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cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city. For the district, see <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kozhikode District">Kozhikode District</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kozhikode (disambiguation)">Kozhikode (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Kozhikode (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">[koːɻikːoːɖɨ̆]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/84\/Kozhikode_mal.ogg\/Kozhikode_mal.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Kozhikode mal.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/Kozhikode_mal.ogg/Kozhikode_mal.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Kozhikode_mal.ogg" title="File:Kozhikode mal.ogg">ⓘ</a>), formerly known as Calicut, is a city along the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> in India. Known as the City of Spices,<a href="#cite_note-purdue1-1">[1]</a> Kozhikode is listed among the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Literature" title="City of Literature">UNESCO's Cities of Literature</a>. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Kozhikode</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Calicut</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:none;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid none;width:275px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:3px 0 0 3px"><div style="display:table;background-color:none;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Kozhikkod_Beach!_Early_Morning!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kozhikkod_Beach%21_Early_Morning%21.jpg/136px-Kozhikkod_Beach%21_Early_Morning%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kozhikkod_Beach%21_Early_Morning%21.jpg/204px-Kozhikkod_Beach%21_Early_Morning%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kozhikkod_Beach%21_Early_Morning%21.jpg/272px-Kozhikkod_Beach%21_Early_Morning%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2003"></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Kakkayam_hills.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kakkayam_hills.jpg/136px-Kakkayam_hills.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kakkayam_hills.jpg/204px-Kakkayam_hills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kakkayam_hills.jpg/272px-Kakkayam_hills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3192"></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:none;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg/136px-IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg/204px-IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg/272px-IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1280"></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg/136px-Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg/204px-Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg/272px-Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888"></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:none;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:HiLITE_City_-_Mixed_Use_Development_Project_in_Calicut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/HiLITE_City_-_Mixed_Use_Development_Project_in_Calicut.jpg/275px-HiLITE_City_-_Mixed_Use_Development_Project_in_Calicut.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/HiLITE_City_-_Mixed_Use_Development_Project_in_Calicut.jpg/413px-HiLITE_City_-_Mixed_Use_Development_Project_in_Calicut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/HiLITE_City_-_Mixed_Use_Development_Project_in_Calicut.jpg/550px-HiLITE_City_-_Mixed_Use_Development_Project_in_Calicut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1575"></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:none;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaliyam_Harbour,_Calicut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Chaliyam_Harbour%2C_Calicut.jpg/136px-Chaliyam_Harbour%2C_Calicut.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Chaliyam_Harbour%2C_Calicut.jpg/204px-Chaliyam_Harbour%2C_Calicut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Chaliyam_Harbour%2C_Calicut.jpg/272px-Chaliyam_Harbour%2C_Calicut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932"></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 3px 3px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Calicut_beach_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Calicut_beach_skyline.jpg/136px-Calicut_beach_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Calicut_beach_skyline.jpg/204px-Calicut_beach_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Calicut_beach_skyline.jpg/272px-Calicut_beach_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888"></a></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%">From top: <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_Beach" title="Kozhikode Beach">Kozhikode Beach</a>, Kakkayam Valley, <a href="/wiki/IIM_Kozhikode" class="mw-redirect" title="IIM Kozhikode">IIM Kozhikode</a>, Calicut mini bypass, <a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Kerala State Road Transport Corporation">KSRTC</a> bus stand complex, <a href="/wiki/Hilite_Mall" title="Hilite Mall">Hilite Mall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaliyam" title="Chaliyam">Chaliyam</a> harbour, Calicut beach skyline.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">City of Spices<a href="#cite_note-purdue1-1">[1]</a> (Other nicknames include City of Truth,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> City of Sculptures,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> City of Literature,<a href="#cite_note-Bureau-2023-4">[4]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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.infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Kerala_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kozhikode is located in Kerala"><img alt="Kozhikode is located in Kerala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/India_Kerala_location_map.svg/250px-India_Kerala_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/India_Kerala_location_map.svg/375px-India_Kerala_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/India_Kerala_location_map.svg/500px-India_Kerala_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="1274"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.824%;left:36.583%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Kozhikode" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Kozhikode</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Kozhikode (<a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>)</div>Show map of Kerala</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:India_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kozhikode is located in India"><img alt="Kozhikode is located in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/250px-India_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/375px-India_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/500px-India_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:80.742%;left:27.439%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Kozhikode" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Kozhikode</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Kozhikode (India)</div>Show map of India</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kozhikode&params=11_15_31.7_N_75_46_49.4_E_">11°15′31.7″N 75°46′49.4″E / 11.258806°N 75.780389°E / 11.258806; 75.780389</a><a class="external autonumber" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kozhikode&params=11_15_31.7_N_75_46_49.4_E_type:city(1808056)_region:IN-KL">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">District</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_district" title="Kozhikode district">Kozhikode</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation_(India)" title="Municipal corporation (India)">Municipal corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Beena Philip (<a href="/wiki/CPI_(M)" class="mw-redirect" title="CPI (M)">CPI (M)</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/District_magistrate" title="District magistrate">Collector</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Snehil Kumar Singh <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament,_Lok_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M._K._Raghavan" title="M. K. Raghavan">M. K. Raghavan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City Police Commissioner</th><td class="infobox-data">A Akbar <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">IPS</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-Kozhiode_city_population1-7">[7]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">118.58 km2 (45.78 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">518 km2 (200 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">34.47 m (113.09 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2011)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">609,224</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">5,100/km2 (13,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-Pop_city-8">[8]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,091,984</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Languages</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">673xxx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">Telephone</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data">+91495xxxxxxx, +91496xxxxxxx</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">KL 11, KL 18, KL 56, KL 57, KL 76, KL 77, KL 85, KLD & KLZ (Historical)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>(2020)</th><td class="infobox-data">US$20.773 (equivalent to $24.46 in 2023)Billion<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">Sex ratio</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.093 <a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">♀</a>/<a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a><a href="#cite_note-Cities1Lakhandabove-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">Literacy rate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">96.8%<a href="#cite_note-Cities1Lakhandabove-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="International Airport">International Airport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Calicut_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicut International Airport">Calicut International Airport</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kozhikode.nic.in/">www.kozhikode.nic.in</a></td></tr></tbody></table> It has a corporation limit population of 609,224<a href="#cite_note-Kozhiode_city_population1-7">[7]</a> and a metropolitan population of more than 2 million, making it the second most populous metropolitan area in Kerala and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">19th largest</a> in India.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Kozhikode is classified as a Tier 2 city by the Government of India.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> It is the largest city in the region known as the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> and was the capital of the British-era <a href="/wiki/Malabar_District" title="Malabar District">Malabar district</a>. It was the capital of an independent kingdom ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Samoothiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoothiri">Samoothiris</a> (Zamorins).<a href="#cite_note-purdue1-1">[1]</a> The port at Kozhikode acted as the gateway to medieval <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South Indian</a> coast for the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, and finally the Europeans.<a href="#cite_note-askh-13">[13]</a> According to data compiled by economics research firm <a href="/wiki/Indicus_Analytics" title="Indicus Analytics">Indicus Analytics</a> in 2009 on residences, earnings and investments, Kozhikode was ranked the second-best city in India to live in.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> In 2023, Kozhikode was recognised by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as India's first <a href="/wiki/City_of_Literature" title="City of Literature">City of Literature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OnManorama-15">[15]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Early_Kozhikode_in_foreign_accounts">2.1 Early Kozhikode in foreign accounts</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Zamorins_of_Calicut">2.2 Zamorins of Calicut</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#British_Rule">2.3 British Rule</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Post_Independence">2.4 Post Independence</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Climate">3 Climate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Demographics">4 Demographics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Civic_administration">5 Civic administration</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Kozhikode_Municipal_Corporation_Election_2020">5.1 Kozhikode Municipal Corporation Election 2020</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Law_and_order">5.2 Law and order</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Transport">6 Transport</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Road">6.1 Road</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#National_highways">6.1.1 National highways</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#State_Highways">6.1.2 State Highways</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Buses">6.1.3 Buses</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Rail">6.2 Rail</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Air">6.3 Air</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Economy">7 Economy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Culture">8 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Shopping">8.1 Shopping</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Music">8.2 Music</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Media">9 Media</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Newspapers">9.1 Newspapers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Radio">9.2 Radio</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Television">9.3 Television</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Education">10 Education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Sports">11 Sports</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Football">11.1 Football</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Volleyball">11.2 Volleyball</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Twin/sister_cities">12 Twin/sister cities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#See_also">13 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#References">14 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Sources">15 Sources</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Further_reading">16 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#External_links">17 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The exact origin of the name Kozhikode is uncertain. According to many sources, the name Kozhikode is derived from Koyil-kota (fort), meaning "fortified palace".<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Koil or Koyil or Kovil is the <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> term for a <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temple</a>, referring to the <a href="/wiki/Tali_Shiva_Temple" title="Tali Shiva Temple">Tali Shiva Temple</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a-s-menon-1-17">[17]</a> Both the terms kōyil and kōvil are used interchangeably. The Tamil name of the city is Kaḷḷikkōṭṭai.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandran2018366-18">[18]</a> The name also got corrupted into Kolikod, or its Arab version Qāliqūṭ (<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>: qˠaːliqˠːuːtˤ) and later its anglicised version Calicut.<a href="#cite_note-Krishna-iyer-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Battuta1-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a> merchants called it Kūlifo. The word <a href="/wiki/Calico_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calico (textile)">calico</a>, a fine variety of hand-woven cotton cloth that was exported from the port of Kozhikode, is thought to have been derived from Calicut.<a href="#cite_note-eb-calico-21">[21]</a> The term for tricolour cats, called <a href="/wiki/Calico_cat" title="Calico cat">calico cats</a>, is as well derived from the fabric name.<a href="#cite_note-dreamstress-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Calicut_(kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicut (kingdom)">Calicut (kingdom)</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg/220px-Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="903"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg/220px-Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg/330px-Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg/440px-Periplous_of_the_Erythraean_Sea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Names, routes and locations of the <a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a> (1st century CE)</figcaption></figure> The ancient port of <a href="/wiki/Tyndis" title="Tyndis">Tyndis</a> which was located on the northern side of <a href="/wiki/Muziris" title="Muziris">Muziris</a>, as mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a>, was somewhere around Kozhikode.<a href="#cite_note-Malabar-24">[24]</a> Its exact location is a matter of dispute.<a href="#cite_note-Malabar-24">[24]</a> The suggested locations are <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanur,_Malappuram" title="Tanur, Malappuram">Tanur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beypore" title="Beypore">Beypore</a>-<a href="/wiki/Chaliyam" title="Chaliyam">Chaliyam</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kadalundi" title="Kadalundi">Kadalundi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vallikkunnu" title="Vallikkunnu">Vallikkunnu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Koyilandy" title="Koyilandy">Koyilandy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Malabar-24">[24]</a> Tyndis was a major center of trade, second only to <a href="/wiki/Muziris" title="Muziris">Muziris</a>, between the Cheras and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> (1st century CE) states that the port of <a href="/wiki/Tyndis" title="Tyndis">Tyndis</a> was located at the northwestern border of Keprobotos (<a href="/wiki/Chera_dynasty" title="Chera dynasty">Chera dynasty</a>).<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The <a href="/wiki/North_Malabar" title="North Malabar">North Malabar</a> region, which lies north of the port at <a href="/wiki/Tyndis" title="Tyndis">Tyndis</a>, was ruled by the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Ezhimala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezhimala">Ezhimala</a> during <a href="/wiki/Sangam_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangam period">Sangam period</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Malabar-24">[24]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a>, a region known as <a href="/wiki/Limyrike" title="Limyrike">Limyrike</a> began at <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Naura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tyndis" title="Tyndis">Tyndis</a>. However <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> mentions only <a href="/wiki/Tyndis" title="Tyndis">Tyndis</a> as <a href="/wiki/Limyrike" title="Limyrike">Limyrike</a>'s starting point. The region probably ended at <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a>; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a>. The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 <a href="/wiki/Sesterces" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesterces">sesterces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> mentioned that <a href="/wiki/Limyrike" title="Limyrike">Limyrike</a> was prone by pirates.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cosmas_Indicopleustes" title="Cosmas Indicopleustes">Cosmas Indicopleustes</a> mentioned that the <a href="/wiki/Limyrike" title="Limyrike">Limyrike</a> was a source of peppers.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In the 14th century, Kozhikode conquered larger parts of central Kerala after the seize of <a href="/wiki/Tirunavaya" title="Tirunavaya">Tirunavaya</a> region from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valluvanad" title="Kingdom of Valluvanad">Valluvanad</a>, which were under the control of the king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Perumbadappu Swaroopam</a> (Cochin). The ruler of <a href="/wiki/Perumpadappu,_Malappuram" title="Perumpadappu, Malappuram">Perumpadappu</a> was forced to shift his capital (c. CE 1405) further south from <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a>. In the 15th century, the status of Cochin was reduced to a vassal state of Kozhikode, thus leading to the emergence of Kozhikode as the most powerful kingdom in medieval <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-askh-13">[13]</a> During the 15th century Kalaripayat was important in the history of <a href="/wiki/Malabars" title="Malabars">Malabar</a>, some warriors lived, most notably puthooram veettil <a href="/wiki/Aromal_Chekavar" title="Aromal Chekavar">Aromal Chekavar</a> and his sister <a href="/wiki/Unniyarcha" title="Unniyarcha">Unniyarcha</a> who were chieftains of martial arts.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-unni2nn-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The port at Kozhikode held the superior economic and political position in medieval Kerala coast, while Kannur, <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a>, were commercially important secondary ports, where the traders from various parts of the world would gather.<a href="#cite_note-Malekandathil-35">[35]</a> In the 15th century, Kozhikode was visited several times by ships from China, which became known as <a href="/wiki/Ming_treasure_voyages" title="Ming treasure voyages">Ming treasure voyages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Kozhikode was the capital of an independent kingdom ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Samoothiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoothiri">samoothiris</a> (Zamorins) in the Middle Ages and later of the erstwhile <a href="/wiki/Malabar_District" title="Malabar District">Malabar District</a> under British rule. <a href="/wiki/Arab_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab people">Arab</a> merchants traded with the region as early as 7th century, and Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> landed at Kozhikode on 20 May 1498, thus opening a trade route between Europe and India. A Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Trading_post" title="Trading post">factory</a> and the fort was intact in Kozhikode for short period (1511–1525, until the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Calicut_(1526)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Calicut (1526)">Fall of Calicut</a>). The <a href="/wiki/English_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="English East India Company">English</a> landed in 1615 (constructing a trading post in 1665), followed by the <a href="/wiki/French_East_India_Company" title="French East India Company">French</a> (1698) and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch</a> (1752). In 1765, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore</a> captured Kozhikode as part of its occupation of the Malabar Coast. Kozhikode, once a famous cotton-weaving centre, gave its name to the <a href="/wiki/Calico_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calico (textile)">Calico cloth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kozhikode_2011-37">[37]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vascodagama.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vascodagama.JPG/170px-Vascodagama.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="330" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="1302"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 330px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vascodagama.JPG/170px-Vascodagama.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="330" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vascodagama.JPG/255px-Vascodagama.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vascodagama.JPG/340px-Vascodagama.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a>'s arrival in Calicut in 1498 ushered in five centuries of rule of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">India</a>, lasting until 1961.</figcaption></figure> It was ranked eleventh among Tier-II Indian cities in job creation by a study conducted by <a href="/wiki/ASSOCHAM" title="ASSOCHAM">ASSOCHAM</a> in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Kozhikode_in_foreign_accounts">Early Kozhikode in foreign accounts</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early Kozhikode in foreign accounts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Accounts of the city and the conditions prevailing then can be gleaned from the chronicles of travellers who visited the port city. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Uru.jpg/220px-Uru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="552"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 152px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Uru.jpg/220px-Uru.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Uru.jpg/330px-Uru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Uru.jpg/440px-Uru.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Uru_(boat)" title="Uru (boat)">Uru</a>, a type of ship that was historically used for maritime trade, built at <a href="/wiki/Beypore" title="Beypore">Beypore</a>, Kozhikode</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> (1342–1347), who visited six times, gives the earliest glimpses of life in the city. He describes Kozhikode as "one of the great ports of the district of Malabar" where "merchants of all parts of the world are found here". The king of this place, he says, "shaves his chin just as the Haidari Fakeers of Rome do... The greater part of the Muslim merchants of this place are so wealthy that one of them can purchase the whole freightage of such vessels put here and fit out others like them".<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calicut_1572.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Calicut_1572.jpg/220px-Calicut_1572.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3839" data-file-height="1579"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Calicut_1572.jpg/220px-Calicut_1572.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Calicut_1572.jpg/330px-Calicut_1572.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Calicut_1572.jpg/440px-Calicut_1572.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Image of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Calicut">Kozhikode</a>, India from <a href="/wiki/Georg_Braun" title="Georg Braun">Georg Braun</a> and Frans Hogenberg's atlas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Civitates_Orbis_terrarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civitates Orbis terrarum (page does not exist)">Civitates Orbis terrarum</a>, 1572</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Ma_Huan" title="Ma Huan">Ma Huan</a> (1403), the Chinese sailor part of the Imperial Chinese fleet under Cheng Ho (<a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a>)<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> lauds the city as a great emporium of trade frequented by merchants from around the world. He makes note of the 20 or 30 mosques built to cater to the religious needs of the Muslims, the unique system of calculation by the merchants using their fingers and toes (followed to this day) and the matrilineal system of succession. <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Razzaq_(traveller)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdur Razzaq (traveller)">Abdur Razzak</a> (1442–1443) the ambassador of Persian Emperor Sha-Rohk finds the city harbour perfectly secured and notices precious articles from several maritime countries especially from <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Abyssinia</a>, Zirbad and <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>. The Italian <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_de%27_Conti" title="Niccolò de' Conti">Niccolò de' Conti</a> (1445), perhaps the first Christian traveller who noticed Kozhikode, describes the city as abounding in pepper, lac, ginger, a larger kind of cinnamon, myrobalans and zedoary. He calls it a noble emporium for all India, with a <a href="/wiki/Circumference" title="Circumference">circumference</a> of 13 kilometres (8 miles). The Russian traveller Athanasius Nikitin or <a href="/wiki/Afanasy_Nikitin" title="Afanasy Nikitin">Afanasy Nikitin</a> (1468–1474) calls 'Calecut' a port for the whole Indian sea and describes it as having a "big bazaar." Other travellers who visited Kozhikode include the Italian <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_di_Varthema" title="Ludovico di Varthema">Ludovico di Varthema</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> (1503–1508) and <a href="/wiki/Duarte_Barbosa" title="Duarte Barbosa">Duarte Barbosa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zamorins_of_Calicut">Zamorins of Calicut</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Zamorins of Calicut" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zamorin_of_Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamorin of Calicut">Zamorin of Calicut</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png/220px-Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="396"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 157px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png/220px-Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png" data-width="220" data-height="157" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png/330px-Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png/440px-Caminho_maritimo_para_a_India.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The path <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> took to reach Kozhikode (black line) in 1498, which was also the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">discovery of a sea route</a> from <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> to India, and eventually paved way for the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">European colonisation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Kampili_kingdom.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Map_of_Kampili_kingdom.png/300px-Map_of_Kampili_kingdom.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="323" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 323px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Map_of_Kampili_kingdom.png/300px-Map_of_Kampili_kingdom.png" data-width="300" data-height="323" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Map_of_Kampili_kingdom.png/450px-Map_of_Kampili_kingdom.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Map_of_Kampili_kingdom.png/600px-Map_of_Kampili_kingdom.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> in early 1320 CE. Most of the parts of present-day state of Kerala was under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> of Kozhikode.</figcaption></figure> Kozhikode and its suburbs formed part of the Polanad kingdom, which was a vassal state to the <a href="/wiki/Kolathunadu" title="Kolathunadu">Kolathunadu</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_Malabar" title="North Malabar">North Malabar</a>, ruled by the Porlatiri.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eradi" title="Eradi">Eradis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nediyiruppu" title="Nediyiruppu">Nediyiruppu</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kondotty" title="Kondotty">Kondotty</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eranad" title="Eranad">Eranad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malappuram_district" title="Malappuram district">Malappuram district</a>) wanted an outlet to the sea, to initiate trade and commerce with the distant lands.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> and after fighting with the king Polatthiri for 48 years conquered the area around <a href="/wiki/Panniyankara" title="Panniyankara">Panniankara</a>. After this, <a href="/wiki/Menokki" class="mw-redirect" title="Menokki">Menokki</a> became the ruler of Polanad and came to terms with the troops and people.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> After this, the town of Kozhikode was founded close to the palace at Tali.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Then, the Eradis shifted their headquarters from Nediyiruppu to Kozhikode. The Governor of Ernad built a fort at a place called Velapuram to safeguard his new interests. The fort most likely lent its name to Koyil Kotta the precursor to Kozhikode. Thus the city came into existence sometime in the 13th century.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The status of Udaiyavar increased and he became known as Swami Nambiyathiri Thirumulpad, and eventually Samuri or Samoothiri (Zamorin). Europeans called him in a corrupt form as <a href="/wiki/Zamorin_of_Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamorin of Calicut">Zamorin</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] At the peak of their reign, the Zamorins ruled over a region from Kollam (<a href="/wiki/Quilon" class="mw-redirect" title="Quilon">Quilon</a>) to Panthalayini Kollam (<a href="/wiki/Koyilandy" title="Koyilandy">Koyilandy</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Varier-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Krishna-iyer-19">[19]</a> Following the discovery of the sea route from Europe to Kozhikode in 1498, the Portuguese began to expand their territories and ruled the seas between <a href="/wiki/Ormus" title="Ormus">Ormus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> and south to <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Ceylon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kallingal_Madathil_Rarichan_Moopan" title="Kallingal Madathil Rarichan Moopan">Kallingal Madathil Rarichan Moopan</a> and Pullambil Moopan and Vamala Moopan families were very prominent among those who said that two centuries ago, some <a href="/wiki/Jenmi" title="Jenmi">Jenmis</a> in Kozhikode were engaged in <a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">sea</a> trade and <a href="/wiki/Shipping" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipping">shipping</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12n-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> According to K.V. Krishna Iyer, the rise of Kozhikode is at once a cause and a consequence of Zamorin's ascendancy in Kerala. By the end of the 15th century, the Zamorin was at the zenith of his powers with all princes and chieftains of Kerala north of Kochi acknowledging his suzerainty.<a href="#cite_note-Kunjali_Maraikar-52">[52]</a> The <a href="/wiki/S._M._Street" title="S. M. Street">Sweetmeat Street</a> (Mittayi Theruvu) was an important trading street under Zamorin's rule. The <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Cannanore" title="First Battle of Cannanore">First Battle of Cannanore</a> that occurred in January 1502 between the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Portuguese_India_Armada_(Nova,_1501)" title="3rd Portuguese India Armada (Nova, 1501)">Third Portuguese Armada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Kingdom of Cochin</a> under <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_da_Nova" title="João da Nova">João da Nova</a> and Zamorin of <a href="/wiki/Calicut_(kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicut (kingdom)">Calicut</a>'s navy marks the beginning of Portuguese conflicts in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Krishna-iyer-19">[19]</a> The defeat of the joint fleet of the <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Sultanate" title="Gujarat Sultanate">Sultan of Gujarat</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Begada" title="Mahmud Begada">Mahmud Begada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Burji_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Burji dynasty">Mamlûk Burji Sultanate of Egypt</a>, and the Zamorin of Calicut with support from the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diu_(1509)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Diu (1509)">Battle of Diu</a> in February 1509 marks the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> dominance of the <a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">Spice trade</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Krishna-iyer-19">[19]</a> The continuous wars between the Zamorin navy under the <a href="/wiki/Kunjali_Marakkar" title="Kunjali Marakkar">Kunjali Marakkar</a> (Fleet Admiral) and the Portuguese in the 16th century reduced the importance of Kozhikode as a centre of trade. The Kunjali Marakkars are credited with organizing the first naval defense of the Indian coast.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> At the beginning of the 17th century the Zamorin expelled the Portuguese with the help of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a>. In 1602, the Zamorin sent messages to <a href="/wiki/Aceh" title="Aceh">Aceh</a> promising the Dutch a fort at Kozhikode if they would come and trade there. Two factors, Hans de Wolff and Lafer, were sent on an Asian ship from Aceh, but the two were captured by the chief of <a href="/wiki/Tanur,_Malappuram" title="Tanur, Malappuram">Tanur</a>, and handed over to the Portuguese.<a href="#cite_note-SanjaySubrahmanyam2-54">[54]</a> A Dutch fleet under Admiral <a href="/wiki/Steven_van_der_Hagen" title="Steven van der Hagen">Steven van der Hagen</a> arrived at Kozhikode in November 1604. It marked the beginning of the Dutch presence in Kerala and they concluded a treaty with Kozhikode on 11 November 1604, which was also the first treaty that the Dutch East India Company made with an Indian ruler.<a href="#cite_note-askh-13">[13]</a> By this time the kingdom and the port of Kozhikode was much reduced in importance.<a href="#cite_note-SanjaySubrahmanyam2-54">[54]</a> The treaty provided for a mutual alliance between the two to expel the Portuguese from Malabar. In return the Dutch East India Company was given facilities for trade at Kozhikode and <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a>, including spacious storehouses.<a href="#cite_note-SanjaySubrahmanyam2-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Rule">British Rule</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: British Rule" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The arrival of <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> documented in the year 1615, when a group under the leadership of Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Keeling" title="William Keeling">William Keeling</a> arrived at Kozhikode, using three ships.<a href="#cite_note-askh-13">[13]</a> It was in these ships that Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Roe" title="Thomas Roe">Thomas Roe</a> went to visit <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a>, the fourth <a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperors">Mughal emperor</a>, as <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British envoy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-askh-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a> became the most dominant state in Kerala by defeating the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kozhikode" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Purakkad" title="Battle of Purakkad">battle of Purakkad</a> in 1755.<a href="#cite_note-AHoT_162-55">[55]</a> Kozhikode came under British Rule after the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Mysorean conquest of Malabar</a> in the late 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-askh-13">[13]</a> The British later also formed a regiment called the <a href="/wiki/Thiyyar_Regiment" title="Thiyyar Regiment">Thiyyar Regiment</a> to meet their military operations in <a href="/wiki/Malabar_District" title="Malabar District">Malabar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Kozhikode was the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Malabar_District" title="Malabar District">Malabar District</a>, one of the two districts on the western coast (<a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Madras_presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras presidency">Madras presidency</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/British_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="British rule">British rule</a>, Malabar's chief importance lay in producing <a href="/wiki/Malabar_pepper" title="Malabar pepper">pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiles">tiles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Kozhikode municipality was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850)<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-google.co.in-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian Empire">British Indian Empire</a>, making it the first modern municipality in the state. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_Independence">Post Independence</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post Independence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Kozhikode Municipality was upgraded into <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kozhikode Municipal Corporation">Kozhikode Municipal Corporation</a> in the year 1962, making it the second-oldest Municipal Corporation in the state.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Kozhikode has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Am). A brief spell of pre-monsoon <a href="/wiki/Mango_showers" title="Mango showers">Mango showers</a> hits the city sometime during April. However, the primary source of rain is the <a href="/wiki/South-west_monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="South-west monsoon">South-west monsoon</a> that sets in the first week of June and continues until September. The city receives significant precipitation from the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Monsoon">North-East Monsoon</a> that sets in from the second half of October through November. This city has winter (December-February) hotter than summer (June-August), while spring (March-May) is the hottest season. <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kozhikode (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5 (97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6 (99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.6 (101.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.1 (102.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2 (102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2 (97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7 (96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1 (95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7 (96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2 (97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8 (98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0 (98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.2 (102.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0 (91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5 (92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 (93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4 (93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7 (92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6 (87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6 (85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8 (85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8 (89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6 (90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 (91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.3 (90.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8 (83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5 (86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5 (81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6 (81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1 (82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4 (83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1 (82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.4 (83.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1 (75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3 (79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4 (75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8 (74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0 (75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4 (75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.5 (76.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4 (66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5 (68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 (65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 (0.06) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 (0.19) </td> <td style="background: #E9FFE9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 (0.57) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.5 (3.29) </td> <td style="background: #00B000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">223.5 (8.80) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">782.9 (30.82) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">750.0 (29.53) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">432.6 (17.03) </td> <td style="background: #005900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">273.3 (10.76) </td> <td style="background: #003B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">302.6 (11.91) </td> <td style="background: #45FF45; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.4 (4.74) </td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9 (0.86) </td> <td style="background: #008100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,011.9 (118.58) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000D2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">24.3 </td> <td style="background: #1313FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.1 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">112.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>) </th> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-67">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<a href="#cite_note-TCC1-68">[68]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_International_Airport" title="Kozhikode International Airport">Kozhikode International Airport</a> (1991–2020, extremes–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1 (97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8 (100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7 (99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.6 (101.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8 (98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4 (95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7 (96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6 (90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2 (90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6 (92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.6 (101.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 (91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6 (92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0 (93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0 (93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 (91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0 (84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2 (84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2 (86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9 (89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.8 (89.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1 (71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0 (73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4 (77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4 (74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9 (73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3 (73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3 (73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4 (72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.5 (74.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9 (67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8 (69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 (68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3 (66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6 (67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1 (68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3 (66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 (0.12) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 (0.15) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6 (1.05) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.7 (3.33) </td> <td style="background: #00D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.3 (7.81) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">706.6 (27.82) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">689.4 (27.14) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">428.2 (16.86) </td> <td style="background: #003600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">295.5 (11.63) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">321.8 (12.67) </td> <td style="background: #30FF30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">134.4 (5.29) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3 (1.39) </td> <td style="background: #008B00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,927.5 (115.26) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23.6 </td> <td style="background: #1717FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.8 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">113.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>) </th> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kozhikode_district" title="Demographics of Kozhikode district">Demographics of Kozhikode district</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religions in Kozhikode city (2011)<a href="#cite_note-religion-70">[70]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Kerala" title="Hinduism in Kerala">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorange; width:57.37%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">57.37%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kerala" title="Islam in Kerala">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:37.66%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">37.66%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kerala" title="Christianity in Kerala">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:dodgerblue; width:4.60%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.60%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other or not stated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.37%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.37%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> The total population under Municipal Corporation limits is 550,440.<a href="#cite_note-censusindia.gov.in-71">[71]</a> Males form 47.7% and females 52.3%. Kozhikode has been a multi-ethnic and multi-religious town since the early <a href="/wiki/Medieval_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval period">medieval period</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Kerala" title="Hinduism in Kerala">Hindus</a> form the largest religious group, followed by <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Kerala" title="Islam in Kerala">Muslims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kerala" title="Christianity in Kerala">Christians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Official_Website_of_Kozhikode-72">[72]</a> Hindus form the majority at 57.37% of the population with 315,807 members.<a href="#cite_note-censusindia.gov.in-71">[71]</a> Muslims form 37.66% of the population with 207298 members.<a href="#cite_note-religion-70">[70]</a> The corporation of Kozhikode has an average <a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India#Kerala" title="Literacy in India">literacy rate</a> of 96.8%<a href="#cite_note-Cities1Lakhandabove-10">[10]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India" title="Literacy in India">national average</a> is 74.85%). The male literacy rate is 97.93% and female literacy rate is 95.78%.<a href="#cite_note-Cities1Lakhandabove-10">[10]</a> Pre-modern Kozhikode was already teeming with people of several communities and regional groups. Most of these communities continued to follow their traditional occupations and customs till the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Brahmins, too, lived in the city mostly around the Hindu temples. Regional groups like the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Brahmins" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Brahmins">Tamil Brahmins</a>, Gujaratis and <a href="/wiki/Marwari_Jains" class="mw-redirect" title="Marwari Jains">Marwari Jains</a> became part of the city and lived around their shrines.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Nairs">Nairs</a> formed the rulers, warriors and landed gentry of Kozhikode.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tiyyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiyyar">Thiyyar</a> formed the vaidyars (<a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a> Physicians), local militia and traders of Kozhikode. The <a href="/wiki/Samoothiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoothiri">Samoothiri</a> had a ten thousand strong Nair bodyguard called the Kozhikkottu pathinaayiram (The 10,000 of Kozhikode) who defended the capital and supported the administration within the city. He had a larger force of 30,000 Nairs in his capacity as the Prince of Eranadu, called the Kozhikkottu Muppatinaayiram (The 30,000 of Kozhikode).<a href="#cite_note-123mm-76">[76]</a> The Nairs also formed the members of the suicide squad (<a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack#India" title="Suicide attack">chaver</a>).<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The Muslims of Kozhikode are known as <a href="/wiki/Mappila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mappila">Mappilas</a>, and according to the official Kozhikode website "the great majority of them are <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnis</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Shafi_school_of_thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi school of thought">Shafi school of thought</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Official_Website_of_Kozhikode-72">[72]</a> There are some smaller communities among the Muslims such as <a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohras</a> of Gujarati origin.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Many of the Muslims living in the historic part of the city follow <a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">matrilineality</a> and are noted for their piety.<a href="#cite_note-kerala1-79">[79]</a> Though <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Kerala" title="Christianity in Kerala">Christianity</a> is believed to have been introduced in Kerala in the 1st century CE, the size of the community in <a href="/wiki/Malabar_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar region">Malabar</a> (northern Kerala) began to rise only after the arrival of Portuguese missionaries towards the close of the 15th century. A few Christians of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Thiruvitankoor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a> have lately migrated to the hilly regions of the district and are settled there.<a href="#cite_note-kerala1-79">[79]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Brahmins" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Brahmins">Tamil Brahmins</a> are primarily settled around the Tali Siva temple. They arrived in Kozhikode as dependants of chieftains, working as cooks, cloth merchants and moneylenders.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> They have retained their <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil language</a> and dialects as well as caste rituals. The <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_people" title="Gujarati people">Gujarati</a> community is settled mostly around the <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> temple in and around the Valliyangadi. They owned many establishments, especially textile and sweet shops. They must have arrived in Kozhikode at least from the beginning of the 14th century. They belong to either the Hindu or the Jain community. A few <a href="/wiki/Marwaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Marwaris">Marwari</a> families are also found in Kozhikode who was basically moneylenders. <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1094.5817424862px; border-left-color:royalblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:royalblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:royalblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 669.43531902447px; border-left-color:cornflowerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:cornflowerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:cornflowerblue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Languages of Kozhikode city (2011)<a href="#cite_note-languages-81">[81]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> (97.64%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> (0.91%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Others (1.45%)</div> </div> </div></div> By language, 97.64% of the population speaks <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> and 0.91% <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> as their first language.<a href="#cite_note-languages-81">[81]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Civic_administration">Civic administration</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Civic administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> The city is administered by the Kozhikode Corporation, headed by a mayor. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 75 <a href="/wiki/Ward_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (country subdivision)">wards</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Corporation_councillors-82">[82]</a> from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years. Recently neighbouring suburbs <a href="/wiki/Beypore" title="Beypore">Beypore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elathur,_Kozhikode" title="Elathur, Kozhikode">Elathur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheruvannur_Nallalam" title="Cheruvannur Nallalam">Cheruvannur and Nallalam</a> were merged within the municipal corporation. <table class="wikitable" style="float:center; text-align:center; margin:0 0 0 1em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Kozhikode Municipal Corporation </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mayor </td> <td>Beena Philip </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Mayor">Deputy Mayor</a> </td> <td>Musafar Ahmed </td></tr> <tr> <td>Member of Parliament </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M._K._Raghavan" title="M. K. Raghavan">M.K.Raghvan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_Collector" class="mw-redirect" title="District Collector">District Collector</a> </td> <td>Shri. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seeram_Sambasiva_Rao_IAS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seeram Sambasiva Rao IAS (page does not exist)">Narasimhugari T L Reddy</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Police_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Commissioner">Police Commissioner</a> </td> <td>Shri Rajpal Meena IPS </td></tr></tbody></table> Kozhikode Corporation is the first City Corporation in Kerala after the creation of the state. Established in 1962, Kozhikode Corporation's first mayor was H Manjunatha Rao. Kozhikode corporation has four assembly constituencies – Kozhikode North, Kozhikode South, Beypore and Elathur – all of which are part of <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kozhikode (Lok Sabha constituency)">Kozhikode</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kozhikode_Municipal_Corporation_Election_2020"><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kozhikode Municipal Corporation">Kozhikode Municipal Corporation</a> Election 2020</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Kozhikode Municipal Corporation Election 2020" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>S.No.</th> <th>Party Name</th> <th>Party symbol</th> <th>Number of Corporators </th></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Left_Democratic_Front" title="Left Democratic Front">LDF</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:CPI(M)_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg/50px-CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="44" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="452"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 44px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg/50px-CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg.png" data-width="50" data-height="44" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg/75px-CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg/100px-CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>49 </td></tr> <tr> <td>02</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Front_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="United Democratic Front (India)">UDF</a></td> <td></td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>03</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:BJP_election_symbol.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/BJP_election_symbol.png/50px-BJP_election_symbol.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 49px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/BJP_election_symbol.png/50px-BJP_election_symbol.png" data-width="50" data-height="49" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/BJP_election_symbol.png/75px-BJP_election_symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/BJP_election_symbol.png/100px-BJP_election_symbol.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>07 </td></tr> <tr> <td>04</td> <td>Independents</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:No_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/50px-No_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/50px-No_flag.svg.png" data-width="50" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/75px-No_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_flag.svg/100px-No_flag.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td>05 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_and_order">Law and order</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Law and order" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_City_Police" title="Kozhikode City Police">Kozhikode City Police</a> is headed by a commissioner, an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a> (IPS) officer. The city is divided into six zones each under a circle officer. Apart from regular law and order, the city police comprise the traffic police, bomb squad, dog squad, fingerprint bureau, women's cell, juvenile wing, narcotics cell, riot force, armed reserve camps, district crime records bureau and a women's station.<a href="#cite_note-KCP-84">[84]</a> It operates 16 police stations functioning under the Home Ministry of <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kerala" title="Government of Kerala">Government of Kerala</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Kozhikode_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation in Kozhikode district">Transportation in Kozhikode district</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Road" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_highways">National highways</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: National highways" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Volvo_8400_at_Calicut_Bus_Terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Volvo_8400_at_Calicut_Bus_Terminal.jpg/220px-Volvo_8400_at_Calicut_Bus_Terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Volvo_8400_at_Calicut_Bus_Terminal.jpg/220px-Volvo_8400_at_Calicut_Bus_Terminal.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Volvo_8400_at_Calicut_Bus_Terminal.jpg/330px-Volvo_8400_at_Calicut_Bus_Terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Volvo_8400_at_Calicut_Bus_Terminal.jpg/440px-Volvo_8400_at_Calicut_Bus_Terminal.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Volvo 8400 at Calicut Bus Terminal</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:View_point_of_Thamarassery_Churam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/View_point_of_Thamarassery_Churam.jpg/220px-View_point_of_Thamarassery_Churam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2125"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/View_point_of_Thamarassery_Churam.jpg/220px-View_point_of_Thamarassery_Churam.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/View_point_of_Thamarassery_Churam.jpg/330px-View_point_of_Thamarassery_Churam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/View_point_of_Thamarassery_Churam.jpg/440px-View_point_of_Thamarassery_Churam.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Thamarassery_Churam" title="Thamarassery Churam">Thamarassery Churam</a> is one of the popular tourist destinations in Kozhikode</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg/220px-Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg/220px-Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg/330px-Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg/440px-Calicut_mini_bypass.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Calicut Mini Bypass</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg/200px-%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="121" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3060" data-file-height="1852"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 121px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg/200px-%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="121" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg/300px-%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg/400px-%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Calicut_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicut International Airport">Calicut International Airport</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Kozhikode_Railway_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kozhikode_Railway_Station.jpg/220px-Kozhikode_Railway_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kozhikode_Railway_Station.jpg/220px-Kozhikode_Railway_Station.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kozhikode_Railway_Station.jpg/330px-Kozhikode_Railway_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kozhikode_Railway_Station.jpg/440px-Kozhikode_Railway_Station.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Kozhikode Railway Station">Kozhikode Railway Station</a> is one of the busiest railway stations in South India</div></div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_66_(India)" title="National Highway 66 (India)">National Highway 66</a> connects Kozhikode to <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> via <a href="/wiki/Mangaluru" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangaluru">Mangaluru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Udupi" title="Udupi">Udupi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> to the north and <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a> near <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a> to the south along the west coast of India. This highway connects the city with the other important towns like, <a href="/wiki/Kasaragod" title="Kasaragod">Kasaragod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanhangad" title="Kanhangad">Kanhangad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thalassery" title="Thalassery">Thalassery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%A9,_India" title="Mahé, India">Mahe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vadakara" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadakara">Vadakara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koyilandy" title="Koyilandy">Koyilandy</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramanattukara" title="Ramanattukara">Ramanattukara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kottakkal" title="Kottakkal">Kottakkal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valanchery" title="Valanchery">Valanchery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuttippuram" title="Kuttippuram">Kuttippuram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Paravur" title="North Paravur">North Paravur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edapally" class="mw-redirect" title="Edapally">Edapally</a> and proceeds to <a href="/wiki/Alappuzha" title="Alappuzha">Alappuzha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a> and terminates at the southern tip of India, <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_766_(India)" title="National Highway 766 (India)">National Highway 766</a> connects Kozhikode to <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> through <a href="/wiki/Kollegal" title="Kollegal">Kollegal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> via <a href="/wiki/Tirumakudal_Narsipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumakudal Narsipur">Tirumakudal Narsipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanjangud" title="Nanjangud">Nanjangud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gundlupet" title="Gundlupet">Gundlupet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulthan_Bathery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulthan Bathery">Sulthan Bathery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalpetta" title="Kalpetta">Kalpetta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thamarassery" title="Thamarassery">Thamarassery</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_966_(India)" title="National Highway 966 (India)">National Highway 966</a> connects Kozhikode to <a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a> through <a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a>,<a href="/wiki/Perinthalmanna" title="Perinthalmanna">Perinthalmanna</a>. It covers a distance of 125 kilometres (78 mi). At Ramanattukara, a suburb of Kozhikode, it joins NH 66. It passes through major towns like <a href="/wiki/Kondotty" title="Kondotty">Kondotty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perinthalmanna" title="Perinthalmanna">Perinthalmanna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mannarkkad" title="Mannarkkad">Mannarkkad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a>. This stretch connects the city and <a href="/wiki/Calicut_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicut International Airport">Calicut International Airport</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="State_Highways">State Highways</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: State Highways" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_29_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 29 (Kerala)">SH 29</a> passes through the city. It connects NH 766, Malabar Christian College, civil station, <a href="/wiki/Kunnamangalam" title="Kunnamangalam">Kunnamangalam</a>, koduvally,Thamarassery,Chellot, Chitragiri and Road to Gudallor from Kerala border. State highway 38 starts from <a href="/wiki/Pavangad" title="Pavangad">Pavangad</a> near passes through <a href="/wiki/Ulliyeri" title="Ulliyeri">Ulliyeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perambra" title="Perambra">Perambra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuttiady" title="Kuttiady">Kuttiady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nadapuram" title="Nadapuram">Nadapuram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panoor" title="Panoor">Panoor</a> & <a href="/wiki/Koothuparamba" class="mw-redirect" title="Koothuparamba">Koothuparamba</a> and ends at <a href="/wiki/Chovva" class="mw-redirect" title="Chovva">Chovva</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a>. The highway is107;km long. It is one of the busiest route in the district. <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_54_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 54 (Kerala)">SH 54</a> connects the city to <a href="/wiki/Kalpetta" title="Kalpetta">Kalpetta</a>. The highway is 99.0 kilometres (61.5 mi) long. The highway passes through <a href="/wiki/Pavangad,_Kozhikode" title="Pavangad, Kozhikode">Pavangad, Kozhikode</a>, Ulliyeri, <a href="/wiki/Perambra" title="Perambra">Perambra</a>, Poozhithodu, <a href="/wiki/Peruvannamuzhi" title="Peruvannamuzhi">Peruvannamuzhi</a> and Padinjarethara. <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_68_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 68 (Kerala)">SH 68</a> starts from <a href="/wiki/Kappad" title="Kappad">Kappad</a> and ends in Adivaram. The highway is 68.11 kilometres (42.32 mi) long. <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_34_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 34 (Kerala)">SH 34</a> starts from <a href="/wiki/Koyilandy" title="Koyilandy">Koyilandy</a> and ends in <a href="/wiki/Edavanna" title="Edavanna">Edavanna</a> which is 44.0 km long. This highway passes through <a href="/wiki/Koyilandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Koyilandi">Koyilandi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulliyeri" title="Ulliyeri">Ulliyeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balussery" title="Balussery">Balussery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thamarassery" title="Thamarassery">Thamarassery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omassery" title="Omassery">Omassery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukkam" title="Mukkam">Mukkam</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buses">Buses</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Buses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Buses, predominantly run by individual owners, ply on the routes within the city and to nearby locations. City buses are painted green. <a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Kerala State Road Transport Corporation">Kerala State Road Transport Corporation</a> (KSRTC) runs regular services to many destinations in the state and to the neighboring states. The city has three bus stands. All private buses to the suburban and nearby towns ply from the Palayam Bus Stand. Private buses to adjoining districts start from the Mofussil Bus Stand on Indira Gandhi Road (Mavoor Road). Buses operated by the KSRTC drive from the KSRTC bus stand on Indira Gandhi Road. KSRTC Bus Stand Kozhikode is the largest bus stand in Kerala having a size of 36,036.47 meter square.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> There are also KSRTC depots in <a href="/wiki/Thamarassery" title="Thamarassery">Thamarassery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thottilpalam" title="Thottilpalam">Thottilpalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thiruvambady" title="Thiruvambady">Thiruvambady</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vatakara" title="Vatakara">Vatakara</a>. There are three routes available to Bangalore. Kozhikode–<a href="/wiki/Sultan_Bathery" title="Sultan Bathery">Sulthan Bathery</a>-<a href="/wiki/Gundlupet" title="Gundlupet">Gundlupet</a>–<a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> is the preferred one and is very busy. Another route, is Kozhikode-<a href="/wiki/Mananthavady" title="Mananthavady">Manathavady</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kutta" title="Kutta">Kutta</a>-Mysore-Bangalore. The third one, less used, is Kozhikode–Gundlupet–<a href="/wiki/Chamarajanagar" title="Chamarajanagar">Chamarajanagar</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kollegal" title="Kollegal">Kollegal</a>–Bangalore. Private tour operators maintain regular luxury bus services to <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vellore" title="Vellore">Vellore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trivandrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Trivandrum">Trivandrum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ooty" title="Ooty">Ooty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>. etc. and mainly operate from the Palayam area. These are usually night services. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Rail" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Kozhikode has a main railway station, where all passing trains stops. There are other railway stations within the City limits. They are Elathur, West Hill, Vellayil and Kallai. Only local passenger trains stops in these stations. One can travel to almost all destinations within the country from Kozhikode. The history of railways in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> dates to 1861 when the first tracks were laid between <a href="/wiki/Tirur" title="Tirur">Tirur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beypore" title="Beypore">Beypore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Air" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Calicut_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicut International Airport">Calicut International Airport</a> is 26 kilometres (16 mi) from the city . It began operations in 1988. Domestic services are operated to major Indian cities. It received the status of an international airport in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KLF_2020_Sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/KLF_2020_Sunset.jpg/220px-KLF_2020_Sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/KLF_2020_Sunset.jpg/220px-KLF_2020_Sunset.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/KLF_2020_Sunset.jpg/330px-KLF_2020_Sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/KLF_2020_Sunset.jpg/440px-KLF_2020_Sunset.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Kozhikode is one of the biggest economic hubs in Kerala. Service sector dominates the economy followed by industries. Nedungadi Bank, the first and oldest bank in the modern state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, was established by <a href="/wiki/Appu_Nedungadi" title="Appu Nedungadi">Appu Nedungadi</a> at Kozhikode in the year 1899 (now merged with Panjab National Bank).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandran2018386-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyberpark" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyberpark">Cyberpark</a>, a Government of Kerala organisation, plans to build, operate and manage IT parks for the promotion and development of investment in IT and ITES industries in the Malabar region of Kerala. It would be the third IT hub in the state of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. The two IT parks might create a total 100,000 direct job opportunities. The first project is the development of Cyberpark hub in Kozhikode with its spokes at Kannur and Kazargode IT parks.<a href="#cite_note-calicut_cyberpark-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Other planned projects include the Birla IT park (at Mavoor) and Malaysian satellite city (at Kinaloor) where KINFRA has plans to set up a 160-hectare (400-acre) industrial park. In 2012, Kozhikode was given the tag of "City of Sculptures" (Shilpa Nagaram) because of the architectural sculptures around the city.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Currently there are many IT companies running in UL <a href="/wiki/Cyberpark" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyberpark">Cyberpark</a>, Government <a href="/wiki/Cyberpark" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyberpark">Cyberpark</a> and Hilite Business Park. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shopping">Shopping</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Shopping" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Focus_mall_calicut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Focus_mall_calicut.jpg/220px-Focus_mall_calicut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="673"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Focus_mall_calicut.jpg/220px-Focus_mall_calicut.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Focus_mall_calicut.jpg/330px-Focus_mall_calicut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Focus_mall_calicut.jpg/440px-Focus_mall_calicut.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Focus Mall, the first shopping mall of its kind in the State</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shopping_Malls_in_Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Shopping Malls in Calicut">Shopping Malls in Calicut</a></div> The city has a strong mercantile aspect. The main area of business was once Valiyangadi (Big Bazaar) near the railway station. As time progressed, it shifted to other parts of the city. The commercial heart has moved to <a href="/wiki/S._M._Street" title="S. M. Street">Mittai Theruvu (Sweetmeat Street or S. M. Street)</a>, a long street crammed with shops that sell everything from <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">saris</a> to cosmetics. It also houses restaurants and sweetmeat shops. Today, the city has multiple shopping malls. Focus Mall (First mall of Kerala ), <a href="/wiki/Hilite_Mall" title="Hilite Mall">HiLITE Mall</a>,<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Gokulam Mall, Address Mall and RP Mall are a few among them.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/LuLu_Group_International" title="LuLu Group International">LuLu Group International</a>'s Lulu Mall has started operations in Mankavu. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In addition to the Malabar Mahotsavam, the annual cultural fest of Kozhikode,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> every year since 1981 the Tyagaraja Aradhana Trust has been conducting a five-day music festival in honour of <a href="/wiki/Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Tyagaraja</a>. The festival is complete with the Uncchavritti, rendering of Divyanama kritis, <a href="/wiki/Pancharatna_Kriti" title="Pancharatna Kriti">Pancharatna Kritis</a>, concerts by professional artistes and students of music from morning to late in the evening.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Kozhikode has a tradition of <a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">Ghazal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music" title="Hindustani classical music">Hindustani</a> music appreciation. There are many Malayalam Ghazals. The late film director and play back singer <a href="/wiki/M._S._Baburaj" title="M. S. Baburaj">M. S. Baburaj</a>, from Kozhikode was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Ghazal" title="Ghazal">Ghazal</a> and Hindustani.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Newspapers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Newspaper publishing started in Kozhikode with the launch of the English weekly West Coast Spectator in 1879. Edited by Dr. Keys and printed by Vakil Poovadan Raman from the Spectator Press, it was rechristened the Malabar Spectator in later years. The first Malayalam newspaper in Kozhikode was <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Pathrika" title="Kerala Pathrika">Kerala Pathrika</a> established by <a href="/wiki/Chengalathu_Kunhirama_Menon" class="mw-redirect" title="Chengalathu Kunhirama Menon">Chengalathu Kunhirama Menon</a> in 1884. Keralam, <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Sanchari" title="Kerala Sanchari">Kerala Sanchari</a> and Bharathivasam were among the other newspapers published in Kozhikode in the 19th century. Some of the major newspapers that contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a> <a href="/wiki/Mathrubhumi" title="Mathrubhumi">Mathrubhumi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mithavadi" title="Mithavadi">Mithavadi</a>, were based in Kozhikode.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Now almost all the major newspapers in Malayalam have editions in Kozhikode. English newspapers such as <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a> also have Kozhikode editions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Radio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Kozhikode radio station of <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a> has two transmitters: Kozhikode AM (100 kilowatts) and Kozhikode FM [Vividh Bharathi] (10 kilowatts). Private FM radio stations are <a href="/wiki/Radio_Mango_91.9" title="Radio Mango 91.9">Radio Mango 91.9</a> operated by Malayala Manorama Co. Ltd. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Mirchi" title="Radio Mirchi">Radio Mirchi</a> operated by Entertainment Network India Ltd. and <a href="/wiki/Club_FM_104.8" class="mw-redirect" title="Club FM 104.8">Club FM 104.8</a> operated by Mathrubhumi group and <a href="/wiki/Red_FM_(India)" title="Red FM (India)">Red FM 93.5</a> of the SUN Network. AIR FM radio stations are Kozhikode – 103.6 MHz; AIR MW radio station is Kozhikode – 684 kHz. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Television" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MediaOne_TV_Headquarters_And_Studio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/MediaOne_TV_Headquarters_And_Studio.jpg/220px-MediaOne_TV_Headquarters_And_Studio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/MediaOne_TV_Headquarters_And_Studio.jpg/220px-MediaOne_TV_Headquarters_And_Studio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/MediaOne_TV_Headquarters_And_Studio.jpg/330px-MediaOne_TV_Headquarters_And_Studio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/MediaOne_TV_Headquarters_And_Studio.jpg/440px-MediaOne_TV_Headquarters_And_Studio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>MediaOne TV Headquarters And Studio</figcaption></figure> A television transmitter has been functioning in Kozhikode since 3 July 1984, relaying programmes from <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a> <a href="/wiki/Doordarshan" title="Doordarshan">Doordarshan</a>. Doordarshan has its broadcasting centre in Kozhikode at Medical College. The Malayalam channels based on Kozhikode are the <a href="/wiki/Shalom_(TV_channel)" title="Shalom (TV channel)">Shalom Television</a>, Darshana TV and <a href="/wiki/Media_One_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Media One TV">Media One TV</a>. All major channels in Malayalam viz. <a href="/wiki/Manorama_News" title="Manorama News">Manorama News</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asianet_News" title="Asianet News">Asianet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surya_TV" title="Surya TV">Surya TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kairali_TV" title="Kairali TV">Kairali TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amrita_TV" title="Amrita TV">Amrita TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeevan_TV" title="Jeevan TV">Jeevan TV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jaihind" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaihind">Jaihind</a> have their studios and news bureaus in the city. Satellite television services are available through <a href="/wiki/DD_Direct%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="DD Direct+">DD Direct+</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dish_TV" title="Dish TV">Dish TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Direct_DTH" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Direct DTH">Sun Direct DTH</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tata_Sky" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Sky">Tata Sky</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asianet_Digital_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Asianet Digital TV">Asianet Digital TV</a> is popularly known as ACV telecasts daily city news. Spidernet is another local channel. Other local operators include KCL and Citinet. The Calicut Press Club came into existence in 1970. It is the nerve centre of all media activities, both print and electronic. Begun with around 70 members in the roll, this Press Club, became a prestigious and alert media centre in the state with a present membership of over 280.<a href="#cite_note-calicut_press_club-101">[101]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg/220px-IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1280"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg/220px-IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg/330px-IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg/440px-IIM_Kozhikode_Aerial_View_s.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Kozhikode" title="Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode">Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:NITC_AB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/NITC_AB.jpg/220px-NITC_AB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="431"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/NITC_AB.jpg/220px-NITC_AB.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/NITC_AB.jpg/330px-NITC_AB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/NITC_AB.jpg/440px-NITC_AB.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology_Calicut" title="National Institute of Technology Calicut">National Institute of Technology Calicut</a></div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Educational_institutions_in_Kozhikode_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Educational institutions in Kozhikode district">Educational institutions in Kozhikode district</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kerala" title="Education in Kerala">Education in Kerala</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Kozhikode" class="mw-redirect" title="List of educational institutions in Kozhikode">List of educational institutions in Kozhikode</a></div> There are 1,237 schools in Kozhikode district including 191 highschools.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Kozhikode is home to two premier educational institutions of national importance: the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Kozhikode" title="Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode">Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode</a> (IIMK), and the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology_Calicut" title="National Institute of Technology Calicut">National Institute of Technology Calicut</a> (NITC). Other research institutions located in Kozhikode include <a href="/wiki/NIRDESH" title="NIRDESH">National Institute for Research and Development in Defence Shipbuilding</a> (NIRDESH),<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Spices_Research" title="Indian Institute of Spices Research">Indian Institute of Spices Research</a> (IISR),<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM) and National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT).<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calicut" title="University of Calicut">University of Calicut</a> is the largest university in Kerala and is located in <a href="/wiki/Thenjipalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Thenjipalam">Thenjipalam</a>, about 24 kilometres (15 mi) south of Calicut. This university was established in 1968 and was the second university set up in Kerala. Most of the colleges offering tertiary education in the region are affiliated to this university.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Calicut_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicut Medical College">Calicut Medical College</a> was established in 1957 as the second medical college in Kerala. Since then, the institution has grown into a premier centre of medical education in the state. Presently it is the largest medical institute in the state with a yearly intake of 250 candidates for the undergraduate programme. The <a href="/wiki/Government_Law_College,_Kozhikode" title="Government Law College, Kozhikode">Government Law College, Kozhikode</a> situated in <a href="/wiki/Vellimadukunnu" class="mw-redirect" title="Vellimadukunnu">Vellimadukunnu</a> on the out skirts of kozhikode town, is owned by the Government of Kerala and affiliated to the University of Calicut. The college caters to the needs of the north Malabar region of Kerala it is the third law college in kerala state founded in 1970. Main colleges in calicut city: Zamurians Guruvayoorappan College, Malabar Christian college, Farook College, Devagiri College, Providence college for women, Govt. Arts & science college, Meenchantha, <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Government_Polytechnic_College" title="Kerala Government Polytechnic College">Kerala Government Polytechnic College</a>, West Hill, <a href="/wiki/Government_Engineering_College,_Kozhikode" title="Government Engineering College, Kozhikode">Government Engineering College Kozhikode</a>. <a href="#cite_note-Kozhikode_Education-107">[107]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Football" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Kozhikode is home to <a href="/wiki/I-League" title="I-League">I-League</a> club <a href="/wiki/Gokulam_Kerala_FC" title="Gokulam Kerala FC">Gokulam Kerala</a>, they won 2 titles and Durand Cup. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volleyball">Volleyball</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Volleyball" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Calicut_Heroes" title="Calicut Heroes">Calicut Heroes</a> Playing in top flight league <a href="/wiki/Prime_Volleyball_League" title="Prime Volleyball League">Prime Volleyball League</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Twin/sister_cities">Twin/sister cities</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Twin/sister cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> Calicut's sister city or twin city is <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><noscript><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" data-alt="Russia" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a>, Russia<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Kozhikode" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings in Kozhikode">List of tallest buildings in Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Malabar" title="North Malabar">North Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_District" title="Malabar District">Malabar District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Malabar" title="South Malabar">South Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_East" title="Kozhikode East">Kozhikode East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_North" title="Kozhikode North">Kozhikode North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_South" title="Kozhikode South">Kozhikode South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Kozhikode" title="List of people from Kozhikode">List of people from Kozhikode</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output 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Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111215163132/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india2/Million_Plus_UAs_Cities_2011.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Urban+Agglomerations%2FCities+having+population+1+million+and+above&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Registrar+General+%26+Census+Commissioner%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011-prov-results%2Fpaper2%2Fdata_files%2Findia2%2FMillion_Plus_UAs_Cities_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/tier-1-and-2-cities.html">"Tier I and Tier II Cities of India, Classification of Indian Cities"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mapsofindia.com&rft.atitle=Tier+I+and+Tier+II+Cities+of+India%2C+Classification+of+Indian+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapsofindia.com%2Fmaps%2Findia%2Ftier-1-and-2-cities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-askh-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-askh_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-askh_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-askh_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-askh_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-askh_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-askh_13-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSreedhara_Menon2007" class="citation book cs1">Sreedhara Menon, A. (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FAlXPgAACAAJ&q=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B3+%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82">Kerala Charitram</a> (2007 ed.). Kottayam: DC Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-264-1588-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-264-1588-5"><bdi>978-81-264-1588-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113141403/https://books.google.com/books?id=FAlXPgAACAAJ&q=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B3+%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kerala+Charitram&rft.place=Kottayam&rft.edition=2007&rft.pub=DC+Books&rft.date=2007-01&rft.isbn=978-81-264-1588-5&rft.aulast=Sreedhara+Menon&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFAlXPgAACAAJ%26q%3D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%2587%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25B3%2B%25E0%25B4%259A%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%2582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibnlive.com/news/best-cities-to-live-invest-and-earn-in/53060-7.html">"Best cities to live, invest and earn in"</a>. Ibnlive.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624200517/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/best-cities-to-live-invest-and-earn-in/53060-7.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2008. Retrieved 23 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Best+cities+to+live%2C+invest+and+earn+in&rft.pub=Ibnlive.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibnlive.com%2Fnews%2Fbest-cities-to-live-invest-and-earn-in%2F53060-7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> Indicus considered six parameters: health, education, environment, safety, public facilities and entertainment </li> <li id="cite_note-OnManorama-15"><a href="#cite_ref-OnManorama_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/11/01/kozhikode-included-unesco-creative-cities-network.html">"Kerala's Kozhikode included in UNESCO Creative Cities Network"</a>. OnManorama.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OnManorama&rft.atitle=Kerala%27s+Kozhikode+included+in+UNESCO+Creative+Cities+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onmanorama.com%2Fnews%2Fkerala%2F2023%2F11%2F01%2Fkozhikode-included-unesco-creative-cities-network.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon1965" class="citation book cs1">Menon, A. Sreedhara (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BsO1AAAAIAAJ">Kerala District Gazetteers: Kozhikode - Gazetteer of India, Volume 5 of Kerala District Gazetteers, Kerala (India)</a>. Superintendent of Govt. Presses.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kerala+District+Gazetteers%3A+Kozhikode+-+Gazetteer+of+India%2C+Volume+5+of+Kerala+District+Gazetteers%2C+Kerala+%28India%29&rft.pub=Superintendent+of+Govt.+Presses&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=A.+Sreedhara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBsO1AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-a-s-menon-1-17"><a href="#cite_ref-a-s-menon-1_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon2011" class="citation book cs1">Menon, A. Sreedhara (2011). Kerala History and Its Makers. DC Books. p. 252. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126437825" title="Special:BookSources/9788126437825"><bdi>9788126437825</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kerala+History+and+Its+Makers&rft.pages=252&rft.pub=DC+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9788126437825&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=A.+Sreedhara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandran2018366-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandran2018366_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChandran2018">Chandran 2018</a>, p. 366. </li> <li id="cite_note-Krishna-iyer-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Krishna-iyer_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krishna-iyer_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krishna-iyer_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krishna-iyer_19-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyyar1938" class="citation book cs1">Ayyar, K. V. Krishna (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BsO1AAAAIAAJ">The Zamorins of Calicut: From the Earliest Times Down to A.D. 1806</a>. Publication Division, University of Calicut; University of Michigan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Zamorins+of+Calicut%3A+From+the+Earliest+Times+Down+to+A.D.+1806&rft.pub=Publication+Division%2C+University+of+Calicut%3B+University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Ayyar&rft.aufirst=K.+V.+Krishna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBsO1AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Battuta1-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Battuta1_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHermann_Kulke,_Dietmar_Rothermund2010" class="citation book cs1">Hermann Kulke, Dietmar Rothermund (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151027035017/http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415485432/18.asp">"18. Ibn Battuta: International Trade at the Malabar Coast"</a>. A History of India. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415485432" title="Special:BookSources/9780415485432"><bdi>9780415485432</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415485432/18.asp">the original</a> on 27 October 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015. <q>Thence we travelled to the town of Qāliqūṭ. [Calicut], which is one of the chief ports in Mulaibār.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=18.+Ibn+Battuta%3A+International+Trade+at+the+Malabar+Coast&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780415485432&rft.au=Hermann+Kulke%2C+Dietmar+Rothermund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcw.routledge.com%2Ftextbooks%2F9780415485432%2F18.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eb-calico-21"><a href="#cite_ref-eb-calico_21-0">^</a> Encyclopædia Britannica (2008). calico </li> <li id="cite_note-dreamstress-22"><a href="#cite_ref-dreamstress_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thedreamstress.com/search/calico%2C+Muslin%2C+gauze/">"You searched for calico, Muslin, gauze"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410075034/https://thedreamstress.com/search/calico,+Muslin,+gauze/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=You+searched+for+calico%2C+Muslin%2C+gauze&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthedreamstress.com%2Fsearch%2Fcalico%252C%2BMuslin%252C%2Bgauze%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/calico">"Calico definition and meaning"</a>. Collins English Dictionary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501193908/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/calico">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2021. 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DC Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126415786" title="Special:BookSources/9788126415786"><bdi>9788126415786</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Survey+of+Kerala+History&rft.pub=DC+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9788126415786&rft.au=Menon%2C+A.+Sreedhara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFVsw35oEBv4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India, Yogesh Sharma, Primus Books 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Gurukkal, R., & Whittaker, D. (2001). In search of Muziris. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 14, 334-350. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, goods from India were sold in the Empire at 100 times their original purchase price </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131106031753/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/BookLibrary/books/bibliographie/P/Plinyelder/elder/pliny-india.html">"Ancient History Sourcebook: Pliny: Natural History 6.96-111. (On India)"</a>. 6 November 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/BookLibrary/books/bibliographie/P/Plinyelder/elder/pliny-india.html">the original</a> on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancient+History+Sourcebook%3A+Pliny%3A+Natural+History+6.96-111.+%28On+India%29&rft.date=2013-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cartage.org.lb%2Fen%2Fthemes%2FBookLibrary%2Fbooks%2Fbibliographie%2FP%2FPlinyelder%2Felder%2Fpliny-india.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Bostock, John (1855). "26 (Voyages to India)". Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. London: Taylor and Francis. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Indicopleustes, Cosmas (1897). Christian Topography. 11. United Kingdom: The Tertullian Project. pp. 358–373. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Das, Santosh Kumar (2006). The Economic History of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 301. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyyappa_Paniker1997" class="citation book cs1">Ayyappa Paniker, K. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&q=Tiya&pg=PA316">Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections</a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126003655" title="Special:BookSources/9788126003655"><bdi>9788126003655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Indian+Literature%3A+Surveys+and+selections&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9788126003655&rft.aulast=Ayyappa+Paniker&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYLpvaKJIMEC%26q%3DTiya%26pg%3DPA316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unni2nn-33"><a href="#cite_ref-unni2nn_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon2011" class="citation book cs1">Menon, A. Sreedhara (4 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wnAjqjhc1VcC">Kerala History and its Makers</a>. D C Books. pp. 82–86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-264-3782-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-264-3782-5"><bdi>978-81-264-3782-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 10 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kerala+History+and+its+Makers&rft.pages=82-86&rft.pub=D+C+Books&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft.isbn=978-81-264-3782-5&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=A.+Sreedhara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwnAjqjhc1VcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNisha2020" class="citation book cs1">Nisha, P. R. (12 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=My8DEAAAQBAJ&q=Chekavan&pg=PT42">Jumbos and Jumping Devils: A Social History of Indian Circus</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190992071" title="Special:BookSources/9780190992071"><bdi>9780190992071</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jumbos+and+Jumping+Devils%3A+A+Social+History+of+Indian+Circus&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020-06-12&rft.isbn=9780190992071&rft.aulast=Nisha&rft.aufirst=P.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMy8DEAAAQBAJ%26q%3DChekavan%26pg%3DPT42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malekandathil-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Malekandathil_35-0">^</a> The Portuguese, Indian Ocean and European Bridgeheads 1500–1800. Festschrift in Honour of Prof. K. S. Mathew (2001). Edited by: Pius Malekandathil and T. Jamal Mohammed. Fundacoa Oriente. 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New York: Pearson Longman. pp. 30–31 & 49–50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-321-08443-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-321-08443-9"><bdi>978-0-321-08443-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zheng+He%3A+China+and+the+Oceans+in+the+Early+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1405%E2%80%931433&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=30-31+%26+49-50&rft.pub=Pearson+Longman&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-321-08443-9&rft.aulast=Dreyer&rft.aufirst=Edward+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kozhikode_2011-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Kozhikode_2011_37-0">^</a> "Kozhikode." Encyclopædia Britannica. 18 November 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723170404/http://www.assocham.org/prels/shownews.php?id=1316">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assocham.org/prels/shownews.php?id=1316">the original</a> on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assocham.org%2Fprels%2Fshownews.php%3Fid%3D1316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Battuta,_H._A._R._Gibb1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a>, H. A. R. Gibb (1994). The Travels of Ibn Battuta A.D 1325-1354. Vol. IV. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Travels+of+Ibn+Battuta+A.D+1325-1354&rft.place=London&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Ibn+Battuta%2C+H.+A.+R.+Gibb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ma_Huan" title="Ma Huan">Ma Huan</a>: Ying Yai Sheng Lan, The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores, translated by J.V.G. 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D.C.Books Kottayam </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EBG2AAAAIAAJ">Bhāratīya sthalanāma patrikā</a> (page 44) published by Place Names Society of India </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSewell1884" class="citation book cs1">Sewell, Robert (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S8wOAAAAQAAJ">Lists of inscriptions, and sketch of the dynasties of southern India</a>. E. Keys at the Government Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S8wOAAAAQAAJ/page/n209">197</a>. <q>The Samoothiri made Menokki ruler of Porallatiri and came to terms with the troops and people. After this follows an account of the founding of the town of Kozhikode, close to the Samoothiri's palace at Tali</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lists+of+inscriptions%2C+and+sketch+of+the+dynasties+of+southern+India&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=E.+Keys+at+the+Government+Press&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Sewell&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_S8wOAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._V._Krishna_AyyarUniversity_of_Calicut._Publication_Division1938" class="citation book cs1">K. V. Krishna Ayyar; University of Calicut. Publication Division (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oUtuAAAAMAAJ">The Samorins of Calicut: from the earliest times down to A.D. 1806</a>. Publication Division, University of Calicut. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7748-000-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7748-000-9"><bdi>978-81-7748-000-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414084517/https://books.google.com/books?id=oUtuAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Samorins+of+Calicut%3A+from+the+earliest+times+down+to+A.D.+1806&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Publication+Division%2C+University+of+Calicut&rft.date=1938&rft.isbn=978-81-7748-000-9&rft.au=K.+V.+Krishna+Ayyar&rft.au=University+of+Calicut.+Publication+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoUtuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Varier-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Varier_47-0">^</a> Varier, M. R. Raghava. "Documents of Investiture Ceremonies" in K. K. N. Kurup, Edit., "India's Naval Traditions". Northern Book Centre, New Delhi, 1997 </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, Cambridge University Press, 1997, 288 </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnox,_Robert1681" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Knox_(sailor)" title="Robert Knox (sailor)">Knox, Robert</a> (1681). <a href="/wiki/An_Historical_Relation_of_the_Island_Ceylon" title="An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon">An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon</a>. London: Reprint. Asian Educational Services. pp. 19–47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Historical+Relation+of+the+Island+Ceylon&rft.place=London&rft.pages=19-47&rft.pub=Reprint.+Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1681&rft.au=Knox%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12n-50"><a href="#cite_ref-12n_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS.N.Sadasivan2000" class="citation book cs1">S.N.Sadasivan (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC">A Social History of India</a>. APH. p. 353. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788176481700" title="Special:BookSources/9788176481700"><bdi>9788176481700</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+India&rft.pages=353&rft.pub=APH&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9788176481700&rft.au=S.N.Sadasivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBe3PCvzf-BYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFകോളേജ്" class="citation web cs1">കോളേജ്, എം സി വസിഷ്ഠ് അസോസിയേറ്റ് പ്രൊഫസർ ചരിത്രവിഭാഗം മലബാർ ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182315/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/kozhikode/nagaram/article-1.4442812">"കോഴിക്കോട്ടുകാർ മറന്നുപോയ രാരിച്ചൻ മൂപ്പൻ"</a>. 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Retrieved 15 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mathrubhumi&rft.atitle=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC+%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF+%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BB+%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BB&rft.aulast=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D&rft.aufirst=%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A0%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC+%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82+%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC+%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathrubhumi.com%2Fkozhikode%2Fnagaram%2Farticle-1.4442812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kunjali_Maraikar-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Kunjali_Maraikar_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kozhikode.com/history.htm">"Kozhikode (Calicut), Kerala, India - Kozhikode (Calicut) Hotels, Kozhikode (Calicut) resorts, Kozhikode (Calicut) tourism, Kozhikode (Calicut) real estate and Kozhikode (Calicut) businesses"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Mass+Media&rft.pub=University+of+Calicut&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.universityofcalicut.info%2Fcuonline%2Fexnotif%2Fex4235.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://keralamediaacademy.org/?page_id=317#:~:text=An%20English%20weekly%20entitled%20the,edited%20by%20an%20Englishman%2C%20Dr.">"History of Media in Kerala"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230212101647/http://keralamediaacademy.org/?page_id=317#:~:text=An%20English%20weekly%20entitled%20the,edited%20by%20an%20Englishman%2C%20Dr.">Archived</a> 12 February 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Kerala Media Academy. Retrieved 12 February 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-calicut_press_club-101"><a href="#cite_ref-calicut_press_club_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030623175252/http://www.calicutpressclub.com/aboutus.htm">"Calicut press club"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calicutpressclub.com/aboutus.htm">the original</a> on 23 June 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calicut+press+club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.calicutpressclub.com%2Faboutus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://verfasor.com/complete-list-of-high-schools-kozhikode/">List of High Schools in Kozhikode</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220923162004/https://verfasor.com/complete-list-of-high-schools-kozhikode/">Archived</a> 23 September 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Verfasor 28 December 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiju_Govind2016" class="citation news cs1">Biju Govind (1 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/nirdesh-to-design-ships-for-navy/article8543227.ece">"Nirdesh to design ships for Navy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. Calicut, India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191213140314/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/nirdesh-to-design-ships-for-navy/article8543227.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Nirdesh+to+design+ships+for+Navy&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.au=Biju+Govind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2Fkozhikode%2Fnirdesh-to-design-ships-for-navy%2Farticle8543227.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spices.res.in/pages/history">"History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Spices_Research" title="Indian Institute of Spices Research">Indian Institute of Spices Research</a>. 12 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411100952/http://www.spices.res.in/pages/history">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=Indian+Institute+of+Spices+Research&rft.date=2018-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spices.res.in%2Fpages%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nielit.gov.in/calicut/content/introduction-8">"Introduction"</a>. National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology. 21 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190716210931/http://nielit.gov.in/calicut/content/introduction-8">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Electronics+and+Information+Technology&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnielit.gov.in%2Fcalicut%2Fcontent%2Fintroduction-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803190150/https://www.uoc.ac.in/index.php/2016-04-27-10-18-51/2016-04-27-10-22-09">"About"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calicut" title="University of Calicut">University of Calicut</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uoc.ac.in/index.php/2016-04-27-10-18-51/2016-04-27-10-22-09">the original</a> on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About&rft.pub=University+of+Calicut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uoc.ac.in%2Findex.php%2F2016-04-27-10-18-51%2F2016-04-27-10-22-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kozhikode_Education-107"><a href="#cite_ref-Kozhikode_Education_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205003038/http://www.kkd.kerala.gov.in/important.htm">"Kozhikode Education"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kkd.kerala.gov.in/important.htm">the original</a> on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kozhikode+Education&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kkd.kerala.gov.in%2Fimportant.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/celebrating-kozhikodes-links-with-a-russian-city/article65317847.ece">"Celebrating Kozhikode's links with a Russian city"</a>. The Hindu. 13 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220427183549/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/celebrating-kozhikodes-links-with-a-russian-city/article65317847.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Celebrating+Kozhikode%27s+links+with+a+Russian+city&rft.date=2022-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2Fkozhikode%2Fcelebrating-kozhikodes-links-with-a-russian-city%2Farticle65317847.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandran2018" class="citation book cs1">Chandran, VP (2018). Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus - 2019 (Malayalam ed.). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathrubhumi+Yearbook+Plus+-+2019&rft.place=Kozhikode&rft.edition=Malayalam&rft.pub=P.+V.+Chandran%2C+Managing+Editor%2C+Mathrubhumi+Printing+%26+Publishing+Company+Limited%2C+Kozhikode&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Chandran&rft.aufirst=VP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._V._Krishna_Iyer1938" class="citation book cs1">K. V. Krishna Iyer (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.3379">Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806</a>. Norman Printing Bureau, Kozhikode.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zamorins+of+Calicut%3A+From+the+earliest+times+to+AD+1806&rft.pub=Norman+Printing+Bureau%2C+Kozhikode&rft.date=1938&rft.au=K.+V.+Krishna+Iyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.gov.ignca.3379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKozhikode" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kozhikode&params=11_15_31.7_N_75_46_49.4_E_type:city(1808056)_region:IN-KL">GeoHack - Kozhikode</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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href="http://kozhikode.nic.in/">Kozhikode District official website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 19 November 2024, at 12:06 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B7" title="قاليقوط – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قاليقوط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F" title="কলিকট – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কলিকট" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F" title="কালিকট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কালিকট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode_(si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF)" title="Kozhikode (siâⁿ) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kozhikode (siâⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8D" title="Кажыкодэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кажыкодэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1" title="कोझिकोड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कोझिकोड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кожикод – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кожикод" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кожикоде – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кожикоде" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3%C5%BEikk%C3%B3t" title="Kóžikkót – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kóžikkót" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calicut" title="Calicut – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Calicut" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A7%DE%8D%DE%A9%DE%86%DE%AF%DE%93%DE%AA" title="ކާލީކޯޓު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކާލީކޯޓު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalikuto" title="Kalikuto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalikuto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA" title="کالیکوت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالیکوت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calicut" title="Calicut – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Calicut" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B3%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D" title="કોળિક્કોટ્ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કોળિક્કોટ્" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%A7%80%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="코지코드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코지코드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%AA%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%A5" title="Կոժիկոդե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոժիկոդե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1" title="कोड़िकोड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोड़िकोड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87" title="কজহিকোদে – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কজহিকোদে" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%96%27%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" title="קוז'יקוד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוז'יקוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86" title="ಕಲ್ಲಿಕೋಟೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಲ್ಲಿಕೋಟೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%94" title="კოჟიკოდე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოჟიკოდე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calicut" title="Calicut – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Calicut" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calicutium" title="Calicutium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Calicutium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEikode" title="Kožikode – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kožikode" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%BEikod%C4%97" title="Kožikodė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kožikodė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozs%C3%ADk%C3%B3de" title="Kozsíkóde – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kozsíkóde" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1" title="कोझिकोड – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कोझिकोड" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="കോഴിക്കോട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോഴിക്കോട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1" title="कोळिकोड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कोळिकोड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AA" title="كاليكوت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاليكوت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode_(stad)" title="Kozhikode (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kozhikode (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1" title="कोझिकोड – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कोझिकोड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F" title="कोलिक्कोट – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोलिक्कोट" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="コーリコード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コーリコード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B3%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC" title="କୋଳିକୋଡ଼ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କୋଳିକୋଡ଼" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojikode" title="Kojikode – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kojikode" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%88" title="کوزیکوڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوزیکوڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calecute" title="Calecute – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calecute" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calicut" title="Calicut – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calicut" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кожикоде – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кожикоде" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="कोळिकोडे – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कोळिकोडे" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B0" title="ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱚᱡᱷᱤᱠᱚᱰ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кожикоде – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кожикоде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கோழிக்கோடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோழிக்கோடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="కోజికోడ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కోజికోడ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AC%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8F" title="โกฬิกโกฏ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โกฬิกโกฏ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кожикоде – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кожикоде" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9" title="کالیکٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کالیکٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kozhikode" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%B3%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%BE%B7" title="科泽科德 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科泽科德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%B3%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%BE%B7" title="科泽科德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科泽科德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 November 2024, at 12:06 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a 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data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-s6gq6","wgBackendResponseTime":242,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.064","walltime":"2.415","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16701,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":438938,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":84311,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":38,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":22,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":373901,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1966.187 1 -total"," 31.17% 612.879 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.92% 372.034 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 16.44% 323.153 1 Template:Infobox"," 13.89% 273.125 39 Template:Cite_web"," 8.11% 159.396 27 Template:Cite_book"," 7.50% 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