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id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lom_svjetlosti_u_prizmi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lom_svjetlosti_u_prizmi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lom svjetlosti u prizmi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lom_svjetlosti_u_prizmi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nicolova_prizma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nicolova_prizma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nicolova prizma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nicolova_prizma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Prizma (optika)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 73 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma" title="Prisma – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Prisma" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="موشور (بصريات) – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موشور (بصريات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_(%C3%B3ptica)" title="Prisma (óptica) – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Prisma (óptica)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Призма (оптика) – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Призма (оптика)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Призма (оптика) – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Призма (оптика)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AE_(%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="প্রিজম (আলোকবিজ্ঞান) – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রিজম (আলোকবিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kengereg" title="Kengereg – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kengereg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizma_(optika)" title="Prizma (optika) – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prizma (optika)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_%C3%B2ptic" title="Prisma òptic – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Prisma òptic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optick%C3%BD_hranol" title="Optický hranol – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Optický hranol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optisk_prisme" title="Optisk prisme – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Optisk prisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_(Optik)" title="Prisma (Optik) – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prisma (Optik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1_(%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Πρίσμα (οπτική) – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρίσμα (οπτική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)" title="Prism (optics) – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Prism (optics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prismo_(optiko)" title="Prismo (optiko) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prismo (optiko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_(%C3%B3ptica)" title="Prisma (óptica) – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Prisma (óptica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optiline_prisma" title="Optiline prisma – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Optiline prisma" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_optiko" title="Prisma optiko – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Prisma optiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1" title="منشور – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منشور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_(optiikka)" title="Prisma (optiikka) – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Prisma (optiikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisme_(optique)" title="Prisme (optique) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prisme (optique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_(optika)" title="Prisma (optika) – zapadnofrizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Prisma (optika)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadnofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A8%9C%E9%8F%A1" title="三稜鏡 – gan kineski" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="三稜鏡" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="מנסרה (אופטיקה) – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנסרה (אופטיקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रिज़्म – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रिज़्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizma" title="Prizma – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Prizma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1_(%D6%85%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1)" title="Պրիզմա (օպտիկա) – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պրիզմա (օպտիկա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_(optik)" title="Prisma (optik) – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Prisma (optik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glerstrendingur" title="Glerstrendingur – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Glerstrendingur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="プリズム – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プリズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizim" title="Prizim – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Prizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95" title="ಅಶ್ರಕ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಶ್ರಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" title="프리즘 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프리즘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma" title="Prisma – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Prisma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizm%C4%97" title="Prizmė – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prizmė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizma_(optika)" title="Prizma (optika) – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Prizma (optika)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Призма (оптика) – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Призма (оптика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രിസം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രിസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95" title="लोलक – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लोलक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma" title="Prisma – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Prisma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pri%C5%BCma" title="Priżma – malteški" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Priżma" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_(optica)" title="Prisma (optica) – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Prisma (optica)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optisk_prisme" title="Optisk prisme – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Optisk prisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisme_(optikk)" title="Prisme (optikk) – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Prisme (optikk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2" title="ਰੰਗਾਵਲ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੰਗਾਵਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pryzmat" title="Pryzmat – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pryzmat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_(%C3%B2tica)" title="Prisma (òtica) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Prisma (òtica)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_(%C3%B3ptica)" title="Prisma (óptica) – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Prisma (óptica)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism%C4%83_(optic%C4%83)" title="Prismă (optică) – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Prismă (optică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Призма (оптика) – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Призма (оптика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism" title="Prism – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Prism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizma_(optika)" title="Prizma (optika) – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prizma (optika)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA" title="ප්‍රිස්මය – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රිස්මය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)" title="Prism (optics) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Prism (optics)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optick%C3%BD_hranol" title="Optický hranol – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Optický hranol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opti%C4%8Dna_prizma" title="Optična prizma – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Optična prizma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizmi_(optik%C3%AB)" title="Prizmi (optikë) – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Prizmi (optikë)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Призма (оптика) – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Призма (оптика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_(optik)" title="Prisma (optik) – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Prisma (optik)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_(optik)" title="Prisma (optik) – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Prisma (optik)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பட்டகம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பட்டகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="పట్టకం – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పట్టకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%A1_(%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="ปริซึม (ทัศนศาสตร์) – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปริซึม (ทัศนศาสตร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prizma" title="Prizma – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Prizma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Призма (оптика) – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Призма (оптика)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Призма (оптика) – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Призма (оптика)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D8%A8%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="منشور (بصریات) – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="منشور (بصریات)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersion_prizmalar" title="Dispersion prizmalar – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dispersion prizmalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%83ng_k%C3%ADnh" title="Lăng kính – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lăng kính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma_(optika)" title="Prisma (optika) – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Prisma (optika)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%B1%E9%95%9C" title="棱镜 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="棱镜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%9C%E9%8F%A1" title="稜鏡 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="稜鏡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A8%9C%E9%8F%A1" title="三稜鏡 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="三稜鏡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q165896#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Prism-side-fs_PNr%C2%B00117.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Prism-side-fs_PNr%C2%B00117.jpg/250px-Prism-side-fs_PNr%C2%B00117.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Prism-side-fs_PNr%C2%B00117.jpg/375px-Prism-side-fs_PNr%C2%B00117.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Prism-side-fs_PNr%C2%B00117.jpg/500px-Prism-side-fs_PNr%C2%B00117.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1781" data-file-height="2123" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Plastika" title="Plastika">Plastična</a> prizma.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Prism_ray_trace.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Prism_ray_trace.svg/250px-Prism_ray_trace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Prism_ray_trace.svg/375px-Prism_ray_trace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Prism_ray_trace.svg/500px-Prism_ray_trace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="221" /></a><figcaption>Prolaz zrake svjetlosti kroz prizmu s kutom prizme <i>α</i>. Područja 0, 1 i 2 imaju indekse loma <i>n<sub>0</sub></i>, <i>n<sub>1</sub></i> i <i>n<sub>2</sub></i>. Kut <i>θ’</i> označuje kut nakon loma svjetlosti.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Lom_u_prizmi.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/3/38/Lom_u_prizmi.pdf/page1-250px-Lom_u_prizmi.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/3/38/Lom_u_prizmi.pdf/page1-375px-Lom_u_prizmi.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/3/38/Lom_u_prizmi.pdf/page1-500px-Lom_u_prizmi.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1754" data-file-height="1239" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lom_svjetlosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Lom svjetlosti">Lom svjetlosti</a> u prizmi.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Prism-rainbow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Prism-rainbow.svg/250px-Prism-rainbow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Prism-rainbow.svg/375px-Prism-rainbow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Prism-rainbow.svg/500px-Prism-rainbow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Disperzija_(optika)" title="Disperzija (optika)">Disperzija</a> kod optičke prizme uzrokuje da se bijela <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlost</a> razloži na <a href="/wiki/Spektar_(boja)" title="Spektar (boja)">dugine boje</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Prizma</b> ili <b>optička prizma</b>, u <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optici</a>, je obično trostrana prizma, od <a href="/wiki/Staklo" title="Staklo">stakla</a> ili nekoga drugoga prozirnog <a href="/wiki/Materijal" title="Materijal">materijala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kada zraka <a href="/wiki/Monokromator" title="Monokromator">monokromatske</a> svjetlosti padne na jednu plohu trostrane prizme, ona se <a href="/wiki/Refrakcija" title="Refrakcija">lomi</a> pri ulazu i pri izlazu iz prizme. <a href="/wiki/Kut" title="Kut">Kut</a> za koji zraka skrene iz svoga prvotnoga smjera, prošavši kroz prizmu, naziva se kut devijacije <i>θ</i>, a ovisi o kutu prizme <i>α</i> i o <a href="/wiki/Indeks_loma" title="Indeks loma">indeksu loma</a> <i>n</i> materijala od kojega je prizma načinjena. <a href="/wiki/Mjerenje" title="Mjerenje">Mjerenjem</a> kuta devijacije i pripadnoga kuta prizme može se izračunati indeks loma materijala prizme. Kut devijacije ovisi i o kutu upadanja zrake. On je najmanji <i>θ<sub>min</sub></i> kada zraka prolazi kroz prizmu simetrično. Za prizmu prikazano desno vrijedi: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\theta '_{0}&=\,{\text{arcsin}}{\Big (}{\frac {n_{0}}{n_{1}}}\,\sin \theta _{0}{\Big )}\\\theta _{1}&=\alpha -\theta '_{0}\\\theta '_{1}&=\,{\text{arcsin}}{\Big (}{\frac {n_{1}}{n_{2}}}\,\sin \theta _{1}{\Big )}\\\theta _{2}&=\theta '_{1}-\alpha \end{aligned}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true"> <mtr> <mtd> <msubsup> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msubsup> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>arcsin</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em">(</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>−</mo> <msubsup> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msubsup> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msubsup> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msubsup> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>arcsin</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em">(</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mi></mi> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>θ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msubsup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\theta '_{0}&=\,{\text{arcsin}}{\Big (}{\frac {n_{0}}{n_{1}}}\,\sin \theta _{0}{\Big )}\\\theta _{1}&=\alpha -\theta '_{0}\\\theta '_{1}&=\,{\text{arcsin}}{\Big (}{\frac {n_{1}}{n_{2}}}\,\sin \theta _{1}{\Big )}\\\theta _{2}&=\theta '_{1}-\alpha \end{aligned}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5b47df09014426f71ad7fec995231e23aa88bdf7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -7.671ex; margin-bottom: -0.334ex; width:24.566ex; height:17.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\theta '_{0}&=\,{\text{arcsin}}{\Big (}{\frac {n_{0}}{n_{1}}}\,\sin \theta _{0}{\Big )}\\\theta _{1}&=\alpha -\theta '_{0}\\\theta '_{1}&=\,{\text{arcsin}}{\Big (}{\frac {n_{1}}{n_{2}}}\,\sin \theta _{1}{\Big )}\\\theta _{2}&=\theta '_{1}-\alpha \end{aligned}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je <i>n</i> - <a href="/wiki/Indeks_loma" title="Indeks loma">indeks loma</a> materijala prizme. Budući da kut devijacije ovisi o indeksu loma, a indeks loma o <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" title="Valna duljina">valnoj duljini</a> <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a>, prizmom se može svjetlost rastaviti na komponente i tako dobiti <a href="/wiki/Disperzija_(optika)" title="Disperzija (optika)">disperzija svjetlosti</a>. To svojstvo prizme iskorištava se za dobivanje <a href="/wiki/Spektar_(fizika)" title="Spektar (fizika)">spektara</a> kod <a href="/wiki/Spektroskopija" title="Spektroskopija">spektroskopskih instrumenata</a>. Prizma za totalnu refleksiju trostrana je pravokutna prizma kojom se, zbog totalne <a href="/wiki/Refleksija" title="Refleksija">refleksije</a>, može zraka svjetlosti zakrenuti za 90° ili vratiti natrag i preokrenuti. Te se prizme upotrebljavaju kod mnogih optičkih instrumenata (na primjer Nicolova prizma). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lom_svjetlosti_u_prizmi">Lom svjetlosti u prizmi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prizma_(optika)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Lom svjetlosti u prizmi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prizma_(optika)&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Lom svjetlosti u prizmi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Optička prizma je prozirno tijelo omeđeno s dvije ravnine koje se sijeku pod oštrim kutom koji se zove lomni kut prizme <i>ρ</i>. Zraka se lomi kod ulaza u prizmu u točki A i kod izlaza iz prizme u točki B. U točki A zraka se otklonila od prvobitnog smjera za kut <i>δ<sub>1</sub> = α<sub>1</sub> - β<sub>1</sub></i>. U točki B za kut <i>δ<sub>2</sub> = α<sub>2</sub> - β<sub>2</sub></i>, pa je ukupni otklon ili <a href="/wiki/Devijacija" class="mw-disambig" title="Devijacija">devijacija</a> zrake svjetlosti od svoga prvobitnog smjera: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta =\delta _{1}+\delta _{2}=(\alpha _{1}-\beta _{1})+(\beta _{2}-\alpha _{2})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>δ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta =\delta _{1}+\delta _{2}=(\alpha _{1}-\beta _{1})+(\beta _{2}-\alpha _{2})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b88d361c5bc65ccde801cce1e81015262ad01b4b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:36.223ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta =\delta _{1}+\delta _{2}=(\alpha _{1}-\beta _{1})+(\beta _{2}-\alpha _{2})}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Kako je zbroj kutova u trokutu 180°: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (90^{\circ }-\beta _{1})+(90^{\circ }-\alpha _{2})+\rho =180^{\circ }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>90</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>90</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>180</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∘</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (90^{\circ }-\beta _{1})+(90^{\circ }-\alpha _{2})+\rho =180^{\circ }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e295708654ec302f6af6ab10d4a9901e5414fb53" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:35.492ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (90^{\circ }-\beta _{1})+(90^{\circ }-\alpha _{2})+\rho =180^{\circ }}"></span></dd></dl> <p>a odatle je: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho =\alpha _{2}+\beta _{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho =\alpha _{2}+\beta _{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d58a518a40b987d745af272e1b952872a8a82566" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.053ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho =\alpha _{2}+\beta _{1}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Uvrstimo li to u izraz za devijaciju, dobit ćemo: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta =\alpha _{1}+\beta _{2}-\rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta =\alpha _{1}+\beta _{2}-\rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/60a623c3610ec9cfaaf9f24b795d8e60a37fb419" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.942ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta =\alpha _{1}+\beta _{2}-\rho }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Devijacija će biti najmanja kada zraka svjetlosti bude simetrično prolazila kroz prizmu, to je kad bude <i>α<sub>1</sub> = β<sub>2</sub></i>. Ako je lomni kut <i>ρ</i> malen, imamo tanku prizmu, pa su i svi ostali kutovi maleni. Stoga u izrazu za indeks loma možemo sinuse zamijeniti samim kutovima, to jest: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n={\frac {\sin \alpha _{1}}{\sin \beta _{1}}}={\frac {\alpha _{1}}{\beta _{1}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n={\frac {\sin \alpha _{1}}{\sin \beta _{1}}}={\frac {\alpha _{1}}{\beta _{1}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6ef67e2e23d2168b5551f7819a26d5aaf78d2641" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:17.59ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n={\frac {\sin \alpha _{1}}{\sin \beta _{1}}}={\frac {\alpha _{1}}{\beta _{1}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n={\frac {\sin \beta _{2}}{\sin \alpha _{2}}}={\frac {\beta _{2}}{\alpha _{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n={\frac {\sin \beta _{2}}{\sin \alpha _{2}}}={\frac {\beta _{2}}{\alpha _{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/93999c42e9d928fb2258cf210f28893d0d652501" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:17.59ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n={\frac {\sin \beta _{2}}{\sin \alpha _{2}}}={\frac {\beta _{2}}{\alpha _{2}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>pa je: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{1}=n\cdot \beta _{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{1}=n\cdot \beta _{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f4c50956ffd484f5518a6b93f67c5e611f22e10a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.084ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{1}=n\cdot \beta _{1}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta _{2}=n\cdot \alpha _{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta _{2}=n\cdot \alpha _{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b928b7e2587ef071f6ffa3e88287ffdbd917221" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.084ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta _{2}=n\cdot \alpha _{2}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Uvrstimo li to u izraz za devijaciju: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta =n\cdot \beta _{1}+n\cdot \alpha _{2}-\rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta =n\cdot \beta _{1}+n\cdot \alpha _{2}-\rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1ee159602d3cb006d472900264bac617b2624d82" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.089ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta =n\cdot \beta _{1}+n\cdot \alpha _{2}-\rho }"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta =n\cdot (\alpha _{2}+\beta _{1})-\rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta =n\cdot (\alpha _{2}+\beta _{1})-\rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fffc17805032ed8ddaad16432f95a1e1c64ed03b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.825ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta =n\cdot (\alpha _{2}+\beta _{1})-\rho }"></span></dd></dl> <p>ili, jer je: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho =\alpha _{2}+\beta _{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho =\alpha _{2}+\beta _{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d58a518a40b987d745af272e1b952872a8a82566" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.053ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho =\alpha _{2}+\beta _{1}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>dobivamo: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta =n\cdot \rho -\rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta =n\cdot \rho -\rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cab7569017cee84727d10a5a5ce0a3d8d48614a1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.465ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta =n\cdot \rho -\rho }"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta =(n-1)\cdot \rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta =(n-1)\cdot \rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/780d2af92f97bfaef210fd15e9c3fd32f433b97a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.235ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta =(n-1)\cdot \rho }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Odatle vidimo da je devijacija kod prizme to veća što je veći indeks loma i lomni kut prizme. Zraka iz prizme izlazi otklonjena prema debljem kraju za kut devijacije.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nicolova_prizma">Nicolova prizma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prizma_(optika)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Nicolova prizma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prizma_(optika)&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nicolova prizma"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Nicolova_prizma" title="Nicolova prizma">Nicolova prizma</a></div></i></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Nicolova_prizma_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/a/a3/Nicolova_prizma_1.png/250px-Nicolova_prizma_1.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/a/a3/Nicolova_prizma_1.png/375px-Nicolova_prizma_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/a/a3/Nicolova_prizma_1.png/500px-Nicolova_prizma_1.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="286" /></a><figcaption>Nicolova prizma: 1. nepolarizirana zraka, 2. islandski <a href="/wiki/Dvolomac" title="Dvolomac">dvolomac</a>, 3. kanadski balzam, 4. ekstraordinarna zraka, 5. potpuno <a href="/wiki/Polarizacija" class="mw-disambig" title="Polarizacija">polarizirana</a> (ordinarna) zraka.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Nicolova prizma</b> je jedna od najpoznatijih naprava za stvaranje linearno <a href="/wiki/Polarizacija" class="mw-disambig" title="Polarizacija">polarizirane</a> svjetlosti. Upotrebljava se kao polarizator i analizator. Sastoji se od dvaju komada kristala <a href="/wiki/Dvolom" title="Dvolom">islandskoga dvolomca</a>, zalijepljenih kanadskim balzamom u obliku romboedarske prizme. Nepolarizirana zraka svjetlosti koja padne na brid Nicolove prizme dvostruko se lomi te daje ordinarnu i ekstraordinarnu zraku. Za ordinarnu je zraku indeks loma islandskoga dvolomca 1,658, a za ekstraordinarnu 1,486. Indeks loma kanadskoga balzama za obje je zrake jednak, i to 1,53 (za žutu <a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij">natrijevu</a> svjetlost). Ordinarna zraka koja na spojnicu od kanadskoga balzama dolazi pod kutom većim od kritičnoga totalno se reflektira, a ekstraordinarna zraka prolazi gotovo nesmetano kroz prizmu. Rezultat je da je izlazna zraka potpuno polarizirana. Taj sustav prizmi konstruirao je škotski fizičar William Nicol (1768. – 1851.). Modifikacije Nicolove prizme upotrebljavaju se i za druge, specijalne svrhe.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prizma_(optika)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prizma_(optika)&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>prizma</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=50486">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Velimir Kruz: "Tehnička fizika za tehničke škole", "Školska knjiga" Zagreb, 1969.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>Nicolova prizma</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=43714">[2]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prizma_(optika)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prizma_(optika)&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" class="noprint" style="clear: right; 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