CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Vedanta - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )simplewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"43e32d0f-b77b-4562-bed4-0e713779f5b9","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Vedanta","wgTitle":"Vedanta","wgCurRevisionId":9533651,"wgRevisionId":9533651,"wgArticleId":1064976,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the JsonConfig extension","Articles with BNE identifiers","Articles with BNF identifiers","Articles with BNFdata identifiers","Articles with J9U identifiers","Articles with LCCN identifiers","Articles with LNB identifiers","Articles with NDL identifiers","Articles with NKC identifiers","Hinduism","Consciousness","Vedas"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Vedanta","wgRelevantArticleId":1064976, "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":5000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2512051","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true, "wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin", "mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Vedanta - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="change this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//simple.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.simple"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Vedanta rootpage-Vedanta skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Getting around </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_start" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Simple start</span></a></li><li id="n-Simple-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_talk"><span>Simple talk</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="The list of new changes in the wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>New changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Show any page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Show any page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to get help"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-simple.svg" width="101" height="18" style="width: 6.3125em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Vedanta" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Vedanta" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Vedanta" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Vedanta" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Main_Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Main Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Philosophy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Philosophy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Common_Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Common Features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Different_Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Different_Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Different Views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Different_Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relation_between_Atman_and_Brahman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_between_Atman_and_Brahman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Relation between Atman and Brahman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_between_Atman_and_Brahman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vedanta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="فيدانتا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيدانتا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4" title="বেদান্ত – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বেদান্ত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4" title="বেদান্ত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেদান্ত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Веданта – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Веданта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4" title="वेदांत – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वेदांत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Веданта – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Веданта" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9d%C3%A1nta" title="Védánta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Védánta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedaanta" title="Vedaanta – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vedaanta" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ved%C4%81nta" title="Vedānta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vedānta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanto" title="Vedanto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vedanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87" title="ویدانته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویدانته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9danta" title="Védanta – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Védanta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%8B%A8%ED%83%80_%ED%95%99%ED%8C%8C" title="베단타 학파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베단타 학파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1" title="Վեդանտա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վեդանտա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="वेदान्त दर्शन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेदान्त दर्शन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedanta" title="Wedanta – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wedanta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ved%C4%81nta" title="Vedānta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vedānta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%94" title="ודאנטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ודאנטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedanta" title="Wedanta – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wedanta" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4" title="ವೇದಾಂತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವೇದಾಂತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Веданта – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Веданта" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9d%C3%A1nta" title="Védánta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Védánta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="വേദാന്തം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വേദാന്തം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="वेदान्त – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वेदान्त" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsafah_Vedanta" title="Falsafah Vedanta – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Falsafah Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="वेदान्त – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वेदान्त" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="वेदान्त – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वेदान्त" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="ヴェーダーンタ学派 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェーダーンタ学派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4" title="ବେଦାନ୍ତ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବେଦାନ୍ତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4" title="ਵੇਦਾਂਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੇਦਾਂਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="वेदान्त – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="वेदान्त" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="ویدانتا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ویدانتا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedanta" title="Wedanta – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wedanta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Веданта – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Веданта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%83" title="वेदान्तः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वेदान्तः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="ويدانيت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ويدانيت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Веданта – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Веданта" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வேதாந்தம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேதாந்தம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="వేదాంతము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వేదాంతము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Веданта – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Веданта" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Веданта – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Веданта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="ویدانت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویدانت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vedanta" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E6%AA%80%E5%A4%9A" title="吠檀多 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="吠檀多" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E6%AA%80%E5%A4%9A%E6%B4%BE" title="吠檀多派 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="吠檀多派" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E6%AA%80%E5%A4%9A" title="吠檀多 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="吠檀多" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2512051#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Vedanta&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion about the content page (not yet started) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vedanta"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vedanta"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Vedanta" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Vedanta" rel="nofollow" title="New changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&oldid=9533651" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Vedanta&id=9533651&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVedanta"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVedanta"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Vedanta"><span>Make a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Vedanta&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Page for printing</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vedanta" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2512051" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Vedanta</b> is a school of <a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a>, one of the six recognized in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. The name means <i>"end of the Vedas".</i> It is based on ideas found in the <a href="/wiki/Upanishad" title="Upanishad">Upanishads</a>, focusing on knowledge and liberation. Vedanta has various schools that follow texts like the <a href="/wiki/Upanishad" title="Upanishad">Upanishads</a>, Brahma Sutras, and <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a>. The main Vedanta schools include Bhedabheda, <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a>, Vishishtadvaita, Tattvavada (Dvaita), Suddhadvaita, and Achintya-Bheda-Abheda. Modern developments include Neo-Vedanta and the <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan Sampradaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most Vedanta schools, except <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a> and Neo-Vedanta, are linked to <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a>, emphasizing devotion (Bhakti) to <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>, often <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a>, in contrast, emphasizes Jnana (knowledge) and <a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana Yoga</a>. While Advaita has gained attention in the West, other Vedanta traditions mainly focus on <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnava theology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_Schools">Main Schools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Main Schools" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Main Schools"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are different counts of Vedanta schools, ranging from three to six. Some prominent ones include:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Bhedabheda (7th or 4th century CE)</li> <li>Dvaitādvaita (<a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnava</a>, founded by Nimbarka in the 7th century CE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monistic</a>, prominent scholars include Gaudapada and Adi Shankaracharya)</li> <li>Vishishtadvaita (<a href="/wiki/Vaishnava" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava">Vaishnava</a>, with scholars like Nathamuni, Yāmuna, and Ramanuja)</li> <li>Akshar-Purushottam Darshan (rooted in Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita, based on <a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan's</a> teachings)</li> <li>Tattvavada (<a href="/wiki/Vaishnava" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava">Vaishnava</a>, founded by Madhvacharya with scholars like Jayatirtha and Vyasatirtha)</li> <li>Suddhadvaita (<a href="/wiki/Vaishnava" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava">Vaishnava</a>, founded by Vallabha)</li> <li>Achintya Bheda Abheda (<a href="/wiki/Vaishnava" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava">Vaishnava</a>, founded by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, propagated by Gaudiya Vaishnava)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Philosophy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophy"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_Features">Common Features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Common Features" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Common Features"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite their differences, all Vedanta schools share some common ideas:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Vedanta aims to understand <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Atman" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman">Atman</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Upanishad" title="Upanishad">Upaniṣads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavadgita</a>, and Brahma Sutras form the foundation of Vedanta.</li> <li>Scripture is the main source of knowledge.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> or Ishvara is the unchanging cause of the world.</li> <li>The self (Ātman or Jiva) is responsible for its actions and their consequences.</li> <li>Belief in rebirth and the quest for release from it (<a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a>).</li> <li>Rejection of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, and other Vedic schools.</li></ul> <p>The main texts of Vedanta are the <a href="/wiki/Upanishad" title="Upanishad">Upanishads</a>, Brahma Sūtras, and <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavadgītā</a>, collectively known as Prasthānatrayī.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Different_Views">Different Views</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Different Views" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Different Views"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vedanta philosophers discuss three fundamental categories—<a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atman" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman">Ātman</a>, and Prakriti—and their relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shankaracharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Shankaracharya">Shankaracharya</a> distinguishes a higher, undifferentiated <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>, and a lower, qualified Brahman.</li> <li>Ramanuja accepts Brahman as Ishvara, a personal God with auspicious attributes.</li> <li>Madhvacharya identifies <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> as the supreme God, equating <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> with a personal god.</li> <li>Vallabhacharya recognizes the triple essence of <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>, manifesting as personal God, matter, and individual souls.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adi_Sankaracharya_with_disciples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Adi_Sankaracharya_with_disciples.jpg/220px-Adi_Sankaracharya_with_disciples.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Adi_Sankaracharya_with_disciples.jpg/330px-Adi_Sankaracharya_with_disciples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Adi_Sankaracharya_with_disciples.jpg/440px-Adi_Sankaracharya_with_disciples.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1531" data-file-height="2161" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shankaracharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Shankaracharya">Adi Sankaracharya</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a> school of Vedanta.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most Vedanta schools, along with Samkhya, support Parinamavada, the idea that the world is a real transformation of <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a>, follows Vivartavada, stating that the world is an unreal transformation of <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Relation_between_Atman_and_Brahman">Relation between Atman and Brahman</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Relation between Atman and Brahman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Relation between Atman and Brahman"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following is the relation between <a href="/wiki/Atman" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman">Atman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> in different schools of Vedanta:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a> sees <a href="/wiki/Atman" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman">Atman</a> as identical with <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>.</li> <li>Vishishtadvaita Vedanta holds that <a href="/wiki/Atman" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman">Atman</a> is different but eternally connected with <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>.</li> <li>Dvaita Vedanta asserts that <a href="/wiki/Atman" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman">Atman</a> is always distinct from <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>.</li> <li>Shuddhadvaita Vedanta believes <a href="/wiki/Atman" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman">Atman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> are identical.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">1.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/eastern-religions/hinduism/vedanta">"Vedanta | Encyclopedia.com"</a>. <i>www.encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Vedanta+%7C+Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fphilosophy-and-religion%2Feastern-religions%2Fhinduism%2Fvedanta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AVedanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">King, Richard (2002). <i>Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and "The Mystic East"</i>. Taylor & Francis e-Library.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCatherine2019" class="citation book cs1">Catherine, Cornille (2019). <i>Is all Hindu theology comparative theology?</i>. Harvard Theological Review. 112 (1). pp. 126–132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017816018000378">10.1017/S0017816018000378</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0017-8160">0017-8160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Is+all+Hindu+theology+comparative+theology%3F&rft.pages=126-132&rft.pub=Harvard+Theological+Review.+112+%281%29&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0017816018000378&rft.issn=0017-8160&rft.aulast=Catherine&rft.aufirst=Cornille&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AVedanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-2">4.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-3">4.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFArvind2008" class="citation book cs1">Arvind, Sharma (2008). <i>Philosophy of religion and Advaita Vedanta: a comparative study in religion and reason</i>. Pennsylvania State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-02832-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-02832-3"><bdi>978-0-271-02832-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+religion+and+Advaita+Vedanta%3A+a+comparative+study+in+religion+and+reason.&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-271-02832-3&rft.aulast=Arvind&rft.aufirst=Sharma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AVedanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, Raymond Brady (2018), Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism, Cambridge University Press</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Philosophy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philosophy_topics" title="Template:Philosophy topics"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philosophy_topics" title="Template talk:Philosophy topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Philosophy_topics&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Philosophy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:110%;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outline of philosophy (not yet started)">Branches</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">Epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphilosophy" title="Metaphilosophy">Metaphilosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">Philosophy of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mathematics" title="Philosophy of mathematics">Philosophy of mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_science" title="Philosophy of science">Philosophy of science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_philosophy" title="Social philosophy">Social philosophy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_philosophies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of philosophies (not yet started)">Schools of thought</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_philosophy" title="Ancient philosophy">Ancient philosophy</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese philosophy (not yet started)">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legalism (Chinese philosophy)">Legalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculturalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculturalism (not yet started)">Agriculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=School_of_Names&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="School of Names (not yet started)">Logicians</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohism (not yet started)">Mohism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=School_of_Naturalists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="School of Naturalists (not yet started)">Chinese naturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangism (not yet started)">Yangism</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Greco-</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Roman_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Roman philosophy (not yet started)">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Socratic_philosophy" title="Pre-Socratic philosophy">Presocratic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoreanism" title="Pythagoreanism">Pythagoreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophist">Sophists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomism" title="Atomism">Atomists</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionian_School_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionian School (philosophy) (not yet started)">Ionians</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eleatics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eleatics (not yet started)">Eleatics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophy" title="Hellenistic philosophy">Hellenistic philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicureanism" title="Epicureanism">Epicureanism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrrhonism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrrhonism (not yet started)">Pyrrhonism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academic_Skepticism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academic Skepticism (not yet started)">Academic Skepticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrenaics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrenaics (not yet started)">Cyrenaics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynicism_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynicism (philosophy) (not yet started)">Cynicism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eretrian_school&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eretrian school (not yet started)">Eretrian school</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megarian_school&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megarian school (not yet started)">Megarian school</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platonic_Academy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platonic Academy (not yet started)">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripatetic_school&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripatetic school (not yet started)">Peripatetic school</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Platonism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Platonism (not yet started)">Middle Platonism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=School_of_the_Sextii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="School of the Sextii (not yet started)">School of the Sextii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neopythagoreanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neopythagoreanism (not yet started)">Neopythagoreanism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Sophistic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Sophistic (not yet started)">Second Sophistic</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian philosophy (not yet started)">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Cārvāka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samkhya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samkhya (not yet started)">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyaya (not yet started)">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaisheshika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaisheshika (not yet started)">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali (not yet started)">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mīmāṃsā (not yet started)">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80j%C4%ABvika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ājīvika (not yet started)">Ājīvika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aj%C3%B1ana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajñana (not yet started)">Ajñana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jain_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jain philosophy (not yet started)">Jain</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anekantavada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anekantavada (not yet started)">Anekantavada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sy%C4%81dv%C4%81da&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syādvāda (not yet started)">Syādvāda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist philosophy (not yet started)">Buddhist</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śūnyatā (not yet started)">Śūnyatā</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhyamaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhyamaka (not yet started)">Madhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yogachara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yogachara (not yet started)">Yogacara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sautr%C4%81ntika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sautrāntika (not yet started)">Sautrāntika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svatantrika%E2%80%93Prasa%E1%B9%85gika_distinction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svatantrika–Prasaṅgika distinction (not yet started)">Svatantrika</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iranian philosophy (not yet started)">Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazdakism">Mazdakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mithraism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mithraism (not yet started)">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurvanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zurvanism (not yet started)">Zurvanism</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Medieval philosophy</a></b> <ul><li>East Asian <ul><li>Neo-<a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xuanxue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xuanxue (not yet started)">Neotaoism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chan Buddhism (not yet started)">Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Confucianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean Confucianism (not yet started)">Korean Confucianism</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian philosophy (not yet started)">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustinianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustinianism (not yet started)">Augustinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scotism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scotism (not yet started)">Scotism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occamism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occamism (not yet started)">Occamism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaissance_humanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renaissance humanism (not yet started)">Renaissance humanism</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>South Asian <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achintya_Bheda_Abheda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda (not yet started)">Acintya bheda abheda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhedabheda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhedabheda (not yet started)">Bhedabheda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvaita_Vedanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvaita Vedanta (not yet started)">Dvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nimbarka_Sampradaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya (not yet started)">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuddhadvaita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuddhadvaita (not yet started)">Shuddhadvaita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishishtadvaita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vishishtadvaita (not yet started)">Vishishtadvaita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navya-Ny%C4%81ya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navya-Nyāya (not yet started)">Navya-Nyāya</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Islamic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">ʿIlm al-Kalām</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristotelianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristotelianism (not yet started)">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Averroism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Averroism (not yet started)">Averroism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicennism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avicennism (not yet started)">Avicennism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illuminationism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Illuminationism (not yet started)">Illuminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sufi_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sufi philosophy (not yet started)">Sufi</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish philosophy (not yet started)">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judeo-Islamic_philosophies_(800%E2%80%931400)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400) (not yet started)">Judeo-Islamic</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modern philosophy (not yet started)">Modern philosophy</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">Determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_(philosophy_of_mind)" title="Dualism (philosophy of mind)">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">Holism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antihumanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antihumanism (not yet started)">Anti-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">Idealism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_idealism" title="German idealism">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_idealism" title="Transcendental idealism">Transcendental</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_idealism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absolute idealism (not yet started)">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_idealism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British idealism (not yet started)">British</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Objective_idealism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objective idealism (not yet started)">Objective</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subjective_idealism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjective idealism (not yet started)">Subjective</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">Materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)" title="Naturalism (philosophy)">Naturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">Nihilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">Pragmatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology" title="Phenomenology">Phenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">Positivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reductionism" title="Reductionism">Reductionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract" title="Social contract">Social contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">Utilitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classical_Realism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Classical Realism (not yet started)">Classical Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social organization (not yet started)">Collectivism</a> (related page: <a href="/wiki/Collectivism" title="Collectivism">Collectivism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edo_neo-Confucianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edo neo-Confucianism (not yet started)">Edo neo-Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundationalism (not yet started)">Foundationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism" title="Historicism">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokugaku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokugaku (not yet started)">Kokugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Confucianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Confucianism (not yet started)">New Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-scholasticism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-scholasticism (not yet started)">Neo-scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transcendentalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transcendentalism (not yet started)">Transcendentalism</a></li> <li>Named after <b>people</b>:</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cartesianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cartesianism (not yet started)">Cartesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kantianism (not yet started)">Kantianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Kantianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-Kantianism (not yet started)">Neo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard (not yet started)">Kierkegaardianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krausism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krausism (not yet started)">Krausism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hegelianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hegelianism (not yet started)">Hegelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxist_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marxist philosophy (not yet started)">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newtonianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newtonianism (not yet started)">Newtonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (not yet started)">Nietzscheanism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spinozism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spinozism (not yet started)">Spinozism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosophy" title="Analytic philosophy">Analytic philosophy</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consequentialism" title="Consequentialism">Consequentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">Falsificationism</a></li> <li>Logical <a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">positivism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_positivism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legal positivism (not yet started)">Legal positivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_language_philosophy" title="Ordinary language philosophy">Ordinary language philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawlsian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism#Developments_in_the_20th_century" title="Utilitarianism">Contemporary utilitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Circle" title="Vienna Circle">Vienna Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Wittgensteinian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Applied_ethics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Applied ethics (not yet started)">Applied ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analytical_feminism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analytical feminism (not yet started)">Analytic feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analytical_Marxism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analytical Marxism (not yet started)">Analytical Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communitarianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communitarianism (not yet started)">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Critical_rationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Critical rationalism (not yet started)">Critical rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Experimental_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Experimental philosophy (not yet started)">Experimental philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundationalism (not yet started)">Foundationalism</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coherentism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coherentism (not yet started)">Coherentism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internalism_and_externalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internalism and externalism (not yet started)">Internalism and externalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meta-ethics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meta-ethics (not yet started)">Meta-ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_realism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moral realism (not yet started)">Moral realism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalized_epistemology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturalized epistemology (not yet started)">Quinean naturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normative_ethics" title="Normative ethics">Normative ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postanalytic_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postanalytic philosophy (not yet started)">Postanalytic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quietism_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quietism (philosophy) (not yet started)">Quietism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_epistemology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reformed epistemology (not yet started)">Reformed epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systemics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systemics (not yet started)">Systemics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientism (not yet started)">Scientism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_realism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific realism (not yet started)">Scientific realism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_skepticism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific skepticism (not yet started)">Scientific skepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transactionalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transactionalism (not yet started)">Transactionalism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2512051#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671803">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span title="Vedanta" class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX533432">Spain</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671803"><span title="Vedānta" class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933773b">France</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671803"><span title="Vedānta" class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933773b">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534277605171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671803"><span title="Vedanta" class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85142463">United States</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000051627&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560572">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671803"><span title="védánta" class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116671&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&oldid=9533651">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&oldid=9533651</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Consciousness" title="Category:Consciousness">Consciousness</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vedas" title="Category:Vedas">Vedas</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNE_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with BNE identifiers">Articles with BNE identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNF_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with BNF identifiers">Articles with BNF identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNFdata_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with BNFdata identifiers">Articles with BNFdata identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_J9U_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with J9U identifiers">Articles with J9U identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with LCCN identifiers">Articles with LCCN identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LNB_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with LNB identifiers">Articles with LNB identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_NDL_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with NDL identifiers">Articles with NDL identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_NKC_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with NKC identifiers">Articles with NKC identifiers</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 9 May 2024, at 02:09.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> for details.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/simple.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vedanta&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-blxk6","wgBackendResponseTime":157,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.223","walltime":"0.306","ppvisitednodes":{"value":876,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":32261,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":764,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":18708,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 241.007 1 -total"," 53.30% 128.456 1 Template:Reflist"," 39.49% 95.174 1 Template:Cite_web"," 27.42% 66.090 1 Template:Authority_control"," 19.22% 46.315 1 Template:Philosophy_topics"," 17.99% 43.351 1 Template:Navbox"," 4.68% 11.284 2 Template:Cite_book"," 1.99% 4.787 5 Template:Yesno-no"," 1.49% 3.601 10 Template:Yesno"," 1.22% 2.946 5 Template:Yesno-yes"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.134","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3913910,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-8zk4b","timestamp":"20241123180032","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Vedanta","url":"https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vedanta","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2512051","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2512051","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2023-11-26T05:49:17Z","dateModified":"2024-05-09T02:09:32Z","headline":"one of six schools of Hindu philosophy"}</script> </body> </html>