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(PDF) Limits of Law in Ending Impunity for State Crime: Time to Re-frame the International Criminal Court's Mandate?
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It suggests that the replication of domestic criminal justice responses – crime defined by the state, an emphasis on individual culpability, reliance on deterrence and the rule of law – is unsuitable for conceiving and tackling state criminality at a supranational level. States may evade the jurisdiction of the Court and exploit delays caused by the Courts\u0026amp;amp;#39; formal rules of procedure and evidence. They may also depend on the non-cooperation of state parties to bring perpetrators to justice and the lack of political unity within the United Nations Security Council. With increasing resort to domestic courts and national agencies to close the impunity gap, it is timely to revisit the Court\u0026amp;amp;#39;s mandate, to clarify its function as a ...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Natalie Kyneswood","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NatalieKyneswood"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-03-18","dateModified":"2023-03-18","datePublished":"2019-01-01","headline":"Limits of Law in Ending Impunity for State Crime: Time to Re-frame the International Criminal Court's Mandate?","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100000509/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Law","State crime","Political Science","Jurisdiction","Universal Jurisdiction","Impunity","Mandate","Statute","Jz"],"publication":"State Crime Journal","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Pluto Journals"},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/100000509/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/98727466/Limits_of_Law_in_Ending_Impunity_for_State_Crime_Time_to_Re_frame_the_International_Criminal_Courts_Mandate"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: 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window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":98727466,"created_at":"2023-03-18T02:26:50.126-07:00","from_world_paper_id":229859361,"updated_at":"2023-04-28T01:36:19.068-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"Adopting a definition of state crime as deviance, rather than international crime committed by states, this article critically evaluates the limits of law and the efficacy of the Rome Statute in delivering the International Criminal Court\u0026#39;s mandate. It suggests that the replication of domestic criminal justice responses – crime defined by the state, an emphasis on individual culpability, reliance on deterrence and the rule of law – is unsuitable for conceiving and tackling state criminality at a supranational level. States may evade the jurisdiction of the Court and exploit delays caused by the Courts\u0026#39; formal rules of procedure and evidence. They may also depend on the non-cooperation of state parties to bring perpetrators to justice and the lack of political unity within the United Nations Security Council. With increasing resort to domestic courts and national agencies to close the impunity gap, it is timely to revisit the Court\u0026#39;s mandate, to clarify its function as a ...","publisher":"Pluto Journals","publication_date":"2019,,","publication_name":"State Crime Journal"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Limits of Law in Ending Impunity for State Crime: Time to Re-frame the International Criminal Court's Mandate?","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [48675249]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":100000509,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Limits of Law in Ending Impunity for State Crime: Time to Re-frame the International Criminal Court's Mandate?”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/100000509/mini_magick20230318-1-1kbrnj.png?1679131656" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Limits of Law in Ending Impunity for State Crime: Time to Re-frame the International Criminal Court's Mandate?</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48675249" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NatalieKyneswood"><img alt="Profile image of Natalie Kyneswood" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/48675249/114691269/103971975/s65_natalie.kyneswood.jpeg" />Natalie Kyneswood</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019, State Crime Journal</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">22 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 98727466; 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It suggests that the replication of domestic criminal justice responses – crime defined by the state, an emphasis on individual culpability, reliance on deterrence and the rule of law – is unsuitable for conceiving and tackling state criminality at a supranational level. States may evade the jurisdiction of the Court and exploit delays caused by the Courts&#39; formal rules of procedure and evidence. They may also depend on the non-cooperation of state parties to bring perpetrators to justice and the lack of political unity within the United Nations Security Council. With increasing resort to domestic courts and national agencies to close the impunity gap, it is timely to revisit the Court&#39;s mandate, to clarify its function as a ...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":100000509,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/98727466/Limits_of_Law_in_Ending_Impunity_for_State_Crime_Time_to_Re_frame_the_International_Criminal_Courts_Mandate"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":100000509,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/98727466/Limits_of_Law_in_Ending_Impunity_for_State_Crime_Time_to_Re_frame_the_International_Criminal_Courts_Mandate"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="98727466" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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The principle of State sovereignty has served as a foundation of the international legal order for centuries because the State is traditionally considered to be the subject as well as the maker of international law. It is, however, a very contentious principle because many attempts have been made to give it a specific content, but this content has to be redefined in the light of modern trends and developments at the international level, which is then reflected at the national level. The concept has therefore always existed within an interstate paradigm, whereby States interact, cooperate and bargain with one another to serve and safeguard their own interests. However, the human rights movement has changed this state of affairs, and the creation of a permanent international criminal court represents a culmination of this movement. T...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Revisiting the International Criminal Law Regime established by the Rome Statute from the perspective of State Sovereignty","attachmentId":89719597,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84828701/Revisiting_the_International_Criminal_Law_Regime_established_by_the_Rome_Statute_from_the_perspective_of_State_Sovereignty","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84828701/Revisiting_the_International_Criminal_Law_Regime_established_by_the_Rome_Statute_from_the_perspective_of_State_Sovereignty"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="87737327" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87737327/Introduction_Twenty_Years_of_the_Rome_Statute_Functions_Goals_Effectiveness_Challenges_of_the_International_Criminal_Court">Introduction. Twenty Years of the Rome Statute: Functions, Goals, Effectiveness -Challenges of the International Criminal Court</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3494681" href="https://ljmu.academia.edu/triestinomariniello">triestino mariniello</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Criminal Law Review, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction. Twenty Years of the Rome Statute: Functions, Goals, Effectiveness -Challenges of the International Criminal Court","attachmentId":91867404,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87737327/Introduction_Twenty_Years_of_the_Rome_Statute_Functions_Goals_Effectiveness_Challenges_of_the_International_Criminal_Court","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87737327/Introduction_Twenty_Years_of_the_Rome_Statute_Functions_Goals_Effectiveness_Challenges_of_the_International_Criminal_Court"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="10308156" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10308156/The_Responsibility_of_the_State_for_International_Crimes_More_Questions_than_Answers">The Responsibility of the State for International Crimes – More Questions than Answers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14684014" href="https://uonbi.academia.edu/PONYANGO">PETER ONYANGO ONYOYO</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract: The responsibility of the state for international criminal offences is a debatable topic under the regime of public international law. World well known scholars of international law, researchers, analysts and experts, still question the viability of the criminal judicial authority to prosecute a sitting Head of State or Government outside the territorial jurisdiction. We have attempted to approach this argument from the case which faced the 4th President of the Republic of Kenya and the sudden withdrawal of the case by the OTP. The article admits that lex lata concerning State responsibility is still soft while the whole argument of the future of the international criminal justice system is tenable giving deep legal insights based on doctrines and practices of the international law.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Responsibility of the State for International Crimes – More Questions than Answers","attachmentId":36381546,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10308156/The_Responsibility_of_the_State_for_International_Crimes_More_Questions_than_Answers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10308156/The_Responsibility_of_the_State_for_International_Crimes_More_Questions_than_Answers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="80678385" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80678385/The_Relationship_Between_State_and_Individual_Responsibility_for_International_Crimes_by_Beatrice_I_Bonaf%C3%A8_Martinus_Nijhoff_Publishers_Leiden_2009_284_pp_ISBN_978_90_04_17331_6_106_h_bk_">The Relationship Between State and Individual Responsibility for International Crimes by Beatrice I Bonafè [Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, 2009, 284 pp, ISBN 978-90-04-17331-6, $106 (h/bk)]</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56892350" href="https://uniroma1.academia.edu/BeatriceBonaf%C3%A9">Beatrice Bonafé</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Relationship Between State and Individual Responsibility for International Crimes by Beatrice I Bonafè [Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, 2009, 284 pp, ISBN 978-90-04-17331-6, $106 (h/bk)]","attachmentId":86981554,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80678385/The_Relationship_Between_State_and_Individual_Responsibility_for_International_Crimes_by_Beatrice_I_Bonaf%C3%A8_Martinus_Nijhoff_Publishers_Leiden_2009_284_pp_ISBN_978_90_04_17331_6_106_h_bk_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80678385/The_Relationship_Between_State_and_Individual_Responsibility_for_International_Crimes_by_Beatrice_I_Bonaf%C3%A8_Martinus_Nijhoff_Publishers_Leiden_2009_284_pp_ISBN_978_90_04_17331_6_106_h_bk_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="40155331" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40155331/Crimes_Against_the_Sovereign_Order_Rethinking_International_Criminal_Justice">Crimes Against the Sovereign Order: Rethinking International Criminal Justice</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50901821" href="https://westernu.academia.edu/RyanLiss">Ryan Liss</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of International Law, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The scope of international criminal jurisdiction poses a fundamental challenge for criminal law theory. Prevailing justifications for the state’s authority to punish crime assume the existence of connections between the state and either the criminal or the crime. However, such connections are not required in the international criminal law context, where individuals can be tried before the courts of foreign states that are unconnected to the offense, or before international tribunals. Acknowledging this gap in existing criminal law theory requires us to identify the characteristic that distinguishes international crimes from domestic ones and to consider whether that distinction can justify the unusual authority of non-nexus institutions to punish international criminals. Without a convincing answer to this question, we must consider whether the core structure of our international criminal justice framework – universal and international punishment – is illegitimate. This article introduces a new theory of what distinguishes international crimes from domestic crimes and justifies the unusual scope of international criminal jurisdiction, grounded in the history of the field. What we have defined as international crime has changed dramatically over the course of recent centuries; as the article demonstrates, since the late eighteenth century, there have been three distinct periods, each defined by a focus on a different archetype of international offense. However, these were not isolated changes. Throughout the three eras of international criminal law, international society has been structured as a legal order of sovereign states—or a sovereign order—which itself has undergone a series of significant transitions. The changes in international crime relate to changes in the nature of the sovereign order in a significant way. Specifically, the paradigmatic international offenses emblematic of each era violated the organizing principles around which the system of sovereign states was structured in each period. What ultimately distinguishes international crimes from domestic ones is that international crimes undermine the ordering of international society into a system of sovereign states. Tracing this connection between international offenses and these organizing principles also points to a potential link to domestic criminal law theories that justify criminal punishment on the basis that state authority to punish is necessary to secure the rule of law within the domestic realm. Likewise, international criminal punishment might be justified on the basis that securing the existence of a system of states is required to create the global conditions necessary to secure the rule of law within each state.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Crimes Against the Sovereign Order: Rethinking International Criminal Justice","attachmentId":60552156,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40155331/Crimes_Against_the_Sovereign_Order_Rethinking_International_Criminal_Justice","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40155331/Crimes_Against_the_Sovereign_Order_Rethinking_International_Criminal_Justice"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="85532020" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85532020/Corruption_and_Impunity_as_Catalysts_of_Core_Crimes_A_Challenge_to_the_International_Criminal_Court">Corruption and Impunity as Catalysts of Core Crimes: A Challenge to the International Criminal Court</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="233192618" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoConde34">Francisco Conde</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7622905" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/TaniaIxchelAtilano">Tania Ixchel Atilano</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Strafrecht und Systemunrecht Festschrift für Gerhard Werle zum 70. Geburtstag, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Corruption and Impunity as Catalysts of Core Crimes: A Challenge to the International Criminal Court","attachmentId":90202947,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85532020/Corruption_and_Impunity_as_Catalysts_of_Core_Crimes_A_Challenge_to_the_International_Criminal_Court","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85532020/Corruption_and_Impunity_as_Catalysts_of_Core_Crimes_A_Challenge_to_the_International_Criminal_Court"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="7575990" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7575990/Bridging_the_Gap_between_Criminological_Theory_and_Penal_Theory_within_the_International_Criminal_Justice_System">Bridging the Gap between Criminological Theory and Penal Theory within the International Criminal Justice System</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="370178" href="https://eap.academia.edu/AthanasiosChouliaras">Athanasios Chouliaras</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Published in: European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, Vol. 22, Issue 3, 2014, pp. 249-279, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The main objective of this article is to put forward a critical analysis of the emergent international criminal justice system, epitomized by the creation of the permanent International Criminal Court. Such an endeavour is warranted on the assertion that international criminal justice scholarship has entered into a ‘reflective’ phase, the hallmark of which lies in the re-evaluation of the institutions of international criminal law in the light of the distinctive traits of international criminality derived from the combination of the criminological theory of state crime and the rising theory of international crime in the domain of international criminal law. In this context, the article summarizes the basic points and the epistemological premises of the criminological theory of state crime, while seeks to delimit the subject matter by alluding to the concept of core international crimes arising from the normative system of the ICC. The core aim of such a combined approach is not to downplay the existing differences between the criminological concept of state crime and the penal concept of core international crimes, but to highlight common points in order to draw tentative conclusions and make some preliminary suggestions from a criminal policy perspective.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bridging the Gap between Criminological Theory and Penal Theory within the International Criminal Justice System","attachmentId":35179786,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7575990/Bridging_the_Gap_between_Criminological_Theory_and_Penal_Theory_within_the_International_Criminal_Justice_System","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7575990/Bridging_the_Gap_between_Criminological_Theory_and_Penal_Theory_within_the_International_Criminal_Justice_System"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="13320647" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13320647/State_Responsibility_for_International_Crimes">State Responsibility for International Crimes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22271763" href="https://unpad.academia.edu/SafiqMuhammadin">Safiq Muhammadin</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"State Responsibility for International Crimes","attachmentId":38013963,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13320647/State_Responsibility_for_International_Crimes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13320647/State_Responsibility_for_International_Crimes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="85531882" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85531882/Corruption_and_Impunity_as_catalysts_of_core_crimes_A_challenge_to_the_International_Criminal_Court_Prof_Dr_Dr_h_c_mult_Francisco_Mu%C3%B1oz_Conde_Sevilla_Dr_Tania_Ixchel_Atilano_Berlin_Z%C3%BCrich">Corruption and Impunity as catalysts of core crimes A challenge to the International Criminal Court Prof. Dr.Dr.h.c mult. Francisco Muñoz-Conde (Sevilla) Dr. Tania Ixchel Atilano (Berlin/Zürich</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7622905" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/TaniaIxchelAtilano">Tania Ixchel Atilano</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Corruption and Impunity as catalysts of core crimes A challenge to the International Criminal Court Prof. Dr.Dr.h.c mult. Francisco Muñoz-Conde (Sevilla) Dr. Tania Ixchel Atilano (Berlin/Zürich","attachmentId":90776757,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85531882/Corruption_and_Impunity_as_catalysts_of_core_crimes_A_challenge_to_the_International_Criminal_Court_Prof_Dr_Dr_h_c_mult_Francisco_Mu%C3%B1oz_Conde_Sevilla_Dr_Tania_Ixchel_Atilano_Berlin_Z%C3%BCrich","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85531882/Corruption_and_Impunity_as_catalysts_of_core_crimes_A_challenge_to_the_International_Criminal_Court_Prof_Dr_Dr_h_c_mult_Francisco_Mu%C3%B1oz_Conde_Sevilla_Dr_Tania_Ixchel_Atilano_Berlin_Z%C3%BCrich"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="81772168" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81772168/State_policy_as_an_element_of_international_crimes">State policy as an element of international crimes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4130037" href="https://mdx.academia.edu/WilliamSchabas">William Schabas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Recent case law of the international criminal tribunals has tended to focus on the individual mental element of offenders, and dismissed any relevance for State policy as a component of the analysis. It is posited that an individual deviant, acting alone, can commit genocide or crimes against humanity, to the extent that he or she aspires to destroy an ethnic group or to persecute civilians in a widespread or systematic manner. This has led to a distortion in the law, partially explained by a focus on low-level perpetrators in early trials of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, but also by mistaken analysis ofprevious authority. This Article argues for revival of state policy as an element of such crimes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"State policy as an element of international crimes","attachmentId":87700814,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81772168/State_policy_as_an_element_of_international_crimes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81772168/State_policy_as_an_element_of_international_crimes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":100000509,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":100000509,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_100000509" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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