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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Medical </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreational" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreational"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Recreational </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreational-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spiritual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spiritual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Spiritual </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spiritual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Consumption </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Consumption-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Consumption subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modes_of_consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modes_of_consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Modes of consumption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modes_of_consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumption_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumption_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Consumption by country </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumption_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adverse_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adverse_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Adverse effects </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Adverse effects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Short-term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short-term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Short-term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short-term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fatality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fatality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Fatality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fatality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long-term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long-term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Long-term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long-term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Psychological_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychological_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Psychological effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychological_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neuroimaging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neuroimaging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Neuroimaging </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neuroimaging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cannabis_dependence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cannabis_dependence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Cannabis dependence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cannabis_dependence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Psychiatric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychiatric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Psychiatric </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychiatric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.2 Physical </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Emergency_department_visits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergency_department_visits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.2.1 Emergency department visits </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergency_department_visits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproductive_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproductive_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.3 Reproductive health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproductive_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Pharmacology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Pharmacology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mechanism_of_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism_of_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Mechanism of action </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism_of_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pharmacokinetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pharmacokinetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Pharmacokinetics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacokinetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Chemistry </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Chemistry subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chemical_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Chemical composition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemical_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detection_in_body_fluids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detection_in_body_fluids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Detection in body fluids </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detection_in_body_fluids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties_and_strains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties_and_strains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Varieties and strains </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Varieties_and_strains-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Varieties and strains subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Varieties_and_strains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Psychoactive_ingredients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychoactive_ingredients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Psychoactive ingredients </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychoactive_ingredients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Laced_cannabis_and_synthetic_cannabinoids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laced_cannabis_and_synthetic_cannabinoids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Laced cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laced_cannabis_and_synthetic_cannabinoids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Preparations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Preparations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Preparations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marijuana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marijuana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Marijuana </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marijuana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kief" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Kief </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hashish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hashish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Hashish </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hashish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tincture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tincture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Tincture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tincture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hash_oil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hash_oil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Hash oil </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hash_oil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infusions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infusions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Infusions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infusions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marihuana_prensada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marihuana_prensada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Marihuana prensada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marihuana_prensada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Ancient history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Modern history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture,_legality_and_economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture,_legality_and_economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Culture, legality and economics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture,_legality_and_economics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture, legality and economics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture,_legality_and_economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Legality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal_status_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_status_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2.1 Legal status by country </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_status_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Economics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3.1 Production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Price" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Price"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3.2 Price </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Price-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cannabis_as_a_gateway_drug" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cannabis_as_a_gateway_drug"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Cannabis as a gateway drug </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cannabis_as_a_gateway_drug-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Cannabis (drug)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 96 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" > 96 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagga" title="Dagga – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dagga" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuana" title="Marihuana – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Marihuana" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%93%E1%89%A2%E1%88%B5_(%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%83%E1%8A%92%E1%89%B5)" title="ካናቢስ (መድሃኒት) – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካናቢስ (መድሃኒት)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="مرجوانا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مرجوانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marixuana" title="Marixuana – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Marixuana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95)" title="গাঁজা (মাদক) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গাঁজা (মাদক)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganja" title="Ganja – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ganja" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Марихуана – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Марихуана" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0nnabis_(droga)" title="Cànnabis (droga) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cànnabis (droga)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuana" title="Marihuana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Marihuana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canabis_(cyffur)" title="Canabis (cyffur) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Canabis (cyffur)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(rusmiddel)" title="Cannabis (rusmiddel) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cannabis (rusmiddel)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_als_Rauschmittel" title="Cannabis als Rauschmittel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cannabis als Rauschmittel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuaana" title="Marihuaana – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Marihuaana" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B7_(%CF%86%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF)" title="Κάνναβη (φάρμακο) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάνναβη (φάρμακο)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(psicotr%C3%B3pico)" title="Cannabis (psicotrópico) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cannabis (psicotrópico)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C4%A5uano" title="Mariĥuano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mariĥuano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuana" title="Marihuana – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Marihuana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ماری‌جوآنا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماری‌جوآنا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannabis" title="Kannabis – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kannabis" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(usage_r%C3%A9cr%C3%A9atif)" title="Cannabis (usage récréatif) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cannabis (usage récréatif)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabas_(druga)" title="Cannabas (druga) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cannabas (druga)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1nnabis_(droga)" title="Cánnabis (droga) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cánnabis (droga)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A7%88%EC%B4%88" title="대마초 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대마초" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Մարիխուանա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարիխուանա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="गाँजा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गाँजा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuana" title="Marihuana – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Marihuana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuano" title="Marihuano – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Marihuano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Agb%C3%B3" title="Ịgbó – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ịgbó" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganja" title="Ganja – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ganja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaaq" title="Qaaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Qaaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%C3%A6" title="Марихуанæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Марихуанæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuana" title="Marijuana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marijuana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A1_(%D7%A1%D7%9D)" title="קנאביס (סם) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קנאביס (סם)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganja" title="Ganja – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ganja" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE" title="ಗಾಂಜಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಾಂಜಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="მარიხუანა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარიხუანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Марихуана – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Марихуана" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihu%C4%81na" title="Marihuāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Marihuāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuana" title="Marihuana – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Marihuana" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamba" title="Diamba – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Diamba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/marna_snexu%27i" title="marna snexu'i – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="marna snexu'i" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuana" title="Marijuana – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Marijuana" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannabisz" title="Kannabisz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kannabisz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="गाँजा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="गाँजा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Марихуана – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Марихуана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="കഞ്ചാവ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കഞ്ചാവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="მარიხუანა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მარიხუანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganja" title="Ganja – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ganja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganjo" title="Ganjo – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ganjo" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဆေးခြောက် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆေးခြောက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cannabis (drug)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5)" title="गाँजा (लागुपदार्थ) – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गाँजा (लागुपदार्थ)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%BB" title="大麻 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大麻" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(rusmiddel)" title="Cannabis (rusmiddel) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cannabis (rusmiddel)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusmiddelet_cannabis" title="Rusmiddelet cannabis – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rusmiddelet cannabis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਗਾਂਜਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਾਂਜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="چرس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چرس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganja" title="Ganja – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ganja" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%B6" title="កញ្ឆា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កញ្ឆា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuana" title="Marijuana – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Marijuana" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuana" title="Marihuana – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marihuana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(psicotr%C3%B3pico)" title="Cannabis (psicotrópico) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cannabis (psicotrópico)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuana" title="Marijuana – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marijuana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Марихуана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Марихуана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maluana" title="Maluana – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Maluana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drog)" title="Cannabis (drog) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cannabis (drog)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanabisi_(drog%C3%AB)" title="Kanabisi (drogë) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kanabisi (drogë)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuana" title="Marijuana – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Marijuana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug) – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Cannabis (drug)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cannabis (drug)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="چرس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چرس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuana" title="Marihuana – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Marihuana" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanabis" title="Kanabis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kanabis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ماریوانا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماریوانا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuana" title="Marihuana – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Marihuana" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuana" title="Marihuana – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Marihuana" 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class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuana" title="Marijuana – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Marijuana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinder" title="Kinder – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Kinder" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2_(%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="กัญชา (ยา) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กัญชา (ยา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esrar" title="Esrar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Esrar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%81" title="Канабіс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Канабіс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="چرس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چرس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Marijuana" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Marijuana_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Marijuana (disambiguation)">Marijuana (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="float: right; width: 25em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Cannabis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Hampa_Cannabis_sativa_L._(n%C3%A4rbild).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hampa_Cannabis_sativa_L._%28n%C3%A4rbild%29.jpg/220px-Hampa_Cannabis_sativa_L._%28n%C3%A4rbild%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hampa_Cannabis_sativa_L._%28n%C3%A4rbild%29.jpg/330px-Hampa_Cannabis_sativa_L._%28n%C3%A4rbild%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hampa_Cannabis_sativa_L._%28n%C3%A4rbild%29.jpg/440px-Hampa_Cannabis_sativa_L._%28n%C3%A4rbild%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Close-up of flowering <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a> plant</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Cannabis: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkænəbɪs/</a> Marijuana: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌmærəˈwɑːnə/</a> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source plant(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_sativa" title="Cannabis sativa">Cannabis sativa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_indica" title="Cannabis indica">Cannabis indica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_ruderalis" title="Cannabis ruderalis">Cannabis ruderalis</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Part(s) of plant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">Flower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infructescence" title="Infructescence">fruit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographic origin</th><td class="infobox-data">Central or South Asia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Active_ingredients" class="mw-redirect" title="Active ingredients">Active ingredients</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">Tetrahydrocannabinol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">cannabidiol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabinol" title="Cannabinol">cannabinol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabivarin" title="Tetrahydrocannabivarin">tetrahydrocannabivarin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main producers</th><td class="infobox-data">Afghanistan, Canada, China, Colombia, India, Jamaica, Lebanon, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Paraguay, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_8" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S8</a> (Controlled drug)</li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="Brazil">BR</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Class_E" title="Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act">Class E</a> (Controlled plants)</li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr>: Unscheduled</li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="Germany">DE</abbr>: legal under the ruling of <a href="/wiki/Cannabisgesetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabisgesetz">Cannabisgesetz</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="New Zealand">NZ</abbr>: Class B (concentrate) Class C (plant)</li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Drugs_controlled_by_the_UK_Misuse_of_Drugs_Act#Class_B_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act">Class B</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction" title="Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction">Legal for medical or recreational use in most states; Schedule I at the federal level</a></li> <li><abbr class="country-name" title="United Nations">UN</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs#List_of_controlled_narcotic_drugs" title="Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs">Narcotic Schedule I</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">Cannabis</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding: 0.4em 0 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannabis_leaf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cannabis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/120px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/180px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/240px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="546" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Arts</li><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_culture" title="Cannabis culture">Culture</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/420_(cannabis_culture)" title="420 (cannabis culture)">420</a> (<a href="/wiki/420chan" title="420chan">chan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_cannabis" title="List of books about cannabis">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magu_(deity)" title="Magu (deity)">Magu (deity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_names_for_cannabis" title="List of names for cannabis">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_religion" title="Cannabis and religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_Judaism" title="Cannabis and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis and Latter-day Saints">Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_Sikhism" title="Cannabis and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke-in" title="Smoke-in">Smoke-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_use_of_cannabis" title="Entheogenic use of cannabis">Spiritual use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_sports" title="Cannabis and sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">Stoner rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cannabis_terms" title="Glossary of cannabis terms">Terms</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Chemistry</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_phytocannabinoids" title="Comparison of phytocannabinoids">Phytocannabinoids</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Main <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dronabinol" title="Dronabinol">Dronabinol</a> (INN)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">CBD</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Minor <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Δ-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol">delta-8-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Δ-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol">delta-10-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabihexol" title="Tetrahydrocannabihexol">THCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabiphorol" title="Tetrahydrocannabiphorol">THCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabihexol" title="Tetrahydrocannabihexol">CBDH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiphorol" title="Cannabidiphorol">CBDP</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Semi-synthetic cannabinoids</li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THC-O-acetate" title="THC-O-acetate">THC-O-acetate</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_cannabinoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic cannabinoid">Synthetic cannabinoids</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AM_cannabinoids" title="List of AM cannabinoids">AM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AM-2201" title="AM-2201">AM-2201</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_CP_cannabinoids" title="List of CP cannabinoids">CP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CP_55,940" title="CP 55,940">CP-55940</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabilone" title="Nabilone">Nabilone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylheptylpyran" title="Dimethylheptylpyran">Dimethylheptylpyran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HU_cannabinoids" title="List of HU cannabinoids">HU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HU-210" title="HU-210">HU-210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HU-331" title="HU-331">HU-331</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_JWH_cannabinoids" title="List of JWH cannabinoids">JWH</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JWH-018" title="JWH-018">JWH-018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-073" title="JWH-073">JWH-073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-133" title="JWH-133">JWH-133</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levonantradol" title="Levonantradol">Levonantradol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMB-CHMICA" title="MDMB-CHMICA">MDMB-CHMICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SR-144,528" title="SR-144,528">SR144528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_55,212-2" title="WIN 55,212-2">WIN 55,212-2</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Pharmacology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor" title="Cannabinoid receptor">Cannabinoid receptors</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabinoid receptor type 1">Cannabinoid receptor type 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabinoid receptor type 2">Cannabinoid receptor type 2</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_system" title="Endocannabinoid system">Endocannabinoids</a> (activate cannabinoid receptors)</li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonoylglycerol" title="2-Arachidonoylglycerol">2-AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine" title="N-Arachidonoyl dopamine">NADA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virodhamine" title="Virodhamine">Virodhamine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_consumption" title="Cannabis consumption">Consumption</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_consumption#Drink" title="Cannabis consumption">Drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_edible" title="Cannabis edible">Edibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_smoking" title="Cannabis smoking">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_tea" title="Cannabis tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_CBD_to_THC" title="Conversion of CBD to THC">Conversion of CBD to THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporizer_(inhalation_device)" title="Vaporizer (inhalation device)">Vaping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_lifetime_cannabis_use_by_country" title="Adult lifetime cannabis use by country">Adult lifetime cannabis use by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_cannabis_use_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Annual cannabis use by country">Annual cannabis use by country</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Economics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffeeshop_(Netherlands)" title="Coffeeshop (Netherlands)">Coffeeshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_cultivation" title="Cannabis cultivation">Cultivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_shop" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis shop">Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Social_Club" title="Cannabis Social Club">Social Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grow_house" title="Grow house">Grow house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grow_shop" title="Grow shop">Grow shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_shop" title="Head shop">Head shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_vending_machine" title="Marijuana vending machine">Marijuana vending machine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis" title="Effects of cannabis">Effects</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_dependence" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis dependence">Dependence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_impaired_driving" title="Cannabis and impaired driving">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_drug_testing" title="Cannabis drug testing">Drug testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_legalized_cannabis" title="Effects of legalized cannabis">Effects of legalized cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_drug_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateway drug theory">Gateway drug theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis" title="Long-term effects of cannabis">Long term effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis and memory">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_pregnancy" title="Cannabis in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_time_perception" title="Cannabis and time perception">Time perception</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhang" title="Bhang">Bhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blunt_(cannabis_cigar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blunt (cannabis cigar)">Blunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charas" title="Charas">Charas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_flower_essential_oil" title="Cannabis flower essential oil">Flower essential oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">Hashish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hash_oil" title="Hash oil">Oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_beer" title="Hemp beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_milk" title="Hemp milk">Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_oil" title="Hemp oil">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_protein" title="Hemp protein">Protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hempcrete" title="Hempcrete">Hempcrete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_(cannabis)" title="Joint (cannabis)">Joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kief" title="Kief">Kief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roach_(smoking)" title="Roach (smoking)">Roach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_cannabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic cannabis">Synthetic cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_of_cannabis" title="Tincture of cannabis">Tincture</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Law</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_rights" title="Cannabis rights">Cannabis rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis" title="Legality of cannabis">Legality of cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_law" title="Timeline of cannabis law">Timeline of cannabis law</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_international_law" title="Cannabis and international law">Cannabis and international law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961" title="Removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961">UN 2020 descheduling</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis in the United States">Cannabis in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction" title="Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legal history of cannabis in the United States">Legal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Medical cannabis in the United States">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Decriminalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">Non-medical</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Canada" title="Cannabis in Canada">Cannabis in Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Act" title="Cannabis Act">Cannabis Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_laws_of_Canada_by_province_or_territory" title="Cannabis laws of Canada by province or territory">Cannabis laws of Canada by province or territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_cannabis_in_Canada" title="Legal history of cannabis in Canada">Legal history of cannabis in Canada</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Elsewhere <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_by_country" title="Cannabis by country">Cannabis by country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Malta" title="Cannabis in Malta">Cannabis in Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Spain" title="Cannabis in Spain">Cannabis in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_South_Africa" title="Cannabis in South Africa">Cannabis in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Thailand" title="Cannabis in Thailand">Cannabis in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cannabis in the Netherlands">Cannabis in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Portugal" title="Drug policy of Portugal">Drug policy of Portugal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Structural_scheduling_of_synthetic_cannabinoids" title="Structural scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids">Structural scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autoflowering_cannabis" title="Autoflowering cannabis">Autoflowering cannabis</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Genus</li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">Cannabis</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>Species</li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_sativa" title="Cannabis sativa">Cannabis sativa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_indica" title="Cannabis indica">Cannabis indica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_ruderalis" title="Cannabis ruderalis">Cannabis ruderalis</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_strains" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis strains">Strains</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acapulco_Gold_(cannabis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acapulco Gold (cannabis)">Acapulco Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte%27s_web_(cannabis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte's web (cannabis)">Charlotte's web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kush_(Cannabis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kush (Cannabis)">Kush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawi Gold">Malawi Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sour_Diesel" title="Sour Diesel">Sour Diesel</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_culture" title="Drug culture">Drug culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Drug liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">Illegal drug trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelia" title="Psychedelia">Psychedelia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cannabis_leaf_2.svg/15px-Cannabis_leaf_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cannabis_leaf_2.svg/23px-Cannabis_leaf_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cannabis_leaf_2.svg/30px-Cannabis_leaf_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="790" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cannabis" title="Portal:Cannabis">Cannabis portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Esculaap4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/15px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/23px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/30px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Veranotrigo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Veranotrigo.jpg/15px-Veranotrigo.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Veranotrigo.jpg/23px-Veranotrigo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Veranotrigo.jpg/30px-Veranotrigo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Agriculture" title="Portal:Agriculture">Agriculture portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cannabis_sidebar" title="Template:Cannabis sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cannabis_sidebar" title="Template talk:Cannabis sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabis_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabis sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Cannabis (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkænəbɪs/</a>),<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> commonly known as marijuana (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌmærəˈwɑːnə/</a>),<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> weed, and pot, <a href="/wiki/List_of_slang_names_for_cannabis" title="List of slang names for cannabis">among other names</a>, is a non-chemically uniform <a href="/wiki/Psychoactive_drug" title="Psychoactive drug">drug</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a> plant. Native to Central or South Asia, the cannabis plant has been used as a drug for both recreational and <a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_use_of_cannabis" title="Entheogenic use of cannabis">entheogenic</a> purposes and in various <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicines</a> for centuries. <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">Tetrahydrocannabinol</a> (THC) is the main psychoactive component of cannabis, which is one of the 483 known compounds in the plant, including at least 65 other <a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid" title="Cannabinoid">cannabinoids</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">cannabidiol</a> (CBD). Cannabis can be used <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_smoking" title="Cannabis smoking">by smoking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaporizer_(inhalation_device)" title="Vaporizer (inhalation device)">vaporizing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_edible" title="Cannabis edible">within food</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Tincture_of_cannabis" title="Tincture of cannabis">as an extract</a>. Cannabis has <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis" title="Effects of cannabis">various mental and physical effects</a>, which include <a href="/wiki/Euphoria" title="Euphoria">euphoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Altered_states_of_mind" class="mw-redirect" title="Altered states of mind">altered states of mind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_time_perception" title="Cannabis and time perception">sense of time</a>, difficulty concentrating, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis and memory">impaired short-term memory</a>, impaired <a href="/wiki/Motor_skill" title="Motor skill">body movement</a> (balance and fine psychomotor control), relaxation, and an increase in <a href="/wiki/Appetite" title="Appetite">appetite</a>. Onset of effects is felt within minutes when smoked, but may take up to 90 minutes when eaten (as orally consumed drugs must be digested and absorbed). The effects last for two to six hours, depending on the amount used. At high doses, mental effects can include <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>, delusions (including <a href="/wiki/Ideas_of_reference" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideas of reference">ideas of reference</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panic_attack" title="Panic attack">panic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paranoia" title="Paranoia">paranoia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_psychosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis and psychosis">psychosis</a>. There is a strong relation between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis, though the direction of <a href="/wiki/Causality" title="Causality">causality</a> is debated. Physical effects include increased heart rate, difficulty breathing, nausea, and behavioral problems in children whose mothers used cannabis during pregnancy; short-term side effects may also include <a href="/wiki/Xerostomia" title="Xerostomia">dry mouth</a> and red eyes. <a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis" title="Long-term effects of cannabis">Long-term adverse effects</a> may include addiction, decreased <a href="/wiki/Neurocognition" title="Neurocognition">mental ability</a> in those who started regular use as adolescents,<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> chronic coughing, susceptibility to <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_tract_infection" title="Respiratory tract infection">respiratory infections</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_hyperemesis_syndrome" title="Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome">cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome</a>. Cannabis is mostly used recreationally or as a medicinal drug, although it may also be used for spiritual purposes. In 2013, between 128 and 232 million people used cannabis (2.7% to 4.9% of the global population between the ages of 15 and 65). It is the most commonly used largely-illegal drug in the world, with the highest use among adults in <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Zambia" title="Cannabis in Zambia">Zambia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis in the United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Canada" title="Cannabis in Canada">Canada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Nigeria" title="Cannabis in Nigeria">Nigeria</a>. Since the 1970s, the potency of illicit cannabis has increased, with THC levels rising and CBD levels dropping. Cannabis plants have been grown since at least the 3rd millennium BCE and there is evidence of it being smoked for its psychoactive effects around 500 BCE in the <a href="/wiki/Pamir_Mountains" title="Pamir Mountains">Pamir Mountains</a>, Central Asia. Since the 14th century, cannabis has been subject to legal restrictions. The possession, use, and cultivation of cannabis has been <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis" title="Legality of cannabis">illegal in most countries</a> since the 20th century. In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Uruguay" title="Cannabis in Uruguay">Uruguay</a> became the first country to <a href="/wiki/Drug_legalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug legalization">legalize</a> recreational use of cannabis. Other countries to do so are Canada, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Cannabis in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Germany" title="Cannabis in Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Luxembourg" title="Cannabis in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Malta" title="Cannabis in Malta">Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_South_Africa" title="Cannabis in South Africa">South Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Thailand" title="Cannabis in Thailand">Thailand</a>. In the U.S., the recreational use of cannabis is legalized in <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction" title="Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction">24 states</a>, 3 territories, and the <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Cannabis in Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a>, though the drug remains <a href="/wiki/List_of_Schedule_I_drugs_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Schedule I drugs (US)">federally illegal</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Australia" title="Cannabis in Australia">Australia</a>, it is legalized only in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_cannabis" title="Etymology of cannabis">Etymology of cannabis</a></div> Cannabis is a <a href="/wiki/Scythian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian">Scythian</a> word.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-r980-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">ancient Greeks</a> learned of the use of cannabis by observing Scythian funerals, during which cannabis was consumed.<a href="#cite_note-r980-7">[6]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a>, cannabis was known as qunubu (𐎯𐎫𐎠𐎭𐏂).<a href="#cite_note-r980-7">[6]</a> The word was adopted in to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> as qaneh bosem (קָנֶה בֹּשׂם).<a href="#cite_note-r980-7">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical">Medical</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">Medical cannabis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannabis_Indica_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Cannabis_Indica_01.jpg/260px-Cannabis_Indica_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Cannabis_Indica_01.jpg/390px-Cannabis_Indica_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Cannabis_Indica_01.jpg/520px-Cannabis_Indica_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4468" data-file-height="2979" /></a><figcaption>Example of a container and the recreational cannabis purchase in Canada</figcaption></figure> Medical cannabis, or medical marijuana, refers to the use of cannabis to treat disease or improve symptoms; however, there is no single agreed-upon definition (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cannabinoids" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabinoids">cannabinoids</a> derived from cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids are also used).<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Backes2014-11">[10]</a> The rigorous scientific study of cannabis as a medicine has been hampered by production restrictions and by the fact that it is classified as an illegal drug by many governments.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> There is some evidence suggesting cannabis can be used to <a href="/wiki/Antiemetic" title="Antiemetic">reduce nausea and vomiting</a> during <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>, to improve appetite in people with <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, or to treat <a href="/wiki/Chronic_pain" title="Chronic pain">chronic pain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muscle_spasms" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscle spasms">muscle spasms</a>. Evidence for its use for other medical applications is insufficient for drawing conclusions about safety or efficacy.<a href="#cite_note-Borgelt2013-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-JAMA2015-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> There is evidence supporting the use of cannabis or its derivatives in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, neuropathic pain, and multiple sclerosis. Lower levels of evidence support its use for AIDS <a href="/wiki/Cachexia" title="Cachexia">wasting syndrome</a>, epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis, and glaucoma.<a href="#cite_note-NEJM2014-16">[15]</a> The medical use of cannabis is legal only in a limited number of territories, including Canada,<a href="#cite_note-canada2018-17">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, Australia, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, New Zealand,<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Spain, and <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Medical cannabis in the United States">many U.S. states</a>. This usage generally requires a prescription, and distribution is usually done within a framework defined by local laws.<a href="#cite_note-NEJM2014-16">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreational">Recreational</h3></div> According to DEA Chief Administrative Law Judge, Francis Young, "cannabis is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man".<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Being under the effects of cannabis is usually referred to as being "high".<a href="#cite_note-Small2016-21">[20]</a> Cannabis consumption has both psychoactive and physiological effects.<a href="#cite_note-OnaiviSugiura2005-22">[21]</a> The "high" experience can vary widely, based (among other things) on the user's prior experience with cannabis, and the type of cannabis consumed.<a href="#cite_note-curran2014-23">[22]</a>: p647  When smoking cannabis, a <a href="/wiki/Euphoria" title="Euphoria">euphoriant</a> effect can occur within minutes of smoking.<a href="#cite_note-ashton2001-24">[23]</a>: p104  Aside from a subjective change in perception and mood, the most common short-term physical and neurological effects include increased heart rate, increased appetite, impairment of short-term and working memory, and impairment of <a href="/wiki/Psychomotor_coordination" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychomotor coordination">psychomotor coordination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mathre1997-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-memoryhindered-26">[25]</a> Additional desired effects from consuming cannabis include relaxation, a general <a href="/wiki/Altered_state_of_consciousness" title="Altered state of consciousness">alteration of conscious perception</a>, increased awareness of sensation, increased <a href="/wiki/Libido" title="Libido">libido</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid18365950-27">[26]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_time_perception" title="Cannabis and time perception">distortions in the perception of time</a> and space. At higher doses, effects can include altered <a href="/wiki/Body_image" title="Body image">body image</a>, auditory or visual <a href="/wiki/Illusion" title="Illusion">illusions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudohallucination" title="Pseudohallucination">pseudohallucinations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ataxia" title="Ataxia">ataxia</a> from selective impairment of <a href="/wiki/Reflex_arc" title="Reflex arc">polysynaptic</a> <a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">reflexes</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In some cases, cannabis can lead to <a href="/wiki/Dissociation_(psychology)" title="Dissociation (psychology)">dissociative</a> states such as <a href="/wiki/Depersonalization" title="Depersonalization">depersonalization</a><a href="#cite_note-medscape1-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid15889607-29">[28]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derealization" title="Derealization">derealization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson1990-30">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spiritual">Spiritual</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_use_of_cannabis" title="Entheogenic use of cannabis">Entheogenic use of cannabis</a></div> Cannabis has held sacred status in several religions and has served as an <a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">entheogen</a> – a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">chemical substance</a> used in religious, <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanic</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">spiritual</a> contexts<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> – in the Indian subcontinent since the <a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a>. The earliest known reports regarding the sacred status of cannabis in the Indian subcontinent come from the <a href="/wiki/Atharva_Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Atharva Veda">Atharva Veda</a>, estimated to have been composed sometime around 1400 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-courtwright2001-32">[31]</a> The Hindu god <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> is described as a cannabis user, known as the "Lord of <a href="/wiki/Bhang" title="Bhang">bhang</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Iversen2000s-33">[32]</a>: p19  In modern culture, the spiritual use of cannabis has been spread by the disciples of the <a href="/wiki/Rastafari_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastafari movement">Rastafari movement</a> who use cannabis as a <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacrament</a> and as an aid to meditation.<a href="#cite_note-courtwright2001-32">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consumption">Consumption</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_consumption" title="Cannabis consumption">Cannabis consumption</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modes_of_consumption">Modes of consumption</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unrolled_joint.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Unrolled_joint.jpg/260px-Unrolled_joint.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Unrolled_joint.jpg/390px-Unrolled_joint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Unrolled_joint.jpg/520px-Unrolled_joint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1089" /></a><figcaption>A joint prior to rolling, with a paper handmade filter on the left</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Cannabis" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Cannabis"> Cannabis</a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> Many different ways to consume cannabis involve heat to <a href="/wiki/Decarboxylation" title="Decarboxylation">decarboxylate</a> <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid" title="Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid">THCA</a> into THC;<a href="#cite_note-Golub2012a-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> common modes include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_smoking" title="Cannabis smoking">Smoking</a>, involves burning and inhaling cannabinoids ("smoke") from <a href="/wiki/One_hitter_(smoking)" class="mw-redirect" title="One hitter (smoking)">small pipes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bong" title="Bong">bongs</a> (portable versions of <a href="/wiki/Hookah" title="Hookah">hookahs</a> with a water chamber), paper-wrapped <a href="/wiki/Joint_(cannabis)" title="Joint (cannabis)">joints</a>, tobacco-leaf-wrapped <a href="/wiki/Blunt_(cannabis)" title="Blunt (cannabis)">blunts</a>, or the like.<a href="#cite_note-TasmanKay2011-36">[35]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporizer_(inhalation_device)" title="Vaporizer (inhalation device)">Vaporizing</a>, heating various forms of cannabis to 165–190 °C (329–374 °F),<a href="#cite_note-Rosenthal2002b-37">[36]</a> causing the active ingredients to form <a href="/wiki/Vapor" title="Vapor">vapor</a> without combustion of the plant material (the boiling point of <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</a> is 157 °C (315 °F) at atmospheric pressure).<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis foods">Edibles</a>, adding cannabis as an ingredient to a wide variety of foods, including butter and baked goods. In India it is commonly consumed as the beverage <a href="/wiki/Bhang" title="Bhang">bhang</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_tea" title="Cannabis tea">Cannabis tea</a>, prepared with attention to the <a href="/wiki/Lipophilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipophilic">lipophilic</a> quality of THC, which is only slightly water-soluble (2.8 mg per liter),<a href="#cite_note-Physical_Properties_–_Dronabinol-39">[38]</a> often involving cannabis in a <a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">saturated fat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ph.D.Rosenthal2008yt-40">[39]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_of_cannabis" title="Tincture of cannabis">Tincture of cannabis</a>, sometimes known as green dragon, is an <a href="/wiki/Tincture" title="Tincture">alcoholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_concentrate" title="Cannabis concentrate">cannabis concentrate</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsule_(pharmacy)" title="Capsule (pharmacy)">Capsules</a>, typically containing <a href="/wiki/Hash_oil" title="Hash oil">cannabis oil</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplement</a> products, for which some 220 were approved in Canada in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-canada2018-17">[16]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consumption_by_country">Consumption by country</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Annual_cannabis_use_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Annual cannabis use by country">Annual cannabis use by country</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Global estimates of drug users in 2016 (in millions of users)<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Substance</th> <th>Best estimate</th> <th>Low estimate</th> <th>High estimate </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine-type_stimulants#Schedules_of_Controlled_Substances" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphetamine-type stimulants">Amphetamine- type stimulants</a></td> <td>34.16</td> <td>13.42</td> <td>55.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cannabis</a></td> <td>192.15</td> <td>165.76</td> <td>234.06 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">Cocaine</a></td> <td>18.20</td> <td>13.87</td> <td>22.85 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">Ecstasy</a></td> <td>20.57</td> <td>8.99</td> <td>32.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Opiate" title="Opiate">Opiates</a></td> <td>19.38</td> <td>13.80</td> <td>26.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">Opioids</a></td> <td>34.26</td> <td>27.01</td> <td>44.54 </td></tr> </tbody></table> In 2013, between 128 and 232 million people used cannabis (2.7% to 4.9% of the global population between the ages of 15 and 65).<a href="#cite_note-WDR2015-42">[41]</a> Cannabis is by far the most widely used illicit substance,<a href="#cite_note-CaulkinsHawken2012-43">[42]</a> with the highest use among adults (as of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_(drug)&action=edit">[update]</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Zambia" title="Cannabis in Zambia">Zambia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis in the United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Canada" title="Cannabis in Canada">Canada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Nigeria" title="Cannabis in Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4></div> Between 1973 and 1978, eleven states decriminalized marijuana.<a href="#cite_note-tandfonline.com-45">[44]</a> In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Nevada" title="Cannabis in Nevada">Nevada</a> reduced marijuana possession to a misdemeanor and since 2012, several other states have decriminalized and even legalized marijuana.<a href="#cite_note-tandfonline.com-45">[44]</a> In 2018, surveys indicated that almost half of the people in the United States had tried marijuana, 16% had used it in the past year, and 11% had used it in the past month.<a href="#cite_note-6_facts_about_marijuana-46">[45]</a> In 2014, surveys said daily marijuana use amongst US college students had reached its highest level since records began in 1980, rising from 3.5% in 2007 to 5.9% in 2014 and had surpassed daily cigarette use.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> In the US, men are over twice as likely to use marijuana as women, and 18–29-year-olds are six times more likely to use as over-65-year-olds.<a href="#cite_note-gallup.com-48">[47]</a> In 2015, a record 44% of the US population has tried marijuana in their lifetime, an increase from 38% in 2013 and 33% in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-gallup.com-48">[47]</a> Marijuana use in the United States is three times above the global average, but in line with other Western democracies. Forty-four percent of American 12th graders have tried the drug at least once, and the typical age of first-use is 16, similar to the typical age of first-use for alcohol but lower than the first-use age for other illicit drugs.<a href="#cite_note-CaulkinsHawken2012-43">[42]</a> A 2022 <a href="/wiki/Gallup,_Inc." title="Gallup, Inc.">Gallup</a> poll concluded Americans are smoking more marijuana than cigarettes for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-:4-49">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis" title="Effects of cannabis">Effects of cannabis</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short-term">Short-term</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bodily_effects_of_cannabis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Bodily_effects_of_cannabis.svg/240px-Bodily_effects_of_cannabis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Bodily_effects_of_cannabis.svg/360px-Bodily_effects_of_cannabis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Bodily_effects_of_cannabis.svg/480px-Bodily_effects_of_cannabis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption>Main short-term physical effects of cannabis</figcaption></figure> Acute negative effects may include anxiety and panic, impaired attention and memory, an increased risk of psychotic symptoms,<a href="#cite_note-52">[b]</a> the inability to think clearly, and an increased risk of accidents.<a href="#cite_note-W._Hall,_N._Solowij_1611–16-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-D'Souza-55">[53]</a> Cannabis impairs a person's driving ability, and <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</a> was the illicit drug most frequently found in the blood of drivers who have been involved in vehicle crashes. Those with THC in their system are from three to seven times more likely to be the cause of the accident than those who had not used either cannabis or alcohol, although its role is not necessarily causal because THC stays in the bloodstream for days to weeks after intoxication.<a href="#cite_note-NIH-2-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[c]</a> Some immediate undesired side effects include a decrease in short-term memory, dry mouth, impaired motor skills, reddening of the eyes,<a href="#cite_note-HallPacula2003ew-61">[58]</a> dizziness, feeling tired and vomiting.<a href="#cite_note-JAMA2015-14">[13]</a> Some users may experience an episode of acute <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a>, which usually abates after six hours, but in rare instances, heavy users may find the symptoms continuing for many days.<a href="#cite_note-Barceloux2012-62">[59]</a> Legalization has increased the rates at which children are exposed to cannabis, particularly from edibles. While the toxicity and lethality of THC in children is not known, they are at risk for encephalopathy, hypotension, respiratory depression severe enough to require ventilation, somnolence and coma.<a href="#cite_note-:13-63">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fatality">Fatality</h3></div> There is no clear evidence for a link between cannabis use and deaths from cardiovascular disease, but a 2019 review noted that it may be an under-reported, contributory factor or direct cause in cases of sudden <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">death</a>, due to the strain it can place on the <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular system">cardiovascular system</a>. Some deaths have also been attributed to <a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_hyperemesis_syndrome" title="Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome">cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-drummer-65">[62]</a> There is an association between cannabis use and suicide, particularly in younger users.<a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> A 16-month survey of Oregon and Alaska emergency departments found a report of the death of an adult who had been admitted for acute cannabis toxicity.<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long-term">Long-term</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis" title="Long-term effects of cannabis">Long-term effects of cannabis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rational_harm_assessment_of_drugs_radar_plot.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rational_harm_assessment_of_drugs_radar_plot.svg/220px-Rational_harm_assessment_of_drugs_radar_plot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rational_harm_assessment_of_drugs_radar_plot.svg/330px-Rational_harm_assessment_of_drugs_radar_plot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rational_harm_assessment_of_drugs_radar_plot.svg/440px-Rational_harm_assessment_of_drugs_radar_plot.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Addiction experts in psychiatry, chemistry, pharmacology, forensic science, epidemiology, and the police and legal services engaged in <a href="/wiki/Delphi_method" title="Delphi method">delphic analysis</a> regarding 20 popular recreational drugs. Cannabis was ranked 11th in dependence, 17th in physical harm, and 10th in social harm.<a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Psychological_effects">Psychological effects</h4></div> A 2015 meta-analysis found that, although a longer period of abstinence was associated with smaller magnitudes of impairment, both retrospective and <a href="/wiki/Prospective_memory" title="Prospective memory">prospective</a> memory were impaired in cannabis users. The authors concluded that some, but not all, of the deficits associated with cannabis use were reversible.<a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a> A 2012 meta-analysis found that deficits in most domains of cognition persisted beyond the acute period of intoxication, but was not evident in studies where subjects were abstinent for more than 25 days.<a href="#cite_note-Schreiner_2012-70">[67]</a> Few high quality studies have been performed on the long-term effects of cannabis on cognition, and the results were generally inconsistent.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> Furthermore, <a href="/wiki/Effect_size" title="Effect size">effect sizes</a> of significant findings were generally small.<a href="#cite_note-Schreiner_2012-70">[67]</a> One review concluded that, although most cognitive faculties were unimpaired by cannabis use, residual deficits occurred in <a href="/wiki/Executive_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive function">executive functions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> Impairments in executive functioning are most consistently found in older populations, which may reflect heavier cannabis exposure, or developmental effects associated with adolescent cannabis use.<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> One review found three prospective cohort studies that examined the relationship between self-reported cannabis use and <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_quotient" title="Intelligence quotient">intelligence quotient</a> (IQ). The study following the largest number of heavy cannabis users reported that IQ declined between ages 7–13 and age 38. Poorer school performance and increased incidence of leaving school early were both associated with cannabis use, although a causal relationship was not established.<a href="#cite_note-Curran2016-74">[71]</a> Cannabis users demonstrated increased activity in task-related brain regions, consistent with reduced processing efficiency.<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> A reduced <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a> is associated with heavy cannabis use, although the relationship is inconsistent and weaker than for tobacco and other substances.<a href="#cite_note-Gold2017-76">[73]</a> The direction of <a href="/wiki/Cause_and_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Cause and effect">cause and effect</a>, however, is unclear.<a href="#cite_note-Gold2017-76">[73]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis" title="Long-term effects of cannabis">long-term effects of cannabis</a> are not clear.<a href="#cite_note-JAMA2015-14">[13]</a> There are concerns surrounding <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis and memory">memory and cognition problems</a>, risk of addiction, and the risk of <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a> in young people.<a href="#cite_note-Borgelt2013-13">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</h4></div> Although global abnormalities in <a href="/wiki/White_matter" title="White matter">white matter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grey_matter" title="Grey matter">grey matter</a> are not consistently associated with cannabis use,<a href="#cite_note-Hamp2019-77">[74]</a> reduced <a href="/wiki/Hippocampus" title="Hippocampus">hippocampal</a> volume is consistently found.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amygdala" title="Amygdala">Amygdala</a> abnormalities are sometimes reported, although findings are inconsistent.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Batalla2013-80">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weinstein2016-81">[78]</a> Cannabis use is associated with increased recruitment of task-related areas, such as the <a href="/wiki/Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex" title="Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex">dorsolateral prefrontal cortex</a>, which is thought to reflect compensatory activity due to reduced processing efficiency.<a href="#cite_note-Weinstein2016-81">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-Batalla2013-80">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> Cannabis use is also associated with downregulation of <a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabinoid receptor type 1">CB1</a> receptors. The magnitude of down regulation is associated with cumulative cannabis exposure, and is reversed after one month of abstinence.<a href="#cite_note-Curran2016-74">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> There is limited evidence that chronic cannabis use can reduce levels of <a href="/wiki/Glutamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Glutamate">glutamate</a> metabolites in the human brain.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cannabis_dependence">Cannabis dependence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_dependence" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis dependence">Cannabis dependence</a></div> About 9% of those who experiment with marijuana eventually become dependent according to <a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders" title="Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders">DSM-IV (1994)</a> criteria.<a href="#cite_note-NEJM2014-16">[15]</a> A 2013 review estimates daily use is associated with a 10–20% rate of dependence.<a href="#cite_note-Borgelt2013-13">[12]</a> The highest risk of cannabis dependence is found in those with a history of poor academic achievement, <a href="/wiki/Deviance_(sociology)" title="Deviance (sociology)">deviant behavior</a> in childhood and adolescence, rebelliousness, poor parental relationships, or a parental history of drug and alcohol problems.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> Of daily users, about 50% experience withdrawal upon cessation of use (i.e. are dependent), characterized by sleep problems, irritability, dysphoria, and craving.<a href="#cite_note-Curran2016-74">[71]</a> Cannabis withdrawal is less severe than withdrawal from alcohol.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/DSM-V" class="mw-redirect" title="DSM-V">DSM-V</a> criteria, 9% of those who are exposed to cannabis develop cannabis use disorder, compared to 20% for <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>, 23% for <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> and 68% for <a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">nicotine</a>. Cannabis use disorder in the DSM-V involves a combination of DSM-IV criteria for cannabis abuse and dependence, plus the addition of craving, without the criterion related to legal troubles.<a href="#cite_note-Curran2016-74">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Psychiatric">Psychiatric</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis#Mental_health" title="Long-term effects of cannabis">Long-term effects of cannabis § Mental health</a></div> From a clinical perspective, two significant school of thought exists for psychiatric conditions associated with cannabis (or cannabinoids) use: transient, non-persistent psychotic reactions, and longer-lasting, persistent disorders that resemble schizophrenia. The former is formally known as acute cannabis-associated psychotic symptoms (CAPS).<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> At an epidemiological level, a <a href="/wiki/Dose%E2%80%93response_relationship" title="Dose–response relationship">dose–response relationship</a> exists between cannabis use and increased risk of <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a> and earlier onset of psychosis.<a href="#cite_note-Leweke2016rev-89">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marconi2016-90">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moore_2007-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> Although the epidemiological association is robust, evidence to prove a causal relationship is lacking.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> Cannabis may also increase the risk of depression, but insufficient research has been performed to draw a conclusion.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moore_2007-91">[88]</a> Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of anxiety disorders, although causality has not been established.<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> A review in 2019 found that research was insufficient to determine the safety and efficacy of using cannabis to treat schizophrenia, psychosis, or other <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disorders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-black-97">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-mayo-98">[95]</a> Another found that cannabis during adolescence was associated with an increased risk of developing depression and suicidal behavior later in life, while finding no effect on anxiety.<a href="#cite_note-Gobbi-99">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Physical">Physical</h4></div> Heavy, long-term exposure to marijuana may have physical, mental, behavioral and social health consequences. It may be "associated with diseases of the liver (particularly with co-existing <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C" title="Hepatitis C">hepatitis C</a>), lungs, heart, and vasculature".<a href="#cite_note-Gordon2013-100">[97]</a> A 2014 review found that while cannabis use may be less harmful than alcohol use, the recommendation to substitute it for <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">problematic drinking</a> was premature without further study.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> Various surveys conducted between 2015 and 2019 found that many users of cannabis substitute it for <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">prescription drugs</a> (including opioids), alcohol, and tobacco; most of those who used it in place of alcohol or tobacco either reduced or stopped their intake of the latter substances.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_hyperemesis_syndrome" title="Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome">Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome</a> (CHS) is a severe condition seen in some chronic cannabis users where they have repeated bouts of uncontrollable vomiting for 24–48 hours. Four cases of death have been reported as a result of CHS.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> A limited number of studies have examined the <a href="/wiki/Cannabis-associated_respiratory_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis-associated respiratory disease">effects of cannabis smoking</a> on the respiratory system.<a href="#cite_note-MaistoGalizio2014-105">[102]</a> Chronic heavy marijuana smoking is associated with <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_infections" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory infections">respiratory infections</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Abuse_2019-106">[103]</a> coughing, production of sputum, wheezing, and other symptoms of chronic bronchitis.<a href="#cite_note-W._Hall,_N._Solowij_1611–16-53">[51]</a> The available evidence does not support a causal relationship between cannabis use and <a href="/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> Short-term use of cannabis is associated with <a href="/wiki/Bronchodilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronchodilation">bronchodilation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> Other side effects of cannabis use include <a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_hyperemesis_syndrome" title="Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome">cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome</a> (CHS), a condition which involves recurrent nausea, cramping abdominal pain, and vomiting.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> Cannabis smoke contains thousands of organic and inorganic chemical compounds. This <a href="/wiki/Tar_(tobacco_residue)" title="Tar (tobacco residue)">tar</a> is chemically similar to that found in tobacco smoke,<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a> and over fifty known <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">carcinogens</a> have been identified in cannabis smoke,<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> including; nitrosamines, reactive aldehydes, and <a href="/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon" title="Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</a>, including benz[a]pyrene.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> Cannabis smoke is also inhaled more deeply than tobacco smoke.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_(drug)&action=edit">[update]</a>, there is no consensus regarding whether cannabis smoking is associated with an increased risk of cancer.<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> Light and moderate use of cannabis is not believed to increase risk of lung or upper airway cancer. Evidence for causing these cancers is mixed concerning heavy, long-term use. In general there are far lower risks of pulmonary complications for regular cannabis smokers when compared with those of tobacco.<a href="#cite_note-Tashkin2013-115">[112]</a> A 2015 review found an association between cannabis use and the development of testicular <a href="/wiki/Germ_cell_tumor" title="Germ cell tumor">germ cell tumors</a> (TGCTs), particularly non-<a href="/wiki/Seminoma" title="Seminoma">seminoma</a> TGCTs.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> Another 2015 meta-analysis found no association between lifetime cannabis use and risk of head or neck cancer.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> Combustion products are not present when using a <a href="/wiki/Vaporizer_(inhalation_device)" title="Vaporizer (inhalation device)">vaporizer</a>, consuming THC in pill form, or consuming <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis foods">cannabis foods</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> There is concern that cannabis may contribute to cardiovascular disease,<a href="#cite_note-Riecher-Rössler2014a-119">[116]</a> but as of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_(drug)&action=edit">[update]</a>, evidence of this relationship was unclear.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> Research in these events is complicated because cannabis is often used in conjunction with tobacco, and drugs such as alcohol and cocaine that are known to have cardiovascular risk factors.<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> Smoking cannabis has also been shown to increase the risk of <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">myocardial infarction</a> by 4.8 times for the 60 minutes after consumption.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> There is preliminary evidence that cannabis interferes with the <a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">anticoagulant</a> properties of prescription drugs used for <a href="/wiki/Thrombosis" title="Thrombosis">treating blood clots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greger-123">[120]</a> As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_(drug)&action=edit">[update]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mechanism_of_action" title="Mechanism of action">mechanisms</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a> and possible <a href="/wiki/Analgesic" title="Analgesic">pain relieving</a> effects of cannabis were not defined, and there were no governmental regulatory approvals or clinical practices for use of cannabis as a drug.<a href="#cite_note-mayo-98">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Emergency_department_visits">Emergency department visits</h5></div> Emergency room (ER) admissions associated with cannabis use rose significantly from 2012 to 2016; adolescents from age 12–17 had the highest risk.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> At one Colorado medical center following legalization, approximately two percent of ER admissions were classified as cannabis users. The symptoms of one quarter of these users were partially attributed to cannabis (a total of 2567 out of 449,031 patients); other drugs were sometimes involved. Of these cannabis admissions, one quarter were for <a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis#Mental_health" title="Long-term effects of cannabis">acute psychiatric effects</a>, primarily <a href="/wiki/Suicidal_ideation" title="Suicidal ideation">suicidal ideation</a>, depression, and anxiety. An additional third of the cases were for gastrointestinal issues including <a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_hyperemesis_syndrome" title="Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome">cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, there were 455,000 emergency room visits associated with cannabis use in 2011. These statistics include visits in which the patient was treated for a condition induced by or related to recent cannabis use. The drug use must be "implicated" in the emergency department visit, but does not need to be the direct cause of the visit. Most of the illicit drug emergency room visits involved multiple drugs.<a href="#cite_note-NEDREDV-126">[123]</a> In 129,000 cases, cannabis was the only implicated drug.<a href="#cite_note-NEDREDV-126">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-NEJM2014-16">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reproductive_health">Reproductive health</h4></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_pregnancy" title="Cannabis in pregnancy">Cannabis in pregnancy</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_in_pregnancy&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_pregnancy" title="Cannabis in pregnancy">Cannabis consumption in pregnancy</a> is an important <a href="/wiki/Public_health_issue" class="mw-redirect" title="Public health issue">public health issue</a>. Research has found possible or likely associations between cannabis use and a risk of adverse outcomes in respect of cognitive development, mental health, physical health, and lactation.<a href="#cite_note-Cannabis_in_pregnancy_overview-127">[124]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis#Biochemical_mechanisms_in_the_brain" title="Effects of cannabis">Effects of cannabis § Biochemical mechanisms in the brain</a></div> THC is a weak partial agonist at <a href="/wiki/CB1_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="CB1 receptor">CB1 receptors</a>, while CBD is a <a href="/wiki/CB1_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="CB1 receptor">CB1 receptor</a> antagonist.<a href="#cite_note-The_Structure–Function_Relationships_of_Classical_Cannabinoids:_CB1/CB2_Modulation-128">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> The CB1 receptor is found primarily in the brain as well as in some peripheral tissues, and the CB2 receptor is found primarily in peripheral tissues, but is also expressed in <a href="/wiki/Neuroglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroglia">neuroglial</a> cells.<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> THC appears to alter mood and cognition through its agonist actions on the CB1 receptors, which inhibit a <a href="/wiki/Secondary_messenger_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary messenger system">secondary messenger system</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adenylate_cyclase" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenylate cyclase">adenylate cyclase</a>) in a dose-dependent manner. Via CB1 receptor activation, THC indirectly increases <a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">dopamine</a> release and produces <a href="/wiki/Psychotropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychotropic">psychotropic</a> effects.<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">CBD</a> also acts as an <a href="/wiki/Allosteric_modulator" title="Allosteric modulator">allosteric modulator</a> of the <a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-opioid_receptor" title="Μ-opioid receptor">μ-</a> and <a href="/wiki/%CE%94-opioid_receptor" title="Δ-opioid receptor">δ-opioid receptors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16489449-132">[129]</a> THC also potentiates the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Glycine_receptor" title="Glycine receptor">glycine receptors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> It is unknown if or how these actions contribute to the effects of cannabis.<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</h3></div> The high <a href="/wiki/Lipophilicity" title="Lipophilicity">lipid-solubility</a> of cannabinoids results in their persisting in the body for long periods of time.<a href="#cite_note-HallPacula2003hj-135">[132]</a> Even after a single administration of THC, detectable levels of THC can be found in the body for weeks or longer (depending on the amount administered and the sensitivity of the assessment method).<a href="#cite_note-HallPacula2003hj-135">[132]</a> Investigators have suggested that this is an important factor in marijuana's effects, perhaps because cannabinoids may accumulate in the body, particularly in the lipid membranes of neurons.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_composition">Chemical composition</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Difference_between_C._indica_and_C._sativa" class="mw-redirect" title="Difference between C. indica and C. sativa">Difference between C. indica and C. sativa</a></div> The main psychoactive component of cannabis is <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">tetrahydrocannabinol</a> (THC), which is formed via decarboxylation of <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid" title="Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid">tetrahydrocannabinolic acid</a> (THCA) from the application of heat. Raw leaf is not psychoactive because the <a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid" title="Cannabinoid">cannabinoids</a> are in the form of <a href="/wiki/Carboxylic_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboxylic acids">carboxylic acids</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] THC is one of the 483 known compounds in the plant,<a href="#cite_note-Russo2013-137">[134]</a> including at least 65 other cannabinoids,<a href="#cite_note-:3-138">[135]</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">cannabidiol</a> (CBD).<a href="#cite_note-D'Souza-55">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Detection_in_body_fluids">Detection in body fluids</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_drug_testing" title="Cannabis drug testing">Cannabis drug testing</a></div> THC and its major (inactive) metabolite, <a href="/wiki/THC-COOH" class="mw-redirect" title="THC-COOH">THC-COOH</a>, can be measured in blood, urine, hair, oral fluid or sweat using <a href="/wiki/Chromatographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromatographic">chromatographic</a> techniques as part of a drug use testing program or a forensic investigation of a traffic or other criminal offense.<a href="#cite_note-Barceloux2012-62">[59]</a> The concentrations obtained from such analyses can often be helpful in distinguishing active use from passive exposure, elapsed time since use, and extent or duration of use. These tests cannot, however, distinguish authorized cannabis smoking for medical purposes from unauthorized recreational smoking.<a href="#cite_note-Baselt2008-139">[136]</a> Commercial cannabinoid <a href="/wiki/Immunoassay" title="Immunoassay">immunoassays</a>, often employed as the initial screening method when testing physiological specimens for marijuana presence, have different degrees of cross-reactivity with THC and its metabolites.<a href="#cite_note-ShawKwong2001-140">[137]</a> Urine contains predominantly THC-COOH, while hair, oral fluid and sweat contain primarily THC.<a href="#cite_note-Barceloux2012-62">[59]</a> Blood may contain both substances, with the relative amounts dependent on the recency and extent of usage.<a href="#cite_note-Barceloux2012-62">[59]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Duquenois%E2%80%93Levine_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Duquenois–Levine test">Duquenois–Levine test</a> is commonly used as a <a href="/wiki/Presumptive_and_confirmatory_tests" title="Presumptive and confirmatory tests">screening test</a> in the field, but it cannot definitively confirm the presence of cannabis, as a large range of substances have been shown to give false positives.<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> Researchers at John Jay College of Criminal Justice reported that dietary zinc supplements can mask the presence of THC and other drugs in urine.<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> However, a 2013 study conducted by researchers at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah_School_of_Medicine" title="University of Utah School of Medicine">University of Utah School of Medicine</a> refute the possibility of self-administered zinc producing false-negative urine drug tests.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties_and_strains">Varieties and strains</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannab2_new.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cannab2_new.png/220px-Cannab2_new.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Cannab2_new.png 1.5x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Types of cannabis</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macro_cannabis_bud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Macro_cannabis_bud.jpg/220px-Macro_cannabis_bud.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Macro_cannabis_bud.jpg/330px-Macro_cannabis_bud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Macro_cannabis_bud.jpg/440px-Macro_cannabis_bud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1759" data-file-height="1592" /></a><figcaption>A macro cannabis bud</figcaption></figure> CBD is a <a href="/wiki/5-HT1A_receptor" title="5-HT1A receptor">5-HT1A receptor</a> agonist, which is under laboratory research to determine if it has an <a href="/wiki/Anxiolytic" title="Anxiolytic">anxiolytic</a> effect.<a href="#cite_note-joy-144">[141]</a> It is often claimed that sativa strains provide a more stimulating psychoactive high while indica strains are more sedating with a body high.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> However, this is disputed by researchers.<a href="#cite_note-pmid28861479-146">[143]</a> A 2015 review found that the use of high CBD-to-THC strains of cannabis showed significantly fewer <a href="/wiki/Positive_symptoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive symptoms">positive symptoms</a>, such as delusions and hallucinations, better <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitive function">cognitive function</a> and both lower risk for developing psychosis, as well as a later age of onset of the illness, compared to cannabis with low CBD-to-THC ratios.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychoactive_ingredients">Psychoactive ingredients</h3></div> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a> (UNODC), "the amount of THC present in a cannabis sample is generally used as a measure of cannabis potency."<a href="#cite_note-Why_Does_Cannabis_Potency_Matter?-148">[145]</a> The three main forms of cannabis products are the flower/fruit, resin (hashish), and oil (hash oil). The UNODC states that cannabis often contains 5% THC content, resin "can contain up to 20% THC content", and that "Cannabis oil may contain more than 60% THC content."<a href="#cite_note-Why_Does_Cannabis_Potency_Matter?-148">[145]</a> Studies have found that the potency of illicit cannabis has greatly increased since the 1970s, with THC levels rising and CBD levels dropping.<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> It is unclear, however, whether the increase in THC content has caused people to consume more THC or if users adjust based on the potency of the cannabis. It is likely that the higher THC content allows people to ingest less tar. At the same time, CBD levels in seized samples have lowered, in part because of the desire to produce higher THC levels and because more illegal growers cultivate indoors using artificial lights. This helps avoid detection but reduces the CBD production of the plant.<a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a> Australia's <a href="/wiki/National_Cannabis_Prevention_and_Information_Centre" title="National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre">National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre</a> (NCPIC) states that the buds (<a href="/wiki/Infructescence" title="Infructescence">infructescences</a>) of the female cannabis plant contain the highest concentration of THC, followed by the leaves. The stalks and seeds have "much lower THC levels".<a href="#cite_note-urlCannabis_Potency-153">[150]</a> The UN states that the leaves can contain ten times less THC than the buds, and the stalks 100 times less THC.<a href="#cite_note-Why_Does_Cannabis_Potency_Matter?-148">[145]</a> After revisions to <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_reclassification_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis reclassification in the United Kingdom">cannabis scheduling</a> in the UK, the government moved cannabis back from a <a href="/wiki/Class_C_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Class C drug">class C</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Class_B_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Class B drug">class B drug</a>. A purported reason was the appearance of high potency cannabis. They believe <a href="/wiki/Skunk_(cannabis_strain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skunk (cannabis strain)">skunk</a> accounts for between 70% and 80% of samples seized by police<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> (despite the fact that skunk can sometimes be incorrectly mistaken for all types of herbal cannabis).<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/Extract" title="Extract">Extracts</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">hashish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hash_oil" title="Hash oil">hash oil</a> typically contain more THC than high potency cannabis infructescences.<a href="#cite_note-Doweiko2011-157">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Laced_cannabis_and_synthetic_cannabinoids">Laced cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_cannabinoids#Hemp_(or_low_potent_cannabis)_buds" title="Synthetic cannabinoids">Synthetic cannabinoids § Hemp (or low potent cannabis) buds</a></div> Hemp buds (or low-potency cannabis buds) laced with <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_cannabinoids" title="Synthetic cannabinoids">synthetic cannabinoids</a> started to be sold as cannabis street drug in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> The short-term effects of cannabis can be altered if it has been laced with <a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">opioid</a> drugs such as heroin or <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> The added drugs are meant to enhance the psychoactive properties, add to its weight, and increase profitability, despite the increased danger of overdose.<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[d]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations">Preparations</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 232.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Marijuana-Cannabis-Weed-Bud-Gram.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dried flower buds (marijuana)"><img alt="Dried flower buds (marijuana)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Marijuana-Cannabis-Weed-Bud-Gram.jpg/346px-Marijuana-Cannabis-Weed-Bud-Gram.jpg" decoding="async" width="231" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Marijuana-Cannabis-Weed-Bud-Gram.jpg/520px-Marijuana-Cannabis-Weed-Bud-Gram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Marijuana-Cannabis-Weed-Bud-Gram.jpg/693px-Marijuana-Cannabis-Weed-Bud-Gram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2640" data-file-height="1830" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dried flower buds (marijuana)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kief_(yellow).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A gram of kief"><img alt="A gram of kief" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kief_%28yellow%29.jpg/234px-Kief_%28yellow%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kief_%28yellow%29.jpg/350px-Kief_%28yellow%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kief_%28yellow%29.jpg/467px-Kief_%28yellow%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1655" data-file-height="1700" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A gram of <a href="/wiki/Kief" title="Kief">kief</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 179.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 177.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hashish-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hashish"><img alt="Hashish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hashish-2.jpg/266px-Hashish-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hashish-2.jpg/399px-Hashish-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hashish-2.jpg/532px-Hashish-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="642" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hashish</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 70.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 68.666666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Drop_of_cannabis_oil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hash oil"><img alt="Hash oil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Drop_of_cannabis_oil.jpg/103px-Drop_of_cannabis_oil.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Drop_of_cannabis_oil.jpg/155px-Drop_of_cannabis_oil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Drop_of_cannabis_oil.jpg/206px-Drop_of_cannabis_oil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="1000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hash oil</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannabis_Butter.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Infusion (dairy butter)"><img alt="Infusion (dairy butter)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cannabis_Butter.JPG/360px-Cannabis_Butter.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cannabis_Butter.JPG/540px-Cannabis_Butter.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cannabis_Butter.JPG/720px-Cannabis_Butter.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Infusion (dairy butter)</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marijuana">Marijuana</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Marijuana_(word)" title="Marijuana (word)">Marijuana (word)</a></div> Marijuana or marihuana (herbal cannabis)<a href="#cite_note-Dictionaries2007m-166">[162]</a> consists of the dried flowers and fruits and subtending leaves and stems of the female cannabis plant.<a href="#cite_note-PotterBouchard2013-167">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-HallPacula2003-168">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Houck2015-170">[166]</a> This is the most widely consumed form,<a href="#cite_note-Houck2015-170">[166]</a> containing 3% to 20% THC,<a href="#cite_note-AdlerAdler2012-171">[167]</a> with reports of up to 33% THC.<a href="#cite_note-MosherAkins2013-172">[168]</a> This is the stock material from which all other preparations are derived. Although herbal cannabis and <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">industrial hemp</a> derive from the same species and contain the psychoactive component (THC), they are distinct strains with unique biochemical compositions and uses. Hemp has lower concentrations of THC and higher concentrations of CBD, which gives lesser psychoactive effects.<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-Earleywine2002-174">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kief">Kief</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kief" title="Kief">Kief</a></div> Kief is a powder, rich in <a href="/wiki/Trichome" title="Trichome">trichomes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Rosenthal2002-175">[171]</a> which can be sifted from the leaves, flowers and fruits of <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_sativa" title="Cannabis sativa">cannabis plants</a> and either <a href="/wiki/One_hitter_(smoking)" class="mw-redirect" title="One hitter (smoking)">consumed in powder form</a> or compressed to produce cakes of <a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">hashish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a> The word "kif" derives from <a href="/wiki/Colloquial_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloquial Arabic">colloquial Arabic</a> كيف kēf/kīf, meaning pleasure.<a href="#cite_note-Bukszpan2012-177">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hashish">Hashish</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">Hashish</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legal_hashish_shop_in_Kathmandu,_Nepal_in_1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Legal hashish shop in Kathmandu, Nepal in 1973" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Legal_hashish_shop_in_Kathmandu%2C_Nepal_in_1973.jpg/240px-Legal_hashish_shop_in_Kathmandu%2C_Nepal_in_1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Legal_hashish_shop_in_Kathmandu%2C_Nepal_in_1973.jpg/360px-Legal_hashish_shop_in_Kathmandu%2C_Nepal_in_1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Legal_hashish_shop_in_Kathmandu%2C_Nepal_in_1973.jpg/480px-Legal_hashish_shop_in_Kathmandu%2C_Nepal_in_1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1301" data-file-height="1925" /></a><figcaption>Legal hashish shop in <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> in 1973</figcaption></figure> Hashish (also spelled hasheesh, hashisha, or simply hash) is a concentrated <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resin</a> cake or ball produced from pressed kief, the detached trichomes and fine material that falls off cannabis fruits, flowers and leaves,<a href="#cite_note-urlHashish_-_Definitions_from_Dictionary.com-178">[174]</a> or from scraping the resin from the surface of the plants and rolling it into balls. It varies in color from black to golden brown depending upon purity and variety of cultivar it was obtained from.<a href="#cite_note-slade2012-179">[175]</a> It can be consumed orally or smoked, and is also vaporized, or 'vaped'.<a href="#cite_note-Goldberg2012q-180">[176]</a> The term "rosin hash" refers to a high quality solventless product obtained through heat and pressure.<a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tincture">Tincture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tincture_of_cannabis" title="Tincture of cannabis">Tincture of cannabis</a></div> Cannabinoids can be <a href="/wiki/Extraction_(chemistry)" title="Extraction (chemistry)">extracted</a> from cannabis plant matter using high-<a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_proof" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic proof">proof</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbalism#Routes_of_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbalism">spirits</a> (often <a href="/wiki/Rectified_spirit" title="Rectified spirit">grain alcohol</a>) to create a <a href="/wiki/Tincture" title="Tincture">tincture</a>, often referred to as "green dragon".<a href="#cite_note-Iversen2000s-33">[32]</a>: p17  <a href="/wiki/Nabiximols" title="Nabiximols">Nabiximols</a> is a branded product name from a tincture manufacturing pharmaceutical company.<a href="#cite_note-CohenRudick2011-182">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hash_oil">Hash oil</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hash_oil" title="Hash oil">Hash oil</a></div> Hash oil is a <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resinous</a> matrix of <a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid" title="Cannabinoid">cannabinoids</a> obtained from the cannabis plant by <a href="/wiki/Solvent_extraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Solvent extraction">solvent extraction</a>,<a href="#cite_note-King2009c-183">[179]</a> formed into a hardened or viscous mass.<a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a> Hash oil can be the most potent of the main cannabis products because of its high level of psychoactive compound per its volume, which can vary depending on the plant's mix of essential oils and psychoactive compounds.<a href="#cite_note-WD2009_98-185">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/Butane" title="Butane">Butane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supercritical_fluid" title="Supercritical fluid">supercritical</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> hash oil have become popular in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infusions">Infusions</h3></div> There are many varieties of cannabis infusions owing to the variety of non-volatile solvents used.<a href="#cite_note-Kintz2014-187">[183]</a> The plant material is mixed with the solvent and then pressed and filtered to express the oils of the plant into the solvent. Examples of solvents used in this process are cocoa butter, dairy butter, cooking oil, <a href="/wiki/Glycerine" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycerine">glycerine</a>, and skin moisturizers. Depending on the solvent, these may be used in <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis foods">cannabis foods</a> or applied topically.<a href="#cite_note-McDonoughMagazine2012-188">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marihuana_prensada">Marihuana prensada</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marihuana_prensada" title="Marihuana prensada">Marihuana prensada</a></div> Marihuana prensada ('pressed marijuana') is a cannabis-derived product widespread among the lower classes of South America,<a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> especially from the 90s. Locally it is known as "paraguayo" or "paragua", since its main producer is <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-190">[186]</a> Marijuana is dried and mixed with <a href="/wiki/Binder_(material)" title="Binder (material)">binding agents</a> that make it toxic and highly harmful to health.<a href="#cite_note-:2-191">[187]</a> It is cut into the shape of bricks (ladrillos) and sold for a low price in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, Brazil, Chile, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, and even the United States.<a href="#cite_note-:12-192">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_cannabis" title="History of cannabis">History of cannabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_law" title="Timeline of cannabis law">Timeline of cannabis law</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Religion_and_drugs" title="Religion and drugs">Religion and drugs</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_history">Ancient history</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jirzankal_Cemetery_map_(Cannabis_site).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Jirzankal_Cemetery_map_%28Cannabis_site%29.png/290px-Jirzankal_Cemetery_map_%28Cannabis_site%29.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Jirzankal_Cemetery_map_%28Cannabis_site%29.png/435px-Jirzankal_Cemetery_map_%28Cannabis_site%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Jirzankal_Cemetery_map_%28Cannabis_site%29.png/580px-Jirzankal_Cemetery_map_%28Cannabis_site%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Present-day map of the Jirzankal Cemetery, site of the earliest evidence of cannabis smoking</figcaption></figure> Cannabis is <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous (ecology)">indigenous</a> to Central or South Asia<a href="#cite_note-193">[189]</a> and its uses for fabric and rope dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic age">Neolithic age</a> in China and Japan.<a href="#cite_note-StaffordBigwood1992-194">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> It is unclear when cannabis first became known for its psychoactive properties. The oldest archeological evidence for the burning of cannabis was found in Romanian <a href="/wiki/Kurgan" title="Kurgan">kurgans</a> dated 3,500 BC, and scholars suggest that the drug was first used in ritual ceremonies by <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Proto-Indo-European</a> tribes living in the <a href="/wiki/Pontic%E2%80%93Caspian_steppe" title="Pontic–Caspian steppe">Pontic-Caspian steppe</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> period, a custom they eventually spread throughout Western Eurasia during the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_migrations" title="Indo-European migrations">Indo-European migrations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a> Some research suggests that the ancient <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranian</a> drug <a href="/wiki/Soma_(drink)" title="Soma (drink)">soma</a>, mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Veda">Vedas</a>, sometimes contained cannabis. This is based on the discovery of a basin containing cannabis in a shrine of the <a href="/wiki/Second_millennium_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Second millennium BC">second millennium BC</a> in Turkmenistan.<a href="#cite_note-Rudgley-Encyclopedia-198">[194]</a> Cannabis was known to the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Assyrian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Assyrian people">ancient Assyrians</a>, who discovered its psychoactive properties through the Iranians.<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a> Using it in some religious ceremonies, they called it qunubu (meaning "way to produce smoke"), a probable origin of the modern word cannabis.<a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a> The Iranians also introduced cannabis to the Scythians, <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacians</a>, whose shamans (the <a href="/wiki/Kapnobatai" title="Kapnobatai">kapnobatai</a> – "those who walk on smoke/clouds") burned cannabis infructescences to induce <a href="/wiki/Trance" title="Trance">trance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> The plant was used in China before 2800 BC, and found therapeutic use in India by 1000 BC, where it was used <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_edible" title="Cannabis edible">in food and drink</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Bhang" title="Bhang">bhang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-vice-203">[199]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannabissativadior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cannabissativadior.jpg/170px-Cannabissativadior.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cannabissativadior.jpg/255px-Cannabissativadior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cannabissativadior.jpg/340px-Cannabissativadior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1933" data-file-height="2280" /></a><figcaption>Cannabis sativa from <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Dioscurides" title="Vienna Dioscurides">Vienna Dioscurides</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 512 CE</figcaption></figure> Cannabis has an ancient history of ritual use and has been used by religions around the world. It has been used as a drug for both <a href="/wiki/Recreational_marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational marijuana">recreational</a> and <a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_use_of_cannabis" title="Entheogenic use of cannabis">entheogenic</a> purposes and in various <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicines</a> for centuries.<a href="#cite_note-204">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dictionaries2007m-166">[162]</a> The earliest evidence of cannabis smoking has been found in the 2,500-year-old tombs of Jirzankal Cemetery in the <a href="/wiki/Pamir_Mountains" title="Pamir Mountains">Pamir Mountains</a> in Western China, where cannabis residue were found in burners with charred pebbles possibly used during funeral rituals.<a href="#cite_note-206">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-NatGeo2019Jun-207">[203]</a> Hemp seeds discovered by archaeologists at <a href="/wiki/Pazyryk_burials" title="Pazyryk burials">Pazyryk</a> suggest early ceremonial practices like eating by the Scythians occurred during the 5th to 2nd century BC, confirming previous historical reports by Herodotus.<a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a> It was used by Muslims in various <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> orders as early as the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a> period, for example by the <a href="/wiki/Qalandariyya" title="Qalandariyya">Qalandars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a> Smoking pipes uncovered in Ethiopia and carbon-dated to around <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> AD 1320 were found to have traces of cannabis.<a href="#cite_note-Rubin1975-210">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3></div> Cannabis was introduced to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> by the Spaniards in 1530–1545.<a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a> Following an 1836–1840 travel in North Africa and the Middle East, French physician <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Joseph_Moreau" title="Jacques-Joseph Moreau">Jacques-Joseph Moreau</a> wrote on the psychological effects of cannabis use; he founded the Paris' <a href="/wiki/Club_des_Hashischins" title="Club des Hashischins">Club des Hashischins</a> in 1844.<a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> In 1842, Irish physician <a href="/wiki/William_Brooke_O%27Shaughnessy" title="William Brooke O'Shaughnessy">William Brooke O'Shaughnessy</a>, who had studied the drug while working as a medical officer in Bengal with the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>, brought a quantity of cannabis with him on his return to <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a>, provoking renewed interest in the West.<a href="#cite_note-Iversen2007-215">[211]</a> Examples of classic literature of the period featuring cannabis include <a href="/wiki/Les_paradis_artificiels" class="mw-redirect" title="Les paradis artificiels">Les paradis artificiels</a> (1860) by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Hasheesh_Eater" title="The Hasheesh Eater">The Hasheesh Eater</a> (1857) by <a href="/wiki/Fitz_Hugh_Ludlow" title="Fitz Hugh Ludlow">Fitz Hugh Ludlow</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Killerdrug.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Killerdrug.jpg/220px-Killerdrug.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Killerdrug.jpg/330px-Killerdrug.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Killerdrug.jpg/440px-Killerdrug.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>Anti-cannabis propaganda from 1935</figcaption></figure> Cannabis was criminalized in some countries beginning in the 14th century and was illegal in most countries by the middle of the 20th century. The colonial government of Mauritius banned cannabis in 1840 over concerns on its effect on Indian indentured workers;<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a> the same occurred in Singapore in 1870.<a href="#cite_note-Bunyapraphatsōn_1999-217">[213]</a> In the United States, the first restrictions on sale of cannabis came in 1906 (in the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>).<a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> Canada criminalized cannabis in The Opium and Narcotic Drug Act, 1923,<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a> before any reports of the use of the drug in Canada, but eventually legalized its consumption for recreational and medicinal purposes in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-canada2018-17">[16]</a> In 1925, a compromise was made at an international conference in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> about the <a href="/wiki/International_Opium_Convention" title="International Opium Convention">International Opium Convention</a> that banned exportation of "Indian hemp" to countries that had prohibited its use, and requiring importing countries to issue certificates approving the importation and stating that the shipment was required "exclusively for medical or scientific purposes". It also required parties to "exercise an effective control of such a nature as to prevent the illicit international traffic in Indian hemp and especially in the resin".<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a> In the United States in 1937, the <a href="/wiki/Marihuana_Tax_Act_of_1937" title="Marihuana Tax Act of 1937">Marihuana Tax Act</a> was passed,<a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a> and prohibited the production of hemp in addition to cannabis. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drug_bottle_containing_cannabis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Drug_bottle_containing_cannabis.jpg/110px-Drug_bottle_containing_cannabis.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Drug_bottle_containing_cannabis.jpg/165px-Drug_bottle_containing_cannabis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Drug_bottle_containing_cannabis.jpg/220px-Drug_bottle_containing_cannabis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="603" /></a><figcaption>Cannabis indica fluid extract, American Druggists Syndicate (pre-1937)</figcaption></figure> In 1972, the Dutch government divided drugs into more- and less-dangerous categories, with cannabis being in the lesser category. Accordingly, possession of 30 grams (1.1 oz) or less was made a misdemeanor.<a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a> Cannabis has been available for recreational use in <a href="/wiki/Coffeeshop_(Netherlands)" title="Coffeeshop (Netherlands)">coffee shops</a> since 1976.<a href="#cite_note-Tonry2015-224">[220]</a> Cannabis products are only sold openly in certain local "coffeeshops" and possession of up to 5 grams (0.18 oz) for personal use is decriminalized, however: the police may still confiscate it, which often happens in car checks near the border. Other types of sales and transportation are not permitted, although the general approach toward cannabis was lenient even before official <a href="/wiki/Decriminalization" title="Decriminalization">decriminalization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a> In Uruguay, President <a href="/wiki/Jose_Mujica" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Mujica">Jose Mujica</a> signed legislation to <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Uruguay" title="Cannabis in Uruguay">legalize recreational cannabis</a> in December 2013, making Uruguay the first country in the modern era to legalize cannabis. In August 2014, Uruguay legalized growing up to six plants at home, as well as the formation of growing clubs (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis_social_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis social club">Cannabis social club</a>), and a state-controlled <a href="/wiki/Marijuana_dispensary" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana dispensary">marijuana dispensary</a> regime. As of 17 October 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_(drug)&action=edit">[update]</a>, when recreational use of cannabis was legalized in Canada, <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplements</a> for human use and <a href="/wiki/Holistic_veterinary_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Holistic veterinary medicine">veterinary health products</a> containing not more than 10 parts per million of THC extract were approved for marketing; <a href="/wiki/Nabiximols" title="Nabiximols">Nabiximols</a> (as Sativex) is used as a prescription drug in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-canada2018-17">[16]</a> The United Nations' <a href="/wiki/World_Drug_Report" title="World Drug Report">World Drug Report</a> stated that cannabis "was the world's most widely produced, trafficked, and consumed drug in the world in 2010", and estimated between 128 million and 238 million users globally in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture,_legality_and_economics">Culture, legality and economics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_culture" title="Cannabis culture">Cannabis culture</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Drug_culture" title="Drug culture">Drug culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/420_(cannabis_culture)" title="420 (cannabis culture)">420 (cannabis culture)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Process_of_making_bhang_in_Punjab,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Process_of_making_bhang_in_Punjab%2C_India.jpg/220px-Process_of_making_bhang_in_Punjab%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Process_of_making_bhang_in_Punjab%2C_India.jpg/330px-Process_of_making_bhang_in_Punjab%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Process_of_making_bhang_in_Punjab%2C_India.jpg/440px-Process_of_making_bhang_in_Punjab%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption>Process of making <a href="/wiki/Bhang" title="Bhang">bhang</a> in a village in <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab, India</a>. On the Indian festival of colors, <a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a>, it is a customary addition to some intoxicating drinks.<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a></figcaption></figure> Cannabis has been one of the most used <a href="/wiki/Psychoactive_drug" title="Psychoactive drug">psychoactive drugs</a> in the world since the late 20th century, following only <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> in popularity.<a href="#cite_note-Rubin1-231">[227]</a> According to Vera Rubin, the use of cannabis has been encompassed by two major cultural complexes over time: a continuous, traditional <a href="/wiki/Folk_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk culture">folk</a> stream, and a more circumscribed, contemporary configuration.<a href="#cite_note-Rubin3-232">[228]</a> The former involves both sacred and secular use, and is usually based on small-scale cultivation: the use of the plant for <a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">cordage</a>, clothing, medicine, food, and a "general use as an <a href="/wiki/Euphoriant" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphoriant">euphoriant</a> and symbol of fellowship."<a href="#cite_note-Rubin3-232">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rubin4-233">[229]</a> The second stream of expansion of cannabis use encompasses "the use of hemp for commercial manufacturers utilizing large-scale cultivation primarily as a fiber for mercantile purposes"; but it is also linked to the search for <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_experience" title="Psychedelic experience">psychedelic experiences</a> (which can be traced back to the formation of the Parisian <a href="/wiki/Club_des_Hashischins" title="Club des Hashischins">Club des Hashischins</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Rubin4-233">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legality">Legality</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis" title="Legality of cannabis">Legality of cannabis</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of drugs">Prohibition of drugs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Drug liberalization</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-of-world-cannabis-laws.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of world cannabis laws" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Map-of-world-cannabis-laws.svg/330px-Map-of-world-cannabis-laws.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Map-of-world-cannabis-laws.svg/495px-Map-of-world-cannabis-laws.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Map-of-world-cannabis-laws.svg/660px-Map-of-world-cannabis-laws.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption> Legal status of cannabis possession for non-medical use <hr /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Legal</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Illegal but decriminalized</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Illegal but often unenforced</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Illegal</div> <hr /> See also <a href="/wiki/File:Map-of-world-medical-cannabis-laws.svg" title="File:Map-of-world-medical-cannabis-laws.svg">countries that have legalized medical use of cannabis</a>.</figcaption></figure> Since the beginning of the 20th century, most countries have enacted <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_(drugs)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition (drugs)">laws</a> against the cultivation, possession or transfer of cannabis.<a href="#cite_note-Levinson2002-234">[230]</a> These laws have had an adverse effect on cannabis cultivation for non-recreational purposes, but there are many regions where handling of cannabis is legal or licensed. Many jurisdictions have lessened the penalties for possession of small quantities of cannabis so that it is punished by confiscation and sometimes a fine, rather than imprisonment, focusing more on those who traffic the drug on the <a href="/wiki/Black_market" title="Black market">black market</a>. In some areas where cannabis use had been historically tolerated, new restrictions were instituted, such as the closing of cannabis coffee shops near the borders of the Netherlands,<a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> and closing of coffee shops near secondary schools in the Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark in 2014, mayor <a href="/wiki/Frank_Jensen" title="Frank Jensen">Frank Jensen</a> discussed possibilities for the city to legalize cannabis production and commerce.<a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> Some jurisdictions use free voluntary or mandatory treatment programs for frequent known users. Simple possession can carry long prison terms in some countries, particularly in East Asia, where the sale of cannabis may lead to a sentence of life in prison or even execution. Political parties, non-profit organizations, and causes based on the legalization of medical cannabis or legalizing the plant entirely (with some restrictions) have emerged in such countries as China and Thailand.<a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> In December 2012, the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> became the first state to officially legalize cannabis in a state law (<a href="/wiki/Washington_Initiative_502" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Initiative 502">Washington Initiative 502</a>) (but still illegal by <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis in the United States">federal law</a>),<a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> with the state of <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> following close behind (<a href="/wiki/Colorado_Amendment_64" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado Amendment 64">Colorado Amendment 64</a>).<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a> On 1 January 2013, the first cannabis "<a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Social_Club" title="Cannabis Social Club">club</a>" for private marijuana smoking (no buying or selling, however) was allowed for the first time in Colorado.<a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> The California Supreme Court decided in May 2013 that local governments can ban medical cannabis dispensaries despite a state law in California that permits the use of cannabis for medical purposes. At least 180 cities across California have enacted bans in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm/220px--President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="45" data-mwtitle="President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_(tDWWZ1zGNwg).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_(tDWWZ1zGNwg).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm/President_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident_Biden_Discusses_Taking_the_Next_Step_to_Reclassify_Marijuana_%28tDWWZ1zGNwg%29.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption><a href="/wiki/President_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="President Biden">President Biden</a> discussess rescheduling of cannabis.</figcaption></figure> On 30 April 2024, the United States <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> announced it would move to reclassify cannabis from a Schedule I to a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_III" title="Controlled Substances Act">Schedule III controlled substance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a> In December 2013, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> became the first country to legalize growing, sale and use of cannabis.<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> After a long delay in implementing the retail component of the law, in 2017 sixteen pharmacies were authorized to sell cannabis commercially.<a href="#cite_note-UrGuardian-247">[243]</a> On 19 June 2018, the Canadian Senate passed a bill and the Prime Minister announced the effective legalization date as 17 October 2018.<a href="#cite_note-canada2018-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> Canada is the second country to legalize the drug.<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> In November 2015, <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a> became the first state of India to legalize the cultivation of hemp for industrial purposes.<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> Usage within the Hindu and Buddhist cultures of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> is common, with many street vendors in India openly selling products infused with cannabis, and traditional medical practitioners in Sri Lanka selling products infused with cannabis for recreational purposes and well as for religious celebrations.<a href="#cite_note-:1-251">[247]</a> Indian laws criminalizing cannabis date back to the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">colonial period</a>. India and Sri Lanka have allowed cannabis to be taken in the context of traditional culture for recreational/celebratory purposes and also for medicinal purposes.<a href="#cite_note-:1-251">[247]</a> On 17 October 2015, Australian health minister <a href="/wiki/Sussan_Ley" title="Sussan Ley">Sussan Ley</a> presented a new law that will allow the <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">cultivation</a> of cannabis for scientific research and medical trials on patients.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> On 17 October 2018, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Canada" title="Cannabis in Canada">Canada legalized cannabis</a> for recreational adult use<a href="#cite_note-Butler-253">[249]</a> making it the second country in the world to do so after Uruguay and the first G7 nation.<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> This legalization comes with regulation similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drinks_in_Canada" title="Alcoholic drinks in Canada">alcohol in Canada</a>, age restrictions, limiting home production, distribution, consumption areas and sale times.<a href="#cite_note-Justice-255">[251]</a> Laws around use vary from province to province including age limits, retail structure, and growing at home.<a href="#cite_note-Butler-253">[249]</a> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_licensed_producers_of_medical_marijuana_in_Canada" title="List of licensed producers of medical marijuana in Canada">Canadian Licensed Producer</a> system aims to become the Gold Standard in the world for safe and secure cannabis production,<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a> including provisions for a robust craft cannabis industry where many expect opportunities for experimenting with different strains.<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> As the drug has increasingly been seen as a health issue instead of criminal behavior, cannabis has also been legalized or <a href="/wiki/Decriminalization" title="Decriminalization">decriminalized</a> in: <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Cz_expl_rep-258">[254]</a> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>,<a href="#cite_note-261">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_South_Africa" title="Cannabis in South Africa">South Africa</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-canada2018-17">[16]</a> Medical marijuana was legalized in Mexico in mid-2017 and legalized for recreational use in June 2021.<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a> Germany legalized cannabis for recreational use in April 2024.<a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legal_status_by_country">Legal status by country</h4></div> As of 2022, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Uruguay" title="Cannabis in Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Canada" title="Cannabis in Canada">Canada</a> are the only countries that have fully legalized the cultivation, consumption and bartering of recreational cannabis nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-271">[267]</a> <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction" title="Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction">In the United States</a>, 24 states, 3 territories, and the District of Columbia have legalized the recreational use of cannabis – though the drug remains illegal at the federal level.<a href="#cite_note-ncsl_rec-272">[268]</a> Laws vary from state to state when it comes to the commercial sale. Court rulings in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> and South Africa have led to the legalization of cannabis consumption, but not legal sales. A policy of limited enforcement has also been adopted in many countries, in particular Spain and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> where the sale of cannabis is tolerated at licensed establishments.<a href="#cite_note-clubs_jane-273">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-coffeeshops-274">[270]</a> Contrary to popular belief, cannabis is not legal in the Netherlands,<a href="#cite_note-275">[271]</a> but it has been decriminalized since the 1970s. In 2021, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> member to legalize the use of cannabis for recreational purposes.<a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, it is only legal to sell cannabis products with a THC content of less than 0.2%, although products may contain more cannabidiol.<a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> has recently become the first Arab country to legalize the plantation of cannabis for medical use.<a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a> Penalties for illegal recreational use ranges from confiscation or small fines to jail time and even death.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> In some countries citizens can be punished if they have used the drug in another country, including Singapore and South Korea.<a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economics">Economics</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Production">Production</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_cultivation" title="Cannabis cultivation">Cannabis cultivation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_industry" title="Cannabis industry">Cannabis industry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_product_testing" title="Cannabis product testing">Cannabis product testing</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman_selling_Cannabis_and_Bhang_in_Guwahati,_Assam,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Woman_selling_Cannabis_and_Bhang_in_Guwahati%2C_Assam%2C_India.jpg/220px-Woman_selling_Cannabis_and_Bhang_in_Guwahati%2C_Assam%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Woman_selling_Cannabis_and_Bhang_in_Guwahati%2C_Assam%2C_India.jpg/330px-Woman_selling_Cannabis_and_Bhang_in_Guwahati%2C_Assam%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Woman_selling_Cannabis_and_Bhang_in_Guwahati%2C_Assam%2C_India.jpg/440px-Woman_selling_Cannabis_and_Bhang_in_Guwahati%2C_Assam%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1334" /></a><figcaption>Woman selling cannabis and <a href="/wiki/Bhang" title="Bhang">bhang</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a>, Assam, India</figcaption></figure> Sinsemilla (Spanish for "without seed") is the dried, seedless (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Parthenocarpy" title="Parthenocarpy">parthenocarpic</a>) <a href="/wiki/Infructescence" title="Infructescence">infructescences</a> of female <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_sativa" title="Cannabis sativa">cannabis plants</a>. Because THC production drops off once pollination occurs, the male plants (which produce little THC themselves) are eliminated before they shed pollen to prevent pollination, thus inducing the development of <a href="/wiki/Parthenocarpy" title="Parthenocarpy">parthenocarpic</a> fruits gathered in dense <a href="/wiki/Infructescence" title="Infructescence">infructescences</a>. Advanced cultivation techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)_cultivation#Hydroponic_cultivation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis (drug) cultivation">hydroponics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)_cultivation#Feminized_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis (drug) cultivation">cloning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)_cultivation#Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis (drug) cultivation">high-intensity artificial lighting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)_cultivation#SOG" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis (drug) cultivation">the sea of green method</a> are frequently employed as a response (in part) to prohibition enforcement efforts that make outdoor cultivation more risky. "Skunk" refers to several named strains of potent cannabis, grown through selective breeding and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Hydroponics" title="Hydroponics">hydroponics</a>. It is a cross-breed of Cannabis sativa and C. indica (although other strains of this mix exist in abundance). Skunk cannabis potency ranges usually from 6% to 15% and rarely as high as 20%. The average THC level in coffee shops in the Netherlands is about 18–19%.<a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a> The average levels of THC in cannabis sold in the United States rose dramatically between the 1970s and 2000.<a href="#cite_note-Giz-283">[279]</a> This is disputed for various reasons, and there is little consensus as to whether this is a fact or an artifact of poor testing methodologies.<a href="#cite_note-Giz-283">[279]</a> According to Daniel Forbes writing for slate.com, the relative strength of modern strains are likely skewed because undue weight is given to much more expensive and potent, but less prevalent, samples.<a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a> Some suggest that results are skewed by older testing methods that included low-THC-content plant material such as leaves in the samples, which are excluded in contemporary tests. Others believe that modern strains actually are significantly more potent than older ones.<a href="#cite_note-Giz-283">[279]</a> The main producing countries of cannabis are Afghanistan,<a href="#cite_note-UNDRUG2013-285">[281]</a> Canada,<a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a> China, Colombia,<a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> India,<a href="#cite_note-UNDRUG2013-285">[281]</a> Jamaica,<a href="#cite_note-UNDRUG2013-285">[281]</a> Lebanon,<a href="#cite_note-288">[284]</a> Mexico,<a href="#cite_note-Garelli-289">[285]</a> Morocco,<a href="#cite_note-UNDRUG2013-285">[281]</a> the Netherlands, Pakistan, Paraguay,<a href="#cite_note-Garelli-289">[285]</a> Spain,<a href="#cite_note-UNDRUG2013-285">[281]</a> Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom,<a href="#cite_note-290">[286]</a> and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-UNDRUG2013-285">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Price">Price</h4></div> The price or street value of cannabis varies widely depending on geographic area and potency.<a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a> Prices and overall markets have also varied considerably over time. <ul><li>In 1997, cannabis was estimated to be overall the number four value crop in the US, and number one or two in many states, including California, New York, and Florida. This estimate is based on a value to growers of ~60% of retail value, or $3,000 per pound ($6,600/kg).<a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a></li> <li>In 2006, cannabis was estimated to have been a $36 billion market.<a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a> This estimate has been challenged as exaggerated.<a href="#cite_note-CaulkinsHawken2012-43">[42]</a> The UN World Drug Report (2008) estimated that 2006 street prices in the US and Canada ranged from about US$8.8 to $25 per gram (approximately $250 to $700 per ounce), depending on quality.<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a> Typical U.S. retail prices were $10–15 per gram (approximately $280–420 per <a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">ounce</a>).</li> <li>In 2017, the U.S. was estimated to constitute 90% of the worldwide $9.5 billion legal trade in cannabis.<a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a></li></ul> After some U.S. states legalized cannabis, street prices began to drop. In Colorado, the price of smokable buds (infructescences) dropped 40 percent between 2014 and 2019, from $200 per ounce to $120 per ounce ($7 per gram to $4.19 per gram).<a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Monitoring_Centre_for_Drugs_and_Drug_Addiction" class="mw-redirect" title="European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction">European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction</a> reports that typical retail prices in Europe for cannabis varied from €2 to €20 per gram in 2008, with a majority of European countries reporting prices in the range €4–10.<a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cannabis_as_a_gateway_drug">Cannabis as a gateway drug</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gateway_drug_effect" title="Gateway drug effect">Gateway drug effect</a></div> The gateway hypothesis states that cannabis use increases the probability of trying "harder" drugs. The hypothesis has been hotly debated as it is regarded by some as the primary rationale for the United States prohibition on cannabis use.<a href="#cite_note-Rand-298">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-Benavie2009x-299">[295]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> poll found that political opposition to marijuana use was significantly associated with concerns about the health effects and whether legalization would increase cannabis use by children.<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> Some studies state that while there is no proof for the gateway hypothesis,<a href="#cite_note-MosherAkins2007-301">[297]</a> young cannabis users should still be considered as a risk group for intervention programs.<a href="#cite_note-journalwatch-302">[298]</a> Other findings indicate that <a href="/wiki/Hard_and_soft_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard and soft drugs">hard drug</a> users are likely to be <a href="/wiki/Poly_drug_use" class="mw-redirect" title="Poly drug use">poly-drug users</a>, and that interventions must address the use of multiple drugs instead of a single hard drug.<a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a> Almost two-thirds of the poly drug users in the 2009–2010 Scottish Crime and Justice Survey used cannabis.<a href="#cite_note-304">[300]</a> The gateway effect may appear due to social factors involved in using any illegal drug. Because of the illegal status of cannabis, its consumers are likely to find themselves in situations allowing them to acquaint with individuals using or selling other illegal drugs.<a href="#cite_note-morral2002-305">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[302]</a> Studies have shown that alcohol and tobacco may additionally be regarded as gateway drugs;<a href="#cite_note-pmid8246462-307">[303]</a> however, a more parsimonious explanation could be that cannabis is simply more readily available (and at an earlier age) than illegal hard drugs.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In turn, alcohol and tobacco are typically easier to obtain at an earlier age than is cannabis (though the reverse may be true in some areas), thus leading to the "gateway sequence" in those individuals, since they are most likely to experiment with any drug offered.<a href="#cite_note-Rand-298">[294]</a> A related alternative to the gateway hypothesis is the common liability to addiction (CLA) theory. It states that some individuals are, for various reasons, willing to try multiple recreational substances. The "gateway" drugs are merely those that are (usually) available at an earlier age than the harder drugs. Researchers have noted in an extensive review that it is dangerous to present the sequence of events described in gateway "theory" in causative terms as this hinders both research and intervention.<a href="#cite_note-Vanyukov2012-308">[304]</a> In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_on_Drug_Abuse" title="National Institute on Drug Abuse">National Institute on Drug Abuse</a> released a study backing allegations that marijuana is a gateway to harder drugs, though not for the majority of marijuana users.<a href="#cite_note-marijuanagateway-309">[305]</a> The National Institute on Drug Abuse determined that marijuana use is "likely to precede use of other licit and illicit substances" and that "adults who reported marijuana use during the first wave of the survey were more likely than adults who did not use marijuana to develop an alcohol use disorder within 3 years; people who used marijuana and already had an alcohol use disorder at the outset were at greater risk of their alcohol use disorder worsening. Marijuana use is also linked to other substance use disorders including nicotine addiction."<a href="#cite_note-marijuanagateway-309">[305]</a> It also reported that "These findings are consistent with the idea of marijuana as a "gateway drug". However, the majority of people who use marijuana do not go on to use other, "harder" substances. Also, cross-sensitization is not unique to marijuana. Alcohol and nicotine also prime the brain for a heightened response to other drugs and are, like marijuana, also typically used before a person progresses to other, more harmful substances."<a href="#cite_note-marijuanagateway-309">[305]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_research" title="Medical cannabis research">Medical cannabis research</a></div> Research on cannabis is challenging since the plant is <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis" title="Legality of cannabis">illegal in most countries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-310">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[310]</a> Research-grade samples of the drug are difficult to obtain for research purposes, unless granted under authority of national regulatory agencies, such as the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fda20-315">[311]</a> There are also other difficulties in researching the effects of cannabis. Many people who smoke cannabis also smoke tobacco.<a href="#cite_note-316">[312]</a> This causes confounding factors, where questions arise as to whether the tobacco, the cannabis, or both that have caused a cancer. Another difficulty researchers have is in recruiting people who smoke cannabis into studies. Because cannabis is an illegal drug in many countries, people may be reluctant to take part in research, and if they do agree to take part, they may not say how much cannabis they actually smoke.<a href="#cite_note-317">[313]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_rights" title="Cannabis rights">Cannabis rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cannabis_terms" title="Glossary of cannabis terms">Glossary of cannabis terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_cannabis" title="List of books about cannabis">List of books about cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_celebrities_who_own_cannabis_businesses" title="List of celebrities who own cannabis businesses">List of celebrities who own cannabis businesses</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> Footnotes <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Pure <a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety (botany)">varieties</a> of C. ruderalis are rarely used for recreational purposes.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Psychotic episodes are well-documented and typically resolve within minutes or hours, while symptoms may last longer.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> The use of a single joint can temporarily induce some psychiatric symptoms.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> A 2016 review also found a statistically significant increase in crash risk associated with marijuana use, but noted that this risk was "of low to medium magnitude."<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> The increase in risk of motor vehicle crash for cannabis use is between 2 and 3 times relative to baseline, whereas that for comparable doses of alcohol is between 6 and 15 times.<a href="#cite_note-hall2015-59">[57]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> Advocates of legalizing marijuana for recreational use, such as former Illinois state Senator <a href="/wiki/Heather_Steans" title="Heather Steans">Heather Steans</a>, say that legalizing it would help reduce such hazardous added drugs: "Over 95 percent are buying it on the black market. You don't know what you're buying. It's not a safe product. We've seen it laced with rat poison, fentanyl, all sorts of things. It's funding the cartels and other criminal activity."<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> </li> </ol></div> Citations <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCervantes2006" class="citation book cs1">Cervantes, Jorge (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marijuanahorticu00jorg/page/12">Marijuana Horticulture: The Indoor/Outdoor Medical Grower's Bible</a> (5th ed.). Van Patten Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marijuanahorticu00jorg/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781878823236" title="Special:BookSources/9781878823236"><bdi>9781878823236</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marijuana+Horticulture%3A+The+Indoor%2FOutdoor+Medical+Grower%27s+Bible&rft.pages=12&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Van+Patten+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781878823236&rft.aulast=Cervantes&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarijuanahorticu00jorg%2Fpage%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/cannabis?q=cannabis">"cannabis noun – Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com"</a>. www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Retrieved 10 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com&rft.atitle=cannabis+noun+%E2%80%93+Definition%2C+pictures%2C+pronunciation+and+usage+notes+%7C+Oxford+Advanced+Learner%27s+Dictionary+at+OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fcannabis%3Fq%3Dcannabis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/marijuana">"marijuana noun – Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com"</a>. www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Retrieved 18 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com&rft.atitle=marijuana+noun+%E2%80%93+Definition%2C+pictures%2C+pronunciation+and+usage+notes+%7C+Oxford+Advanced+Learner%27s+Dictionary+at+OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fmarijuana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShrivastavaJohnstonTsuang2011" class="citation journal cs1">Shrivastava, Amresh; Johnston, Megan; Tsuang, Ming (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3221171">"Cannabis use and cognitive dysfunction"</a>. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 53 (3): 187–191. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0019-5545.86796">10.4103/0019-5545.86796</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-5545">0019-5545</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3221171">3221171</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22135433">22135433</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Cannabis+use+and+cognitive+dysfunction&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=187-191&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3221171%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0019-5545&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22135433&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4103%2F0019-5545.86796&rft.aulast=Shrivastava&rft.aufirst=Amresh&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Megan&rft.au=Tsuang%2C+Ming&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3221171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2016" class="citation book cs1">Gray, Stephen (9 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GmEoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT69">Cannabis and Spirituality: An Explorer's Guide to an Ancient Plant Spirit Ally</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62055-584-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62055-584-2"><bdi>978-1-62055-584-2</bdi></a>. <q>Cannabis is called kaneh bosem in Hebrew, which is now recognized as the Scythian word that Herodotus wrote as kánnabis (or cannabis).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cannabis+and+Spirituality%3A+An+Explorer%27s+Guide+to+an+Ancient+Plant+Spirit+Ally&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2016-12-09&rft.isbn=978-1-62055-584-2&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGmEoDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-r980-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r980_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-r980_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-r980_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-r980_7-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiegelEllens2014" class="citation book cs1">Riegel, A.; Ellens, J.H. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V6nOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT80">Seeking the Sacred with Psychoactive Substances: Chemical Paths to Spirituality and to God [2 volumes]</a>. Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8-216-14310-9" title="Special:BookSources/979-8-216-14310-9"><bdi>979-8-216-14310-9</bdi></a>. 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Neuropsychology Review. 26 (2): 186–222. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11065-016-9316-2">10.1007/s11065-016-9316-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27125202">27125202</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4335379">4335379</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropsychology+Review&rft.atitle=Weighing+the+Evidence%3A+A+Systematic+Review+on+Long-Term+Neurocognitive+Effects+of+Cannabis+Use+in+Abstinent+Adolescents+and+Adults&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=186-222&rft.date=2016-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4335379%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27125202&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11065-016-9316-2&rft.aulast=Ganzer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Br%C3%B6ning%2C+S&rft.au=Kraft%2C+S&rft.au=Sack%2C+PM&rft.au=Thomasius%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gold2017-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gold2017_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gold2017_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldenbergIsHakDanovitch2017" class="citation journal cs1">Goldenberg M, IsHak WW, Danovitch I (January 2017). 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Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-9438-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-9438-6"><bdi>978-1-4094-9438-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Wide+Weed%3A+Global+Trends+in+Cannabis+Cultivation+and+its+Control&rft.pages=17&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-9438-6&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.au=Bouchard%2C+Martin&rft.au=Decorte%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DENOhAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HallPacula2003-168"><a href="#cite_ref-HallPacula2003_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallPacula2003" class="citation book cs1">Hall W, Pacula RL (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CannabisUseAndDependence">Cannabis Use and Dependence: Public Health and Public Policy</a>. 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United Nations Publications. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-1-148242-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-1-148242-3"><bdi>978-92-1-148242-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recommended+Methods+for+the+Identification+and+Analysis+of+Cannabis+and+Cannabis+Products&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=United+Nations+Publications&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-92-1-148242-3&rft.au=United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4rFqzQEACAAJ%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houck2015-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Houck2015_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houck2015_170-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouck2015" class="citation book cs1">Houck MM (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=POpDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA131">Forensic Chemistry</a>. 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QUICK AMER Publishing Company. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-932551-52-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-932551-52-8"><bdi>978-0-932551-52-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ask+Ed%3A+Marijuana+Gold%3A+Trash+to+Stash&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=QUICK+AMER+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-932551-52-8&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH_QDJ7CWf2sC%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090605025019/http://www.cannabisculture.com/articles/4220.html">"Kief"</a>. 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Chronicle Books. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4521-0133-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4521-0133-0"><bdi>978-1-4521-0133-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+High+Times+Cannabis+Cookbook%3A+More+Than+50+Irresistible+Recipes+That+Will+Get+You+High&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4521-0133-0&rft.aulast=McDonough&rft.aufirst=Elise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW-vas6K75YYC%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSociedad_de_Psiquiatría_y_Neurología_de_la_infancia_y_la_Adolescencia2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sociedad de Psiquiatría y Neurología de la infancia y la Adolescencia (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3dViDwAAQBAJ">Marihuana: Consensos y evidencias sobre su impacto en la salud</a> (in Spanish). 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J. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ecq-AAAAIAAJ">Por un Perú mejor: exposiciones y debates del Primer Programa de Alta Especialización para Parlamentarios</a> (in Spanish). Universidad del Pacífico. Centro de Investigación, Asociación Acción y Pensamiento Democrático (Lima, Peru), Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Internationales Institut. p. 206. 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Princeton University Press. p. 362. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-05887-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-05887-0"><bdi>978-0-691-05887-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Horse%2C+the+Wheel%2C+and+Language%3A+How+Bronze-Age+Riders+from+the+Eurasian+Steppes+Shaped+the+Modern+World&rft.pages=362&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-691-05887-0&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmTxQmQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllens2014" class="citation book cs1">Ellens, J. Harold (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nBvFBAAAQBAJ">Seeking the Sacred with Psychoactive Substances: Chemical Paths to Spirituality and to God</a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 24, 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1440830884" title="Special:BookSources/978-1440830884"><bdi>978-1440830884</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeking+the+Sacred+with+Psychoactive+Substances%3A+Chemical+Paths+to+Spirituality+and+to+God&rft.pages=24%2C+31&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1440830884&rft.aulast=Ellens&rft.aufirst=J.+Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnBvFBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rudgley-Encyclopedia-198"><a href="#cite_ref-Rudgley-Encyclopedia_198-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudgley1998" class="citation book cs1">Rudgley R (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huxley.net/soma/index.html">"Soma"</a>. The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Substances. Little, Brown and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-349-11127-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-349-11127-8"><bdi>978-0-349-11127-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Soma&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Psychoactive+Substances&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-349-11127-8&rft.aulast=Rudgley&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huxley.net%2Fsoma%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranck1997" class="citation book cs1">Franck M (1997). Marijuana Grower's Guide. Red Eye Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-929349-03-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-929349-03-9"><bdi>978-0-929349-03-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marijuana+Grower%27s+Guide&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Red+Eye+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-929349-03-9&rft.aulast=Franck&rft.aufirst=Mel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin1976" class="citation book cs1">Rubin VD (1976). Cannabis and Culture. Campus Verlag. p. 305. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-593-37442-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-593-37442-0"><bdi>978-3-593-37442-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cannabis+and+Culture&rft.pages=305&rft.pub=Campus+Verlag&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-3-593-37442-0&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Vera+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunliffe2001" class="citation book cs1">Cunliffe BW (2001). The Oxford Illustrated History of Prehistoric Europe. Oxford University Press. p. 405. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-285441-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-285441-4"><bdi>978-0-19-285441-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Illustrated+History+of+Prehistoric+Europe&rft.pages=405&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-285441-4&rft.aulast=Cunliffe&rft.aufirst=Barry+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchultes1976" class="citation book cs1">Schultes, Richard Evans (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hallucinogenicpl00schu_0/page/34">Hallucinogenic Plants</a>. Illustrated by Elmer W. Smith. New York: Golden Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hallucinogenicpl00schu_0/page/34">34</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-24362-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-24362-1"><bdi>978-0-307-24362-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hallucinogenic+Plants&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Golden+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-307-24362-1&rft.aulast=Schultes&rft.aufirst=Richard+Evans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhallucinogenicpl00schu_0%2Fpage%2F34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vice-203"><a href="#cite_ref-vice_203-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaelens,_Stefanie2015" class="citation web cs1">Staelens, Stefanie (10 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://munchies.vice.com/en_us/article/kbx94a/httpmunchies-vice-comarticlesthe-bhang-lassi-is-how-hindus-drink-themselves-high-for-shiva">"The Bhang Lassi Is How Hindus Drink Themselves High for Shiva"</a>. Vice.com. Retrieved 10 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice.com&rft.atitle=The+Bhang+Lassi+Is+How+Hindus+Drink+Themselves+High+for+Shiva&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.au=Staelens%2C+Stefanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmunchies.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2Fkbx94a%2Fhttpmunchies-vice-comarticlesthe-bhang-lassi-is-how-hindus-drink-themselves-high-for-shiva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVij2012" class="citation book cs1">Vij (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vp8FAsnfGF4C&pg=PT672">Textbook Of Forensic Medicine And Toxicology: Principles And Practice</a>. Elsevier India. p. 672. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-312-1129-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-312-1129-8"><bdi>978-81-312-1129-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textbook+Of+Forensic+Medicine+And+Toxicology%3A+Principles+And+Practice&rft.pages=672&rft.pub=Elsevier+India&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-81-312-1129-8&rft.au=Vij&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVp8FAsnfGF4C%26pg%3DPT672&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988">See also article on <a href="/wiki/Marijuana_(word)" title="Marijuana (word)">Marijuana as a word</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Shorter_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Shorter Oxford English Dictionary">Shorter Oxford English Dictionary</a> (6th ed.), Oxford University Press, 2007, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920687-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-920687-2"><bdi>978-0-19-920687-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shorter+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-920687-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenTangWuSpengler2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ren M, Tang Z, Wu X, Spengler R, Jiang H, Yang Y, Boivin N (June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6561734">"The origins of cannabis smoking: Chemical residue evidence from the first millennium BCE in the Pamirs"</a>. Science Advances. 5 (6): eaaw1391. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019SciA....5.1391R">2019SciA....5.1391R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.aaw1391">10.1126/sciadv.aaw1391</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6561734">6561734</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31206023">31206023</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=The+origins+of+cannabis+smoking%3A+Chemical+residue+evidence+from+the+first+millennium+BCE+in+the+Pamirs&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=eaaw1391&rft.date=2019-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6561734%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31206023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.aaw1391&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019SciA....5.1391R&rft.aulast=Ren&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Tang%2C+Z&rft.au=Wu%2C+X&rft.au=Spengler%2C+R&rft.au=Jiang%2C+H&rft.au=Yang%2C+Y&rft.au=Boivin%2C+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6561734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NatGeo2019Jun-207"><a href="#cite_ref-NatGeo2019Jun_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonahue2019" class="citation web cs1">Donahue, Michelle (12 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190613054237/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2019/06/earliest-evidence-cannabis-marijuana-smoking-china-tombs/">"Earliest evidence for cannabis smoking discovered in ancient tombs"</a>. National Geographic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2019/06/earliest-evidence-cannabis-marijuana-smoking-china-tombs/">the original</a> on 13 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Earliest+evidence+for+cannabis+smoking+discovered+in+ancient+tombs&rft.date=2019-06-12&rft.aulast=Donahue&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fculture%2F2019%2F06%2Fearliest-evidence-cannabis-marijuana-smoking-china-tombs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalton1938" class="citation book cs1">Walton RP (1938). Marijuana, America's New Drug Problem. JB Lippincott. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marijuana%2C+America%27s+New+Drug+Problem&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=JB+Lippincott&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=Robert+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaymiyya2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyya" title="Ibn Taymiyya">Taymiyya I</a> (2001). Le haschich et l'extase (in French). Beyrouth: Albouraq. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84161-174-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84161-174-4"><bdi>978-2-84161-174-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+haschich+et+l%27extase&rft.place=Beyrouth&rft.pub=Albouraq&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-2-84161-174-4&rft.aulast=Taymiyya&rft.aufirst=Ibn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rubin1975-210"><a href="#cite_ref-Rubin1975_210-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin1975" class="citation book cs1">Rubin V (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gCRNRGOhNA4C&pg=PA77">Cannabis and Culture</a>. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 77–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-081206-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-081206-0"><bdi>978-3-11-081206-0</bdi></a>. <q>Cannabis Smoking in 13th-14th Century Ethiopia: Chemical Evidence</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cannabis+and+Culture&rft.pages=77-&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-3-11-081206-0&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Vera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgCRNRGOhNA4C%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooth2004" class="citation book cs1">Booth, Martin (2004). Cannabis: A History. Picador. p. 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cannabis%3A+A+History&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_E._Newton2017" class="citation book cs1">David E. Newton (2017). Marijuana: A Reference Handbook, 2nd Edition. p. 325.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marijuana%3A+A+Reference+Handbook%2C+2nd+Edition&rft.pages=325&rft.date=2017&rft.au=David+E.+Newton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEileen_Konieczny,_Lauren_Wilson2018" class="citation book cs1">Eileen Konieczny, Lauren Wilson (2018). 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Retrieved 26 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Research+UK+%28CRUK%29&rft.atitle=Does+smoking+cannabis+cause+cancer%3F&rft.date=2017-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancerresearchuk.org%2Fcancer-help%2Fabout-cancer%2Fcancer-questions%2Fdoes-smoking-cannabis-cause-cancer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACannabis+%28drug%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" 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href="/wiki/Cannabis_ruderalis" title="Cannabis ruderalis">ruderalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_sativa" title="Cannabis sativa">sativa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_defenses_in_Cannabis" title="Chemical defenses in Cannabis">Chemical defenses in Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_consumption" title="Cannabis consumption">Consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_CBD_to_THC" title="Conversion of CBD to THC">Conversion of CBD to THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_cultivation" title="Cannabis cultivation">Cultivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cannabis_terms" title="Glossary of cannabis terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_names_for_cannabis" title="List of names for cannabis">Names</a> (<a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_cannabis" title="Etymology of cannabis">cannabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagga" title="Dagga">dagga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganja" title="Ganja">ganja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marijuana_(word)" 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title="Hemp">Hemp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanfparade" title="Hanfparade">Hanfparade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hemp_diseases" title="List of hemp diseases">List of hemp diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hemp_products" title="List of hemp products">List of hemp products</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hempcrete" title="Hempcrete">hempcrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_jewelry" title="Hemp jewelry">jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_milk" title="Hemp milk">milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_oil" title="Hemp oil">oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_paper" title="Hemp paper">paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_paper" title="Rolling paper">rolling paper</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hemp_varieties" title="List of hemp varieties">List of hemp varieties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_for_Victory" title="Hemp for Victory">Hemp for Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_Industries_Association" title="Hemp Industries Association">Hemp Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_Wears_No_Clothes" title="The Emperor Wears No Clothes">The Emperor Wears No Clothes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_edible" title="Cannabis edible">Cannabis edible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhang" title="Bhang">Bhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_tea" title="Cannabis tea">Cannabis tea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_smoking" title="Cannabis smoking">Cannabis smoking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_(cannabis)" title="Joint (cannabis)">Joint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporizer_(inhalation_device)" title="Vaporizer (inhalation device)">Vaporizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_concentrate" title="Cannabis concentrate">Cannabis concentrate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_flower_essential_oil" title="Cannabis flower essential oil">Essential oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charas" title="Charas">Charas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">Hashish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hash_oil" title="Hash oil">Hash oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kief" title="Kief">Kief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_of_cannabis" title="Tincture of cannabis">Tincture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marihuana_prensada" title="Marihuana prensada">Marihuana prensada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_phytocannabinoids" title="Comparison of phytocannabinoids">Phytocannabinoids</a> <ul><li>Quasi-psychedelic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Δ-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol">delta-8-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Δ-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol">delta-10-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabihexol" title="Tetrahydrocannabihexol">THCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabiphorol" title="Tetrahydrocannabiphorol">THCP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">CBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabihexol" title="Tetrahydrocannabihexol">CBDH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiphorol" title="Cannabidiphorol">CBDP</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis" title="Effects of cannabis">Effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amotivational_syndrome" title="Amotivational syndrome">Amotivational syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_pregnancy" title="Cannabis in pregnancy">Cannabis in pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_use_disorder" title="Cannabis use disorder">Cannabis use disorder</a> (CUD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_hyperemesis_syndrome" title="Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome">Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome</a> (CHS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_endocannabinoid_deficiency_syndrome" title="Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome">Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entourage_effect" title="Entourage effect">Entourage effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_system" title="Endocannabinoid system">Endocannabinoid system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_impaired_driving" title="Cannabis and impaired driving">Impaired driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_time_perception" title="Cannabis and time perception">Time perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis" title="Long-term effects of cannabis">Long-term effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_concerns_of_cannabis_use" title="Occupational health concerns of cannabis use">Occupational health concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_research" title="Medical cannabis research">Medical cannabis research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_culture" title="Cannabis culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/420_(cannabis_culture)" title="420 (cannabis culture)">420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budtender" title="Budtender">Budtender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_by_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis by Country">Cannabis by Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_cookbook" title="Cannabis cookbook">Cookbooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_etiquette" title="Cannabis etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Social_Club" title="Cannabis Social Club">Cannabis Social Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_shop" title="Head shop">Head shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_cannabis" title="List of books about cannabis">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Culture_(magazine)" title="Cannabis Culture (magazine)">Cannabis Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_columns" title="List of cannabis columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_competitions" title="List of cannabis competitions">Competitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_hoaxes" title="List of cannabis hoaxes">List of cannabis hoaxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_cannabis" title="Category:Films about cannabis">Films</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner film</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Times" title="High Times">High Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cannabis_music" title="Category:Cannabis music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_religion" title="Cannabis and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_restaurant_industry" title="Cannabis in the restaurant industry">Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_sports" title="Cannabis and sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overgrow" title="Operation Overgrow">Operation Overgrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke-in" title="Smoke-in">Smoke-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_TV" title="Stoner TV">Stoner TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_video_game_culture" title="Cannabis and video game culture">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_rights_organizations" title="List of cannabis rights organizations">Cannabis rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Cannabis_Therapeutics" title="Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics">ACT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aotearoa_Legalise_Cannabis_Party" title="Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party">ALCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Marijuana_Association" title="American Medical Marijuana Association">AMMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Safe_Access" title="Americans for Safe Access">ASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Action_Network" title="Cannabis Action Network">CAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Badged_Network" title="Colorado Badged Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Law_Reform" title="Cannabis Law Reform">CLEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Rescheduling_Cannabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition for Rescheduling Cannabis">CRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagga_Couple" title="Dagga Couple">Dagga Couple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors_for_Cannabis_Regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctors for Cannabis Regulation">DFCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Policy_Alliance" title="Drug Policy Alliance">DPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENCOD" class="mw-redirect" title="ENCOD">ENCOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAAAT_think_%26_do_tank" title="FAAAT think & do tank">FAAAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Cannabis_Association" title="Finnish Cannabis Association">FCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Legalisation_Movement_India" title="Great Legalisation Movement India">GLM India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Marijuana_March" title="Global Marijuana March">GMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Action_Partnership" title="Law Enforcement Action Partnership">LEAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multidisciplinary_Association_for_Psychedelic_Studies" title="Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies">MAPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Policy_Project" title="Marijuana Policy Project">MPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cannabis_Industry_Association" title="National Cannabis Industry Association">NCIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_the_Reform_of_Marijuana_Laws" title="National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws">NORML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NORML_France" title="NORML France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORML_New_Zealand" title="NORML New Zealand">NZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORML_UK" title="NORML UK">UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safer_Alternative_for_Enjoyable_Recreation" title="Safer Alternative for Enjoyable Recreation">SAFER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Cannabis_Clinicians" title="Society of Cannabis Clinicians">SCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_Sensible_Drug_Policy" title="Students for Sensible Drug Policy">SSDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_for_Medical_Cannabis_Access" title="Veterans for Medical Cannabis Access">VMCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Cannabinoid_Medicines" title="International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines">IACM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cannabinoid_Research_Society" title="International Cannabinoid Research Society">ICRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Center_for_Ethnobotanical_Education,_Research_and_Service" title="International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service">ICEERS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_lifetime_cannabis_use_by_country" title="Adult lifetime cannabis use by country">Adult lifetime use by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_cannabis_use_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Annual cannabis use by country">Annual use by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bootleggers_and_Baptists#Cannabis" title="Bootleggers and Baptists">Bootleggers and Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_rights" title="Cannabis rights">Cannabis rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_rights_leaders" title="List of cannabis rights leaders">Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_cannabis_trafficking" title="Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking">Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_legalized_cannabis" title="Effects of legalized cannabis">Effects of legalized cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Marijuana_March" title="Global Marijuana March">Global Marijuana March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis" title="Legality of cannabis">Legality of cannabis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_control_treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug control treaties">Internationally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_regulatory_agencies" title="List of cannabis regulatory agencies">Regulatory agencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs">1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances" title="Convention on Psychotropic Substances">1971 Vienna Convention on Psychotropic Substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_Against_Illicit_Traffic_in_Narcotic_Drugs_and_Psychotropic_Substances" title="United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances">1998 UN Convention on Illicit Trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li>In the U.S. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legal history of cannabis in the United States">Legal history in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marihuana_Tax_Act_of_1937" title="Marihuana Tax Act of 1937">Marihuana Tax Act of 1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_law" title="Timeline of cannabis law">Timeline of cannabis law</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major legal reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Treaty law: <a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961" title="Removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961">Rescheduling of cannabis in 2020</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Act" title="Cannabis Act">2018 Cannabis Act</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/German_cannabis_control_bill" title="German cannabis control bill">German cannabis control bill</a></li> <li>UK: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_classification_in_the_United_Kingdom#Return_to_class_B" title="Cannabis classification in the United Kingdom">Return to class B</a></li> <li>Uruguay: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Uruguay" title="Cannabis in Uruguay">Law No. 19172</a></li> <li>US: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act">Rescheduling per the Controlled Substances Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_Farming_Act_of_2018" title="Hemp Farming Act of 2018">Hemp Farming Act of 2018</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians and parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_political_parties" title="Cannabis political parties">Cannabis political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_political_parties_of_the_United_States" title="Cannabis political parties of the United States">of the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_political_parties_of_Minnesota" title="Cannabis political parties of Minnesota">of Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Party_(Spain)" title="Cannabis Party (Spain)">of Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_politicians_who_have_acknowledged_cannabis_use" title="List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use">List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_politicians_who_have_acknowledged_cannabis_use" title="List of United States politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use">List of American politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ker_v._California" title="Ker v. California">Ker v. California</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leary_v._United_States" title="Leary v. United States">Leary v. United States</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyllo_v._United_States" title="Kyllo v. United States">Kyllo v. United States</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzales_v._Raich" title="Gonzales v. Raich">Gonzales v. Raich</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADPF_187" title="ADPF 187">ADPF 187</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Drug liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry</a></li> <li>Substances <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_antagonist" title="Cannabinoid receptor antagonist">Cannabinoid receptor antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_enhancer" title="Endocannabinoid enhancer">Endocannabinoid enhancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor">Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Cannabis_leaf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/15px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/22px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/30px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="546" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cannabis" title="Portal:Cannabis">Cannabis portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cannabis" title="Category:Cannabis">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cannabinoids" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cannabinoids" title="Template:Cannabinoids"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cannabinoids" title="Template talk:Cannabinoids"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabinoids" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabinoids"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cannabinoids" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid" title="Cannabinoid">Cannabinoids</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid#Phytocannabinoids" title="Cannabinoid">Phytocannabinoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_phytocannabinoids" title="Comparison of phytocannabinoids">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cannabibutols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabibutol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabibutol (page does not exist)">CBB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cannabichromenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabichromene" title="Cannabichromene">CBC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabichromenic_acid" title="Cannabichromenic acid">CBCA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabichromenic_acid#Cannabichromenic_acid_A" title="Cannabichromenic acid">CBCA-A</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabichromebutol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabichromebutol (page does not exist)">CBCB</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabichromebutolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabichromebutolic acid (page does not exist)">CBCBA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabichromephorol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabichromephorol (page does not exist)">CBCP</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabichromephorolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabichromephorolic acid (page does not exist)">CBCPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabichromevarin" title="Cannabichromevarin">CBCV</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabichromevarinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabichromevarinic acid (page does not exist)">CBCVA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabichromenquinone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabichromenquinone (page does not exist)">CBCQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cannabicyclols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabicyclol" title="Cannabicyclol">CBL</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabicyclolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabicyclolic acid (page does not exist)">CBLA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabicyclobutol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabicyclobutol (page does not exist)">CBLB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabicyclophorol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabicyclophorol (page does not exist)">CBLP</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabicyclophorolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabicyclophorolic acid (page does not exist)">CBLPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabicyclovarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabicyclovarin (page does not exist)">CBLV</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabicyclovarinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabicyclovarinic acid (page does not exist)">CBLVA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cannabidiols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">CBD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiolic_acid" title="Cannabidiolic acid">CBDA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiorcol" title="Cannabidiorcol">CBD-C1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=(%E2%88%92)-Cannabidiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(−)-Cannabidiol (page does not exist)">CBD-C5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidibutol" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabidibutol">CBDB</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabidibutolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabidibutolic acid (page does not exist)">CBDBA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol_dimethyl_ether" title="Cannabidiol dimethyl ether">CBDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidihexol" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabidihexol">CBDH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiphorol" title="Cannabidiphorol">CBDP</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabidiphorolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabidiphorolic acid (page does not exist)">CBDPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabidiol_monomethyl_ether&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabidiol monomethyl ether (page does not exist)">CBDM</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabidiolic_acid_monomethyl_ether&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabidiolic acid monomethyl ether (page does not exist)">CBDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidivarin" title="Cannabidivarin">CBDV</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabidivarinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabidivarinic acid (page does not exist)">CBDVA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabidiolquinone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabidiolquinone (page does not exist)">CBDQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cannabielsoins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabielsoin" title="Cannabielsoin">CBE</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabielsoin_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabielsoin acid (page does not exist)">CBEA</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabielsoic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabielsoic acid (page does not exist)">CBEA-A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabielsoic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabielsoic acid (page does not exist)">CBEA-B</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabielsobutol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabielsobutol (page does not exist)">CBEB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabielsophorol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabielsophorol (page does not exist)">CBEP</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabielsophorolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabielsophorolic acid (page does not exist)">CBEPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabielsovarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabielsovarin (page does not exist)">CBEV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cannabigerols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerol" title="Cannabigerol">CBG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerolic_acid" title="Cannabigerolic acid">CBGA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabigerobutol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabigerobutol (page does not exist)">CBGB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabigerobutolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabigerobutolic acid (page does not exist)">CBGBA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabigerolic_monoethyl_ether&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabigerolic monoethyl ether (page does not exist)">CBGM</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabigerolic_acid_monomethyl_ether&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabigerolic acid monomethyl ether (page does not exist)">CBGAM</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabigerophorol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabigerophorol (page does not exist)">CBGP</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabigerophorolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabigerophorolic acid (page does not exist)">CBGPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabinerol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabinerol (page does not exist)">CBNR</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabinerolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabinerolic acid (page does not exist)">CBNRA</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabinerolic_acid_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabinerolic acid A (page does not exist)">CBNRA-A</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerovarin" title="Cannabigerovarin">CBGV</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabigerovarinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabigerovarinic acid (page does not exist)">CBGVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabigerovarinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabigerovarinic acid (page does not exist)">CBGVA-A</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabigeroquinone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabigeroquinone (page does not exist)">CBGQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cannabiphorols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabiphorol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabiphorol (page does not exist)">CBP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cannabinols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinol" title="Cannabinol">CBN</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabinolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabinolic acid (page does not exist)">CBNA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabiorcool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabiorcool (page does not exist)">CBN-C1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabinol-C2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabinol-C2 (page does not exist)">CBN-C2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabinol-C4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabinol-C4 (page does not exist)">CBN-C4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabinol_methyl_ether&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabinol methyl ether (page does not exist)">CBNM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinodiol" title="Cannabinodiol">CBND</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabinodiolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabinodiolic acid (page does not exist)">CBNDA</a></li></ul></li> <li>CBNP <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabinophorolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabinophorolic acid (page does not exist)">CBNPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabinodivarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabinodivarin (page does not exist)">CBVD</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabinodivarinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabinodivarinic acid (page does not exist)">CBVDA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cannabitriols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabitriol" title="Cannabitriol">CBT</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabitriolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabitriolic acid (page does not exist)">CBTA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabicitrabutol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabicitrabutol (page does not exist)">CBTB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabitriolvarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabitriolvarin (page does not exist)">CBTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabitriolvarinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabitriolvarinic acid (page does not exist)">CBTVA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabicitraphorol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabicitraphorol (page does not exist)">CBTP</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabitriophorolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabitriophorolic acid (page does not exist)">CBTPA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cannabivarins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabivarin" title="Cannabivarin">CBV</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabivarinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabivarinic acid (page does not exist)">CBVA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol">Delta-8-THC</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (page does not exist)">Delta-8-THCA</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (page does not exist)">Delta-8-THCA-A</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabibutol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabibutol (page does not exist)">Delta-8-THCB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabiphorol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabiphorol (page does not exist)">Delta-8-THCP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabivarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabivarin (page does not exist)">Delta-8-THCV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">Delta-9-THC</a> (THC) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid" title="Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid">THCA</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid_monomethyl_ether&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid monomethyl ether (page does not exist)">THCMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid#Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid_A" title="Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid">THCA-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid#Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid_B" title="Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid">THCA-B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrahydrocannabibutolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrahydrocannabibutolic acid (page does not exist)">THCBA</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid-C4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-C4 (page does not exist)">THCA-C4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabiorcol" title="Tetrahydrocannabiorcol">THCC</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcolic acid (page does not exist)">THCA-C1</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcolic acid (page does not exist)">THCA-A-C1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabiorcolic acid (page does not exist)">THCA-B-C1</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabutol" title="Tetrahydrocannabutol">THCB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabihexol" title="Tetrahydrocannabihexol">THCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabiphorol" title="Tetrahydrocannabiphorol">THCP</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrahydrocannabiphorolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrahydrocannabiphorolic acid (page does not exist)">THCPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabivarin" title="Tetrahydrocannabivarin">THCV</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrahydrocannabivarinic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (page does not exist)">THCVA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrahydrocannabinoquinone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrahydrocannabinoquinone (page does not exist)">THCQ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Delta-10-Tetrahydrocannabinols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol">Delta-10-THC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Miscellaneous cannabinoids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%948-iso-THC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Δ8-iso-THC (page does not exist)">Δ8-iso-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%944(8)-iso-THC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Δ4(8)-iso-THC (page does not exist)">Δ4(8)-iso-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7,8-Dihydrocannabinol" title="7,8-Dihydrocannabinol">7,8-Dihydrocannabinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8,9-Dihydrocannabidiol" title="8,9-Dihydrocannabidiol">8,9-Dihydrocannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabichromanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabichromanon (page does not exist)">CBCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabicitran" title="Cannabicitran">Cannabicitran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabifuran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabifuran (page does not exist)">CBF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabiglendol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabiglendol (page does not exist)">Cannabiglendol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabimovone" title="Cannabimovone">CBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabiripsol" title="Cannabiripsol">CBR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabiripsophorolic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabiripsophorolic acid (page does not exist)">CBRPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllene" title="Caryophyllene">Caryophyllene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dehydrocannabifuran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dehydrocannabifuran (page does not exist)">DCBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinacea" title="Echinacea">Alkylamides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigallocatechin_gallate" title="Epigallocatechin gallate">Epigallocatechin gallate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallocatechol" title="Gallocatechol">Gallocatechol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexahydrocannabinol" title="Hexahydrocannabinol">Hexahydrocannabinol</a> (HHC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrottetinene" title="Perrottetinene">Perrottetinene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serinolamide_A" title="Serinolamide A">Serinolamide A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangonin" title="Yangonin">Yangonin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Active metabolites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3%27-Hydroxy-THC" title="3'-Hydroxy-THC">3'-OH-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Hydroxycannabidiol" title="7-Hydroxycannabidiol">7-OH-CBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8,11-Dihydroxytetrahydrocannabinol" title="8,11-Dihydroxytetrahydrocannabinol">8,11-DiOH-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Nor-9-carboxy-THC" title="11-Nor-9-carboxy-THC">11-COOH-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-OH-CBN" class="mw-redirect" title="11-OH-CBN">11-OH-CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-OH-HHC" class="mw-redirect" title="11-OH-HHC">11-OH-HHC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Hydroxy-Delta-8-THC" class="mw-redirect" title="11-Hydroxy-Delta-8-THC">11-OH-Δ8-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Hydroxy-THC" title="11-Hydroxy-THC">11-OH-Δ9-THC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_system" title="Endocannabinoid system">Endocannabinoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; anandamide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonoylglycerol" title="2-Arachidonoylglycerol">2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonyl_glyceryl_ether" title="2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether">2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether (2-AGE; noladin ether)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Oleoylglycerol" title="2-Oleoylglycerol">2-Oleoylglycerol (2-OG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine" title="N-Arachidonoyl dopamine">N-Arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonylglycine" title="N-Arachidonylglycine">N-Arachidonylglycine (NAGly)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Arachidonoyl_lysophosphatidylinositol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidylinositol (page does not exist)">2-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidylinositol (2-ALPI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonoyl_serotonin" title="Arachidonoyl serotonin">N-Arachidonoyl serotonin (AA-5-HT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docosatetraenoylethanolamide" title="Docosatetraenoylethanolamide">Docosatetraenoylethanolamide (DEA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidylinositol" title="Lysophosphatidylinositol">Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleamide" title="Oleamide">Oleamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleoylethanolamide" title="Oleoylethanolamide">Oleoylethanolamide (OEA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmitoylethanolamide" title="Palmitoylethanolamide">Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RVD-Hp%CE%B1" title="RVD-Hpα">RVD-Hpα</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stearoylethanolamide" title="Stearoylethanolamide">Stearoylethanolamide (SEA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virodhamine" title="Virodhamine">O-Arachidonoyl ethanolamine (O-AEA; virodhamine)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_cannabinoids" title="Synthetic cannabinoids">Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists / neocannabinoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Classical cannabinoids (dibenzopyrans)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1,2-Didehydro-3-oxo-THCO" title="1,2-Didehydro-3-oxo-THCO">1,2-Didehydro-3-oxo-THCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9-OH-HHC" class="mw-redirect" title="9-OH-HHC">9-OH-HHC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9-Nor-9%CE%B2-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol" title="9-Nor-9β-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol">9-Nor-9β-HHC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-40174" title="A-40174">A-40174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-41988" title="A-41988">A-41988</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-42574&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-42574 (page does not exist)">A-42574</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajulemic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajulemic acid">Ajulemic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-087" title="AM-087">AM-087</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-411" title="AM-411">AM-411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-855" title="AM-855">AM-855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-905" title="AM-905">AM-905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-906" title="AM-906">AM-906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-919" title="AM-919">AM-919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-926" class="mw-redirect" title="AM-926">AM-926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-938" title="AM-938">AM-938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-2389" title="AM-2389">AM-2389</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-4030" title="AM-4030">AM-4030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-7438" title="AM-7438">AM-7438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-11245" title="AM-11245">AM-11245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMG-1" title="AMG-1">AMG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMG-3" title="AMG-3">AMG-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMG-36" title="AMG-36">AMG-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMG-41" title="AMG-41">AMG-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_42,096" title="CP 42,096">CP 42,096</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta-3-Tetrahydrocannabinol" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta-3-Tetrahydrocannabinol">Delta-3-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta-4-Tetrahydrocannabinol" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta-4-Tetrahydrocannabinol">Delta-4-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta-7-Tetrahydrocannabinol" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta-7-Tetrahydrocannabinol">Delta-7-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol">Delta-10-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexanabinol" title="Dexanabinol">Dexanabinol (HU-211)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylheptylpyran" title="Dimethylheptylpyran">DMHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dronabinol" title="Dronabinol">Dronabinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HU-210" title="HU-210">HU-210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HU-243" title="HU-243">HU-243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-051" title="JWH-051">JWH-051</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-056&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-056 (page does not exist)">JWH-056</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-057" title="JWH-057">JWH-057</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-065&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-065 (page does not exist)">JWH-065</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-091" class="mw-redirect" title="JWH-091">JWH-091</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-102&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-102 (page does not exist)">JWH-102</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-103&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-103 (page does not exist)">JWH-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-124" class="mw-redirect" title="JWH-124">JWH-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-130" class="mw-redirect" title="JWH-130">JWH-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-133" title="JWH-133">JWH-133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-138" title="JWH-138">JWH-138</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-139&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-139 (page does not exist)">JWH-139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-142" class="mw-redirect" title="JWH-142">JWH-142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-143" class="mw-redirect" title="JWH-143">JWH-143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-161" title="JWH-161">JWH-161</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-186&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-186 (page does not exist)">JWH-186</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-187&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-187 (page does not exist)">JWH-187</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-188&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-188 (page does not exist)">JWH-188</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-189&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-189 (page does not exist)">JWH-189</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-190&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-190 (page does not exist)">JWH-190</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-191&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-191 (page does not exist)">JWH-191</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-215&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-215 (page does not exist)">JWH-215</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-216&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-216 (page does not exist)">JWH-216</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-217 (page does not exist)">JWH-217</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-224&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-224 (page does not exist)">JWH-224</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-225&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-225 (page does not exist)">JWH-225</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-226&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-226 (page does not exist)">JWH-226</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-227&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-227 (page does not exist)">JWH-227</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-229&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-229 (page does not exist)">JWH-229</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-230&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-230 (page does not exist)">JWH-230</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-233&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-233 (page does not exist)">JWH-233</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-247&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-247 (page does not exist)">JWH-247</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-254&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-254 (page does not exist)">JWH-254</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-256&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-256 (page does not exist)">JWH-256</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-277&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-277 (page does not exist)">JWH-277</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-278&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-278 (page does not exist)">JWH-278</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-298&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-298 (page does not exist)">JWH-298</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-299&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-299 (page does not exist)">JWH-299</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-300&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-300 (page does not exist)">JWH-300</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-301&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-301 (page does not exist)">JWH-301</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-310&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-310 (page does not exist)">JWH-310</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-336&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-336 (page does not exist)">JWH-336</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-338&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-338 (page does not exist)">JWH-338</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-339&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-339 (page does not exist)">JWH-339</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-340&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-340 (page does not exist)">JWH-340</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-341&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-341 (page does not exist)">JWH-341</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-349&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-349 (page does not exist)">JWH-349</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-350&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-350 (page does not exist)">JWH-350</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-352&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-352 (page does not exist)">JWH-352</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-353&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-353 (page does not exist)">JWH-353</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-354&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-354 (page does not exist)">JWH-354</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-355&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-355 (page does not exist)">JWH-355</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-356&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-356 (page does not exist)">JWH-356</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-357&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-357 (page does not exist)">JWH-357</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-358&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-358 (page does not exist)">JWH-358</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-359" title="JWH-359">JWH-359</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-360&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-360 (page does not exist)">JWH-360</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-361&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-361 (page does not exist)">JWH-361</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-362&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-362 (page does not exist)">JWH-362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KM-233" title="KM-233">KM-233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-759,633" title="L-759,633">L-759,633</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-759,656" title="L-759,656">L-759,656</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levonantradol" title="Levonantradol">Levonantradol (CP 50,5561)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menabitan" title="Menabitan">Menabitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabazenil" title="Nabazenil">Nabazenil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canbisol" title="Canbisol">Nabidrox (Canbisol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabilone" title="Nabilone">Nabilone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabitan" title="Nabitan">Nabitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naboctate" title="Naboctate">Naboctate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-224&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-224 (page does not exist)">O-224</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-581&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-581 (page does not exist)">O-581</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-774" title="O-774">O-774</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-806" title="O-806">O-806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-823" title="O-823">O-823</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1057" title="O-1057">O-1057</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1125" title="O-1125">O-1125</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1191&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1191 (page does not exist)">O-1191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1238" title="O-1238">O-1238</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-2048&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-2048 (page does not exist)">O-2048</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-2113" title="O-2113">O-2113</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-2365&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-2365 (page does not exist)">O-2365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-2372" title="O-2372">O-2372</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-2373&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-2373 (page does not exist)">O-2373</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-2383&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-2383 (page does not exist)">O-2383</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-2426&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-2426 (page does not exist)">O-2426</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-2484&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-2484 (page does not exist)">O-2484</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-2545" title="O-2545">O-2545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-2694" title="O-2694">O-2694</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-2715&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-2715 (page does not exist)">O-2715</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-2716&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-2716 (page does not exist)">O-2716</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-3223&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-3223 (page does not exist)">O-3223</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-3226&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-3226 (page does not exist)">O-3226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parahexyl" title="Parahexyl">Parahexyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirnabine" title="Pirnabine">Pirnabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SP-111" class="mw-redirect" title="SP-111">SP-111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THC_hemisuccinate" title="THC hemisuccinate">THC hemisuccinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THC-O-acetate" title="THC-O-acetate">THC-O-acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THC-O-phosphate" title="THC-O-phosphate">THC-O-phosphate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Non-classical cannabinoids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabicyclohexanol" title="Cannabicyclohexanol">Cannabicyclohexanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinor" title="Cannabinor">Cannabinor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBD-DMH" title="CBD-DMH">CBD-DMH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_47,497" title="CP 47,497">CP 47,497</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(C6)-CP_47,497" title="(C6)-CP 47,497">(C6)-CP 47,497</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(C9)-CP_47,497" title="(C9)-CP 47,497">(C9)-CP 47,497</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_55,244" title="CP 55,244">CP 55,244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_55,940" title="CP 55,940">CP 55,940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta-6-Cannabidiol" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta-6-Cannabidiol">Delta-6-Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrinabdione" title="Etrinabdione">Etrinabdione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HU-320" title="HU-320">HU-320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HU-331" title="HU-331">HU-331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HU-336" title="HU-336">HU-336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HU-345" title="HU-345">HU-345</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HU-446&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HU-446 (page does not exist)">HU-446</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HU-465&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HU-465 (page does not exist)">HU-465</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HU-910&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HU-910 (page does not exist)">HU-910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Fluorocannabidiol" title="4'-Fluorocannabidiol">HUF-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonabine" title="Nonabine">Nonabine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1376&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1376 (page does not exist)">O-1376</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1422&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1422 (page does not exist)">O-1422</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1601&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1601 (page does not exist)">O-1601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1656" title="O-1656">O-1656</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1657&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1657 (page does not exist)">O-1657</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1660&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1660 (page does not exist)">O-1660</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1663&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1663 (page does not exist)">O-1663</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1871" title="O-1871">O-1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onternabez" title="Onternabez">Onternabez</a> (HU-308)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SPA-229&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPA-229 (page does not exist)">SPA-229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinabinol" title="Tinabinol">Tinabinol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Adamantoylindoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5F-APINACA" title="5F-APINACA">5F-AKB-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APICA_(synthetic_cannabinoid_drug)" title="APICA (synthetic cannabinoid drug)">APICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-135_(drug)" title="STS-135 (drug)">STS-135</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Benzimidazoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AZ-11713908" title="AZ-11713908">AZ-11713908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZD-1940" title="AZD-1940">AZD-1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIM-018" title="BIM-018">BIM-018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FUBIMINA" title="FUBIMINA">FUBIMINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCHB-1" title="MCHB-1">MCHB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-03550096" title="PF-03550096">PF-03550096</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RQ-00202730" title="RQ-00202730">RQ-00202730</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Benzoylindoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-Butyl-3-(2-methoxybenzoyl)indole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-Butyl-3-(2-methoxybenzoyl)indole (page does not exist)">1-Butyl-3-(2-methoxybenzoyl)indole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-Butyl-3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)indole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-Butyl-3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)indole (page does not exist)">1-Butyl-3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)indole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-Pentyl-3-(2-methoxybenzoyl)indole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-Pentyl-3-(2-methoxybenzoyl)indole (page does not exist)">1-Pentyl-3-(2-methoxybenzoyl)indole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-630" title="AM-630">AM-630</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-679_(cannabinoid)" title="AM-679 (cannabinoid)">AM-679</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-694" title="AM-694">AM-694</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1241" title="AM-1241">AM-1241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-2233" title="AM-2233">AM-2233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW-405,833" title="GW-405,833">GW-405,833 (L-768,242)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravadoline" title="Pravadoline">Pravadoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCS-4" title="RCS-4">RCS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_54,461" title="WIN 54,461">WIN 54,461</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cyclohexylphenols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CP_47,497" title="CP 47,497">CP-47,947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_55,940" title="CP 55,940">CP-55,940</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Eicosanoid" title="Eicosanoid">Eicosanoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AM-883" class="mw-redirect" title="AM-883">AM-883</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM-1346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM-1346 (page does not exist)">AM-1346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonyl-2%27-chloroethylamide" title="Arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide">ACEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonylcyclopropylamide" title="Arachidonylcyclopropylamide">ACPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methanandamide" title="Methanandamide">Methanandamide (AM-356)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-585&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-585 (page does not exist)">O-585</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-689&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-689 (page does not exist)">O-689</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1812" title="O-1812">O-1812</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1860&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1860 (page does not exist)">O-1860</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1861&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1861 (page does not exist)">O-1861</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Indazole-3- carboxamides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4F-MDMB-BINACA" title="4F-MDMB-BINACA">4F-MDMB-BINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27Cl-CUMYL-PINACA" title="4'Cl-CUMYL-PINACA">4'Cl-CUMYL-PINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27F-CUMYL-5F-PINACA" class="mw-redirect" title="4'F-CUMYL-5F-PINACA">4'F-CUMYL-5F-PINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5Cl-APINACA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5Cl-APINACA (page does not exist)">5Cl-APINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-ADB" title="5F-ADB">5F-ADB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-ADB-PINACA" title="5F-ADB-PINACA">5F-ADB-PINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-AMB" title="5F-AMB">5F-AMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-APINACA" title="5F-APINACA">5F-APINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-CUMYL-PINACA" title="5F-CUMYL-PINACA">5F-CUMYL-PINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-EDMB-PINACA" title="5F-EDMB-PINACA">5F-EDMB-PINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-EMB-PINACA" title="5F-EMB-PINACA">5F-EMB-PINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB-CHMINACA" title="AB-CHMINACA">AB-CHMINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB-FUBINACA" title="AB-FUBINACA">AB-FUBINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AB-FUBINACA_2-fluorobenzyl_isomer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AB-FUBINACA 2-fluorobenzyl isomer (page does not exist)">AB-FUBINACA 2-fluorobenzyl isomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB-PINACA" title="AB-PINACA">AB-PINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADB-BINACA" title="ADB-BINACA">ADB-BINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADB-BUTINACA" title="ADB-BUTINACA">ADB-BUTINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADB-CHMINACA" title="ADB-CHMINACA">ADB-CHMINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADB-HEXINACA" title="ADB-HEXINACA">ADB-HEXINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADB-FUBINACA" title="ADB-FUBINACA">ADB-FUBINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADB-PINACA" title="ADB-PINACA">ADB-PINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADB-4en-PINACA" title="ADB-4en-PINACA">ADB-4en-PINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADB-5%27Br-PINACA" title="ADB-5'Br-PINACA">ADB-5'Br-PINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADMB-3TMS-PRINACA" title="ADMB-3TMS-PRINACA">ADMB-3TMS-PRINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamantyl-THPINACA" title="Adamantyl-THPINACA">Adamantyl-THPINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADSB-FUB-187" title="ADSB-FUB-187">ADSB-FUB-187</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMB-CHMINACA" title="AMB-CHMINACA">AMB-CHMINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMB-FUBINACA" title="AMB-FUBINACA">AMB-FUBINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APINACA" title="APINACA">APINACA (AKB48)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APP-FUBINACA" title="APP-FUBINACA">APP-FUBINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMYL-3TMS-PRINACA" title="CUMYL-3TMS-PRINACA">CUMYL-3TMS-PRINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMYL-4CN-BINACA" title="CUMYL-4CN-BINACA">CUMYL-4CN-BINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMYL-CBMINACA" title="CUMYL-CBMINACA">CUMYL-CBMINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CUMYL-CHSINACA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CUMYL-CHSINACA (page does not exist)">CUMYL-CHSINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMYL-FUBINACA" title="CUMYL-FUBINACA">CUMYL-FUBINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMYL-NBMINACA" title="CUMYL-NBMINACA">CUMYL-NBMINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMYL-PINACA" title="CUMYL-PINACA">CUMYL-PINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMYL-THPINACA" title="CUMYL-THPINACA">CUMYL-THPINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CUMYL-TSINACA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CUMYL-TSINACA (page does not exist)">CUMYL-TSINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EMB-FUBINACA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMB-FUBINACA (page does not exist)">EMB-FUBINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FUB-APINACA" title="FUB-APINACA">FUB-APINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMB-4en-PINACA" title="MDMB-4en-PINACA">MDMB-4en-PINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMB-5Br-INACA" title="MDMB-5Br-INACA">MDMB-5Br-INACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMB-BINACA" title="MDMB-BINACA">MDMB-BINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMB-CHMINACA" title="MDMB-CHMINACA">MDMB-CHMINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMB-FUBINACA" title="MDMB-FUBINACA">MDMB-FUBINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MN-18" title="MN-18">MN-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PX-2" title="PX-2">PX-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PX-3" title="PX-3">PX-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THQ-PINACA" title="THQ-PINACA">THQ-PINACA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Indole-3-carboxamides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4%27F-CUMYL-5F-PICA" class="mw-redirect" title="4'F-CUMYL-5F-PICA">4'F-CUMYL-5F-PICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-ADBICA" title="5F-ADBICA">5F-ADBICA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5F-EDMB-PICA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5F-EDMB-PICA (page does not exist)">5F-EDMB-PICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-MDMB-PICA" title="5F-MDMB-PICA">5F-MDMB-PICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-NNE1" title="5F-NNE1">5F-NNE1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-PCN" title="5F-PCN">5F-PCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-SDB-006" title="5F-SDB-006">5F-SDB-006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB-FUBICA" title="AB-FUBICA">AB-FUBICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB-PICA" title="AB-PICA">AB-PICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADBICA" title="ADBICA">ADBICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADB-FUBICA" title="ADB-FUBICA">ADB-FUBICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APICA_(synthetic_cannabinoid_drug)" title="APICA (synthetic cannabinoid drug)">APICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMS-F" title="BMS-F">BMS-F</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CUMYL-BICA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CUMYL-BICA (page does not exist)">CUMYL-BICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMYL-CBMICA" title="CUMYL-CBMICA">CUMYL-CBMICA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CUMYL-CHMICA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CUMYL-CHMICA (page does not exist)">CUMYL-CHMICA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CUMYL-NBMICA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CUMYL-NBMICA (page does not exist)">CUMYL-NBMICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMYL-PICA" title="CUMYL-PICA">CUMYL-PICA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CUMYL-5F-PICA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CUMYL-5F-PICA (page does not exist)">CUMYL-5F-PICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDU-NNE1" title="FDU-NNE1">FDU-NNE1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMB-CHMICA" title="MDMB-CHMICA">MDMB-CHMICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMB-CHMICA" title="MMB-CHMICA">MMB-CHMICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMB-2201" title="MMB-2201">MMB-2201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MN-25" title="MN-25">MN-25</a> (UR-12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NNE1" title="NNE1">NNE1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PX-1" title="PX-1">PX-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Org_28312" title="Org 28312">Org 28312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Org_28611" title="Org 28611">Org 28611</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDB-006" title="SDB-006">SDB-006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS-135_(drug)" title="STS-135 (drug)">STS-135</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Indole-3-carboxylates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5F-PB-22" title="5F-PB-22">5F-PB-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDU-PB-22" title="FDU-PB-22">FDU-PB-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FUB-PB-22" title="FUB-PB-22">FUB-PB-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QUCHIC" title="QUCHIC">QUCHIC (BB-22)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PB-22" title="PB-22">QUPIC (PB-22)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NM-2201" title="NM-2201">NM-2201</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Naphthoylindazoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THJ-018" title="THJ-018">THJ-018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THJ-2201" title="THJ-2201">THJ-2201</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Naphthoylindole" class="mw-redirect" title="Naphthoylindole">Naphthoylindoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5F-JWH-398" title="5F-JWH-398">5F-JWH-398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1220" title="AM-1220">AM-1220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1221" title="AM-1221">AM-1221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1235" title="AM-1235">AM-1235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-2201" title="AM-2201">AM-2201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-2232" title="AM-2232">AM-2232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHM-081" title="CHM-081">CHM-081</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAM-2201" title="EAM-2201">EAM-2201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FUB-JWH-018" title="FUB-JWH-018">FUB-JWH-018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-004 (page does not exist)">JWH-004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-007" title="JWH-007">JWH-007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-009&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-009 (page does not exist)">JWH-009</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-011 (page does not exist)">JWH-011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-015" title="JWH-015">JWH-015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-016&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-016 (page does not exist)">JWH-016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-018" title="JWH-018">JWH-018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-019" title="JWH-019">JWH-019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-020 (page does not exist)">JWH-020</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-042&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-042 (page does not exist)">JWH-042</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-043&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-043 (page does not exist)">JWH-043</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-046&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-046 (page does not exist)">JWH-046</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-047" title="JWH-047">JWH-047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-048" title="JWH-048">JWH-048</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-049&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-049 (page does not exist)">JWH-049</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-050&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-050 (page does not exist)">JWH-050</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-070&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-070 (page does not exist)">JWH-070</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-072&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-072 (page does not exist)">JWH-072</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-073" title="JWH-073">JWH-073</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-076&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-076 (page does not exist)">JWH-076</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-077&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-077 (page does not exist)">JWH-077</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-079&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-079 (page does not exist)">JWH-079</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-080&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-080 (page does not exist)">JWH-080</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-081" title="JWH-081">JWH-081</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-082&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-082 (page does not exist)">JWH-082</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-083&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-083 (page does not exist)">JWH-083</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-093&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-093 (page does not exist)">JWH-093</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-094&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-094 (page does not exist)">JWH-094</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-095&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-095 (page does not exist)">JWH-095</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-096&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-096 (page does not exist)">JWH-096</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-097&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-097 (page does not exist)">JWH-097</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-098" title="JWH-098">JWH-098</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-099&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-099 (page does not exist)">JWH-099</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-100&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-100 (page does not exist)">JWH-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-116" title="JWH-116">JWH-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-120" title="JWH-120">JWH-120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-122" title="JWH-122">JWH-122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-148" title="JWH-148">JWH-148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-149" title="JWH-149">JWH-149</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-151&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-151 (page does not exist)">JWH-151</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-153&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-153 (page does not exist)">JWH-153</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-159&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-159 (page does not exist)">JWH-159</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-160&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-160 (page does not exist)">JWH-160</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-163&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-163 (page does not exist)">JWH-163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-164" title="JWH-164">JWH-164</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-165&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-165 (page does not exist)">JWH-165</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-166&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-166 (page does not exist)">JWH-166</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-180&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-180 (page does not exist)">JWH-180</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-181&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-181 (page does not exist)">JWH-181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-182" class="mw-redirect" title="JWH-182">JWH-182</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-189&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-189 (page does not exist)">JWH-189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-193" title="JWH-193">JWH-193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-198" title="JWH-198">JWH-198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-200" title="JWH-200">JWH-200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-210" title="JWH-210">JWH-210</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-211&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-211 (page does not exist)">JWH-211</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-212&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-212 (page does not exist)">JWH-212</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-213&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-213 (page does not exist)">JWH-213</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-234&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-234 (page does not exist)">JWH-234</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-235&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-235 (page does not exist)">JWH-235</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-236&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-236 (page does not exist)">JWH-236</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-239&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-239 (page does not exist)">JWH-239</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-240&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-240 (page does not exist)">JWH-240</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-241&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-241 (page does not exist)">JWH-241</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-242&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-242 (page does not exist)">JWH-242</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-258&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-258 (page does not exist)">JWH-258</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-259&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-259 (page does not exist)">JWH-259</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-260&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-260 (page does not exist)">JWH-260</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-261&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-261 (page does not exist)">JWH-261</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-262&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-262 (page does not exist)">JWH-262</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-265&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-265 (page does not exist)">JWH-265</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-266&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-266 (page does not exist)">JWH-266</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-267&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-267 (page does not exist)">JWH-267</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-268&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-268 (page does not exist)">JWH-268</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-387&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-387 (page does not exist)">JWH-387</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-398" title="JWH-398">JWH-398</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-416&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-416 (page does not exist)">JWH-416</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-417&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-417 (page does not exist)">JWH-417</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-422&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-422 (page does not exist)">JWH-422</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-423&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-423 (page does not exist)">JWH-423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-424" title="JWH-424">JWH-424</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-425&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-425 (page does not exist)">JWH-425</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MAM-1220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MAM-1220 (page does not exist)">MAM-1220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAM-2201" title="MAM-2201">MAM-2201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NE-CHMIMO" title="NE-CHMIMO">NE-CHMIMO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Naphthoylpyrroles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JWH-030" title="JWH-030">JWH-030</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-031&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-031 (page does not exist)">JWH-031</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-032&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-032 (page does not exist)">JWH-032</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-033&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-033 (page does not exist)">JWH-033</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-036&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-036 (page does not exist)">JWH-036</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-044&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-044 (page does not exist)">JWH-044</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-045&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-045 (page does not exist)">JWH-045</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-145" title="JWH-145">JWH-145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-146" title="JWH-146">JWH-146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-147" title="JWH-147">JWH-147</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-150" title="JWH-150">JWH-150</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-156&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-156 (page does not exist)">JWH-156</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-243&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-243 (page does not exist)">JWH-243</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-244&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-244 (page does not exist)">JWH-244</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-245&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-245 (page does not exist)">JWH-245</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-246&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-246 (page does not exist)">JWH-246</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-292&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-292 (page does not exist)">JWH-292</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-293&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-293 (page does not exist)">JWH-293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-307" title="JWH-307">JWH-307</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-308&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-308 (page does not exist)">JWH-308</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-309" title="JWH-309">JWH-309</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-346 (page does not exist)">JWH-346</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-347&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-347 (page does not exist)">JWH-347</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-348&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-348 (page does not exist)">JWH-348</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-363" title="JWH-363">JWH-363</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-364" title="JWH-364">JWH-364</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-365" title="JWH-365">JWH-365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-366" title="JWH-366">JWH-366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-367" title="JWH-367">JWH-367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-368" title="JWH-368">JWH-368</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-369" title="JWH-369">JWH-369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-370" title="JWH-370">JWH-370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-371" title="JWH-371">JWH-371</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-372" title="JWH-372">JWH-372</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-373" title="JWH-373">JWH-373</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Naphthylmethylindenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JWH-171" class="mw-redirect" title="JWH-171">JWH-171</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-176" title="JWH-176">JWH-176</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-220 (page does not exist)">JWH-220</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Naphthylmethylindoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JWH-175" title="JWH-175">JWH-175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-184" title="JWH-184">JWH-184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-185" title="JWH-185">JWH-185</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-192&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-192 (page does not exist)">JWH-192</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-194&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-194 (page does not exist)">JWH-194</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-195&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-195 (page does not exist)">JWH-195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-196" title="JWH-196">JWH-196</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-197&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-197 (page does not exist)">JWH-197</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-199&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-199 (page does not exist)">JWH-199</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Phenylacetylindoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabipiperidiethanone" title="Cannabipiperidiethanone">Cannabipiperidiethanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-167" title="JWH-167">JWH-167</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-201&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-201 (page does not exist)">JWH-201</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-202&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-202 (page does not exist)">JWH-202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-203" title="JWH-203">JWH-203</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-204&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-204 (page does not exist)">JWH-204</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-205&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-205 (page does not exist)">JWH-205</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-206&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-206 (page does not exist)">JWH-206</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-207&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-207 (page does not exist)">JWH-207</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-208&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-208 (page does not exist)">JWH-208</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-209&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-209 (page does not exist)">JWH-209</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-237&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-237 (page does not exist)">JWH-237</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-248&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-248 (page does not exist)">JWH-248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-249" title="JWH-249">JWH-249</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-250" title="JWH-250">JWH-250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-251" title="JWH-251">JWH-251</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-252&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-252 (page does not exist)">JWH-252</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-253&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-253 (page does not exist)">JWH-253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-302" title="JWH-302">JWH-302</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-303&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-303 (page does not exist)">JWH-303</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-304&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-304 (page does not exist)">JWH-304</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-305&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-305 (page does not exist)">JWH-305</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-306&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-306 (page does not exist)">JWH-306</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-311&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-311 (page does not exist)">JWH-311</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-312&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-312 (page does not exist)">JWH-312</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-313&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-313 (page does not exist)">JWH-313</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-314&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-314 (page does not exist)">JWH-314</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-315&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-315 (page does not exist)">JWH-315</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-316&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-316 (page does not exist)">JWH-316</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCS-8" title="RCS-8">RCS-8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Pyrazolecarboxamides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5F-AB-FUPPYCA" title="5F-AB-FUPPYCA">5F-AB-FUPPYCA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5F-AMPPPCA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5F-AMPPPCA (page does not exist)">5F-AMPPPCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB-CHFUPYCA" title="AB-CHFUPYCA">AB-CHFUPYCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Tetramethylcyclo- propanoylindazoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FAB-144" title="FAB-144">FAB-144</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Tetramethylcyclo- propanoylindoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5Br-UR-144&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5Br-UR-144 (page does not exist)">5Br-UR-144</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5Cl-UR-144&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5Cl-UR-144 (page does not exist)">5Cl-UR-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-796,260" title="A-796,260">A-796,260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-834,735" title="A-834,735">A-834,735</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FUB-144" title="FUB-144">FUB-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-144" title="UR-144">UR-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLR-11" title="XLR-11">XLR-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XLR-12" title="XLR-12">XLR-12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2F-QMPSB" title="2F-QMPSB">2F-QMPSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-HTMPIPO" title="4-HTMPIPO">4-HTMPIPO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4CN-CUMYL-BUT7AICA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4CN-CUMYL-BUT7AICA (page does not exist)">4CN-CUMYL-BUT7AICA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5F-PY-PICA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5F-PY-PICA (page does not exist)">5F-PY-PICA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5F-PY-PINACA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5F-PY-PINACA (page does not exist)">5F-PY-PINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5F-3-pyridinoylindole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5F-3-pyridinoylindole (page does not exist)">5F-3-pyridinoylindole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5F-ADB-P7AICA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5F-ADB-P7AICA (page does not exist)">5F-ADB-P7AICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-CUMYL-P7AICA" title="5F-CUMYL-P7AICA">5F-CUMYL-P7AICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5F-CUMYL-PEGACLONE" title="5F-CUMYL-PEGACLONE">5F-CUMYL-PEGACLONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-836,339" title="A-836,339">A-836,339</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-955,840&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-955,840 (page does not exist)">A-955,840</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-PBITMO" title="A-PBITMO">A-PBITMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-PONASA" title="A-PONASA">A-PONASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abnormal_cannabidiol" title="Abnormal cannabidiol">Abnormal cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB-001" title="AB-001">AB-001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADB-FUBHQUCA" title="ADB-FUBHQUCA">ADB-FUBHQUCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADB-FUBIATA" title="ADB-FUBIATA">ADB-FUBIATA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADB-P7AICA" title="ADB-P7AICA">ADB-P7AICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1248" title="AM-1248">AM-1248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1714" title="AM-1714">AM-1714</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAY_38-7271" title="BAY 38-7271">BAY 38-7271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAY_59-3074" title="BAY 59-3074">BAY 59-3074</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BzODZ-EPyr" title="BzODZ-EPyr">BzODZ-EPyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CB-13" title="CB-13">CB-13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CB-86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CB-86 (page does not exist)">CB-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS-0550" title="CBS-0550">CBS-0550</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CUMYL-4CN-B7AICA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CUMYL-4CN-B7AICA (page does not exist)">CUMYL-4CN-B7AICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMYL-CB-MEGACLONE" title="CUMYL-CB-MEGACLONE">CUMYL-CB-MEGACLONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMYL-CH-MEGACLONE" title="CUMYL-CH-MEGACLONE">CUMYL-CH-MEGACLONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUMYL-PEGACLONE" title="CUMYL-PEGACLONE">CUMYL-PEGACLONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EG-018" title="EG-018">EG-018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK-554,418A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK-554,418A (page does not exist)">GSK-554,418A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW-842,166X" title="GW-842,166X">GW-842,166X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTE_7-31" title="JTE 7-31">JTE 7-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LASSBio-881" title="LASSBio-881">LASSBio-881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBP-1_(drug)" title="LBP-1 (drug)">LBP-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leelamine" title="Leelamine">Leelamine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MDA-7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MDA-7 (page does not exist)">MDA-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDA-19" title="MDA-19">MDA-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEPIRAPIM" class="mw-redirect" title="MEPIRAPIM">MEPIRAPIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NESS-040C5" title="NESS-040C5">NESS-040C5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NMDMSB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NMDMSB (page does not exist)">NMDMSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NMP-7" title="NMP-7">NMP-7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-889&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-889 (page does not exist)">O-889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1269" title="O-1269">O-1269</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1270&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1270 (page does not exist)">O-1270</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1399&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1399 (page does not exist)">O-1399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1602" title="O-1602">O-1602</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-2220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-2220 (page does not exist)">O-2220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olorinab" title="Olorinab">Olorinab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-03550096" title="PF-03550096">PF-03550096</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSB-SB-1202" title="PSB-SB-1202">PSB-SB-1202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTI-1" title="PTI-1">PTI-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTI-2" title="PTI-2">PTI-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTI-3" title="PTI-3">PTI-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QMPSB" title="QMPSB">QMPSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-444,823" title="S-444,823">S-444,823</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-777,469" title="S-777,469">S-777,469</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SER-601" title="SER-601">SER-601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedalinab" title="Tedalinab">Tedalinab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=URB-447&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="URB-447 (page does not exist)">URB-447</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VSN-16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VSN-16 (page does not exist)">VSN-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_55,212-2" title="WIN 55,212-2">WIN 55,212-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_56,098" title="WIN 56,098">WIN 56,098</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Allosteric_regulation" title="Allosteric regulation">Allosteric</a> <a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor" title="Cannabinoid receptor"><abbr title="Cannabinoid receptor">CBR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Cannabinoid receptor <a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEF0117" title="AEF0117">AEF0117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAT100" title="GAT100">GAT100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Org_27569" title="Org 27569">Org 27569</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Org_27759&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Org 27759 (page does not exist)">Org 27759</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Org_29647&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Org 29647 (page does not exist)">Org 29647</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSNCBAM-1" title="PSNCBAM-1">PSNCBAM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone" title="Pregnenolone">Pregnenolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-371" title="RTI-371">RTI-371</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZCZ-011" title="ZCZ-011">ZCZ-011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_enhancer" title="Endocannabinoid enhancer">Endocannabinoid enhancers</a> (inactivation inhibitors)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-Nonylphenylboronic_acid" title="4-Nonylphenylboronic acid">4-Nonylphenylboronic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM-404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonoyl_serotonin" title="Arachidonoyl serotonin">Arachidonoyl serotonin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvanil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvanil (page does not exist)">Arvanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIA_10-2474" title="BIA 10-2474">BIA 10-2474</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biochanin_A" title="Biochanin A">Biochanin A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAY-10401&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAY-10401 (page does not exist)">CAY-10401</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAY-10429&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAY-10429 (page does not exist)">CAY-10429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guineesine" title="Guineesine">Guineesine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDFP" title="IDFP">IDFP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JNJ_1661010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JNJ 1661010 (page does not exist)">JNJ 1661010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JNJ-42165279" title="JNJ-42165279">JNJ-42165279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JZL184" title="JZL184">JZL184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JZL195" title="JZL195">JZL195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferol" title="Kaempferol">Kaempferol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-2183240" title="LY-2183240">LY-2183240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK-4409" title="MK-4409">MK-4409</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1624&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1624 (page does not exist)">O-1624</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-2093&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-2093 (page does not exist)">O-2093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleoylethanolamide" title="Oleoylethanolamide">Oleoylethanolamide (OEA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olvanil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olvanil (page does not exist)">Olvanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmitoylethanolamide" title="Palmitoylethanolamide">Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-04457845" class="mw-redirect" title="PF-04457845">PF-04457845</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-622&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-622 (page does not exist)">PF-622</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-750&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-750 (page does not exist)">PF-750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-3845" title="PF-3845">PF-3845</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PHOP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PHOP (page does not exist)">PHOP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=URB447&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="URB447 (page does not exist)">URB-447</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URB597" class="mw-redirect" title="URB597">URB-597</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URB602" title="URB602">URB-602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URB754" title="URB754">URB-754</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDM-11" title="VDM-11">VDM-11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_antagonist" title="Cannabinoid receptor antagonist">Anticannabinoids</a> (antagonists/inverse agonists/antibodies)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AM-251_(drug)" title="AM-251 (drug)">AM-251</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM281&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM281 (page does not exist)">AM-281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-630" title="AM-630">AM-630</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM-1387&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM-1387 (page does not exist)">AM-1387</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-4113" class="mw-redirect" title="AM-4113">AM-4113</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM-6527&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM-6527 (page does not exist)">AM-6527</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-6545" title="AM-6545">AM-6545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BML-190" title="BML-190">BML-190</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brizantin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brizantin (page does not exist)">Brizantin (Бризантин)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAY-10508&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAY-10508 (page does not exist)">CAY-10508</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CB-25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CB-25 (page does not exist)">CB-25</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CB-52&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CB-52 (page does not exist)">CB-52</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CB-86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CB-86 (page does not exist)">CB-86</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietressa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietressa (page does not exist)">Dietressa (Диетресса)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinabant" title="Drinabant">Drinabant (AVE1625)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemopressin" title="Hemopressin">Hemopressin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibipinabant" title="Ibipinabant">Ibipinabant (SLV319)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTE-907" title="JTE-907">JTE-907</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LH-21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LH-21 (page does not exist)">LH-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-320,135" title="LY-320,135">LY-320,135</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MDA-77&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MDA-77 (page does not exist)">MDA-77</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MJ-15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MJ-15 (page does not exist)">MJ-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK-9470" title="MK-9470">MK-9470</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NESS-0327" title="NESS-0327">NESS-0327</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NIDA-41020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NIDA-41020 (page does not exist)">NIDA-41020</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-606&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-606 (page does not exist)">O-606</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1184&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1184 (page does not exist)">O-1184</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-1248&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-1248 (page does not exist)">O-1248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1918" title="O-1918">O-1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-2050" title="O-2050">O-2050</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-2654&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-2654 (page does not exist)">O-2654</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otenabant" title="Otenabant">Otenabant (CP-945,598)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-514273" title="PF-514273">PF-514273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PipISB" title="PipISB">PipISB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSB-SB-487" title="PSB-SB-487">PSB-SB-487</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimonabant" title="Rimonabant">Rimonabant (SR141716)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosonabant" title="Rosonabant">Rosonabant (E-6776)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SR-144,528" title="SR-144,528">SR-144,528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinabant" title="Surinabant">Surinabant (SR147778)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranabant" title="Taranabant">Taranabant (MK-0364)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TM-38837" title="TM-38837">TM-38837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCHSR" title="VCHSR">VCHSR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Cannabinoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cannabinoid receptor modulators">Cannabinoid receptor modulators</a> (cannabinoids by pharmacology)</li> <li>List of: <a href="/wiki/List_of_AM_cannabinoids" title="List of AM cannabinoids">AM cannabinoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_JWH_cannabinoids" title="List of JWH cannabinoids">JWH cannabinoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_designer_drugs#Synthetic_cannabimimetics" title="List of designer drugs">Designer drugs § Synthetic cannabimimetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cannabinoid_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cannabinoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cannabinoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cannabinoid_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Cannabinoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabinoid_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabinoid receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cannabinoid_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor" title="Cannabinoid receptor">Cannabinoid receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">Receptor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligands</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabinoid receptor type 1"><abbr title="Cannabinoid receptor type 1">CB1</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Cannabinoid receptor type 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists (abridged, <a href="/wiki/Template:Cannabinoids" title="Template:Cannabinoids">full list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonoylglycerol" title="2-Arachidonoylglycerol">2-AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonyl_glyceryl_ether" title="2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether">2-AGE (noladin ether)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11-Hydroxy-THC" title="11-Hydroxy-THC">11-Hydroxy-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyrin" title="Amyrin">α-Amyrin · β-Amyrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AB-CHMINACA" title="AB-CHMINACA">AB-CHMINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM-1172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM-1172 (page does not exist)">AM-1172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1220" title="AM-1220">AM-1220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1221" title="AM-1221">AM-1221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1235" title="AM-1235">AM-1235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-2201" title="AM-2201">AM-2201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-2232" title="AM-2232">AM-2232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvanil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvanil (page does not exist)">Arvanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZ-11713908" title="AZ-11713908">AZ-11713908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinol" title="Cannabinol">Cannabinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CB-13" title="CB-13">CB-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_47,497" title="CP 47,497">CP 47,497</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_55,940" title="CP 55,940">CP 55,940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylheptylpyran" title="Dimethylheptylpyran">Dimethylheptylpyran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docosatetraenoylethanolamide" title="Docosatetraenoylethanolamide">DEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicatechin_gallate" title="Epicatechin gallate">ECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigallocatechin_gallate" title="Epigallocatechin gallate">EGCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">Epicatechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallocatechol" title="Gallocatechol">Gallocatechol (gallocatechin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honokiol" title="Honokiol">Honokiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HU-210" title="HU-210">HU-210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-007" title="JWH-007">JWH-007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-015" title="JWH-015">JWH-015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-018" title="JWH-018">JWH-018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-073" title="JWH-073">JWH-073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavain" title="Kavain">Kavain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-759,633" title="L-759,633">L-759,633</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levonantradol" title="Levonantradol">Levonantradol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menabitan" title="Menabitan">Menabitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabilone" title="Nabilone">Nabilone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabitan" title="Nabitan">Nabitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine" title="N-Arachidonoyl dopamine">NADA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1812" title="O-1812">O-1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleamide" title="Oleamide">Oleamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravadoline" title="Pravadoline">Pravadoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serinolamide_A" title="Serinolamide A">Serinolamide A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC (dronabinol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-144" title="UR-144">UR-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_55,212-2" title="WIN 55,212-2">WIN 55,212-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangonin" title="Yangonin">Yangonin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inverse agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AM-251_(drug)" title="AM-251 (drug)">AM-251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INV-202" class="mw-redirect" title="INV-202">INV-202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monlunabant" title="Monlunabant">Monlunabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimonabant" title="Rimonabant">Rimonabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinabant" title="Surinabant">Surinabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranabant" title="Taranabant">Taranabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TM-38837" title="TM-38837">TM-38837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zevaquenabant" title="Zevaquenabant">Zevaquenabant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AM-6545" title="AM-6545">AM-6545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerol" title="Cannabigerol">Cannabigerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinabant" title="Drinabant">Drinabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcarinol" title="Falcarinol">Falcarinol (carotatoxin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemopressin" title="Hemopressin">Hemopressin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibipinabant" title="Ibipinabant">Ibipinabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-320,135" title="LY-320,135">LY-320,135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK-9470" title="MK-9470">MK-9470</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NESS-0327" title="NESS-0327">NESS-0327</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-2050" title="O-2050">O-2050</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otenabant" title="Otenabant">Otenabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-514273" title="PF-514273">PF-514273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PipISB" title="PipISB">PipISB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosonabant" title="Rosonabant">Rosonabant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selonabant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selonabant (page does not exist)">Selonabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabivarin" title="Tetrahydrocannabivarin">THCV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCHSR" title="VCHSR">VCHSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virodhamine" title="Virodhamine">Virodhamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabinoid receptor type 2"><abbr title="Cannabinoid receptor type 2">CB2</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Cannabinoid receptor type 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonoylglycerol" title="2-Arachidonoylglycerol">2-AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonyl_glyceryl_ether" title="2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether">2-AGE (noladin ether)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,3%27-Diindolylmethane" title="3,3'-Diindolylmethane">3,3'-Diindolylmethane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-O-Methylhonokiol" title="4-O-Methylhonokiol">4-O-Methylhonokiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyrin" title="Amyrin">α-Amyrin · β-Amyrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-796,260" title="A-796,260">A-796,260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-834,735" title="A-834,735">A-834,735</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-836,339" title="A-836,339">A-836,339</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM-1172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM-1172 (page does not exist)">AM-1172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1221" title="AM-1221">AM-1221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1235" title="AM-1235">AM-1235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-1241" title="AM-1241">AM-1241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-2232" title="AM-2232">AM-2232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZ-11713908" title="AZ-11713908">AZ-11713908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinol" title="Cannabinol">Cannabinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllene" title="Caryophyllene">Caryophyllene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CB-13" title="CB-13">CB-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS-0550" title="CBS-0550">CBS-0550</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_55,940" title="CP 55,940">CP 55,940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW-405,833" title="GW-405,833">GW-405,833 (L-768,242)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW-842,166X" title="GW-842,166X">GW-842,166X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HU-308" class="mw-redirect" title="HU-308">HU-308</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTE_7-31" title="JTE 7-31">JTE 7-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-007" title="JWH-007">JWH-007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-015" title="JWH-015">JWH-015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-018" title="JWH-018">JWH-018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JWH-73&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JWH-73 (page does not exist)">JWH-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JWH-133" title="JWH-133">JWH-133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-759,633" title="L-759,633">L-759,633</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-759,656" title="L-759,656">L-759,656</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenabasum" title="Lenabasum">Lenabasum (anabasum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnolol" title="Magnolol">Magnolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDA-19" title="MDA-19">MDA-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabitan" title="Nabitan">Nabitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine" title="N-Arachidonoyl dopamine">NADA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olorinab" title="Olorinab">Olorinab (APD-371)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-03550096" title="PF-03550096">PF-03550096</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-444,823" title="S-444,823">S-444,823</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SER-601" title="SER-601">SER-601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serinolamide_A" title="Serinolamide A">Serinolamide A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-144" title="UR-144">UR-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedalinab" title="Tedalinab">Tedalinab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC (dronabinol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabivarin" title="Tetrahydrocannabivarin">THCV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrahydromagnolol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrahydromagnolol (page does not exist)">Tetrahydromagnolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virodhamine" title="Virodhamine">Virodhamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-O-Methylhonokiol" title="4-O-Methylhonokiol">4-O-Methylhonokiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-630" title="AM-630">AM-630</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BML-190" title="BML-190">BML-190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honokiol" title="Honokiol">Honokiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTE-907" title="JTE-907">JTE-907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SR-144,528" title="SR-144,528">SR-144,528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_54,461" title="WIN 54,461">WIN 54,461</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_56,098" title="WIN 56,098">WIN 56,098</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/NAGly_receptor" title="NAGly receptor"><abbr title="N-Arachidonyl glycine receptor">NAGly</abbr> (<abbr title="G protein-coupled receptor 18">GPR18</abbr>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abnormal_cannabidiol" title="Abnormal cannabidiol">Abnormal cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonylcyclopropylamide" title="Arachidonylcyclopropylamide">ACPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-251_(drug)" title="AM-251 (drug)">AM251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonylglycine" title="N-Arachidonylglycine">NADGly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC (dronabinol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1602" title="O-1602">O-1602</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PSB-CB5" title="PSB-CB5">PSB-CB5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1918" title="O-1918">O-1918</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><abbr title="G protein-coupled receptor 55"><a href="/wiki/GPR55" title="GPR55">GPR55</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Arachidonyl_glyceryl_ether" title="2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether">2-AGE (noladin ether)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Arachidonoyl_lysophosphatidylinositol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidylinositol (page does not exist)">2-ALPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abnormal_cannabidiol" title="Abnormal cannabidiol">Abnormal cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-251_(drug)" title="AM-251 (drug)">AM-251</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CID1011163&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CID1011163 (page does not exist)">CID1011163</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CID1252842&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CID1252842 (page does not exist)">CID1252842</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CID1792579&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CID1792579 (page does not exist)">CID1792579</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_55,940" title="CP 55,940">CP 55,940</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK-494581A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK-494581A (page does not exist)">GSK-494581A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidylinositol" title="Lysophosphatidylinositol">Lysophosphatidylinositol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-184&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-184 (page does not exist)">ML-184</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-185&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-185 (page does not exist)">ML-185</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-186&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-186 (page does not exist)">ML-186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1602" title="O-1602">O-1602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleoylethanolamide" title="Oleoylethanolamide">Oleoylethanolamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmitoylethanolamide" title="Palmitoylethanolamide">Palmitoylethanolamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC (dronabinol)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CID-16020046" class="mw-redirect" title="CID-16020046">CID-16020046</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-191&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-191 (page does not exist)">ML-191</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-192&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-192 (page does not exist)">ML-192</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-193&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-193 (page does not exist)">ML-193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-1918" title="O-1918">O-1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSB-SB-487" title="PSB-SB-487">PSB-SB-487</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSB-SB-1202" title="PSB-SB-1202">PSB-SB-1202</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-SB-1203&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-SB-1203 (page does not exist)">PSB-SB-1203</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrahydromagnolol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrahydromagnolol (page does not exist)">Tetrahydromagnolol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><abbr title="G protein-coupled receptor 119"><a href="/wiki/GPR119" title="GPR119">GPR119</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Agonists" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Oleoylglycerol" title="2-Oleoylglycerol">2-Oleoylglycerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APD668&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APD668 (page does not exist)">APD668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AR-231,453" title="AR-231,453">AR-231,453</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AS-1269574&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AS-1269574 (page does not exist)">AS-1269574</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MBX-2982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MBX-2982 (page does not exist)">MBX-2982</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Oleoyldopamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Oleoyldopamine (page does not exist)">N-Oleoyldopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleoylethanolamide" title="Oleoylethanolamide">Oleoylethanolamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olvanil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olvanil (page does not exist)">Olvanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSN-375,963" title="PSN-375,963">PSN-375,963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSN-632,408" title="PSN-632,408">PSN-632,408</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_transporter" title="Endocannabinoid transporter">Transporter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reuptake_modulator" title="Reuptake modulator">modulators</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="eCBTsTooltip_Endocannabinoid_transporter" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_transporter" title="Endocannabinoid transporter"><abbr title="Endocannabinoid transporter">eCBTs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Endocannabinoid transporter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/w/index.php?title=5%27-DMH-CBD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5'-DMH-CBD (page does not exist)">5'-DMH-CBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM-404</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AM-1172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AM-1172 (page does not exist)">AM-1172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonoyl_serotonin" title="Arachidonoyl serotonin">Arachidonoyl serotonin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvanil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvanil (page does not exist)">Arvanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guineesine" title="Guineesine">Guineensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-2183240" title="LY-2183240">LY-2183240</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O-2093&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O-2093 (page does not exist)">O-2093</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OMDM-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OMDM-2 (page does not exist)">OMDM-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SB-FI-26&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SB-FI-26 (page does not exist)">SB-FI-26</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UCM-707&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UCM-707 (page does not exist)">UCM-707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URB597" class="mw-redirect" title="URB597">URB-597</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDM-11" title="VDM-11">VDM-11</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WOBE490&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WOBE490 (page does not exist)">WOBE490</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WOBE491&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WOBE491 (page does not exist)">WOBE491</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WOBE492&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WOBE492 (page does not exist)">WOBE492</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_modulator" title="Enzyme modulator">modulators</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid_amide_hydrolase" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatty acid amide hydrolase"><abbr title="Fatty acid amide hydrolase">FAAH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Fatty acid amide hydrolase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/4-Nonylphenylboronic_acid" title="4-Nonylphenylboronic acid">4-Nonylphenylboronic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonyl_trifluoromethyl_ketone" title="Arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone">AACOCF3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM-404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonoyl_serotonin" title="Arachidonoyl serotonin">Arachidonoyl serotonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIA_10-2474" title="BIA 10-2474">BIA 10-2474</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biochanin_A" title="Biochanin A">Biochanin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDFP" title="IDFP">IDFP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JNJ-1661010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JNJ-1661010 (page does not exist)">JNJ-1661010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JNJ-42165279" title="JNJ-42165279">JNJ-42165279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JZL195" title="JZL195">JZL-195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferol" title="Kaempferol">Kaempferol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-2183240" title="LY-2183240">LY-2183240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxy_arachidonyl_fluorophosphonate" title="Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate">MAFP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmitoylisopropylamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmitoylisopropylamide (page does not exist)">Palmitoylisopropylamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-3845" title="PF-3845">PF-3845</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-750&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-750 (page does not exist)">PF-750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redafamdastat" title="Redafamdastat">Redafamdastat (JZP-150, PF-04457845)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SA-47&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SA-47 (page does not exist)">SA-47</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SA-57&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SA-57 (page does not exist)">SA-57</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TAK_21d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TAK 21d (page does not exist)">TAK 21d</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TC-F_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TC-F 2 (page does not exist)">TC-F 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UCM710&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UCM710 (page does not exist)">UCM710</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URB597" class="mw-redirect" title="URB597">URB-597</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Activators: <a href="/w/index.php?title=PDP-EA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDP-EA (page does not exist)">PDP-EA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Monoacylglycerol_lipase" title="Monoacylglycerol lipase">MAGL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABX-1431&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABX-1431 (page does not exist)">ABX-1431</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDFP" title="IDFP">IDFP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JJKK_048&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JJKK 048 (page does not exist)">JJKK 048</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JW_642&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JW 642 (page does not exist)">JW 642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JZL184" title="JZL184">JZL-184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JZL195" title="JZL195">JZL-195</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JZP-361&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JZP-361 (page does not exist)">JZP-361</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KML_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KML 29 (page does not exist)">KML 29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxy_arachidonyl_fluorophosphonate" title="Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate">MAFP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MJN110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MJN110 (page does not exist)">MJN110</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Arachidonoylmaleimide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Arachidonoylmaleimide (page does not exist)">NAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pristimerin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pristimerin (page does not exist)">Pristimerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URB602" title="URB602">URB-602</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><abbr title="alpha/beta-Hydrolase domain containing 6"><a href="/wiki/ABHD6" title="ABHD6">ABHD6</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/w/index.php?title=JZP-169&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JZP-169 (page does not exist)">JZP-169</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JZP-430&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JZP-430 (page does not exist)">JZP-430</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KT182&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KT182 (page does not exist)">KT182</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KT185&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KT185 (page does not exist)">KT185</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KT195&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KT195 (page does not exist)">KT195</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KT203&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KT203 (page does not exist)">KT203</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LEI-106&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LEI-106 (page does not exist)">LEI-106</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML294 (page does not exist)">ML294</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML295&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML295 (page does not exist)">ML295</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML296&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML296 (page does not exist)">ML296</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UCM710&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UCM710 (page does not exist)">UCM710</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WWL-70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WWL-70 (page does not exist)">WWL-70</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><abbr title="alpha/beta-Hydrolase domain containing 12"><a href="/wiki/ABHD12" title="ABHD12">ABHD12</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Inhibitors: <a href="/wiki/Betulinic_acid" title="Betulinic acid">Betulinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslinic_acid" title="Maslinic acid">Maslinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxy_arachidonyl_fluorophosphonate" title="Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate">MAFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleanolic_acid" title="Oleanolic acid">Oleanolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlistat" title="Orlistat">Orlistat (tetrahydrolipstatin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursolic_acid" title="Ursolic acid">Ursolic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Precursors: <a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylethanolamine" title="Phosphatidylethanolamine">Phosphatidylethanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine" title="N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine">NAPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diglyceride" title="Diglyceride">Diacylglycerol</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Others: <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Palmitoylglycerol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Palmitoylglycerol (page does not exist)">2-PG</a> (directly potentiates activity of 2-AG at CB1 receptor)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ARN-272&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARN-272 (page does not exist)">ARN-272</a> (FAAH-like anandamide transporter inhibitor)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd> <a href="/wiki/Template:Cannabinoids" title="Template:Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a> (cannabinoids by structure)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Analgesics_(N02A,_N02B)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Analgesics" title="Template:Analgesics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Analgesics" title="Template talk:Analgesics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Analgesics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Analgesics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Analgesics_(N02A,_N02B)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Analgesic" title="Analgesic">Analgesics</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N02#N02A" title="ATC code N02">N02A</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N02#N02B" title="ATC code N02">N02B</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">Opioids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opiate" title="Opiate">Opiates</a>/<a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">Codeine</a># <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codeine/aspirin" class="mw-redirect" title="Codeine/aspirin">+aspirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codeine/paracetamol" title="Codeine/paracetamol">+paracetamol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">Morphine</a># (<a href="/wiki/Morphine/naltrexone" title="Morphine/naltrexone">+naltrexone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">Opium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudanum" title="Laudanum">Laudanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paregoric" title="Paregoric">Paregoric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semisynthetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetyldihydrocodeine" title="Acetyldihydrocodeine">Acetyldihydrocodeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzylmorphine" title="Benzylmorphine">Benzylmorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buprenorphine" title="Buprenorphine">Buprenorphine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buprenorphine/naloxone" title="Buprenorphine/naloxone">+naloxone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butorphanol" title="Butorphanol">Butorphanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desomorphine" title="Desomorphine">Desomorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">Diamorphine (heroin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrocodeine" title="Dihydrocodeine">Dihydrocodeine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Co-dydramol" title="Co-dydramol">+paracetamol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydromorphine" title="Dihydromorphine">Dihydromorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etorphine" title="Etorphine">Etorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylmorphine" title="Ethylmorphine">Ethylmorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone" title="Hydrocodone">Hydrocodone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone/paracetamol" title="Hydrocodone/paracetamol">+paracetamol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone/ibuprofen" title="Hydrocodone/ibuprofen">+ibuprofen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone/aspirin" title="Hydrocodone/aspirin">+aspirin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromorphinol" title="Hydromorphinol">Hydromorphinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromorphone" title="Hydromorphone">Hydromorphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levorphanol" title="Levorphanol">Levorphanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metopon" title="Metopon">Metopon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalbuphine" title="Nalbuphine">Nalbuphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicocodeine" title="Nicocodeine">Nicocodeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodicodine" title="Nicodicodine">Nicodicodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomorphine" title="Nicomorphine">Nicomorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxycodone" title="Oxycodone">Oxycodone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oxycodone/paracetamol" title="Oxycodone/paracetamol">+paracetamol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxycodone/aspirin" title="Oxycodone/aspirin">+aspirin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxycodone/ibuprofen" title="Oxycodone/ibuprofen">+ibuprofen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxycodone/naloxone" title="Oxycodone/naloxone">+naloxone</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxycodone/naltrexone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxycodone/naltrexone (page does not exist)">+naltrexone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymorphone" title="Oxymorphone">Oxymorphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaveretum" title="Papaveretum">Papaveretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebacon" title="Thebacon">Thebacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synthetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfentanil" title="Alfentanil">Alfentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodine" title="Prodine">Alphaprodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anileridine" title="Anileridine">Anileridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezitramide" title="Bezitramide">Bezitramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carfentanil" title="Carfentanil">Carfentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextromoramide" title="Dextromoramide">Dextromoramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextropropoxyphene" title="Dextropropoxyphene">Dextropropoxyphene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezocine" title="Dezocine">Dezocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimenoxadol" title="Dimenoxadol">Dimenoxadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipipanone" title="Dipipanone">Dipipanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethoheptazine" title="Ethoheptazine">Ethoheptazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">Fentanyl</a># (<a href="/wiki/Fentanyl/fluanisone" title="Fentanyl/fluanisone">+fluanisone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketobemidone" title="Ketobemidone">Ketobemidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofentanil" title="Lofentanil">Lofentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meptazinol" title="Meptazinol">Meptazinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">Methadone</a>#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFEPP" title="NFEPP">NFEPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norpipanone" title="Norpipanone">Norpipanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliceridine" title="Oliceridine">Oliceridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentazocine" title="Pentazocine">Pentazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine">Pethidine (meperidine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenadoxone" title="Phenadoxone">Phenadoxone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazocine" title="Phenazocine">Phenazocine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenoperidine" title="Phenoperidine">Phenoperidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piminodine" title="Piminodine">Piminodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piritramide" title="Piritramide">Piritramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proheptazine" title="Proheptazine">Proheptazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propiram" title="Propiram">Propiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remifentanil" title="Remifentanil">Remifentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufentanil" title="Sufentanil">Sufentanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapentadol" title="Tapentadol">Tapentadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilidine" title="Tilidine">Tilidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramadol" title="Tramadol">Tramadol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celecoxib/tramadol" title="Celecoxib/tramadol">+celecoxib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tramadol/paracetamol" title="Tramadol/paracetamol">+paracetamol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viminol" title="Viminol">Viminol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">Paracetamol</a>-type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetanilide" title="Acetanilide">Acetanilide</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucetin" title="Bucetin">Bucetin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Butacetin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butacetin (page does not exist)">Butacetin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a># <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine" title="Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine">+aspirin/caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codeine/paracetamol" title="Codeine/paracetamol">+codeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone/paracetamol" title="Hydrocodone/paracetamol">+hydrocodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen/paracetamol" title="Ibuprofen/paracetamol">+ibuprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol/metoclopramide" title="Paracetamol/metoclopramide">+metoclopramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxycodone/paracetamol" title="Oxycodone/paracetamol">+oxycodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propyphenazone/paracetamol/caffeine" title="Propyphenazone/paracetamol/caffeine">+propyphenazone/caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramadol/paracetamol" title="Tramadol/paracetamol">+tramadol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parapropamol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parapropamol (page does not exist)">Parapropamol</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenacetin" title="Phenacetin">Phenacetin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propacetamol" title="Propacetamol">Propacetamol</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">NSAIDs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Propionates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benoxaprofen" title="Benoxaprofen">Benoxaprofen</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenoprofen" title="Fenoprofen">Fenoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flurbiprofen" title="Flurbiprofen">Flurbiprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a># (<a href="/wiki/Dexibuprofen" title="Dexibuprofen">Dexibuprofen</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen/paracetamol" title="Ibuprofen/paracetamol">+paracetamol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoprofen" title="Ketoprofen">Ketoprofen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dexketoprofen" title="Dexketoprofen">Dexketoprofen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxoprofen" title="Loxoprofen">Loxoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naproxen" title="Naproxen">Naproxen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaprozin" title="Oxaprozin">Oxaprozin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprofen" title="Suprofen">Suprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiaprofenic_acid" title="Tiaprofenic acid">Tiaprofenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaltoprofen" title="Zaltoprofen">Zaltoprofen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oxicams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isoxicam" title="Isoxicam">Isoxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lornoxicam" title="Lornoxicam">Lornoxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meloxicam" title="Meloxicam">Meloxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroxicam" title="Piroxicam">Piroxicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenoxicam" title="Tenoxicam">Tenoxicam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acetates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acemetacin" title="Acemetacin">Acemetacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromfenac" title="Bromfenac">Bromfenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">Diclofenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etodolac" title="Etodolac">Etodolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indometacin" title="Indometacin">Indometacin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indometacin_farnesil" title="Indometacin farnesil">Indometacin farnesil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketorolac" title="Ketorolac">Ketorolac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulindac" title="Sulindac">Sulindac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolmetin" title="Tolmetin">Tolmetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomepirac" title="Zomepirac">Zomepirac</a> ‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COX-2_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="COX-2 inhibitor">COX-2 inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celecoxib" title="Celecoxib">Celecoxib</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celecoxib/tramadol" title="Celecoxib/tramadol">+tramadol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etoricoxib" title="Etoricoxib">Etoricoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumiracoxib" title="Lumiracoxib">Lumiracoxib</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parecoxib" title="Parecoxib">Parecoxib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rofecoxib" title="Rofecoxib">Rofecoxib</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdecoxib" title="Valdecoxib">Valdecoxib</a> ‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fenamic_acid" title="Fenamic acid">Fenamates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefenamic_acid" title="Mefenamic acid">Mefenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">Salicylates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)</a># (<a href="/wiki/Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine" title="Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine">+paracetamol/caffeine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloxiprin" title="Aloxiprin">Aloxiprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benorilate" title="Benorilate">Benorylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbasalate_calcium" title="Carbasalate calcium">Carbasalate calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline_salicylate" class="mw-redirect" title="Choline salicylate">Choline salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diflunisal" title="Diflunisal">Diflunisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipyrocetyl" title="Dipyrocetyl">Dipyrocetyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethenzamide" title="Ethenzamide">Ethenzamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guacetisal" title="Guacetisal">Guacetisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidazole_salicylate" title="Imidazole salicylate">Imidazole salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_salicylate" title="Magnesium salicylate">Magnesium salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morpholine_salicylate" title="Morpholine salicylate">Morpholine salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_salicylate" title="Potassium salicylate">Potassium salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicin" title="Salicin">Salicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylamide" title="Salicylamide">Salicylamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsalate" title="Salsalate">Salsalate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_salicylate" title="Sodium salicylate">Sodium salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintergreen" title="Wintergreen">Wintergreen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Methyl_salicylate" title="Methyl salicylate">methyl salicylate</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pyrazolone" title="Pyrazolone">Pyrazolones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminophenazone" title="Aminophenazone">Aminophenazone</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampyrone" title="Ampyrone">Ampyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamizole" title="Metamizole">Metamizole (dipyrone)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifenazone" title="Nifenazone">Nifenazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazone" title="Phenazone">Phenazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propyphenazone" title="Propyphenazone">Propyphenazone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Propyphenazone/paracetamol/caffeine" title="Propyphenazone/paracetamol/caffeine">+paracetamol/caffeine</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzydamine" title="Benzydamine">Benzydamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floctafenine" title="Floctafenine">Floctafenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glafenine" title="Glafenine">Glafenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabumetone" title="Nabumetone">Nabumetone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimesulide" title="Nimesulide">Nimesulide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proquazone" title="Proquazone">Proquazone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid" title="Cannabinoid">Cannabinoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabilone" title="Nabilone">Nabilone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabiximols" title="Nabiximols">Nabiximols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">Tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Channel_modulator" title="Channel modulator">Ion channel modulators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker" title="Calcium channel blocker">Calcium blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol (ethanol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabapentin" title="Gabapentin">Gabapentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabapentin_enacarbil" title="Gabapentin enacarbil">Gabapentin enacarbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leconotide" title="Leconotide">Leconotide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirogabalin" title="Mirogabalin">Mirogabalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregabalin" title="Pregabalin">Pregabalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziconotide" title="Ziconotide">Ziconotide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_channel_blocker" title="Sodium channel blocker">Sodium blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbamazepine" title="Carbamazepine">Carbamazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacosamide" title="Lacosamide">Lacosamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_anesthetic" title="Local anesthetic">Local anesthetics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">lidocaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexiletine" title="Mexiletine">Mexiletine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefopam" title="Nefopam">Nefopam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">Tricyclic antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">amitriptyline</a>#)</li></ul> <ul><li>Nav1.7/1.8-selective: <a href="/wiki/DSP-2230" title="DSP-2230">DSP-2230</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funapide" title="Funapide">Funapide</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-05089771" title="PF-05089771">PF-05089771</a>§</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_opener" title="Potassium channel opener">Potassium openers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flupirtine" title="Flupirtine">Flupirtine</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muscle_relaxant" title="Muscle relaxant">Myorelaxants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carisoprodol" title="Carisoprodol">Carisoprodol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorzoxazone" title="Chlorzoxazone">Chlorzoxazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclobenzaprine" title="Cyclobenzaprine">Cyclobenzaprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephenoxalone" title="Mephenoxalone">Mephenoxalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methocarbamol" title="Methocarbamol">Methocarbamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphenadrine" title="Orphenadrine">Orphenadrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analgecine" title="Analgecine">Analgecine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analgesic_adjuvant" title="Analgesic adjuvant">Analgesic adjuvant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedinvetmab" title="Bedinvetmab">Bedinvetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsaicin" title="Capsaicin">Capsaicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonidine" title="Clonidine">Clonidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frunevetmab" title="Frunevetmab">Frunevetmab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">Menthol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxyflurane" title="Methoxyflurane">Methoxyflurane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazopyridine" title="Phenazopyridine">Phenazopyridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proglumide" title="Proglumide">Proglumide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimazolium" title="Rimazolium">Rimazolium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanezumab" title="Tanezumab">Tanezumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>#<a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li>‡<a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li>§Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drugs_which_induce_euphoria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Euphoriants" title="Template:Euphoriants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Euphoriants" title="Template talk:Euphoriants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Euphoriants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Euphoriants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drugs_which_induce_euphoria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Drugs which induce <a href="/wiki/Euphoriant" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphoriant">euphoria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-Opioid_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Μ-Opioid receptor">μ-Opioid receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Agonist" title="Agonist">agonists</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">opioids</a>) (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone" title="Hydrocodone">hydrocodone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxycodone" title="Oxycodone">oxycodone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kratom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kratom">kratom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltage-dependent_calcium_channel#.CE.B12.CE.B4_Subunit" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage-dependent calcium channel">α2δ subunit</a>-containing <a href="/wiki/Voltage-dependent_calcium_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage-dependent calcium channel">voltage-dependent calcium channels</a> <a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker" title="Calcium channel blocker">blockers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gabapentinoid" title="Gabapentinoid">gabapentinoids</a>) (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Gabapentin" title="Gabapentin">gabapentin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pregabalin" title="Pregabalin">pregabalin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phenibut" title="Phenibut">phenibut</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMPA_receptor" title="AMPA receptor">AMPA receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_antagonist" title="Receptor antagonist">antagonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Perampanel" title="Perampanel">perampanel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CB1_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="CB1 receptor">CB1 receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Agonist" title="Agonist">agonists</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid" title="Cannabinoid">cannabinoids</a>) (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_agonist" title="Dopamine agonist">Dopamine receptor agonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Levodopa" title="Levodopa">levodopa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_releasing_agent" title="Dopamine releasing agent">Dopamine releasing agents</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">amphetamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mephedrone" title="Mephedrone">mephedrone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Dopamine reuptake inhibitor">Dopamine reuptake inhibitors</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methylphenidate" title="Methylphenidate">methylphenidate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GABAA_receptor" title="GABAA receptor">GABAA receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Positive_allosteric_modulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive allosteric modulator">positive allosteric modulators</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">barbiturates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">benzodiazepines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbamate" title="Carbamate">carbamates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">ethanol (alcohol)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">alcoholic drink</a>), <a href="/wiki/Inhalant" title="Inhalant">inhalants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nonbenzodiazepine" title="Nonbenzodiazepine">nonbenzodiazepines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quinazolinone" title="Quinazolinone">quinazolinones</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid">GHB</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sodium_oxybate" title="Sodium oxybate">sodium oxybate</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Structural_analog" title="Structural analog">analogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">Glucocorticoids (corticosteroids)</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">dexamethasone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">prednisone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_agonist" title="Nicotinic agonist">nACh receptor agonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">nicotine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arecoline" title="Arecoline">arecoline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide_donor" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitric oxide donor">Nitric oxide prodrugs</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Alkyl_nitrite" title="Alkyl nitrite">alkyl nitrites</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poppers" title="Poppers">poppers</a>))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NMDA_receptor_antagonist" title="NMDA receptor antagonist">NMDA receptor antagonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">DXM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">ketamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methoxetamine" title="Methoxetamine">methoxetamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">nitrous oxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phencyclidine" title="Phencyclidine">phencyclidine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inhalant" title="Inhalant">inhalants</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orexin_antagonist" title="Orexin antagonist">Orexin receptor antagonists</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Suvorexant" title="Suvorexant">suvorexant</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Drug_use" title="Template:Drug use">Recreational drug use</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Psychoactive_substance-related_disorders" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Psychoactive_substance_use" title="Template:Psychoactive substance use"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Psychoactive_substance_use" title="Template talk:Psychoactive substance use"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Psychoactive_substance_use" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Psychoactive substance use"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Psychoactive_substance-related_disorders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Psychoactive_drug" title="Psychoactive drug">Psychoactive</a> <a href="/wiki/Substance-related_disorder" title="Substance-related disorder">substance-related disorders</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Substance-related_disorder#Substance-induced_disorders" title="Substance-related disorder">SID</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Substance_intoxication" title="Substance intoxication">Substance intoxication</a> / <a href="/wiki/Drug_overdose" title="Drug overdose">Drug overdose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance-induced_psychosis" title="Substance-induced psychosis">Substance-induced psychosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_withdrawal" title="Drug withdrawal">Withdrawal</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neonatal_withdrawal" title="Neonatal withdrawal">Neonatal withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-acute-withdrawal_syndrome" title="Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome">Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome</a> (PAWS)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_use_disorder" title="Substance use disorder">SUD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">Substance abuse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Substance-related_disorder" title="Substance-related disorder">Substance-related disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_dependence" title="Physical dependence">Physical dependence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Psychological_dependence" title="Psychological dependence">Psychological dependence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Substance_dependence" title="Substance dependence">Substance dependence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combined substance use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polysubstance_dependence" title="Polysubstance dependence">Polysubstance dependence</a></li></ul></li> <li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combined_drug_intoxication" title="Combined drug intoxication">Combined drug intoxication</a> (CDI)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SID</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cardiovascular_disease" title="Alcohol and cardiovascular disease">Cardiovascular diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_cardiomyopathy" title="Alcoholic cardiomyopathy">Alcoholic cardiomyopathy</a> (ACM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_flush_reaction" title="Alcohol flush reaction">Alcohol flush reaction</a> (AFR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_disease" title="Gastrointestinal disease">Gastrointestinal diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_liver_disease" title="Alcoholic liver disease">Alcoholic liver disease</a> (ALD): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_hepatitis" title="Alcoholic hepatitis">Alcoholic hepatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zieve%27s_syndrome" title="Zieve's syndrome">Zieve's syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto-brewery_syndrome" title="Auto-brewery syndrome">Auto-brewery syndrome</a> (ABS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_disease" title="Endocrine disease">Endocrine diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_ketoacidosis" title="Alcoholic ketoacidosis">Alcoholic ketoacidosis</a> (AKA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nervous_system_disease" title="Nervous system disease">Nervous system diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_dementia" title="Alcohol-related dementia">Alcohol-related dementia</a> (ARD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">Alcohol intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangover" title="Hangover">Hangover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neurological_disorder" title="Neurological disorder">Neurological disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_hallucinosis" title="Alcoholic hallucinosis">Alcoholic hallucinosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_polyneuropathy" title="Alcoholic polyneuropathy">Alcoholic polyneuropathy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_brain_damage" title="Alcohol-related brain damage">Alcohol-related brain damage</a> (ARDB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_withdrawal_syndrome" title="Alcohol withdrawal syndrome">Alcohol withdrawal syndrome</a> (AWS): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_hallucinosis" title="Alcoholic hallucinosis">Alcoholic hallucinosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delirium_tremens" title="Delirium tremens">Delirium tremens</a> (DTs)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_spectrum_disorder" title="Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder">Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder</a> (FASD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korsakoff_syndrome" title="Korsakoff syndrome">Korsakoff syndrome</a> (KS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchiafava%E2%80%93Bignami_disease" title="Marchiafava–Bignami disease">Marchiafava–Bignami disease</a> (MBD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positional_alcohol_nystagmus" title="Positional alcohol nystagmus">Positional alcohol nystagmus</a> (PAN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernicke%E2%80%93Korsakoff_syndrome" title="Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome">Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome</a> (WKS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernicke_encephalopathy" title="Wernicke encephalopathy">Wernicke encephalopathy</a> (WE)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_disease" title="Respiratory disease">Respiratory tract diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-induced_respiratory_reactions" title="Alcohol-induced respiratory reactions">Alcohol-induced respiratory reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_lung_disease" title="Alcoholic lung disease">Alcoholic lung disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SUD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">Alcoholism</a> (alcohol use disorder (AUD))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">Binge drinking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine-induced_anxiety_disorder" title="Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder">Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine-induced_psychosis" title="Caffeine-induced psychosis">Caffeine-induced psychosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine-induced_sleep_disorder" title="Caffeine-induced sleep disorder">Caffeine-induced sleep disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeinism" title="Caffeinism">Caffeinism</a></li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine_dependence" title="Caffeine dependence">Caffeine dependence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cannabis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabis_arteritis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabis arteritis (page does not exist)">Cannabis arteritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_hyperemesis_syndrome" title="Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome">Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome</a> (CHS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_marijuana_syndrome" title="Intravenous marijuana syndrome">Intravenous marijuana syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amotivational_syndrome" title="Amotivational syndrome">Amotivational syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_use_disorder" title="Cannabis use disorder">Cannabis use disorder</a> (CUD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_cannabinoid_use_disorder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder (page does not exist)">Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">Cocaine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine_intoxication" title="Cocaine intoxication">Cocaine intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_cocaine_exposure" title="Prenatal cocaine exposure">Prenatal cocaine exposure</a> (PCE)</li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine_dependence" title="Cocaine dependence">Cocaine dependence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hallucinogen" title="Hallucinogen">Hallucinogen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bad_trip" title="Bad trip">Acute intoxication from hallucinogens (bad trip)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallucinogen_persisting_perception_disorder" title="Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder">Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder</a> (HPPD)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Tobacco_Sickness" title="Green Tobacco Sickness">Green Tobacco Sickness</a> (GTS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine_poisoning" title="Nicotine poisoning">Nicotine poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine_withdrawal" title="Nicotine withdrawal">Nicotine withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine_dependence" title="Nicotine dependence">Nicotine dependence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">Opioids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_overdose" title="Opioid overdose">Opioid overdose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_withdrawal" title="Opioid withdrawal">Opioid withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid-induced_hyperalgesia" title="Opioid-induced hyperalgesia">Opioid-induced hyperalgesia</a> (OIH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid-induced_endocrinopathy" title="Opioid-induced endocrinopathy">Opioid-induced endocrinopathy</a> (OIE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid-induced_constipation" class="mw-redirect" title="Opioid-induced constipation">Opioid-induced constipation</a> (OIC)</li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_use_disorder" title="Opioid use disorder">Opioid use disorder</a> (OUD)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sedative" title="Sedative">Sedative</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hypnotic" title="Hypnotic">hypnotic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kindling_(sedative%E2%80%93hypnotic_withdrawal)" title="Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal)">Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">benzodiazepine</a>: SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine_overdose" title="Benzodiazepine overdose">Benzodiazepine overdose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine_withdrawal_syndrome" title="Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome">Benzodiazepine withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine_use_disorder" title="Benzodiazepine use disorder">Benzodiazepine use disorder</a> (BUD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine_dependence" title="Benzodiazepine dependence">Benzodiazepine dependence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">barbiturate</a>: SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate_overdose" title="Barbiturate overdose">Barbiturate overdose</a></li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate_dependence" title="Barbiturate dependence">Barbiturate dependence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stimulant" title="Stimulant">Stimulants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stimulant_psychosis" title="Stimulant psychosis">Stimulant psychosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">amphetamine</a>: SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine_dependence" title="Amphetamine dependence">Amphetamine dependence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">Volatile solvent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>SID <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudden_sniffing_death_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudden sniffing death syndrome">Sudden sniffing death syndrome</a> (SSDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toluene_toxicity" title="Toluene toxicity">Toluene toxicity</a></li></ul></li> <li>SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_solvent-induced_encephalopathy" title="Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy">Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhalant" title="Inhalant">Inhalant abuse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabolic-androgenic_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabolic-androgenic steroid">Anabolic-androgenic steroids</a>: SUD <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabolic-androgenic_steroids_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabolic-androgenic steroids abuse">Anabolic-androgenic steroids abuse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocoholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chocoholic">Chocolate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recreational_drug_use" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Drug_use" title="Template:Drug use"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Drug_use" title="Template talk:Drug use"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Drug_use" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Drug use"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recreational_drug_use" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_use" title="Recreational drug use">Recreational drug use</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="Major_recreational_drugs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major recreational drugs</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depressant" title="Depressant">Depressants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">Barbiturates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamate" title="Carbamate">Carbamates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Ethanol (alcohol)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabapentinoid" title="Gabapentinoid">Gabapentinoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid">GHB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhalant" title="Inhalant">Inhalants</a> <ul><li>Medical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Recreational_use_of_nitrous_oxide" title="Recreational use of nitrous oxide">recreational use</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Hazardous <a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">solvents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive#Contact" title="Adhesive">contact adhesives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">Gasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_polish#Nail_polish_remover" title="Nail polish">nail polish remover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_thinner" title="Paint thinner">Paint thinner</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freon" title="Freon">Freon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">Kava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonbenzodiazepine" title="Nonbenzodiazepine">Nonbenzodiazepines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinazolinone" title="Quinazolinone">Quinazolinones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">Opioids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buprenorphine" title="Buprenorphine">Buprenorphine</a> <ul><li>Suboxone</li> <li>Subutex</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">Codeine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lean_(drug)" title="Lean (drug)">Lean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desomorphine" title="Desomorphine">Desomorphine</a> <ul><li>Krokodil</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextropropoxyphene" title="Dextropropoxyphene">Dextropropoxyphene</a> <ul><li>Darvocet</li> <li>Darvon</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">Fentanyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">Diamorphine</a> <ul><li>Heroin</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocodone" title="Hydrocodone">Hydrocodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromorphone" title="Hydromorphone">Hydromorphone</a> <ul><li>Dilaudid</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">Methadone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitragyna_speciosa" title="Mitragyna speciosa">Mitragyna speciosa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kratom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kratom">Kratom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">Morphine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">Opium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxycodone" title="Oxycodone">Oxycodone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxycodone/paracetamol" title="Oxycodone/paracetamol">/paracetamol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramadol" title="Tramadol">Tramadol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stimulant" title="Stimulant">Stimulants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">Amphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecoline" title="Arecoline">Arecoline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areca" title="Areca">Areca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paan" class="mw-redirect" title="Paan">Betel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_drink" title="Energy drink">Energy drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathinone" title="Cathinone">Cathinone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khat" title="Khat">Khat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">Cocaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coca" title="Coca">Coca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crack_cocaine" title="Crack cocaine">Crack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ephedra_(medicine)" title="Ephedra (medicine)">Ephedra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxypyrovalerone" title="Methylenedioxypyrovalerone">MDPV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephedrone" title="Mephedrone">Mephedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">Methamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylone" title="Methylone">Methylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylphenidate" title="Methylphenidate">Methylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modafinil" title="Modafinil">Modafinil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine_polacrilex" title="Nicotine polacrilex">Polacrilex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine_salt" title="Nicotine salt">Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">Tobacco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobromine" title="Theobromine">Theobromine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">Chocolate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Empathogen%E2%80%93entactogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Empathogen–entactogen">Entactogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2C_(psychedelics)" title="2C (psychedelics)">2C series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-APB" title="6-APB">6-APB</a> <ul><li>Benzofury</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Methyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Methyltryptamine">AMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine" title="3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine">MDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MDMA#Forms" title="MDMA">Ecstasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMA#Forms" title="MDMA">Molly</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hallucinogen" title="Hallucinogen">Hallucinogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_drug" title="Psychedelic drug">Psychedelics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bufotenin" title="Bufotenin">Bufotenin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_toad" title="Colorado River toad">Psychoactive toads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anadenanthera_colubrina" title="Anadenanthera colubrina">Vilca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anadenanthera_peregrina" title="Anadenanthera peregrina">Yopo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N,N-Dimethyltryptamine" title="N,N-Dimethyltryptamine">DMT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayahuasca" title="Ayahuasca">Ayahuasca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergine" title="Ergine">LSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LSD" title="LSD">LSD-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mescaline" title="Mescaline">Mescaline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echinopsis_peruviana" class="mw-redirect" title="Echinopsis peruviana">Peruvian torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyote" title="Peyote">Peyote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinopsis_pachanoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Echinopsis pachanoi">San Pedro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psilocybin" title="Psilocybin">Psilocybin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Psilocin" title="Psilocin">Psilocin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psilocybin_mushroom" title="Psilocybin mushroom">Psilocybin mushrooms</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dissociative" title="Dissociative">Dissociatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">DXM</a> (<a href="/wiki/Recreational_use_of_dextromethorphan" title="Recreational use of dextromethorphan">recreational use</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucine" title="Glaucine">Glaucine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhalant" title="Inhalant">Inhalants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Recreational_use_of_nitrous_oxide" title="Recreational use of nitrous oxide">recreational use</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkyl_nitrites" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkyl nitrites">alkyl nitrites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppers" title="Poppers">poppers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyl_nitrite" title="Amyl nitrite">amyl nitrite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxetamine" title="Methoxetamine">MXE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscimol" title="Muscimol">Muscimol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanita_muscaria" title="Amanita muscaria">Amanita muscaria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phencyclidine" title="Phencyclidine">PCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvinorin_A" title="Salvinorin A">Salvinorin A</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_divinorum" title="Salvia divinorum">Salvia divinorum</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Deliriant" title="Deliriant">Deliriants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">Atropine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scopolamine" title="Scopolamine">Scopolamine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropa_belladonna" title="Atropa belladonna">Atropa belladonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datura" title="Datura">Datura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscyamus_niger" title="Hyoscyamus niger">Hyoscyamus niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandragora_officinarum" title="Mandragora officinarum">Mandragora officinarum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimenhydrinate" title="Dimenhydrinate">Dimenhydrinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">Diphenhydramine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid" title="Cannabinoid">Cannabinoids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cannabis (Marijuana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">Hashish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hash_oil" title="Hash oil">Hash oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocannabinoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Neocannabinoid">Neocannabinoid / synthetic cannabinoids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JWH-018" title="JWH-018">JWH-018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APICA_(synthetic_cannabinoid_drug)" title="APICA (synthetic cannabinoid drug)">APICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APINACA" title="APINACA">APINACA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_(drug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spice (drug)">Spice</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Oneirogen" title="Oneirogen">Oneirogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calea_ternifolia" title="Calea ternifolia">Calea zacatechichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silene_undulata" title="Silene undulata">Silene capensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Club_drug" title="Club drug">Club drugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">Cocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methaqualone" title="Methaqualone">Quaaludes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MDMA#Forms" title="MDMA">Ecstasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMA#Forms" title="MDMA">Molly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">Nitrous oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Recreational_use_of_nitrous_oxide" title="Recreational use of nitrous oxide">recreational use</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppers" title="Poppers">Poppers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="Drug_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Drug_culture" title="Drug culture">Drug culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_culture" title="Cannabis culture">Cannabis culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/420_(cannabis_culture)" title="420 (cannabis culture)">420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_consumption" title="Cannabis consumption">Cannabis consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_cultivation" title="Cannabis cultivation">Cannabis cultivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_edible" title="Cannabis edible">Cannabis edible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_rights" title="Cannabis rights">Cannabis rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_rights_leaders" title="List of cannabis rights leaders">Cannabis rights leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_rights_organizations" title="List of cannabis rights organizations">List of cannabis rights organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_smoking" title="Cannabis smoking">Cannabis smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Social_Club" title="Cannabis Social Club">Cannabis Social Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_tea" title="Cannabis tea">Cannabis tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporizer_(inhalation_device)#Cannabis_vaporizers" title="Vaporizer (inhalation device)">Cannabis vaping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_shop" title="Head shop">Head shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legal history of cannabis in the United States">Legal history of cannabis in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis" title="Legality of cannabis">Legality of cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Policy_Project" title="Marijuana Policy Project">Marijuana Policy Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">Medical cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_the_Reform_of_Marijuana_Laws" title="National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws">NORML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_religion" title="Cannabis and religion">Cannabis and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner film</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coffee_culture" title="Coffee culture">Coffee culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Break_(work)#Coffee_break" title="Break (work)">Coffee break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">Coffeehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latte_art" title="Latte art">Latte art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teahouse" title="Teahouse">Teahouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture" title="Drinking culture">Drinking culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartender" title="Bartender">Bartending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer#Beer_and_society" title="Beer">Beer culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_festival" title="Beer festival">Beer festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">Binge drinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diethyl_ether#Recreational_use" title="Diethyl ether">Diethyl ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_game" title="Drinking game">Drinking games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_song" title="Drinking song">Drinking song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_hour" title="Happy hour">Happy hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_flask" title="Hip flask">Hip flask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">Nightclub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktoberfest" title="Oktoberfest">Oktoberfest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">Pub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_crawl" title="Pub crawl">Pub crawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommelier" title="Sommelier">Sommelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_(establishment)" title="Bar (establishment)">Sports bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailgate_party" title="Tailgate party">Tailgate party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bar" title="Wine bar">Wine bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_tasting" title="Wine tasting">Wine tasting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Psychedelia" title="Psychedelia">Psychedelia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychonautics" title="Psychonautics">Psychonautics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_drug" title="Psychedelic drug">Drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_era" title="Psychedelic era">Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_experience" title="Psychedelic experience">Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychedelic literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_microdosing" title="Psychedelic microdosing">Microdosing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_shop" title="Smart shop">Smart shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_therapy" title="Psychedelic therapy">Therapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Smoking#Society_and_culture" title="Smoking">Smoking culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cigarette_card" title="Cigarette card">Cigarette card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_cigarettes" title="Fashion cigarettes">Fashion cigarettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud-chasing" title="Cloud-chasing">Cloud-chasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loosie" title="Loosie">Loosie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokeasy" title="Smokeasy">Smokeasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_fetishism" title="Smoking fetishism">Smoking fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">Tobacco smoking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chasing_the_dragon" title="Chasing the dragon">Chasing the dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_drug" title="Club drug">Club drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_party" title="Dance party">Dance party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_paraphernalia" title="Drug paraphernalia">Drug paraphernalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_tourism" title="Recreational drug tourism">Drug tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">Hippie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_sharing" title="Needle sharing">Needle sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nootropic" title="Nootropic">Nootropic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_and_play" title="Party and play">Party and play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poly_drug_use" class="mw-redirect" title="Poly drug use">Poly drug use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">Rave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_drugs" title="Religion and drugs">Religion and drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-medication" title="Self-medication">Self-medication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_drugs" title="Sex and drugs">Sex and drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legends_about_drugs" title="Urban legends about drugs">Urban legends about drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoonga" title="Whoonga">Whoonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="Legality_of_drug_use" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Legality of drug use</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_drug_control_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations drug control conventions">International drug control conventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs">1961 Narcotic Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances" title="Convention on Psychotropic Substances">1971 Psychotropic Substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_Against_Illicit_Traffic_in_Narcotic_Drugs_and_Psychotropic_Substances" title="United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances">1988 Drug Trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other treaties addressing drugs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea" title="United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea">Law of the Sea Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_Against_Doping_in_Sport" title="International Convention Against Doping in Sport">Convention Against Doping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union_decisions_on_designer_drugs" title="Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs">Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drug policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization" title="Decriminalization">Decriminalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalization" title="Legalization">Legalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of drugs">Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply_reduction" title="Supply reduction">Supply reduction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug policy reform">Policy reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demand_reduction" title="Demand reduction">Demand reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Policy_Alliance" title="Drug Policy Alliance">Drug Policy Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_reduction" title="Harm reduction">Harm reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Action_Partnership" title="Law Enforcement Action Partnership">Law Enforcement Action Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Liberalization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_drug_legalization" title="Latin American drug legalization">Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_Sensible_Drug_Policy" title="Students for Sensible Drug Policy">Students for Sensible Drug Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_Drug_Policy_Foundation" title="Transform Drug Policy Foundation">Transform Drug Policy Foundation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drug policy by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy#Australia" title="Drug policy">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Canada" title="Drug policy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug policy of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy#Germany" title="Drug policy">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_India" title="Drug policy of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Drug policy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Portugal" title="Drug policy of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Slovakia" title="Drug policy of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Drug policy of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Sweden" title="Drug policy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy#Switzerland" title="Drug policy">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_drug_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Federal drug policy of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Just_Say_No" title="Just Say No">Just Say No</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_Drug_Control_Policy" title="Office of National Drug Control Policy">Office of National Drug Control Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_district_drug_policies" title="School district drug policies">School district drug policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_California" title="Drug policy of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Colorado" title="Cannabis in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Maryland" title="Drug policy of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Oregon" title="Drug policy of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Virginia" title="Drug policy of Virginia">Virginia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drug legality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_law" title="Alcohol law">Alcohol legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabolic_steroid#Legal_status" title="Anabolic steroid">Anabolic steroid legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis" title="Legality of cannabis">Cannabis legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_cocaine" title="Legal status of cocaine">Cocaine legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_methamphetamine" title="Legal status of methamphetamine">Methamphetamine legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psilocybin_decriminalization_in_the_United_States" title="Psilocybin decriminalization in the United States">Psilocybin decriminalization in the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_psilocybin_mushrooms" title="Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms">Psilocybin mushrooms legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_Salvia_divinorum" title="Legal status of Salvia divinorum">Salvia legality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arguments_for_and_against_drug_prohibition" title="Arguments for and against drug prohibition">Arguments for and against drug prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_rights" title="Cannabis rights">Cannabis rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_drug_trafficking" title="Capital punishment for drug trafficking">Capital punishment for drug trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_liberty" title="Cognitive liberty">Cognitive liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designer_drug" title="Designer drug">Designer drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_court" title="Drug court">Drug court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_possession" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug possession">Drug possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_test" title="Drug test">Drug test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informant" title="Informant">Narc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_drug_abuse" title="Politics of drug abuse">Politics of drug abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">War on drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_war" title="Mexican drug war">Mexican drug war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Colombia" title="Plan Colombia">Plan Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_drug_war" title="Philippine drug war">Philippine drug war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_tolerance" title="Zero tolerance">Zero tolerance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drug production and trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Drug production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coca_production_in_Colombia" title="Coca production in Colombia">Coca production in Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precursor_chemicals" title="Precursor chemicals">Drug precursors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium_production_in_Afghanistan" title="Opium production in Afghanistan">Opium production in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_meth_lab" title="Rolling meth lab">Rolling meth lab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Drug trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">Illegal drug trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Aruba" title="Illegal drug trade in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drugs_in_Cambodia" title="Drugs in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_China" title="Illegal drug trade in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia" title="Illegal drug trade in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_El_Salvador" title="Illegal drug trade in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Haiti" title="Illegal drug trade in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_the_Indian_Ocean_region" title="Illegal drug trade in the Indian Ocean region">Indian Ocean region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Japan" title="Illegal drug trade in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Latin_America" title="Illegal drug trade in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_trafficking_in_Mauritius" title="Drug trafficking in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Panama" title="Illegal drug trade in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Paraguay" title="Illegal drug trade in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_the_Philippines" title="Illegal drug trade in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Illegal drug trade in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Seychelles" title="Illegal drug trade in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Turkey" title="Illegal drug trade in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Illegal drug trade in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal drug trade in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_the_United_States" title="Illegal drug trade in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Venezuela" title="Illegal drug trade in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darknet_market" title="Darknet market">Darknet market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_distribution" title="Pharmaceutical distribution">Pharmaceutical distribution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_shop" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer shop">Beer shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_shop" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis shop">Cannabis shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquor_store" title="Liquor store">Liquor store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquor_license" title="Liquor license">Liquor license</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues with drug use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addiction" title="Addiction">Addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_rape_drug" title="Date rape drug">Date rape drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_dependence" title="Substance dependence">Dependence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">Driving impaired</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_harmfulness" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug harmfulness">Drug harmfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis" title="Effects of cannabis">Effects of cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug-related_crime" title="Drug-related crime">Drug-related crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_spectrum_disorder" title="Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder">Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis" title="Long-term effects of cannabis">Long-term effects of cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotoxicity" title="Neurotoxicity">Neurotoxicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_overdose" title="Drug overdose">Overdose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_smoking" title="Passive smoking">Passive smoking</a> <ul><li>of tobacco or other substances</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Harm reduction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_checking" title="Drug checking">Drug checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_legalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug legalization">Drug legalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation" title="Drug rehabilitation">Drug rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_and_syringe_programmes" title="Needle and syringe programmes">Needle and syringe programmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_replacement_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Opioid replacement therapy">Opioid replacement therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacovigilance" title="Pharmacovigilance">Pharmacovigilance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagent_testing" title="Reagent testing">Reagent testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Regulation of therapeutic goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsible_drug_use" title="Responsible drug use">Responsible drug use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse_prevention" title="Substance abuse prevention">Substance abuse prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervised_injection_site" title="Supervised injection site">Supervised injection site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries by drug use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_alcohol_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita">Alcohol consumption</a></li> <li><a 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.portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannabis_leaf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/18px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/27px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/36px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="546" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cannabis" title="Portal:Cannabis">Cannabis</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85019610">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119422012">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119422012">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567493">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122639&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007283360305171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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