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Psicologia sistemica - Wikipedia

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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>Con il termine <b>psicologia sistemica</b> si è soliti fare riferimento a quel complesso di ipotesi e ricerche che, nel tentativo di superare l'ottica centrata esclusivamente sull'individuo tipica della <a href="/wiki/Psicologia" title="Psicologia">psicologia</a> tradizionale, fanno riferimento alla <a href="/wiki/Teoria_generale_dei_sistemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria generale dei sistemi">teoria generale dei sistemi</a> di <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Bertalanffy" title="Ludwig von Bertalanffy">Ludwig von Bertalanffy</a> e alla <a href="/wiki/Cibernetica" title="Cibernetica">cibernetica</a> per lo studio della comunicazione e, dunque, della psicologia<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Gli autori principali che hanno fondato questo orientamento, a partire dalla fine degli <a href="/wiki/Anni_%2750" class="mw-redirect" title="Anni &#39;50">anni '50</a> al <a href="/wiki/Mental_Research_Institute" title="Mental Research Institute">Mental Research Institute</a> di <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto" title="Palo Alto">Palo Alto</a> (v. anche <a href="/wiki/Scuola_di_Palo_Alto" title="Scuola di Palo Alto">Scuola di Palo Alto</a>), sono <a href="/wiki/Paul_Watzlawick" title="Paul Watzlawick">Paul Watzlawick</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Bateson" title="Gregory Bateson">Gregory Bateson</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le caratteristiche principali di tale approccio teorico sono l'importanza data alla <a href="/wiki/Comunicazione" title="Comunicazione">comunicazione</a> ("è impossibile non comunicare" secondo uno degli <a href="/wiki/Assiomi_della_comunicazione" title="Assiomi della comunicazione">assiomi della comunicazione</a> di Paul Watzlawick<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>), e il concetto di <a href="/wiki/Sistema" title="Sistema">sistema</a>. Il sistema può essere definito come un insieme di parti che costituiscono tra loro relazioni tali che il comportamento di esse risulti influenzato dal legame in cui sono coinvolte. I sistemi sono differenti dalla somma delle loro parti, e l'analisi delle singole parti non porterebbe alla comprensione del sistema. Pertanto, oggetto di studio della psicologia, e in generale delle <a href="/wiki/Scienze_naturali" title="Scienze naturali">scienze naturali</a>, devono essere i sistemi e non le singole unità che li compongono<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Psicoterapia" title="Psicoterapia">psicoterapia</a> la teoria sistemica ha dato vita all'approccio <a href="/wiki/Terapia_familiare#Modello_sistemico-relazionale" title="Terapia familiare">sistemico-relazionale</a>, in cui l'individuo è visto come parte integrante dell'evoluzione del sistema <a href="/wiki/Famiglia" title="Famiglia">familiare</a> di cui fa parte. </p><p>In Italia un importante contributo a questo filone applicativo è stato fornito dalla psichiatra milanese <a href="/wiki/Mara_Selvini_Palazzoli" title="Mara Selvini Palazzoli">Mara Selvini Palazzoli</a> e dalla cosiddetta <a href="/wiki/Milan_Approach" title="Milan Approach">Scuola di Milano</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psicologia_sistemica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psicologia_sistemica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081001203159/http://www.bertalanffy.org/c_22.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Organsmic Systems Psychology</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science</span>. <small>URL consultato il 3 novembre 2018</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.bertalanffy.org/c_22.html">url originale</abbr> il 1º ottobre 2008)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Mecacci" title="Luciano Mecacci">Luciano Mecacci</a>, <i>Storia della psicologia del Novecento</i>, Bari, Laterza, 1992, p. 311. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> A. Gabardo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181103210531/https://www.piubenessere.it/psicologia-sistemica-teoria-dei-sistemi/"><span style="font-style:italic;">La psicologia sistemico relazionale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">piubenessere.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 3 novembre 2018</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https&#58;//www.piubenessere.it/psicologia-sistemica-teoria-dei-sistemi/">url originale</abbr> il 3 novembre 2018)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Watzlawick" title="Paul Watzlawick">Paul Watzlawick</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janet_Helmick_Beavin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Janet Helmick Beavin (la pagina non esiste)">Janet Helmick Beavin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donald_deAvila_Jackson" title="Donald deAvila Jackson">Don D. Jackson</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Pragmatica della comunicazione umana: studio dei modelli interattivi, delle patologie e dei paradossi</span>, Astrolabio Ubaldini, 1971, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-340-0142-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-340-0142-4">978-88-340-0142-4</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Bertalanffy" title="Ludwig von Bertalanffy">Ludwig von Bertalanffy</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Teoria generale dei sistemi</span>, Milano, ILI, 1968.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psicologia_sistemica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psicologia_sistemica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Watzlawick" title="Paul Watzlawick">Paul Watzlawick</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janet_Helmick_Beavin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Janet Helmick Beavin (la pagina non esiste)">Janet Helmick Beavin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donald_deAvila_Jackson" title="Donald deAvila Jackson">Don D. Jackson</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Pragmatica della comunicazione umana: studio dei modelli interattivi, delle patologie e dei paradossi</span>, Astrolabio Ubaldini, 1971, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-340-0142-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-340-0142-4">978-88-340-0142-4</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Watzlawick" title="Paul Watzlawick">Paul Watzlawick</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_H._Weakland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John H. Weakland (la pagina non esiste)">John H. Weakland</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Fisch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Fisch (la pagina non esiste)">Richard Fisch</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Change: la formazione e la soluzione dei problemi</span>, Astrolabio Ubaldini, 1974, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-340-0143-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-340-0143-1">978-88-340-0143-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Watzlawick" title="Paul Watzlawick">Paul Watzlawick</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">La realtà della realtà. Confusione, disinformazione, comunicazione</span>, Astrolabio Ubaldini, 1976, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-340-0144-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-340-0144-8">978-88-340-0144-8</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Bateson" title="Gregory Bateson">Gregory Bateson</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Verso un'ecologia della mente</span>, Adelphi, 1977, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-459-1535-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-459-1535-2">978-88-459-1535-2</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psicologia_sistemica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psicologia_sistemica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pensiero_sistemico" title="Pensiero sistemico">Pensiero sistemico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_dei_sistemi" title="Teoria dei sistemi">Teoria dei sistemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terapia_familiare" title="Terapia familiare">Terapia familiare</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psicologia_sistemica&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psicologia_sistemica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Systems psychology"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Systems_psychology?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sulla <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Systems_psychology?uselang=it">psicologia sistemica</a></span></b></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse noprint metadata" id="navbox-Prospettive_psicologiche"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; 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Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Prospettive psicologiche</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_list navbox_center navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Associazionismo" title="Associazionismo">Associazionismo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Strutturalismo_(psicologia)" title="Strutturalismo (psicologia)">Strutturalismo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Funzionalismo_(psicologia)" title="Funzionalismo (psicologia)">Funzionalismo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Psicologia_della_Gestalt" title="Psicologia della Gestalt">Psicologia della <i>Gestalt</i></a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Epistemologia_genetica" title="Epistemologia genetica">Epistemologia genetica</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scuola_storico-culturale" title="Scuola storico-culturale">Scuola storico-culturale</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Comportamentismo" title="Comportamentismo">Comportamentismo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Psicologia_cognitiva" title="Psicologia cognitiva">Cognitivismo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Costruttivismo_(psicologia)" title="Costruttivismo (psicologia)">Costruttivismo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a href="/wiki/Connessionismo" title="Connessionismo">Connessionismo</a><b>&#160;·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sistemica</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Psi2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Psicologia"><img alt="&#160;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/25px-Psi2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/38px-Psi2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/50px-Psi2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span>&#32;<b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Psicologia" title="Portale:Psicologia">Portale Psicologia</a></b>&#58; accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di psicologia</div></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7c479b968‐5nhdh Cached time: 20241117142708 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.269 seconds Real time usage: 0.324 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1924/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14067/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 282/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6895/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.179/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2678664/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 276.537 1 -total 30.36% 83.967 1 Template:Prospettive_psicologiche 29.02% 80.244 1 Template:Navbox 25.23% 69.781 2 Template:Cita_web 18.27% 50.525 1 Template:Portale 14.94% 41.318 1 Template:Interprogetto 10.30% 28.470 1 Template:Icona_argomento 8.76% 24.223 6 Template:Cita_libro 0.92% 2.542 10 Template:, --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key itwiki:pcache:idhash:2000654-0!canonical and timestamp 20241117142708 and revision id 139648120. 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