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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of aircraft tire</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maule_M-7-235C_Orion_C-FSRA_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Maule_M-7-235C_Orion_C-FSRA_04.JPG/250px-Maule_M-7-235C_Orion_C-FSRA_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Maule_M-7-235C_Orion_C-FSRA_04.JPG/375px-Maule_M-7-235C_Orion_C-FSRA_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Maule_M-7-235C_Orion_C-FSRA_04.JPG/500px-Maule_M-7-235C_Orion_C-FSRA_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maule_M-7" title="Maule M-7">Maule M-7-235C</a> on bushwheel-style tundra tires</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>tundra tire</b> (UK: <i>tundra tyre</i>) is a large low-pressure <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tire</a> used on <a href="/wiki/Light_aircraft" title="Light aircraft">light aircraft</a> to allow operations on rough terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlyingSeptember2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A common variant of tundra tire is the bushwheel brand. These tires include an integral inner tube with the valve manufactured into the side-wall, allowing the tire to operate at very low pressures without risking shearing-off the valve stem and causing a flat tire. Low-pressure tires provide greater cushioning and enable aircraft to land on rough surfaces, unsuitable for normal tires.<sup id="cite_ref-Alaskan_Bushwheels_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alaskan_Bushwheels-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crazed_Pilot_-_Alaskan_Bushwheels_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crazed_Pilot_-_Alaskan_Bushwheels-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bushwheels are a common modification for <a href="/wiki/Bush_plane" title="Bush plane">backcountry aircraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Backcountry_Pilot_Knowledge_Base_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Backcountry_Pilot_Knowledge_Base-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra_tire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tundra-style tire has been independently invented at different times and places. In North America its post-World War II invention is credited to <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/Welland_Phipps" title="Welland Phipps">Welland Phipps</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlyingSeptember2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> potentially inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_%26_Rubber_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company">Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company</a>'s pre-World War II development of their own, similar low-pressure "airwheel" as a complete wheel-rim and tire set — said to be of the "Musselman" type from <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US1877360">U.S. patent 1,877,360</a></span>, for its original inventor, Alvin J. Musselman — which was introduced to the American public in the late summer of 1929,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and becoming available in the United Kingdom by 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was initially offered by Goodyear in fully inflated diameters up to 46 inches (117 cm), with a thirty-inch (76 cm) diameter in Goodyear's lineup having similar dimensions as seen in the British <i>Flight</i> magazine announcement, to a currently available size of tundra tire.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nearly twenty years after the original Musselman design appeared on the market, Phipps designed and constructed his own balloon tires in the period after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> and fitted them to a <a href="/wiki/Piper_PA-18_Super_Cub" title="Piper PA-18 Super Cub">Piper PA-18 Super Cub</a>. Phipps then went on to provide air transportation to much of the Canadian high arctic region. He later established his own airline, Atlas Aviation, which operated a fleet of <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-6_Twin_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter">De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otters</a> on balloon tires. Using the tires, Atlas's DHC-6s established airline service to such remote communities as <a href="/wiki/Resolute,_Nunavut" title="Resolute, Nunavut">Resolute, Nunavut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grise_Fiord,_Nunavut" class="mw-redirect" title="Grise Fiord, Nunavut">Grise Fiord, Nunavut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlyingSeptember2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Airworthiness_issues">Airworthiness issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra_tire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Airworthiness issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and particularly in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, tundra tires of various designs were often installed under local field approvals by <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> inspectors. These approvals were usually granted on the basis of visual inspections and did not include flight testing. After a number of accidents with aircraft equipped with tundra tires, culminating with a large number in the fall of 1994, the <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a> identified that the tundra tires were connected with the accidents. Starting in April 1995 the FAA carried out flight test experiments to determine whether the tundra tires were a contributing factor.<sup id="cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlyingSeptember2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tests used a Piper PA-18-150 Super Cub equipped in sequence with five different sets of tires, including standard factory tires and tundra tires up to 35 in (89 cm) diameter. The PA-18 was operated at different weights and center-of-gravity positions.<sup id="cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlyingSeptember2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The testing on the ground revealed that the larger the tire, the more restricted the forward visibility on the ground, that there was a nose-down pitching moment when the tires contacted the ground on landing, particularly on a <a href="/wiki/Conventional_landing_gear#Techniques" title="Conventional landing gear">wheel landing</a>, and that tundra tire-equipped aircraft have substantially poorer ground handling characteristics on pavement. In the air, the use of tundra tires reduced top speed, rate of climb, angle of climb, range, useful load and stall warning buffet margins.<sup id="cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlyingSeptember2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tests did not indicate that tundra tires raise stall speed, but did find that, due to increased drag in turns, the aircraft's nose tends to drop excessively with an increase in bank angle. If the pilot counteracts this tendency with rudder and stalls the aircraft, the airplane will rapidly enter a <a href="/wiki/Spin_(aerodynamic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin (aerodynamic)">spin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlyingSeptember2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alaska bush pilots disputed the experimental findings, but, as a result of these experiments the FAA required that all installed tires be subject to a <a href="/wiki/Technical_Standard_Order" title="Technical Standard Order">Technical Standard Order</a> or <a href="/wiki/Parts_Manufacturer_Approval" title="Parts Manufacturer Approval">Parts Manufacturer Approval</a>, have been flight-tested and subject to a weight and balance report, determining an acceptable flight envelope. The FAA also limited tundra tires to 35 in (89 cm) in diameter,<sup id="cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlyingSeptember2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eleven inches (28 cm) short of the largest original Goodyear "airwheel" tire size available in 1930. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra_tire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the end of the 20th century tundra tires were mostly used by bush operators flying in remote areas. In the early part of the 21st century many sales of tundra tires have been to recreational pilots. Bill Duncan, president of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alaskan_Bushwheels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alaskan Bushwheels (page does not exist)">Alaskan Bushwheels</a> a tundra tire manufacturer explains:<sup id="cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlyingSeptember2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"It's the baby boomers. Here you have a group of people that lost their shirts in the stock market after 9/11 but still have disposable income and are tired of sitting in the office watching the clock. They’ve figured out that a light utility aircraft—a Super Cub, a Husky, a Maule or a Scout, to name the top four, will keep its value over time and may even appreciate in value. And they want to get outside and play."<sup id="cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlyingSeptember2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Charles McDowell, an <a href="/wiki/Aviat_Husky" title="Aviat Husky">Aviat Husky</a> pilot stated: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There's the coolness factor, plus it's nice to have a little more capability than you may need...We want a rugged plane because it makes us feel a little more independent from the infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlyingSeptember2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra_tire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FlyingSeptember2005-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FlyingSeptember2005_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRichfield2005" class="citation web cs1">Richfield, Paul (September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051211005309/https://www.flyingmag.com/article.asp?section_id=13&article_id=576">"Tundra Tire Nation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flyingmag.com/article.asp?section_id=13&article_id=576">the original</a> on 11 December 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tundra+Tire+Nation&rft.date=2005-09&rft.aulast=Richfield&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flyingmag.com%2Farticle.asp%3Fsection_id%3D13%26article_id%3D576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATundra+tire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alaskan_Bushwheels-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alaskan_Bushwheels_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140501235640/http://www.aviationinsurors.com/bushwheel.html">"Alaskan Bushwheels"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviationinsurors.com/bushwheel.html">the original</a> on 1 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alaskan+Bushwheels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aviationinsurors.com%2Fbushwheel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATundra+tire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crazed_Pilot_-_Alaskan_Bushwheels-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crazed_Pilot_-_Alaskan_Bushwheels_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502032014/http://www.crazedpilot.com/article/alaskan-bushwheel-airstreak-tires-a-review/">"Crazed Pilot - Alaskan Bushwheels"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crazedpilot.com/article/alaskan-bushwheel-airstreak-tires-a-review/">the original</a> on 2 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crazed+Pilot+-+Alaskan+Bushwheels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crazedpilot.com%2Farticle%2Falaskan-bushwheel-airstreak-tires-a-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATundra+tire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Backcountry_Pilot_Knowledge_Base-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Backcountry_Pilot_Knowledge_Base_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.backcountrypilot.org/knowledge-base/aircraft">"Backcountry Pilot Knowledge Base"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190227100615/https://backcountrypilot.org/knowledge-base/aircraft">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Backcountry+Pilot+Knowledge+Base&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.backcountrypilot.org%2Fknowledge-base%2Faircraft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATundra+tire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19290804&id=0m8bAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BEsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4179,1461823">"New Air Wheel Now on Market - Goodyear Device Does Away with Wheels"</a>. <i>The Pittsburgh Press</i>. Pittsburgh, PA USA: The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 4 August 1929<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.atitle=New+Air+Wheel+Now+on+Market+-+Goodyear+Device+Does+Away+with+Wheels&rft.date=1929-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1144%26dat%3D19290804%26id%3D0m8bAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DBEsEAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4179%2C1461823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATundra+tire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171231103711/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1930/untitled0%20-%200428.html">"Flight Magazine, April 4, 1930 — The Goodyear Air Wheel, pgs. 404-405"</a>. <i>flightglobal.com</i>. Flightglobal/Archive. 4 April 1930. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1930/untitled0%20-%200428.html">the original</a> on 31 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=flightglobal.com&rft.atitle=Flight+Magazine%2C+April+4%2C+1930+%E2%80%94+The+Goodyear+Air+Wheel%2C+pgs.+404-405&rft.date=1930-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpdfarchive%2Fview%2F1930%2Funtitled0%2520-%25200428.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATundra+tire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airframesalaska.com/29-Alaskan-Bushwheel-p/29136.r.htm">"Airframes Alaska - Alaskan Bushwheels - 29" Alaskan Bushwheel"</a>. <i>airframesalaska.com</i>. Airframes Alaska. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190131035748/http://www.airframesalaska.com/29-Alaskan-Bushwheel-p/29136.r.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=airframesalaska.com&rft.atitle=Airframes+Alaska+-+Alaskan+Bushwheels+-+29%22+Alaskan+Bushwheel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airframesalaska.com%2F29-Alaskan-Bushwheel-p%2F29136.r.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATundra+tire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra_tire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020031731/http://oldrhinebeck.org/ORA/great-lakes-2t-1ms">Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome's Great Lakes 2T-1MS biplane</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140424210828/http://oldrhinebeck.org/ORA/curtiss-wright-junior-cw-1/">Curtiss-Wright CW-1 Junior monoplane</a>, both fitted with original Musselman/Goodyear "air wheel" precursors to tundra tires.(Archived files from October 20, 2014)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tires" title="Template:Tires"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tires" title="Template talk:Tires"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tires" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tires"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tires" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">Tires</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_tires#Types" title="Outline of tires">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tubeless_tire" title="Tubeless tire">Tubeless tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_tire" title="Radial tire">Radial tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_rolling_resistance_tire" title="Low rolling resistance tire">Low rolling resistance tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-flat_tire" title="Run-flat tire">Run-flat tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelin_PAX_System" title="Michelin PAX System">Michelin PAX System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airless_tire" title="Airless tire">Airless tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweel" title="Tweel">Tweel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_tyre" title="Rain tyre">Rain tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_tire" title="Snow tire">Snow tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-terrain_tire" class="mw-redirect" title="All-terrain tire">All-terrain tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_grip" title="Bar grip">Bar grip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-road_tire" title="Off-road tire">Knobby tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-roading#Large_tires" title="Off-roading">Large tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud-terrain_tyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mud-terrain tyre">Mud-terrain tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddle_tire" title="Paddle tire">Paddle tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_oil_tires" title="Orange oil tires">Orange oil tires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewall_tire" title="Whitewall tire">Whitewall tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire#Aircraft" title="Tire">Aircraft tire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tundra tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_tire" title="Bicycle tire">Bicycle tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubular_tire" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubular tire">Tubular tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_tire" class="mw-redirect" title="Lego tire">Lego tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_tyre" title="Motorcycle tyre">Motorcycle tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_code#Tractor_tires" title="Tire code">Tractor tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_slick" title="Racing slick">Racing slick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_One_tyres" title="Formula One tyres">Formula One tyres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spare_tire" title="Spare tire">Spare tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_tire" title="Continental tire">Continental tire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_tires#Components" title="Outline of tires">Components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tire_bead" title="Tire bead">Bead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadlock" title="Beadlock">Beadlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_tread" title="Tire tread">Tread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping_(rubber)" title="Siping (rubber)">Siping (rubber)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_stem" title="Valve stem">Valve stem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunlop_valve" title="Dunlop valve">Dunlop valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presta_valve" title="Presta valve">Presta valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schrader_valve" title="Schrader valve">Schrader valve</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_tires#Attributes" title="Outline of tires">Attributes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camber_thrust" title="Camber thrust">Camber thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_of_forces" title="Circle of forces">Circle of forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_inflation_pressure" title="Cold inflation pressure">Cold inflation pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_patch" title="Contact patch">Contact patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornering_force" title="Cornering force">Cornering force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_pressure" title="Ground pressure">Ground pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacejka#The_Pacejka_.22Magic_Formula.22_tire_models" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacejka">Pacejka's Magic Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumatic_trail" title="Pneumatic trail">Pneumatic trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxation_length" title="Relaxation length">Relaxation length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_resistance" title="Rolling resistance">Rolling resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_aligning_torque" title="Self aligning torque">Self aligning torque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_angle" title="Slip angle">Slip angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steering_ratio#Alternate_definition" title="Steering ratio">Steering ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_balance" title="Tire balance">Tire balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_load_sensitivity" title="Tire load sensitivity">Tire load sensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_uniformity" title="Tire uniformity">Tire uniformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_Force_Variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral Force Variation">Lateral Force Variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_Force_Variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Radial Force Variation">Radial Force Variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traction_(engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traction (engineering)">Traction (engineering)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treadwear_rating" class="mw-redirect" title="Treadwear rating">Treadwear rating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_tires#Behaviors" title="Outline of tires">Behaviors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaplaning" title="Aquaplaning">Aquaplaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_wander" title="Groove wander">Groove wander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_(vehicle_dynamics)" title="Slip (vehicle dynamics)">Slip (vehicle dynamics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramlining" title="Tramlining">Tramlining</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_tires#Maintenance" title="Outline of tires">Maintenance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tire_maintenance" title="Tire maintenance">Tire maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_rotation" title="Tire rotation">Tire rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_pump" title="Bicycle pump">Bicycle pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tire_Inflation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Tire Inflation System">Central Tire Inflation System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_mousse" title="Tire mousse">Tire mousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system" title="Tire-pressure monitoring system">Tire-pressure monitoring system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire-pressure_gauge" title="Tire-pressure gauge">Tire-pressure gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_TPMS" title="Direct TPMS">Direct TPMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bead_breaker" title="Bead breaker">Bead breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_changer" title="Tire changer">Tire changer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_iron" title="Tire iron">Tire iron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_tires#Life_cycle" title="Outline of tires">Life cycle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tire_manufacturing" title="Tire manufacturing">Tire manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tire_companies" title="List of tire companies">List of tire companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retread" title="Retread">Retread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_tires" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste tires">Waste tires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_recycling" title="Tire recycling">Tire recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_fire" title="Tire fire">Tire fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blowout_(tire)" title="Blowout (tire)">Blowout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_tire" title="Flat tire">Flat tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_cracking" title="Ozone cracking">Ozone cracking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_tires#Organizations" title="Outline of tires">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Tyre_and_Rim_Technical_Organisation" title="European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation">European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_Society" title="Tire Society">Tire Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_Science_and_Technology" title="Tire Science and Technology">Tire Science and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_tires#Identification" title="Outline of tires">Identification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tire_code" title="Tire code">Tire code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plus_sizing" title="Plus sizing">Plus sizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_label" class="mw-redirect" title="Tire label">Tire label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTQG" class="mw-redirect" title="UTQG">Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_tires" title="Outline of tires">Outline of tires</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tires" title="Category:Tires">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aircraft_components_and_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aircraft_components" title="Template:Aircraft components"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aircraft_components" title="Template talk:Aircraft components"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aircraft_components" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aircraft components"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aircraft_components_and_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fixed-wing_aircraft" title="Fixed-wing aircraft">Aircraft</a> components and <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_systems" title="Aircraft systems">systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Airframe" title="Airframe">Airframe</a> structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aft_pressure_bulkhead" title="Aft pressure bulkhead">Aft pressure bulkhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabane_strut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabane strut">Cabane strut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_canopy" title="Aircraft canopy">Canopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crack_arrestor" title="Crack arrestor">Crack arrestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruciform_tail" title="Cruciform tail">Cruciform tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_dope" title="Aircraft dope">Dope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empennage" title="Empennage">Empennage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_fabric_covering" title="Aircraft fabric covering">Fabric covering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_fairing" title="Aircraft fairing">Fairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_wires" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying wires">Flying wires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former" title="Former">Former</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuselage" title="Fuselage">Fuselage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardpoint" title="Hardpoint">Hardpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplane_strut" class="mw-redirect" title="Interplane strut">Interplane strut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jury_strut" class="mw-redirect" title="Jury strut">Jury strut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading_edge" title="Leading edge">Leading edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lift_strut" class="mw-redirect" title="Lift strut">Lift strut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longeron" title="Longeron">Longeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacelle" title="Nacelle">Nacelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rib_(aeronautics)" title="Rib (aeronautics)">Rib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spar_(aeronautics)" title="Spar (aeronautics)">Spar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilizer_(aeronautics)" title="Stabilizer (aeronautics)">Stabilizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stressed_skin" title="Stressed skin">Stressed skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strut" title="Strut">Strut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-tail" title="T-tail">T-tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailplane" title="Tailplane">Tailplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailing_edge" title="Trailing edge">Trailing edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_tail#Variations" title="Twin tail">Triple tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_tail" title="Twin tail">Twin tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-tail" title="V-tail">V-tail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_stabilizer" title="Vertical stabilizer">Vertical stabilizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_root" title="Wing root">Wing root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_tip" title="Wing tip">Wing tip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingbox" title="Wingbox">Wingbox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_flight_control_system" title="Aircraft flight control system">Flight controls</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aileron" title="Aileron">Aileron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_brake_(aeronautics)" title="Air brake (aeronautics)">Airbrake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_flight_control_system#Artificial_feel_devices" title="Aircraft flight control system">Artificial feel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autopilot" title="Autopilot">Autopilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canard_(aeronautics)" title="Canard (aeronautics)">Canard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_stick" title="Centre stick">Centre stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deceleron" title="Deceleron">Deceleron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_brake" title="Dive brake">Dive brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_control_(aviation)" title="Dual control (aviation)">Dual control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro-hydraulic_actuator" title="Electro-hydraulic actuator">Electro-hydraulic actuator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator_(aeronautics)" title="Elevator (aeronautics)">Elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevon" title="Elevon">Elevon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaperon" title="Flaperon">Flaperon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_control_modes" title="Flight control modes">Flight control modes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly-by-wire" title="Fly-by-wire">Fly-by-wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gust_lock" title="Gust lock">Gust lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOTAS" title="HOTAS">HOTAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudder#Aircraft_rudders" title="Rudder">Rudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudder_pedal" title="Rudder pedal">Rudder pedals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servo_tab" title="Servo tab">Servo tab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side-stick" title="Side-stick">Side-stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoiler_(aeronautics)" title="Spoiler (aeronautics)">Spoiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoileron" title="Spoileron">Spoileron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilator" title="Stabilator">Stabilator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stick_pusher" title="Stick pusher">Stick pusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stick_shaker" title="Stick shaker">Stick shaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trim_tab" title="Trim tab">Trim tab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_warping" title="Wing warping">Wing warping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaw_damper" title="Yaw damper">Yaw damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoke_(aeronautics)" title="Yoke (aeronautics)">Yoke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aerodynamics" title="Aerodynamics">Aerodynamic</a> and <a href="/wiki/High-lift_device" title="High-lift device">high-lift</a><br />devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-53_Active_Aeroelastic_Wing" title="Boeing X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing">Active Aeroelastic Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_compliant_wing" title="Adaptive compliant wing">Adaptive compliant wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-shock_body" title="Anti-shock body">Anti-shock body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blown_flap" title="Blown flap">Blown flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_wing" title="Channel wing">Channel wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_extension#Dogtooth_extension" title="Leading-edge extension">Dog-tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag-reducing_aerospike" title="Drag-reducing aerospike">Drag-reducing aerospike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flap_(aeronautics)" title="Flap (aeronautics)">Flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouge_flap" title="Gouge flap">Gouge flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurney_flap" title="Gurney flap">Gurney flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krueger_flap" title="Krueger flap">Krueger flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_cuff" title="Leading-edge cuff">Leading-edge cuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_droop_flap" title="Leading-edge droop flap">Leading-edge droop flap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_extension" title="Leading-edge extension">LEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_slat" title="Leading-edge slat">Slats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading-edge_slot" title="Leading-edge slot">Slot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stall_strips" title="Stall strips">Stall strips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strake_(aeronautics)" title="Strake (aeronautics)">Strake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-sweep_wing" title="Variable-sweep wing">Variable-sweep wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortex_generator" title="Vortex generator">Vortex generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortilon" title="Vortilon">Vortilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_fence" title="Wing fence">Wing fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingtip_device" title="Wingtip device">Winglet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avionics" title="Avionics">Avionic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flight_instruments" title="Flight instruments">flight<br />instrument</a> systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airborne_collision_avoidance_system" title="Airborne collision avoidance system">ACAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_data_boom" title="Air data boom">Air data boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_data_computer" title="Air data computer">Air data computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_periscope" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft periscope">Aircraft periscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_indicator" title="Airspeed indicator">Airspeed indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altimeter" title="Altimeter">Altimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciator_panel" title="Annunciator panel">Annunciator panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrodome_(aeronautics)" title="Astrodome (aeronautics)">Astrodome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attitude_indicator" title="Attitude indicator">Attitude indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Course_deviation_indicator" title="Course deviation indicator">Course deviation indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_flight_instrument_system" title="Electronic flight instrument system">EFIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engine-indicating_and_crew-alerting_system" title="Engine-indicating and crew-alerting system">EICAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_management_system" title="Flight management system">Flight management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_cockpit" title="Glass cockpit">Glass cockpit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">Head-up display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heading_indicator" title="Heading indicator">Heading indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_situation_indicator" title="Horizontal situation indicator">Horizontal situation indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertial_navigation_system" title="Inertial navigation system">INS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_standby_instrument_system" title="Integrated standby instrument system">ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-function_display" title="Multi-function display">Multi-function display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitot%E2%80%93static_system" title="Pitot–static system">Pitot–static system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar_altimeter" title="Radar altimeter">Radar altimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_collision_avoidance_system" title="Traffic collision avoidance system">TCAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transponder_(aeronautics)" title="Transponder (aeronautics)">Transponder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_and_slip_indicator" title="Turn and slip indicator">Turn and slip indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variometer" title="Variometer">Variometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaw_string" title="Yaw string">Yaw string</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_engine" title="Aircraft engine">Propulsion</a> controls,<br /> devices and <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_fuel_system" title="Aircraft fuel system">fuel systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autothrottle" title="Autothrottle">Autothrottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_tank" title="Drop tank">Drop tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FADEC" title="FADEC">FADEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_tank#Aircraft" title="Fuel tank">Fuel tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gascolator" title="Gascolator">Gascolator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inlet_cone" title="Inlet cone">Inlet cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intake_ramp" title="Intake ramp">Intake ramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NACA_cowling" title="NACA cowling">NACA cowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NACA_duct" title="NACA duct">NACA duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-sealing_fuel_tank" title="Self-sealing fuel tank">Self-sealing fuel tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splitter_plate_(aeronautics)" title="Splitter plate (aeronautics)">Splitter plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throttle" title="Throttle">Throttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrust_lever" title="Thrust lever">Thrust lever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrust_reversal" title="Thrust reversal">Thrust reversal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townend_ring" title="Townend ring">Townend ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_emergency_power" title="War emergency power">War emergency power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_wing" title="Wet wing">Wet wing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">Landing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arresting_gear" title="Arresting gear">arresting gear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_tire" title="Aircraft tire">Aircraft tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailhook" title="Tailhook">Arrestor hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobrake" title="Autobrake">Autobrake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_landing_gear" title="Conventional landing gear">Conventional landing gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drogue_parachute" title="Drogue parachute">Drogue parachute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">Landing gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_gear_extender" title="Landing gear extender">Landing gear extender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleo_strut" title="Oleo strut">Oleo strut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricycle_landing_gear" title="Tricycle landing gear">Tricycle landing gear</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tundra tire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Escape systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ejection_seat" title="Ejection seat">Ejection seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_crew_capsule" title="Escape crew capsule">Escape crew capsule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_lavatory" title="Aircraft lavatory">Aircraft lavatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_power_unit" title="Auxiliary power unit">Auxiliary power unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleed_air" title="Bleed air">Bleed air system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deicing_boot" title="Deicing boot">Deicing boot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_oxygen_system" title="Emergency oxygen system">Emergency oxygen system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_control_system" title="Environmental control system">Environmental control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_recorder" title="Flight recorder">Flight recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fluid#Aircraft_hydraulic_systems" title="Hydraulic fluid">Hydraulic system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_protection_system" title="Ice protection system">Ice protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-flight_entertainment" title="In-flight entertainment">In-flight entertainment system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_lights" title="Landing lights">Landing lights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navigation_light" title="Navigation light">Navigation light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_service_unit" title="Passenger service unit">Passenger service unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_air_turbine" title="Ram air turbine">Ram air turbine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tundra_tire&oldid=1102326847">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tundra_tire&oldid=1102326847</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tires" title="Category:Tires">Tires</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aircraft_undercarriage" 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