+Edmund+Burke+%281729%E2%80%931797%29&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric_figures%2Fburke_edmund.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConservatism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMcLeanMcMillan2010" class="citation book cs1">McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair (18 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199207800.001.0001/acref-9780199207800"><i>The concise Oxford dictionary of politics</i></a> (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920516-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920516-5"><bdi>978-0-19-920516-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>. <q>Sometimes it (conservatism) has been outright opposition, based on an existing model of society that is considered right for all time. It can take a 'reactionary' form, harking back to, and attempting to reconstruct, forms of society which existed in an earlier period</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+concise+Oxford+dictionary+of+politics&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010-01-18&rft.isbn=978-0-19-920516-5&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft.au=McMillan%2C+Alistair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199207800.001.0001%2Facref-9780199207800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConservatism" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_spectrum" title="Template:Political spectrum"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_spectrum" title="Template talk:Political spectrum"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Political_spectrum&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_spectrum" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Radical_politics_*_Triangulation"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radical_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radical politics (not yet started)">Radical politics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triangulation_(politics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triangulation (politics) (not yet started)">Triangulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:110%;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Politics</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrism" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrism">Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Political positions</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-left_anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-left anarchy">Post-leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultra-leftism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultra-leftism (not yet started)">Ultra-leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Stalinist_left&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Stalinist left (not yet started)">Anti-Stalinist left</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Left&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Left (not yet started)">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centrist_Marxism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centrist Marxism (not yet started)">Centrist Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third Way (not yet started)">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radical_centrism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radical centrism (not yet started)">Radical centrism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Right&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Right (not yet started)">New Right</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Political ideologies</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Religious politics</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_left&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian left (not yet started)">Christian left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish left</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_left&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muslim left (not yet started)">Muslim left</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_conservatism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic conservatism (not yet started)">Islamic conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_and_democracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam and democracy (not yet started)">Islam and democracy</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Models</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Horseshoe theory">Horseshoe theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left%E2%80%93right_politics" title="Left–right politics">Left–right politics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nolan_chart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nolan chart (not yet started)">Nolan chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overton_window" title="Overton window">Overton window</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open%E2%80%93closed_political_spectrum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open–closed political spectrum (not yet started)">Open–closed political spectrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Political_Compass" title="The Political Compass">The Political Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pournelle_chart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pournelle chart (not yet started)">Pournelle chart</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Right-wing_authoritarianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Right-wing authoritarianism (not yet started)">Right-wing authoritarianism</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Political pejoratives</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_fascism" title="Left-wing fascism">Left-wing fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baizuo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baizuo (not yet started)">Baizuo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Champagne_socialist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champagne socialist (not yet started)">Champagne socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hard_left&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hard left (not yet started)">Hard left</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_elite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal elite (not yet started)">Liberal elite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loony_left&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loony left (not yet started)">Loony left</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moonbat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moonbat (not yet started)">Moonbat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_fascism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red fascism (not yet started)">Red fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regressive_left&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regressive left (not yet started)">Regressive left</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_fascism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social fascism (not yet started)">Social fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_imperialism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social imperialism (not yet started)">Social imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soft_left&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soft left (not yet started)">Soft left</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wingnut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wingnut (not yet started)">Wingnut</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philosophy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philosophy_topics" title="Template:Philosophy topics"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philosophy_topics" title="Template talk:Philosophy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Philosophy_topics&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philosophy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:110%;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outline of philosophy (not yet started)">Branches</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">Epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphilosophy" title="Metaphilosophy">Metaphilosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">Philosophy of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mathematics" title="Philosophy of mathematics">Philosophy of mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_science" title="Philosophy of science">Philosophy of science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_philosophy" title="Social philosophy">Social philosophy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_philosophies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of philosophies (not yet started)">Schools of thought</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_philosophy" title="Ancient philosophy">Ancient philosophy</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese philosophy (not yet started)">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legalism (Chinese philosophy)">Legalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculturalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculturalism (not yet started)">Agriculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=School_of_Names&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="School of Names (not yet started)">Logicians</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohism (not yet started)">Mohism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=School_of_Naturalists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="School of Naturalists (not yet started)">Chinese naturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangism (not yet started)">Yangism</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Greco-</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Roman_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Roman philosophy (not yet started)">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Socratic_philosophy" title="Pre-Socratic philosophy">Presocratic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoreanism" title="Pythagoreanism">Pythagoreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophist">Sophists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomism" title="Atomism">Atomists</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionian_School_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionian School (philosophy) (not yet started)">Ionians</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eleatics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eleatics (not yet started)">Eleatics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophy" title="Hellenistic philosophy">Hellenistic philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicureanism" title="Epicureanism">Epicureanism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrrhonism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrrhonism (not yet started)">Pyrrhonism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academic_Skepticism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academic Skepticism (not yet started)">Academic Skepticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrenaics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrenaics (not yet started)">Cyrenaics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynicism_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynicism (philosophy) (not yet started)">Cynicism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eretrian_school&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eretrian school (not yet started)">Eretrian school</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megarian_school&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megarian school (not yet started)">Megarian school</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platonic_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platonic Academy (not yet started)">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatetic_school&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatetic school (not yet started)">Peripatetic school</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Platonism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Platonism (not yet started)">Middle Platonism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=School_of_the_Sextii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="School of the Sextii (not yet started)">School of the Sextii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neopythagoreanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neopythagoreanism (not yet started)">Neopythagoreanism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Sophistic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Sophistic (not yet started)">Second Sophistic</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian philosophy (not yet started)">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Cārvāka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samkhya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samkhya (not yet started)">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyaya (not yet started)">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisheshika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaisheshika (not yet started)">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali (not yet started)">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mīmāṃsā (not yet started)">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80j%C4%ABvika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ājīvika (not yet started)">Ājīvika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aj%C3%B1ana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajñana (not yet started)">Ajñana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jain_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jain philosophy (not yet started)">Jain</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anekantavada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anekantavada (not yet started)">Anekantavada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sy%C4%81dv%C4%81da&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syādvāda (not yet started)">Syādvāda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist philosophy (not yet started)">Buddhist</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śūnyatā (not yet started)">Śūnyatā</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhyamaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhyamaka (not yet started)">Madhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogachara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yogachara (not yet started)">Yogacara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sautr%C4%81ntika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sautrāntika (not yet started)">Sautrāntika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svatantrika%E2%80%93Prasa%E1%B9%85gika_distinction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svatantrika–Prasaṅgika distinction (not yet started)">Svatantrika</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iranian philosophy (not yet started)">Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazdakism">Mazdakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mithraism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mithraism (not yet started)">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zurvanism (not yet started)">Zurvanism</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Medieval philosophy</a></b> <ul><li>East Asian <ul><li>Neo-<a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xuanxue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xuanxue (not yet started)">Neotaoism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chan Buddhism (not yet started)">Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Confucianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean Confucianism (not yet started)">Korean Confucianism</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian philosophy (not yet started)">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustinianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustinianism (not yet started)">Augustinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scotism (not yet started)">Scotism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occamism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occamism (not yet started)">Occamism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaissance_humanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renaissance humanism (not yet started)">Renaissance humanism</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>South Asian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achintya_Bheda_Abheda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda (not yet started)">Acintya bheda abheda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhedabheda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhedabheda (not yet started)">Bhedabheda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvaita_Vedanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvaita Vedanta (not yet started)">Dvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nimbarka_Sampradaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya (not yet started)">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuddhadvaita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuddhadvaita (not yet started)">Shuddhadvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishishtadvaita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vishishtadvaita (not yet started)">Vishishtadvaita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navya-Ny%C4%81ya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navya-Nyāya (not yet started)">Navya-Nyāya</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Islamic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">ʿIlm al-Kalām</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristotelianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristotelianism (not yet started)">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Averroism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Averroism (not yet started)">Averroism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicennism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avicennism (not yet started)">Avicennism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illuminationism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illuminationism (not yet started)">Illuminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sufi_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sufi philosophy (not yet started)">Sufi</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish philosophy (not yet started)">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judeo-Islamic_philosophies_(800%E2%80%931400)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400) (not yet started)">Judeo-Islamic</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modern philosophy (not yet started)">Modern philosophy</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">Determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_(philosophy_of_mind)" title="Dualism (philosophy of mind)">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">Holism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antihumanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antihumanism (not yet started)">Anti-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">Idealism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_idealism" title="German idealism">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_idealism" title="Transcendental idealism">Transcendental</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_idealism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absolute idealism (not yet started)">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_idealism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British idealism (not yet started)">British</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Objective_idealism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objective idealism (not yet started)">Objective</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subjective_idealism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjective idealism (not yet started)">Subjective</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">Materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)" title="Naturalism (philosophy)">Naturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">Nihilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">Pragmatism</a></li> <li><a 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