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id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_to_transgender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_to_transgender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Relationship to <i>transgender</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_to_transgender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminological_variance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminological_variance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Terminological variance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminological_variance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_orientation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_orientation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Sexual orientation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_orientation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surgical_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surgical_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Surgical status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surgical_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_understanding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_understanding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historical understanding</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_understanding-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical understanding subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_understanding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-20th_century_medical_understanding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_medical_understanding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>20th century medical understanding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_medical_understanding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Medical diagnosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Causes,_studies,_and_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Causes,_studies,_and_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Causes, studies, and theories</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Causes,_studies,_and_theories-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Causes, studies, and theories subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Causes,_studies,_and_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Causes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Causes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Causes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Causes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Focus_on_trans_women_over_trans_men" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Focus_on_trans_women_over_trans_men"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Focus on trans women over trans men</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Focus_on_trans_women_over_trans_men-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_assistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_assistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Medical assistance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medical_assistance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medical assistance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medical_assistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hormone_replacement_therapy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hormone_replacement_therapy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Hormone replacement therapy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hormone_replacement_therapy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sex_reassignment_therapy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sex_reassignment_therapy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sex reassignment therapy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sex_reassignment_therapy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gender_roles_and_transitioning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender_roles_and_transitioning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Gender roles and transitioning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender_roles_and_transitioning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychological_treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychological_treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Psychological treatment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychological_treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regrets_and_detransitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regrets_and_detransitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Regrets and detransitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regrets_and_detransitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prevalence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prevalence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Prevalence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prevalence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal_and_social_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_and_social_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Legal and social aspects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_and_social_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Employment_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Employment issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Stealth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>In the media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_pageantry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_pageantry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>In pageantry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_pageantry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transseksual" title="Transseksual – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Transseksual" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transsexuell" title="Transsexuell – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Transsexuell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transseksuaal" title="Transseksuaal – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Transseksuaal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transexual" title="Transexual – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Transexual" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transseksulo" title="Transseksulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Transseksulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transsexuel" title="Transsexuel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Transsexuel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transseksual" title="Transseksual – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Transseksual" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transessuali" title="Transessuali – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Transessuali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C" title="טרנסקסואל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טרנסקסואל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB" title="トランス・セクシャル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トランス・セクシャル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transseksuell" title="Transseksuell – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Transseksuell" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transexual" title="Transexual – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Transexual" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transsexual" title="Transsexual – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Transsexual" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transsexual" title="Transsexual – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Transsexual" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Транссексуал – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Транссексуал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transseksuel" title="Transseksuel – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Transseksuel" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5" title="變性別 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="變性別" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q105222132#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Transgender_sexuality" title="Transgender sexuality">transgender sexuality</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TransgenreatParis2005.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/TransgenreatParis2005.JPG/220px-TransgenreatParis2005.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/TransgenreatParis2005.JPG/330px-TransgenreatParis2005.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/TransgenreatParis2005.JPG/440px-TransgenreatParis2005.JPG 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="1185" /></a><figcaption>Transsexual woman July Schultz displaying her palm with the letters "<a href="/wiki/XY_sex-determination_system" title="XY sex-determination system">XY</a>" written on it at an outdoor demonstration.<sup id="cite_ref-1" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_transgender_topics" title="Outline of transgender topics">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender topics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span style="background:#5BCEFA; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span style="background:#F5A9B8; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span style="background:white; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span style="background:#F5A9B8; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span><span style="background:#5BCEFA; border:0px solid #000; vertical-align:center; padding-right:3em; padding-top:0ex; padding-bottom:0ex; line-height:100%"> </span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_transgender_topics" title="Outline of transgender topics">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history" title="Transgender history">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_transgender_history" title="Timeline of transgender history">Timeline</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top: 0.35em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny#Gender_identity" title="Androgyny">Androgyne</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_Bugis_society" title="Gender in Bugis society">Bissu, Calabai, Calalai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Burrnesha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_bender" title="Gender bender">Gender bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary or genderqueer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_fluidity" title="Gender fluidity">Gender fluidity</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kathoey" title="Kathoey">Kathoey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koekchuch" title="Koekchuch">Koekchuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third gender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakla" title="Bakla">Bakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBafafine" title="Faʻafafine">Faʻafafine</a></li> <li><span title="Neapolitan-language text"><i lang="nap"><a href="/wiki/Femminiello" title="Femminiello">Femminiello</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanith" title="Khanith">Khanith</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81h%C5%AB" title="Māhū">Māhū</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudoko_dako" title="Mudoko dako">Mudoko dako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhannath" title="Mukhannath">Mukhannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muxe" title="Muxe">Muxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">Travesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winkte" title="Winkte">Winkte</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-gender" title="X-gender">X-gender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_man" title="Trans man">Trans man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">Trans woman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fakaleit%C4%AB" title="Fakaleitī">Fakaleitī</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mak_nyah" title="Mak nyah">Mak nyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rae-rae" title="Rae-rae">Rae-rae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_youth" title="Transgender youth">Youth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akava%27ine" title="Akava'ine">Akava'ine</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Transsexual</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_health_care" title="Transgender health care">Health care</a> practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity_clinic" title="Gender identity clinic">Gender clinic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender_dysphoria" title="Gender dysphoria">Gender dysphoria</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender_dysphoria_in_children" title="Gender dysphoria in children">in children</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_gender_incongruence" title="Causes of gender incongruence">Causes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Sex assignment</a></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_hormone_therapy" title="Gender-affirming hormone therapy">Hormone therapy</a></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminizing_hormone_therapy" title="Feminizing hormone therapy">feminizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculinizing_hormone_therapy" title="Masculinizing hormone therapy">masculinizing</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Puberty_blocker" title="Puberty blocker">Puberty-suppressing hormone therapy</a></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">Gender-affirming surgery</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery_(female-to-male)" title="Gender-affirming surgery (female-to-male)">female-to-male</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery_(male-to-female)" title="Gender-affirming surgery (male-to-female)">male-to-female</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Facial_feminization_surgery" title="Facial feminization surgery">Facial feminization surgery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Facial_masculinization_surgery" title="Facial masculinization surgery">Facial masculinization surgery</a></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hair_removal" title="Hair removal">Hair removal</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_pregnancy" title="Transgender pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_assisted_reproductive_technology_by_LGBT_people" title="Use of assisted reproductive technology by LGBT people">Assisted reproductive technology</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_voice_therapy" title="Transgender voice therapy">Voice therapy</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Professional_Association_for_Transgender_Health" title="World Professional Association for Transgender Health">WPATH</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standards_of_Care_for_the_Health_of_Transgender_and_Gender_Diverse_People" title="Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People">Standards of Care</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Rights and <a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">legal status</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_self-identification" title="Gender self-identification">Gender self-identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_gender" title="Legal gender">Legal gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender" title="Legal recognition of non-binary gender">Non-binary gender</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_movement" title="Transgender rights movement">Rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender-rights_organizations" title="List of transgender-rights organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_political_office-holders" title="List of transgender political office-holders">Political office-holders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_public_officeholders_in_the_United_States" title="List of transgender public officeholders in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_asylum_seekers" title="Transgender asylum seekers">Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_gender-affirming_healthcare" title="Legal status of gender-affirming healthcare">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_military_service" title="Transgender people and military service">Military service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military" title="Transgender personnel in the South Korean military">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_United_States_military" title="Transgender personnel in the United States military">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_in_prison#Transgender_issues" title="LGBTQ people in prison">Prisons</a></li> <li>Toilets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom_bill" title="Bathroom bill">Bathroom bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_public_toilet" title="Unisex public toilet">Unisex</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Gender-critical</span> or <span class="nowrap">trans-exclusionary</span> <span class="nowrap">radical feminism</span></span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_rights_movement" title="Parental rights movement">Parental rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Transgender men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_genocide" title="Transgender genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_inequality" title="Transgender inequality">Inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">Murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_panic_defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans panic defense">Trans panic defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Society and culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Events and awareness</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Awareness_Week" title="Transgender Awareness Week">Awareness Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transgender_beauty_pageants" title="Category:Transgender beauty pageants">Beauty pageants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Transgender Day of Remembrance">Day of Remembrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Transgender_Day_of_Visibility" title="International Transgender Day of Visibility">Day of Visibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_flag" title="Transgender flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_march" title="Trans march">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transgender_events" title="Category:Transgender events">more</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Culture</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_transgender_anatomy" title="Terminology of transgender anatomy">Anatomical terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_trans_characters" title="List of fictional trans characters">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feature_films_with_transgender_characters" title="List of feature films with transgender characters">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_literature" title="Transgender literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayals_of_transgender_people" title="Media portrayals of transgender people">Media portrayals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_people" title="List of transgender people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-binary_people" title="List of non-binary people">non-binary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_publications" title="List of transgender publications">Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_religion" title="Transgender people and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_sports" title="Transgender people in sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_characters_in_television" title="List of transgender characters in television">Television</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">Theory and concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Androphilia_and_gynephilia" title="Androphilia and gynephilia">Androphilia and gynephilia</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanchard%27s_transsexualism_typology" title="Blanchard's transsexualism typology">Blanchard's typology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_gender_nonconformity" title="Childhood gender nonconformity">Childhood gender nonconformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender / cissexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Detransition" title="Detransition">Gender detransitioning</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_expression" title="Gender expression">Gender expression</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender_transition" title="Gender transition">Gender transitioning</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_nonconformity" title="Gender nonconformity">Gender nonconformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questioning_(sexuality_and_gender)" title="Questioning (sexuality and gender)">Gender-sexuality questioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid-onset_gender_dysphoria_controversy" title="Rapid-onset gender dysphoria controversy">Rapid-onset dysphoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_studies" title="Transgender studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Transfeminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_transgender_topics" title="Feminist views on transgender topics">views</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmedicalism" title="Transmedicalism">Transmedicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Transgender_by_continent" title="Category:Transgender by continent">By country</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Rights</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Argentina" title="Transgender rights in Argentina">Argentina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Identity_Law_(Argentina)" title="Gender Identity Law (Argentina)">2012 law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Sacay%C3%A1n%E2%80%93Lohana_Berkins_Law" title="Diana Sacayán–Lohana Berkins Law">2021 law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Australia" title="Transgender rights in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Brazil" title="Transgender rights in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Canada" title="Transgender rights in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_to_amend_the_Canadian_Human_Rights_Act_and_the_Criminal_Code" title="An Act to amend the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Criminal Code">2016 bill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_China" title="Transgender people in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Finland" title="Transgender history in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_people_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transgender people in France (page does not exist)">France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transidentit%C3%A9_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Transidentité en France">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Germany" title="Transgender rights in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transsexuals_Act_(Germany)" title="Transsexuals Act (Germany)">1980 law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_gender_law_(Germany)" title="Third gender law (Germany)">2018 law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Determination_Act_(Germany)" title="Self-Determination Act (Germany)">2024 law</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Transgender_Persons_Bill,_2014" title="Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014">2014 bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Persons_(Protection_of_Rights)_Act,_2019" title="Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019">2019 act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="LGBT rights in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Iran" title="Transgender rights in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Ireland" title="Transgender rights in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Persons_(Protection_of_Rights)_Bill,_2017" title="Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2017">2017 bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Persons_(Protection_of_Rights)_Act,_2018" title="Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018">2018 act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Transgender rights in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li>Norway <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Act_(Norway)" title="Gender Recognition Act (Norway)">2016 act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_Singapore" title="Transgender people in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li>South Africa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alteration_of_Sex_Description_and_Sex_Status_Act,_2003" title="Alteration of Sex Description and Sex Status Act, 2003">2003 act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_South_Korea" title="Transgender people in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ley_Trans" title="Ley Trans">2022 law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transgender rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Act_2004" title="Gender Recognition Act 2004">2004 act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Reform_(Scotland)_Bill" title="Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill">2022 bill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender rights in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_disenfranchisement_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender disenfranchisement in the United States">Disenfranchisement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity_under_Title_IX" title="Gender identity under Title IX">Title IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia_in_the_United_States" title="Transphobia in the United States">Transphobia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history" title="Transgender history">History</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Argentina">Argentina</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_transg%C3%A9nero_en_Argentina" class="extiw" title="es:Historia transgénero en Argentina">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Re_Kevin_%E2%80%93_validity_of_marriage_of_transsexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Re Kevin – validity of marriage of transsexual">Re Kevin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Brazil" title="Transgender history in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Finland" title="Transgender history in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Transgender people in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transgender history in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender history in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_legal_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender legal history in the United States">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_public_officeholders_in_the_United_States" title="List of transgender public officeholders in the United States">elected officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton%27s_Cafeteria_riot" title="Compton's Cafeteria riot">Cafeteria riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: lavender; padding-left: 3px;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.7em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex%E2%80%93gender_distinction" title="Sex–gender distinction">Sex–gender distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.3em 0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal_Transgender.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/16px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/24px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/32px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="117" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transgender" title="Portal:Transgender">Transgender portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/16px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/24px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/32px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></li></ul></div> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Transgender_topics" title="Category:Transgender topics">Category</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transgender_sidebar" title="Template:Transgender sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transgender_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Transgender sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transgender_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transgender sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>transsexual</b> person is someone who experiences a <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a> that is inconsistent with their <a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">assigned sex</a>, and desires to permanently <a href="/wiki/Transitioning_(transgender)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transitioning (transgender)">transition</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a> with which they identify, usually seeking medical assistance (including <a href="/wiki/Transgender_health_care#Gender-affirming_care" title="Transgender health care">gender affirming therapies</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Transgender_hormone_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender hormone therapy">hormone replacement therapy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">gender affirming surgery</a>) to help them align their body with their identified sex or gender. </p><p>The term <i>transsexual</i> is a subset of <i><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bevan_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bevan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alegria_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alegria-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but some transsexual people reject the label of <i>transgender</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stryker_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stryker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Valentine_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valentine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 8, 34, 120–121">: 8, 34, 120–121 </span></sup> A medical diagnosis of <a href="/wiki/Gender_dysphoria" title="Gender dysphoria">gender dysphoria</a> can be made if a person experiences marked and persistent incongruence between their gender identity and their assigned sex.<sup id="cite_ref-:2b_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Understanding of transsexual people has changed very quickly in the 21st century. Many 20th century medical beliefs and practices around transsexual people are now considered deeply outdated. Transsexual people were once classified as mentally ill and subject to extensive gatekeeping by the medical establishment, and remain so in much of the developing world.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-WPATH_web_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPATH_web-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style></p><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transgender#Terminology" title="Transgender">Transgender § Terminology</a></div><p>Transsexual has had different meanings throughout time. In modern usage, it refers to "a person who desires to or who has modified their body to transition from one gender or sex to another through the use of medical technologies such as hormones or surgeries." Within the transgender community, the term is a subject of debate, and it is sometimes considered an antiquated or pejorative term. The more widely preferred terms are <i><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a></i> or the abbreviated form <i>trans.</i> However, due to its historical usage, continued usage in the medical community, and continued self-identification with the term by some people, transsexual remains in the modern vernacular.<sup id="cite_ref-:3ency_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3ency-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 742–744">: 742–744 </span></sup> </p><p>In understanding the subject, it is noted that there is a difference between <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a>. Gender is defined as a "set of social, cultural, and linguistic norms that can be attributed to someone's identity, expression, or role as masculine, feminine, androgynous, or nonbinary." Sex is defined as being "assigned at birth by medical professionals based on the appearance of genitalia, and related assumptions about chromosomal makeup, gender identity, expressions, and roles [that] emerge over the life span, sometimes changing over time."<sup id="cite_ref-:3ency_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3ency-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 277–278">: 277–278 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Norman_Haire" title="Norman Haire">Norman Haire</a> reported that in 1921 <a href="/wiki/Dora_Richter" title="Dora Richter">Dora Richter</a> of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> began a surgical transition, under the care of <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Magnus Hirschfeld</a>, which ended in 1930 with a successful <a href="/wiki/Genital_reassignment_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Genital reassignment surgery">genital reassignment surgery</a> (GRS).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1930, Hirschfeld supervised the second genital reassignment surgery to be reported in detail in a peer-reviewed journal, that of <a href="/wiki/Lili_Elbe" title="Lili Elbe">Lili Elbe</a> of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. In 1923, Hirschfeld introduced the (German) term "Transsexualismus",<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after which <a href="/wiki/David_Oliver_Cauldwell" title="David Oliver Cauldwell">David Oliver Cauldwell</a> introduced "transsexualism" and "transsexual" to English in 1949 and 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cauldwell appears to be the first to use the term to refer to those who desired a change of physiological sex.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyerowitz_2002_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyerowitz_2002-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Benjamin" title="Harry Benjamin">Harry Benjamin</a> claimed to have been the first to use the term "transsexual" in a public lecture, which he gave in December 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benjamin went on to popularize the term in his 1966 book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Transsexual_Phenomenon" title="The Transsexual Phenomenon">The Transsexual Phenomenon</a></i>, in which he described transsexual people on a scale (later called the "<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_scale" title="Benjamin scale">Benjamin scale</a>") of three levels of intensity: "Transsexual (nonsurgical)", "Transsexual (moderate intensity)", and "Transsexual (high intensity)".<sup id="cite_ref-benjaminscale_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benjaminscale-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ts-Si_Gaughan_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ts-Si_Gaughan-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_to_transgender">Relationship to <i>transgender</i></h3></div> <p>The term <i>transgender</i> was coined by John Oliven in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-Bevan_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bevan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1990s, <i>transsexual</i> had come to be considered a subset of the <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbrella term">umbrella term</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-TR2006_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR2006-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bevan_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bevan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alegria_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alegria-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>transgender</i> is now more common, and many transgender people prefer the designation <i>transgender</i> and reject <i>transsexual</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Polly_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polly-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Swanson_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swanson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GLAAD_Media_Reference_Guide_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GLAAD_Media_Reference_Guide-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some people who pursue medical assistance (for example, <a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">gender affirming surgery</a>) to change their sexual characteristics to match their gender identity prefer the designation <i>transsexual</i> and reject <i>transgender</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Polly_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polly-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Swanson_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swanson-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GLAAD_Media_Reference_Guide_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GLAAD_Media_Reference_Guide-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One perspective offered by transsexual people who reject a transgender label for that of <i>transsexed</i> is that, for people who have gone through sexual reassignment surgery, their anatomical sex has been altered, whilst their gender remains constant.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, one reason some people preferred <i>transsexual</i> to <i>transgender</i> is that the medical community in the 1950s through the 1980s encouraged a distinction between the terms that would only allow the former access to medical treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-denny_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denny-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other self-identified transsexual people state that those who do not seek gender affirming surgery are fundamentally different from those who do, and that the two have different concerns,<sup id="cite_ref-Ts-Si_Gaughan_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ts-Si_Gaughan-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this view is controversial. Others argue that medical procedures do not have such far-reaching consequences as to put those who have had them and those who have not (e.g. because they cannot afford them) into such distinctive categories.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some have objected to the term <i>transsexual</i> on the basis that it describes a condition related to <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuality">sexuality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fenway_Health_Glossary_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fenway_Health_Glossary-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (November 2020)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Jorgensen" title="Christine Jorgensen">Christine Jorgensen</a>, the first person widely known in the United States for having had gender affirming surgery (in this case, <a href="/wiki/Sex_reassignment_surgery_(male-to-female)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex reassignment surgery (male-to-female)">male-to-female</a>), rejected <i>transsexual</i> and instead identified herself in newsprint as <i>trans-gender</i>, on this basis.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A common argument in opposition to the term transsexual is that it over-medicalizes the trans experience, and/or focuses too much on diagnosis.<sup id="cite_ref-:3ency_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3ency-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 742–744">: 742–744 </span></sup> The term transgender emerged in part in an attempt to break the "medical monopoly" on transitioning that transsexual implied.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/GLAAD" title="GLAAD">GLAAD</a>'s media reference guide offers the following distinction on the use of <i>transsexual</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>An older term that originated in the medical and psychological communities. As the gay and lesbian community rejected homosexual and replaced it with gay and lesbian, the transgender community rejected transsexual and replaced it with transgender. Some people within the trans community may still call themselves transsexual. Do not use transsexual to describe a person unless it is a word they use to describe themself. If the subject of your news article uses the word transsexual to describe themself, use it as an adjective: transsexual woman or transsexual man.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terminological_variance">Terminological variance</h3></div> <p>The word <i>transsexual</i> is most often used as an adjective rather than a noun – a "transsexual person" rather than simply "a transsexual".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As of 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transsexual&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, use of the noun form (e.g. referring to people as <i>transsexuals</i>) was often deprecated by those in the transsexual community.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other trans people, transsexual people prefer to be referred to by the gender pronouns and terms associated with their gender identity. For example, a trans man is a person who was assigned the female sex at birth on the basis of his <a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">genitals</a>, but despite that assignment, identifies as a man and is transitioning or has transitioned to a male gender role; in the case of a <i>transsexual</i> man, he furthermore has or will have a masculine body. Transsexual people are sometimes referred to with directional terms, such as "female-to-male" for a transsexual man, abbreviated to "F2M", "FTM", and "F to M", or "male-to-female" for a transsexual woman, abbreviated "M2F", "MTF" and "M to F". </p><p>Individuals who have undergone and completed gender affirming surgery are sometimes referred to as <i>transsexed</i> individuals;<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, the term <i>transsexed</i> is not to be confused with the term <i>transsexual</i>, which can also refer to individuals who have not undergone SRS, and whose anatomical sex (still) does not match their psychological sense of personal gender identity. </p><p>A rarer, alternate spelling for <i>transsexual</i> has been <i>transexual</i>, with a single S. This variation is British in origin. This spelling was used by <a href="/wiki/The_Transexual_Menace" title="The Transexual Menace">The Transexual Menace</a>, an activist group, for example.<sup id="cite_ref-:3ency_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3ency-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 738">: 738 </span></sup> This spelling has been used by some activists in an attempt to remove "pathologizing implications" from their use of the word.<sup id="cite_ref-Valentine_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valentine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 25">: 25 </span></sup> Another rare variation, a synonym for <i>transsexual</i>, is <i><i lang="en"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transsex#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:transsex">transsex</a></i></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The terms <i>gender dysphoria</i> and <i>gender identity disorder</i> were not used until the 1970s,<sup id="cite_ref-Pauly_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pauly-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when Laub and Fisk published several works on transsexualism using these terms.<sup id="cite_ref-Laub_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laub-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fisk_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisk-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Transsexualism" was replaced in the <a href="/wiki/DSM-IV" class="mw-redirect" title="DSM-IV">DSM-IV</a> by "gender identity disorder in adolescents and adults". </p><p>Male-to-female transsexualism has sometimes been called "Harry Benjamin's syndrome" after the endocrinologist who pioneered the study of dysphoria.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the present-day medical study of gender variance is much broader than Benjamin's early description, there is greater understanding of its aspects,<sup id="cite_ref-ekins2006_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekins2006-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and use of the term <i>Harry Benjamin's syndrome</i> has been criticized for delegitimizing gender-variant people with different experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_orientation">Sexual orientation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Androphilia_and_gynephilia" title="Androphilia and gynephilia">Androphilia and gynephilia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transgender#Sexual_orientation_of_transgender_people" title="Transgender">Transgender § Sexual orientation of transgender people</a></div> <p>Since the middle of the 20th century, <i>homosexual transsexual</i> and related terms were used to label individuals' sexual orientation based on their birth sex.<sup id="cite_ref-classnongendysphoria_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-classnongendysphoria-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many sources criticize this choice of wording as confusing, "<a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">heterosexist</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-bagemihl_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagemihl-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "archaic",<sup id="cite_ref-wahng_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wahng-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This appears to be two citations bundled together. It is unclear what it is referring to. (June 2022)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> and demeaning because it labels people by sex assigned at birth instead of their <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-leiblum2000_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leiblum2000-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Sexologist <a href="/wiki/John_Bancroft_(sexologist)" title="John Bancroft (sexologist)">John Bancroft</a> also recently expressed regret for having used this terminology, which was standard when he used it, to refer to transsexual women.<sup id="cite_ref-Bancroftcomment_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bancroftcomment-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He says that he now tries to choose his words more sensitively.<sup id="cite_ref-Bancroftcomment_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bancroftcomment-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sexologist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_Moser" title="Charles Allen Moser">Charles Allen Moser</a> is likewise critical of the terminology.<sup id="cite_ref-moser2010_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moser2010-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sociomedical scientist Rebecca Jordan-Young challenges researchers like <a href="/wiki/Simon_LeVay" title="Simon LeVay">Simon LeVay</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bailey" title="J. Michael Bailey">J. Michael Bailey</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Lalumiere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Lalumiere (page does not exist)">Martin Lalumiere</a>, who she says "have completely failed to appreciate the implications of alternative ways of framing sexual orientation."<sup id="cite_ref-jordan-young_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jordan-young-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The terms <i>androphilia</i> and <i>gynephilia</i> to describe a person's sexual orientation without reference to their gender identity were proposed and popularized by psychologist <a href="/wiki/Ron_Langevin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron Langevin">Ron Langevin</a> in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-langevin1983_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langevin1983-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The similar specifiers <i>attracted to men</i>, <i>attracted to women</i>, <i>attracted to both</i> or <i>attracted to neither</i> were used in the <a href="/wiki/DSM-IV" class="mw-redirect" title="DSM-IV">DSM-IV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dsmivtwo_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dsmivtwo-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many transsexual people choose the language of how they refer to their sexual orientation based on their gender identity, not their birth <a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">assigned sex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ekins2006_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekins2006-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surgical_status">Surgical status <span class="anchor" id="Pre-op"></span><span class="anchor" id="Pre-op_transsexual"></span><span class="anchor" id="Post-op"></span><span class="anchor" id="Post-op_transsexual"></span><span class="anchor" id="Non-op"></span><span class="anchor" id="Non-op_transsexual"></span></h3></div> <p>Several terms are in common use, especially within the community itself relating to the surgical or operative status of someone who is transsexual, depending on whether they have already had gender affirming surgery, have not had but still intend to, or do not intend to have surgery.<sup id="cite_ref-Girshick-2009_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Girshick-2009-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pre-operative or <b>pre-op</b> transsexual person is someone who intends to have SRS at some point, but has not yet had it.<sup id="cite_ref-Girshick-2009_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Girshick-2009-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Partridge-2006_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partridge-2006-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A post-operative or <b>post-op</b> transsexual person is someone who has had SRS.<sup id="cite_ref-Girshick-2009_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Girshick-2009-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A non-operative transsexual person, or <b>non-op</b>, is someone who has not had SRS, and does not intend to have it in the future. There can be various reasons for this, from personal to financial.<sup id="cite_ref-Girshick-2009_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Girshick-2009-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having SRS is not a requirement of being transsexual. Evolutionary biologist and trans woman <a href="/wiki/Julia_Serano" title="Julia Serano">Julia Serano</a> criticizes the societal preoccupation with SRS as <a href="/wiki/Phallocentrism" title="Phallocentrism">phallocentric</a>, objectifying of transsexuals, and an invasion of privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-:02whip_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02whip-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 229–231">: 229–231 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_understanding">Historical understanding</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transgender&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transgender&action=history">history</a>)</span></div><p>Transgender people are known to have existed since ancient times. A wide range of societies had traditional third gender roles, or otherwise accepted trans people in some form.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a precise history is difficult because the modern concept of being transgender, and gender in general, did not develop until the mid-1900s. Historical understandings are thus inherently filtered through modern principles, and were largely viewed through a medical lens until the late 1900s.<sup id="cite_ref-:3b_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3b-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hippocratic_Corpus" title="Hippocratic Corpus">Hippocratic Corpus</a> (interpreting the writing of <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>) describes the "disease of the <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a>" (regarding the <a href="/wiki/Enaree" title="Enaree">Enaree</a>), which it attributes to impotency due to riding on a horse without stirrups. This reference was well discussed by medical writings of the 1500s–1700s. <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Petit_(scholar)" title="Pierre Petit (scholar)">Pierre Petit</a> writing in 1596 viewed the "Scythian disease" as natural variation, but by the 1700s writers viewed it as a "melancholy", or "hysterical" psychiatric disease. By the early 1800s, being transgender separate from Hippocrates' idea of it was claimed to be widely known, but remained poorly documented. Both trans women and trans men were cited in European insane asylums of the early 1800s. One of the earliest recorded gender nonconforming people in America was <a href="/wiki/Thomas(ine)_Hall" title="Thomas(ine) Hall">Thomas(ine) Hall</a>, a seventeenth century colonial servant.<sup id="cite_ref-Hickman_Porfilio_2012_p._235_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hickman_Porfilio_2012_p._235-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most complete account of the time came from the life of the <a href="/wiki/Chevalier_d%27%C3%89on" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevalier d'Éon">Chevalier d'Éon</a> (1728–1810), a French diplomat. As cross-dressing became more widespread in the late 1800s, discussion of transgender people increased greatly and writers attempted to explain the origins of being transgender. Much study came out of Germany, and was exported to other Western audiences. Cross-dressing was seen in a pragmatic light until the late 1800s; it had previously served a satirical or disguising purpose. But in the latter half of the 1800s, cross-dressing and being transgender became viewed as an increasing societal danger.<sup id="cite_ref-Janssen-2020_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janssen-2020-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_A._Hammond" title="William A. Hammond">William A. Hammond</a> wrote an 1882 account of transgender <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a> "shamans" [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] (<i>mujerados</i>), comparing them to the Scythian disease. Other writers of the late 1700s and 1800s (including Hammond's associates in the <a href="/wiki/American_Neurological_Association" title="American Neurological Association">American Neurological Association</a>) had noted the widespread nature of transgender cultural practices among native peoples. Explanations varied, but authors generally did not ascribe native transgender practices to psychiatric causes, instead condemning the practices in a religious and moral sense. Native groups provided much study on the subject, and perhaps the majority of all study until after WWII.<sup id="cite_ref-Janssen-2020_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janssen-2020-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critical studies first began to emerge in the late 1800s in Germany, with the works of Magnus Hirschfeld. Hirschfeld coined the term "transvestite" in 1910 as the scope of transgender study grew. His work would lead to the 1919 founding of the <a href="/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft" title="Institut für Sexualwissenschaft">Institut für Sexualwissenschaft</a> in Berlin. Though Hirscheld's legacy is disputed, he revolutionized the field of study. The Institut was destroyed when the Nazis seized power in 1933, and its research was infamously burned in the May 1933 Nazi book burnings.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transgender issues went largely out of the public eye until after World War II. Even when they re-emerged, they reflected a <a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychology" title="Forensic psychology">forensic psychology</a> approach, unlike the more <a href="/wiki/Sexological" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexological">sexological</a> that had been employed in the lost German research.<sup id="cite_ref-Janssen-2020_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janssen-2020-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LeVay-1996_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeVay-1996-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_medical_understanding">20th century medical understanding</h3></div> <p>Although there are records of gender affirming surgery (SRS) going back to the 2nd century, the first modern types of such practice first appeared in the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith-Han_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-Han-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this context, Harry Benjamin suggested that moderate intensity male to female transsexual people may benefit from estrogen medication as a "substitute for or preliminary to operation."<sup id="cite_ref-benjaminscale_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benjaminscale-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Benjamin's view, people may have had gender affirming surgery even though they do not meet the definition of transsexual,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> while others do not desire SRS although they fit his definition of a "true transsexual".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> "Transsexuality" was included for the first time in the <a href="/wiki/DSM-III" class="mw-redirect" title="DSM-III">DSM-III</a> in 1980 and again in the <a href="/wiki/DSM-III-R" class="mw-redirect" title="DSM-III-R">DSM-III-R</a> in 1987, where it was located under <i>Disorders Usually First Evident in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence</i>. </p><p>Beyond Benjamin's work, which focused on male-to-female (MTF) transsexual people, there are cases of the female to male transsexual, for whom genital surgery may not be practical. Benjamin gave certifying letters to his MTF transsexual patients that stated "Their anatomical sex, that is to say, the body, is male. Their psychological sex, that is to say, the mind, is female." Starting in 1968 Benjamin abandoned his early terminology and adopted that of "gender identity."<sup id="cite_ref-ekins2006_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekins2006-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_diagnosis">Medical diagnosis</h2></div> <p>Transsexualism is no longer classified as a mental disorder in the <a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems</a> (ICD). The <a href="/wiki/World_Professional_Association_for_Transgender_Health" title="World Professional Association for Transgender Health">World Professional Association for Transgender Health</a> (WPATH) and many transsexual people had recommended this removal,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 743">: 743 </span></sup> arguing that at least some mental health professionals are being insensitive by labelling transsexualism as a "disease" rather than as an inborn trait, as many transsexuals believe it to be.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now, instead, it is classified as a sexual health condition; this classification continues to enable healthcare systems to provide healthcare needs related to gender.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (July 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/ICD-11" title="ICD-11">eleventh edition</a> was released in June 2018. The previous version, ICD-10, had incorporated <i>transsexualism</i>, <i>dual role transvestism,</i> and <i>gender identity disorder of childhood</i> into its <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender identity disorder">gender identity disorder</a> category. It defined transsexualism as "[a] desire to live and be accepted as a member of the opposite sex, usually accompanied by a sense of discomfort with, or inappropriateness of, one's anatomic sex, and a wish to have surgery and hormonal treatment to make one's body as congruent as possible with one's preferred sex." ICD-11 renamed Transexualism as Gender incongruence of adolescence or adulthood (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#90875286">HA60</a>), and Gender identity disorder of childhood was renamed Gender incongruence of childhood (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#344733949">HA61</a>). </p><p> HA60 of the ICD-11 reads:<sup id="cite_ref-:2b_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>Gender Incongruence of Adolescence and Adulthood is characterised by a marked and persistent incongruence between an individual's experienced gender and the assigned sex, which often leads to a desire to 'transition', in order to live and be accepted as a person of the experienced gender, through hormonal treatment, surgery or other health care services to make the individual's body align, as much as desired and to the extent possible, with the experienced gender. The diagnosis cannot be assigned prior the onset of puberty. [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#344733949">HA61</a> applies before puberty] Gender variant behaviour and preferences alone are not a basis for assigning the diagnosis.</p></blockquote><p><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (July 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> Historically, transsexualism has also been included in the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association" title="American Psychiatric Association">American Psychiatric Association</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders" title="Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</a></i> (DSM). With the <a href="/wiki/DSM-5" title="DSM-5">DSM-5</a>, transsexualism was removed as a diagnosis, and a diagnosis of <a href="/wiki/Gender_dysphoria" title="Gender dysphoria">gender dysphoria</a> was created in its place.<sup id="cite_ref-DSM-V_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM-V-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This change was made to reflect the consensus view by members of the APA that the desire for gender affirming surgery is not, in and of itself, a disorder and that transsexual people should not be stigmatized unnecessarily.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (July 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> By including a diagnosis for gender dysphoria, transsexual people are still able to access medical care through the process of transition. </p><p>The current diagnosis for transsexual people who present themselves for medical treatment is gender dysphoria (leaving out those who have sexual identity disorders without gender concerns).<sup id="cite_ref-DSM-V_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM-V-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i>Standards of care</i> formulated by WPATH, formerly the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, this diagnostic label is often necessary to obtain gender affirming therapy with health insurance coverage, and the designation of gender identity disorders as mental disorders is not a license for stigmatization or for the deprivation of gender patients' civil rights.<sup id="cite_ref-WPATH_web_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPATH_web-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WPATHSOCs_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPATHSOCs-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes,_studies,_and_theories"><span id="Causes.2C_studies.2C_and_theories"></span>Causes, studies, and theories</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Causes">Causes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Causes_of_transsexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Causes of transsexuality">Causes of transsexuality</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Focus_on_trans_women_over_trans_men">Focus on trans women over trans men</h3></div> <p>Historically, formal efforts by the medical community to provide transsexual healthcare were extremely focused on transsexual women, with little thought for transsexual men. Julia Serano suggests that <a href="/wiki/Effemimania" class="mw-redirect" title="Effemimania">effemimania</a> (the idea that male femininity is more psychopathological than female masculinity) was the driving factor. She sees this as a kind of <a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">transmisogyny</a> (hatred of trans women as an extension of sexism).<sup id="cite_ref-:02whip_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02whip-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 126–127">: 126–127 </span></sup> This effimimania conflates male homosexuality, transsexual women, and feminine gender expression, while treating them all as a disease.<sup id="cite_ref-:02whip_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02whip-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 129">: 129 </span></sup> She points to the medical community's long love of now outdated theories such as <a href="/wiki/Autogynephile" class="mw-redirect" title="Autogynephile">autogynephilia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02whip_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02whip-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 131">: 131 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_assistance">Medical assistance</h2></div> <p>Individuals make different choices regarding gender affirming therapy, which may include hormones, minor to extensive surgery, social changes, and psychological interventions. The extent of medical intervention is a highly personal decision: there is no one-size-fits-all solution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hormone_replacement_therapy">Hormone replacement therapy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transgender_hormone_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender hormone therapy">Transgender hormone therapy</a></div> <p>Transsexual individuals frequently opt for <a href="/wiki/Masculinizing_hormone_therapy" title="Masculinizing hormone therapy">masculinizing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Feminizing_hormone_therapy" title="Feminizing hormone therapy">feminizing</a> <a href="/wiki/Transgender_hormone_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender hormone therapy">hormone replacement therapy</a> (HRT) to modify <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sex_characteristic" title="Secondary sex characteristic">secondary sex characteristics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sex_reassignment_therapy">Sex reassignment therapy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sex_reassignment_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex reassignment therapy">Sex reassignment therapy</a></div> <p><i>Sex reassignment therapy</i> (SRT) is an umbrella term for all medical treatments related to gender affirming of both transgender and <a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">intersex</a> people. <a href="/wiki/Sex_reassignment_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex reassignment surgery">Sex reassignment surgery</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Orchiectomy" title="Orchiectomy">orchiectomy</a>) alters <a href="/wiki/Primary_sex_characteristics" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary sex characteristics">primary sex characteristics</a>, including chest surgery such as <a href="/wiki/Mastectomy" title="Mastectomy">top surgery</a> or <a href="/wiki/Breast_augmentation" title="Breast augmentation">breast augmentation</a>, or, in the case of trans women, a <a href="/wiki/Trachea_shave" class="mw-redirect" title="Trachea shave">trachea shave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facial_feminization_surgery" title="Facial feminization surgery">facial feminization surgery</a> or <a href="/wiki/Epilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Epilation">permanent hair removal</a>. </p><p>To obtain gender affirming therapy, transsexual people are generally required to undergo a psychological evaluation and receive a diagnosis of gender identity disorder in accordance with the Standards of Care (SOC) as published by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health.<sup id="cite_ref-WPATH_web_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPATH_web-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This assessment is usually accompanied by counseling on issues of adjustment to the desired gender role, effects and risks of medical treatments, and sometimes also by psychological therapy. The SOC are intended as guidelines, not inflexible rules, and are intended to ensure that clients are properly informed and in sound psychological health, and to discourage people from <a href="/wiki/Transitioning_(transgender)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transitioning (transgender)">transitioning</a> based on unrealistic expectations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gender_roles_and_transitioning">Gender roles and transitioning</h4></div> <p>After an initial psychological evaluation, trans men and trans women may begin medical treatment, starting with hormone replacement therapy<sup id="cite_ref-WPATHSOCs_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPATHSOCs-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gooren_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gooren-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or hormone blockers. In these cases, people who change their gender are usually required to live as members of their target gender for at least one year prior to genital surgery, gaining <a href="/wiki/Real-life_experience_(transgender)" title="Real-life experience (transgender)">real-life experience</a>, which is sometimes called the "real-life test" (RLT).<sup id="cite_ref-WPATHSOCs_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPATHSOCs-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transsexual individuals may undergo some, all, or none of the medical procedures available, depending on personal feelings, health, income, and other considerations. Some people posit that transsexualism is a physical condition, not a psychological issue, and assert that gender affirming therapy should be given on request. (Brown 103) </p><p>Like other trans people, transsexual people may refer to themselves as trans men or trans women. Transsexual people desire to establish a permanent gender role as a member of the gender with which they identify, and many transsexual people pursue medical interventions as part of the process of expressing their gender. The entire process of switching from one physical sex and social gender presentation to another is often referred to as transitioning, and usually takes several years. Transsexual people who transition usually change their social gender roles, <a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">legal names</a> and legal sex designation.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not all transsexual people undergo a physical transition. Some have obstacles or concerns preventing them from doing so, such as the expense of surgery, the risk of medical complications, or medical conditions which make the use of hormones or surgery dangerous. Others may not identify strongly with another binary gender role. Still others may find balance at a midpoint during the process, regardless of whether or not they are binary-identified. Many transsexual people, including binary-identified transsexual people, do not undergo genital surgery, because they are comfortable with their own genitals, or because they are concerned about nerve damage and the potential loss of sexual pleasure, including orgasm. This is especially so in the case of trans men, many of whom are dissatisfied with the current state of <a href="/wiki/Phalloplasty" title="Phalloplasty">phalloplasty</a>, which is typically very expensive, not covered by health insurance, and commonly does not achieve desired results. For example, not only does phalloplasty not result in a completely natural erection, it may not allow for an erection at all, and its results commonly lack penile sexual sensitivity; in other cases, however, phalloplasty results are satisfying for trans men. By contrast, <a href="/wiki/Metoidioplasty" title="Metoidioplasty">metoidioplasty</a>, which is more popular, is significantly less expensive and has far better sexual results.<sup id="cite_ref-Teich_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teich-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stryker_&_Whittle_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stryker_&_Whittle-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carroll_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carroll-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Transsexual people can be heterosexual, gay, lesbian, or bisexual; many choose the language of how they refer to their sexual orientation based on their gender identity, not their birth <a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">assigned sex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ekins2006_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekins2006-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychological_treatment">Psychological treatment</h3></div> <p>Psychological techniques that attempt to alter gender identity to one considered appropriate for the person's assigned sex, aka <a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">conversion therapy</a>, are ineffective. The widely recognized Standards of Care note that sometimes the only reasonable and effective course of treatment for transsexual people is to go through gender affirming therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-WPATHSOCs_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPATHSOCs-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The need for treatment of transsexual people is emphasized by the high rate of <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> problems, including <a href="/wiki/Clinical_depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical depression">depression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Substance_dependence" title="Substance dependence">addictions</a>, as well as a higher <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> rate among untreated transsexual people than in the general population.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These problems are alleviated by a change of gender role and/or physical characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many transgender and transsexual activists, and many caregivers, note that these problems are not usually related to the gender identity issues themselves, but the social and cultural responses to gender-variant individuals. Some transsexual people reject the counseling that is recommended by the Standards of Care<sup id="cite_ref-WPATHSOCs_70-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPATHSOCs-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because they do not consider their gender identity to be a cause of psychological problems. </p><p>Brown and Rounsley noted that "some transsexual people acquiesce to legal and medical expectations in order to gain rights granted through the medical/psychological hierarchy." Legal needs, such as a change of sex on legal documents, and medical needs, such as gender affirming surgery, are usually difficult to obtain without a doctor or therapist's approval. Because of this, some transsexual people feel coerced into affirming outdated concepts of gender to overcome simple legal and medical hurdles.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regrets_and_detransitions">Regrets and detransitions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Detransition" title="Detransition">Detransition</a></div> <p>People who undergo gender affirming surgery can develop regret for the procedure later in life, largely predicted by a lack of support from family or peers, with data from the 1990s suggesting a rate of 3.8%.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2001 study of 232 MTF patients who underwent GRS, none of the patients reported complete regret and only 6% reported partial or occasional regrets.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawrence_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawrence-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2009 review of <a href="/wiki/Medline" class="mw-redirect" title="Medline">Medline</a> literature suggests the total rate of patients expressing feelings of doubt or regret is estimated to be as high as 8%.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2010 meta-study, based on 28 previous long-term studies of transsexual men and women, found that the overall psychological functioning of transsexual people after transition was similar to that of the general population and significantly better than that of untreated transsexual people.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prevalence">Prevalence</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transgender#Population_figures_and_prevalence" title="Transgender">Transgender § Population figures and prevalence</a></div> <p>Estimates of the <a href="/wiki/Prevalence" title="Prevalence">prevalence</a> of transsexual people are highly dependent on the specific case definitions used in the studies, with prevalence rates varying by orders of magnitude.<sup id="cite_ref-jsm.jsexmed.org_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jsm.jsexmed.org-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, the <i><a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders" title="Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</a></i> (DSM-V 2013) gives the following estimates: "For natal adult males [MTF], prevalence ranges from 0.005% to 0.014%, and for natal females [FTM], from 0.002% to 0.003%." It states, however, that these are likely underestimates since the figures are based on referrals to specialty clinics.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Amsterdam Gender Dysphoria Clinic over four decades has treated roughly 95% of Dutch transsexual clients, and it suggests (1997) a prevalence of 1:10,000 among assigned males and 1:30,000 among assigned females.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Olyslager and <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Conway" title="Lynn Conway">Conway</a> presented a paper<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the WPATH 20th International Symposium (2007) arguing that the data from their own and other studies actually imply much higher prevalence, with minimum lower bounds of 1:4,500 male-to-female transsexual people and 1:8,000 female-to-male transsexual people for a number of countries worldwide. They estimate the number of post-op women in the US to be 32,000 and obtain a figure of 1:2500 male-to-female transsexual people. They further compare the annual instances of gender affirming surgery (SRS) and male birth in the U.S. to obtain a figure of 1:1000 MTF transsexual people and suggest a prevalence of 1:500 extrapolated from the rising rates of SRS in the US and a "common sense" estimate of the number of undiagnosed transsexual people. Olyslager and Conway also argue that the US population of assigned males having already undergone reassignment surgery by the top three US SRS surgeons alone is enough to account for the entire transsexual population implied by the 1:10,000 prevalence number, yet this excludes all other US SRS surgeons, surgeons in countries such as Thailand, Canada, and others, and the high proportion of transsexual people who have not yet sought treatment, suggesting that a prevalence of 1:10,000 is too low. </p><p>A 2008 study of the number of New Zealand passport holders who changed the sex on their passport estimated that 1:3,639 birth-assigned males and 1:22,714 birth-assigned females were transsexual.<sup id="cite_ref-veale2_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veale2-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2008 presentation at the LGBT Health Summit in Bristol, UK,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> showed that the prevalence of transsexual people in the UK was increasing (14% per year) and that the mean age of <a href="/wiki/Transitioning_(transgender)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transitioning (transgender)">transition</a> was rising. </p><p>Though no direct studies on the prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender identity disorder">gender identity disorder</a> (GID) have been done, a variety of clinical papers published in the past 20 years provide estimates ranging from 1:7,400 to 1:42,000 in assigned males and 1:30,040 to 1:104,000 in assigned females.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Transgender_Equality" title="National Center for Transgender Equality">National Center for Transgender Equality</a> conducted a National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Of the 27,715 transgender and <a href="/wiki/Genderqueer" class="mw-redirect" title="Genderqueer">genderqueer</a> people who took the survey, 35% identified as "non-binary", 33% identified as transgender women, 29% identified as transgender men, and 3% said that "crossdresser" best described their gender identity.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NTDS_2011_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTDS_2011-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis of "how various definitions of transgender affect prevalence estimates" in 27 studies found a <a href="/wiki/Prevalence" title="Prevalence">meta-prevalence</a> (mP) estimates per 100,000 population of 9.2 (95% CI = 4.9–13.6), equal to 1:11,000 for surgical or hormonal gender affirmation therapy and 6.8 (95% CI = 4.6–9.1), equal to 1:15,000 for transgender-related medical condition diagnoses. Of studies assessing self-reported transgender identity, prevalence was 355 (95% CI = 144–566), equal to 1 in 282. However, a single outlier study would have influenced the result to 871 (95% CI = 519–1,224), equal to 1 in 115; this study was removed. "Significant heterogeneity was observed in most analyses."<sup id="cite_ref-jsm.jsexmed.org_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jsm.jsexmed.org-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Country </th> <th scope="col">Publication </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Incidence in males </th> <th scope="col">Incidence in females </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">US </th> <td>DSM-IV</td> <td>1994</td> <td>1:30,000</td> <td>1:100,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Netherlands </th> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Clinical_Endocrinology_%26_Metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism">The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism</a></i></td> <td>1997</td> <td>1:10,000</td> <td>1:30,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">US </th> <td><i><a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Transgenderism" class="mw-redirect" title="International Journal of Transgenderism">International Journal of Transgenderism</a></i></td> <td>2007</td> <td>1:4,500</td> <td>1:8,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">New Zealand </th> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Journal_of_Psychiatry" title="Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry">Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry</a></i></td> <td>2008</td> <td>1:3,639</td> <td>1:22,714 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">US </th> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Sexual_Medicine" title="The Journal of Sexual Medicine">The Journal of Sexual Medicine</a></i></td> <td>2016</td> <td>1:11,000</td> <td>1:15,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2></div> <p>A number of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> cultures have traditional social and ceremonial roles for individuals who do not fit into the usual roles for males and females in that culture. These roles can vary widely between tribes, because gender roles, when they exist at all, also vary considerably among different Native cultures. However, a modern, <a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Indian">pan-Indian</a> status known as <a href="/wiki/Two-Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-Spirit">Two-Spirit</a> has emerged among LGBT Natives in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilley_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilley-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_and_social_aspects">Legal and social aspects</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_transsexualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal aspects of transsexualism">Legal aspects of transsexualism</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Grodzka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Anna_Grodzka.jpg/200px-Anna_Grodzka.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Anna_Grodzka.jpg/300px-Anna_Grodzka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Anna_Grodzka.jpg/400px-Anna_Grodzka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Anna_Grodzka" title="Anna Grodzka">Anna Grodzka</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the first transsexual MP in the history of Europe to have had gender affirming <a href="/wiki/Sex_reassignment_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex reassignment surgery">surgery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Laws regarding changes to the legal status of transsexual people are different from country to country. Some jurisdictions allow an individual to <a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">change their name</a>, and sometimes, their legal gender, to reflect their gender identity. Within the US, some states allow amendments or complete replacement of the original birth certificates.<sup id="cite_ref-transgenderlaw.org_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transgenderlaw.org-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some states seal earlier records against all but court orders in order to protect the transsexual person's privacy. </p><p>In many places, it is not possible to change birth records or other legal designations of sex, although changes are occurring. <a href="/wiki/Estelle_Asmodelle" title="Estelle Asmodelle">Estelle Asmodelle</a>'s book documented her struggle to change the Australian birth certificate and passport laws, although there are other individuals who have been instrumental in changing laws and thus attaining more acceptance for transsexual people in general. </p><p>Medical treatment for transsexual and transgender people is available in most Western countries. However, transsexual and transgender people challenge the "normative" gender roles of many cultures and often face considerable hatred and prejudice. The film <i><a href="/wiki/Boys_Don%27t_Cry_(1999_film)" title="Boys Don't Cry (1999 film)">Boys Don't Cry</a></i> chronicles the case of <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Teena" title="Brandon Teena">Brandon Teena</a>, a transsexual man who was raped and murdered after his status was discovered. In 1999 Brandon was memoralised in the first <a href="/wiki/Transgender_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Transgender Day of Remembrance">Transgender Day of Remembrance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Transgender Day of Remembrance is observed annually on November 20 by members of the transgender community and LGBT+ organisations across the world.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jurisdictions allowing changes to birth records generally allow <a href="/wiki/Transgender_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender marriage">trans people to marry</a> members of the opposite sex to their gender identity and to adopt children. Jurisdictions which prohibit <a href="/wiki/Same_sex_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Same sex marriage">same sex marriage</a> often require pre-transition marriages to be ended before they will issue an amended birth certificate.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Health-practitioner manuals, professional journalistic <a href="/wiki/Style_guide" title="Style guide">style guides</a>, and LGBT advocacy groups advise the adoption by others of the name and pronouns identified by the person in question, including present references to the transgender or transsexual person's past.<sup id="cite_ref-APA_Complicated_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APA_Complicated-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fenway_Meeting_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fenway_Meeting-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fenway_Glossary_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fenway_Glossary-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Family members and friends who may be confused about pronoun usage or the definitions of <a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">sex</a> are commonly instructed in proper pronoun usage, either by the transsexual person or by professionals or other persons familiar with pronoun usage as it relates to transsexual people. Sometimes transsexual people have to correct their friends and family members many times before they begin to use the transsexual person's desired pronouns consistently. According to <a href="/wiki/Julia_Serano" title="Julia Serano">Julia Serano</a>, deliberate mis-gendering of transsexual people is "an arrogant attempt to belittle and humiliate trans people."<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both "transsexualism" and "gender identity disorders not resulting from physical impairments" are specifically excluded from coverage under the <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Americans with Disabilities Act">Americans with Disabilities Act</a> Section 12211.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gender dysphoria is not excluded.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Employment_issues">Employment issues</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Openly transsexual people can have difficulty maintaining employment. Most find it necessary to remain employed during transition in order to cover the costs of living and transition. However, <a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">employment discrimination</a> against trans people is rampant and many of them are fired when they come out or are involuntarily <a href="/wiki/Outing" title="Outing">outed</a> at work.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transsexual people must decide whether to transition on-the-job, or to find a new job when they make their social transition. Other stresses that transsexual people face in the workplace are being fearful of coworkers negatively responding to their transition, and losing job experience under a previous name—even deciding which rest room to use can prove challenging.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finding employment can be especially challenging for those in mid-transition. </p><p>Laws regarding name and gender changes in many countries make it difficult for transsexual people to conceal their trans status from their employers.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the Harry Benjamin Standards of Care requires one-year of real life experience prior to SRS, some feel this creates a <a href="/wiki/Catch-22_(logic)" title="Catch-22 (logic)">Catch-22</a> situation which makes it difficult for trans people to remain employed or obtain SRS. </p><p>In many countries, laws provide protection from workplace discrimination based on gender identity or gender expression, including masculine women and <a href="/wiki/Feminine_men" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminine men">feminine men</a>. An increasing number of companies are including "gender identity and expression" in their non-discrimination policies.<sup id="cite_ref-transgenderlaw.org_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transgenderlaw.org-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often these laws and policies do not cover all situations and are not strictly enforced. <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">anti-discrimination laws</a> protect transsexual persons in the workplace and specifically prohibit employers from terminating or refusing to hire a person based on their gender identity. The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> provides employment protection as part of gender discrimination protections following the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a> decisions in <i><a href="/wiki/P_v_S_and_Cornwall_County_Council" title="P v S and Cornwall County Council">P v S and Cornwall County Council</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States National Transgender Discrimination Survey, 44% of respondents reported not getting a job they applied for because of being transgender.<sup id="cite_ref-NTDS_2011_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTDS_2011-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 36% of trans women reported losing a job due to discrimination compared to 19% of trans men.<sup id="cite_ref-NTDS_2011_93-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTDS_2011-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 54% of trans women and 50% of trans men report having been harassed in the workplace.<sup id="cite_ref-NTDS_2011_93-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTDS_2011-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Transgender people who have been fired due to bias are more than 34 times likely than members of the general population to attempt suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-NTDS_2011_93-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTDS_2011-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stealth">Stealth</h3></div> <p>Many transsexual men and women choose to live completely as members of their gender without disclosing details of their birth-assigned sex. This approach is sometimes called <i>stealth.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Schilt_2006_pp._465–490_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schilt_2006_pp._465–490-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stealth transsexuals choose not to disclose their past for numerous reasons, including fear of discrimination and fear of physical violence.<sup id="cite_ref-NTDS_2011_93-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NTDS_2011-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 63">: 63 </span></sup> There are examples of people having been denied medical treatment upon discovery of their trans status, whether it was revealed by the patient or inadvertently discovered by the doctors.<sup id="cite_ref-TyraTGR_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TyraTGR-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_media">In the media</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nina_Poon_threefour_Shankbone_2010_NYC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nina_Poon_threefour_Shankbone_2010_NYC.jpg/220px-Nina_Poon_threefour_Shankbone_2010_NYC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nina_Poon_threefour_Shankbone_2010_NYC.jpg/330px-Nina_Poon_threefour_Shankbone_2010_NYC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Nina_Poon_threefour_Shankbone_2010_NYC.jpg/440px-Nina_Poon_threefour_Shankbone_2010_NYC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="2367" /></a><figcaption>Nina Poon, a transsexual model who has appeared in <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Cole_Productions" title="Kenneth Cole Productions">Kenneth Cole</a> ads, at the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Tribeca_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribeca Film Festival">Tribeca Film Festival</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Media_portrayals_of_transgender_people" title="Media portrayals of transgender people">Media portrayals of transgender people</a></div> <p>Before transsexual people were depicted in popular movies and television shows, <a href="/wiki/Aleshia_Brevard" title="Aleshia Brevard">Aleshia Brevard</a>—a transsexual woman whose surgery took place in 1962<sup id="cite_ref-Brevard-2011_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brevard-2011-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup>—was actively working as an actress<sup id="cite_ref-Brevard-2011_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brevard-2011-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 141">: 141 </span></sup> and model<sup id="cite_ref-Brevard-2011_115-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brevard-2011-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 200">: 200 </span></sup> in Hollywood and New York throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Aleshia never portrayed a transsexual person, though she appeared in eight Hollywood-produced films, on most of the popular variety shows of the day, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dean_Martin_Show" title="The Dean Martin Show">The Dean Martin Show</a></i>, and was a regular on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Skelton_Show" title="The Red Skelton Show">The Red Skelton Show</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/One_Life_to_Live" title="One Life to Live">One Life to Live</a></i> before returning to university to teach drama and acting.<sup id="cite_ref-Brevard-2011_115-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brevard-2011-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources#User-generated_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a user-generated source. (June 2022)">user-generated source</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_pageantry">In pageantry</h3></div> <p>Since 2004, with the goal of crowning the top transsexual of the world, a beauty pageant by the name of <i>The World's Most Beautiful Transsexual Contest</i> was held in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>. The pageant accepted pre-operation and post-operation trans women, but required proof of their gender at birth. The winner of the 2004 pageant was a woman named <a href="/wiki/Mimi_Marks" title="Mimi Marks">Mimi Marks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Talackova" title="Jenna Talackova">Jenna Talackova</a>, the 23-year-old woman who forced <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and his Miss Universe Canada pageant to end its ban on transgender contestants, competed in the pageant on May 19, 2012, in Toronto.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 12, 2013, Kylan Arianna Wenzel was the first transgender woman allowed to compete in a Miss Universe Organization pageant since Donald Trump changed the rules to allow women like Wenzel to enter officially. Wenzel was the first transgender woman to compete in a Miss Universe Organization pageant since officials disqualified 23-year-old Miss Canada Jenna Talackova the previous year after learning she was transgender.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal_Transgender.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/32px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/48px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/64px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="117" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transgender" title="Portal:Transgender">Transgender portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bisexuality_symbol_(bold,_color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/32px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/48px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/64px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">Human sexuality portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender-related_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of transgender-related topics">List of transgender-related topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender-rights_organizations" title="List of transgender-rights organizations">List of transgender-rights organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT-related_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT-related organizations">List of LGBT-related organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_people" title="List of transgender people">List of transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDarmanin2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Darmanin, Jules (12 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/fr/julesdarmanin/retrouvailles-tres-emouvantes-entre-chelsea-manning-et-une">"Les retrouvailles très émouvantes entre Chelsea Manning et une femme qui l'a inspirée"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Buzzfeed_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Buzzfeed News">Buzzfeed News</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2020</span>. <q>Dans un entretien par téléphone avec BuzzFeed News, elle développe: «Ça se passait dans un contexte particulier, juste après une chirurgie de réassignation que j'ai été faire en Thaïlande. Il se trouve que j'avais déjà été interviewée par des médias, et que j'avais une image qui passait plutôt bien.» À travers les lettres XY marquées sur sa main, July voulait «clairement expliciter [sa] situation en tant que transsexuelle.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buzzfeed+News&rft.atitle=Les+retrouvailles+tr%C3%A8s+%C3%A9mouvantes+entre+Chelsea+Manning+et+une+femme+qui+l%27a+inspir%C3%A9e&rft.date=2017-07-12&rft.aulast=Darmanin&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Ffr%2Fjulesdarmanin%2Fretrouvailles-tres-emouvantes-entre-chelsea-manning-et-une&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bevan-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bevan_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bevan_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bevan_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBevan2015" class="citation book cs1">Bevan, Thomas E. (2015). <i>The psychobiology of transsexualism and transgenderism : a new view based on scientific evidence</i>. Santa Barbara, California. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3126-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3126-3"><bdi>978-1-4408-3126-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/881721443">881721443</a>. <q>The term transsexual was introduced by Cauldwell (1949) and popularized by Harry Benjamin (1966) ... . The term transgender was coined by John Oliven (1965) and popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince (1976) popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people advocated the use of this term much more than Prince. The adjective <i>transgendered</i> should not be used ... . Transsexuals constitute a subset of transgender people.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+psychobiology+of+transsexualism+and+transgenderism+%3A+a+new+view+based+on+scientific+evidence&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=42&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F881721443&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-3126-3&rft.aulast=Bevan&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alegria-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alegria_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alegria_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlegria2011" class="citation journal cs1">Alegria, Christine Aramburu (22 March 2011). "Transgender identity and health care: Implications for psychosocial and physical evaluation". <i>Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners</i>. <b>23</b> (4). Wiley: 175–182. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1745-7599.2010.00595.x">10.1111/j.1745-7599.2010.00595.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1041-2972">1041-2972</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21489011">21489011</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205909330">205909330</a>. <q>Transgender, Umbrella term for persons who do not conform to gender norms in their identity and/or behavior (Meyerowitz, 2002). Transsexual, Subset of transgenderism; persons who feel discordance between natal sex and identity (Meyerowitz, 2002).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Nurse+Practitioners&rft.atitle=Transgender+identity+and+health+care%3A+Implications+for+psychosocial+and+physical+evaluation&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=175-182&rft.date=2011-03-22&rft.issn=1041-2972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205909330%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21489011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1745-7599.2010.00595.x&rft.aulast=Alegria&rft.aufirst=Christine+Aramburu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stryker-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stryker_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrykerWhittle2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Stryker" title="Susan Stryker">Stryker, Susan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Whittle" title="Stephen Whittle">Whittle, Stephen</a> (2006). <i>The Transgender Studies Reader</i>. New York: Routledge. pp. 1–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-94708-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-94708-1"><bdi>0-415-94708-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62782200">62782200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transgender+Studies+Reader&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1-17&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62782200&rft.isbn=0-415-94708-1&rft.aulast=Stryker&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Whittle%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWintersKarasic2008" class="citation book cs1">Winters, Kelley; Karasic, Dan (2008). <i>Gender Madness in American Psychiatry: Essays From the Struggle for Dignity</i>. Dillon, CO: GID Reform Advocates. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4392-2388-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4392-2388-8"><bdi>978-1-4392-2388-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/367582287">367582287</a>. <q>Some Transsexual individuals also identify with the broader transgender community; others do not.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender+Madness+in+American+Psychiatry%3A+Essays+From+the+Struggle+for+Dignity&rft.place=Dillon%2C+CO&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=GID+Reform+Advocates&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F367582287&rft.isbn=978-1-4392-2388-8&rft.aulast=Winters&rft.aufirst=Kelley&rft.au=Karasic%2C+Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090430/http://www.gendercentre.org.au/resources/fact-sheets/transsexualism.htm">"Transsexualism"</a>. <i>Gender Centre</i>. March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gendercentre.org.au/">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2016</span>. <q>Transsexualism is often included within the broader term 'transgender', which is generally considered an umbrella term for people who do not conform to typically accepted gender roles for the sex they were assigned at birth. The term 'transgender' is a word employed by activists to encompass as many groups of gender diverse people as possible. However, many of these groups individually don't identify with the term. Many health clinics and services set up to serve gender variant communities employ the term, however most of the people using these services again don't identify with this term. The rejection of this political category by those that it is designed to cover clearly illustrates the difference between self-identification and categories that are imposed by observers to understand other people.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gender+Centre&rft.atitle=Transsexualism&rft.date=2014-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gendercentre.org.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Valentine-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Valentine_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Valentine_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentine2007" class="citation book cs1">Valentine, David (30 August 2007). <i>Imagining Transgender</i>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv125jv36">10.2307/j.ctv125jv36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-9021-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-9021-3"><bdi>978-0-8223-9021-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imagining+Transgender&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2007-08-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv125jv36&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-9021-3&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2b-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2b_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2b_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/90875286">"ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics"</a>. <i>icd.who.int</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icd.who.int&rft.atitle=ICD-11+for+Mortality+and+Morbidity+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ficd.who.int%2Fbrowse11%2Fl-m%2Fen%23%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fid.who.int%2Ficd%2Fentity%2F90875286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130611202525/http://www.dsm5.org/documents/gender%20dysphoria%20fact%20sheet.pdf">"Gender Dysphoria"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsm5.org/documents/gender%20dysphoria%20fact%20sheet.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gender+Dysphoria&rft.pub=American+Psychiatric+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsm5.org%2Fdocuments%2Fgender%2520dysphoria%2520fact%2520sheet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKacala2018" class="citation news cs1">Kacala, Alexander (18 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180619035935/https://hornet.com/stories/transgender-mental-disorder/">"Being Trans Is (Finally) No Longer Classified as a Mental Disorder by the WHO"</a>. Hornet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hornet.com/stories/transgender-mental-disorder/">the original</a> on 19 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Being+Trans+Is+%28Finally%29+No+Longer+Classified+as+a+Mental+Disorder+by+the+WHO&rft.date=2018-06-18&rft.aulast=Kacala&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhornet.com%2Fstories%2Ftransgender-mental-disorder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WPATH_web-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WPATH_web_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WPATH_web_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WPATH_web_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wpath.org">"World Professional Association for Transgender Health"</a>. WPATH. 25 September 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822232617/http://www.wpath.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Professional+Association+for+Transgender+Health&rft.pub=WPATH&rft.date=2011-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwpath.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transhub.org.au/gatekeeping">"Gatekeeping"</a>. <i>TransHub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TransHub&rft.atitle=Gatekeeping&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transhub.org.au%2Fgatekeeping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3ency-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3ency_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3ency_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3ency_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3ency_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M94aEAAAQBAJ"><i>Encyclopedia of Sex and Sexuality: Understanding Biology, Psychology, and Culture</i></a>. Heather L. Armstrong. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group. 2021. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-875-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-875-7"><bdi>978-1-61069-875-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1161996063">1161996063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Sex+and+Sexuality%3A+Understanding+Biology%2C+Psychology%2C+and+Culture&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1161996063&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-875-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM94aEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaire1934" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Haire" title="Norman Haire">Haire, Norman</a> (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071120005734/http://www.transgenderzone.com/features/sex_change.htm">"Encyclopaedia of Sexual Knowledge"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transgenderzone.com/features/sex_change.htm">the original</a> on 20 November 2007 – via Transgenderzone.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Sexual+Knowledge&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Haire&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transgenderzone.com%2Ffeatures%2Fsex_change.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hirschfeld, Magnus; "Die intersexuelle Konstitution" in <i><a href="/wiki/Jahrbuch_f%C3%BCr_sexuelle_Zwischenstufen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen">Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen</a></i> 1923.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCauldwell,_David_Oliver1949" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._O._Cauldwell" class="mw-redirect" title="D. O. Cauldwell">Cauldwell, David Oliver</a> (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040613/http://www.wpath.org/journal/www.iiav.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/cauldwell_02.htm">"Psychopathia Transexualis"</a>. <i>Sexology: Sex Science Magazine</i>. <b>16</b>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wpath.org/journal/www.iiav.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/cauldwell_02.htm">the original</a> on 30 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexology%3A+Sex+Science+Magazine&rft.atitle=Psychopathia+Transexualis&rft.volume=16&rft.date=1949&rft.au=Cauldwell%2C+David+Oliver&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpath.org%2Fjournal%2Fwww.iiav.nl%2Fezines%2Fweb%2FIJT%2F97-03%2Fnumbers%2Fsymposion%2Fcauldwell_02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span>. See also the neo-Latin term "psychopathia transexualis".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCauldwell1950" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Oliver_Cauldwell" title="David Oliver Cauldwell">Cauldwell, David O.</a> (1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100619084919/http://www.wpath.org/journal/www.iiav.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/cauldwell_04.htm"><i>Questions and answers on the sex life and sexual problems of trans-sexuals: trans-sexuals are individuals who are physically of one sex and apparently psychologically of the opposite sex : trans-sexuals include heterosexuals, homosexuals, bisexuals and others : a large element of transvestites have trans-sexual leanings</i></a>. Big blue book. Haldeman-Julius Publications. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wpath.org/journal/www.iiav.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/cauldwell_04.htm">the original</a> on 19 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Questions+and+answers+on+the+sex+life+and+sexual+problems+of+trans-sexuals%3A+trans-sexuals+are+individuals+who+are+physically+of+one+sex+and+apparently+psychologically+of+the+opposite+sex+%3A+trans-sexuals+include+heterosexuals%2C+homosexuals%2C+bisexuals+and+others+%3A+a+large+element+of+transvestites+have+trans-sexual+leanings&rft.series=Big+blue+book&rft.pub=Haldeman-Julius+Publications&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Cauldwell&rft.aufirst=David+O.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpath.org%2Fjournal%2Fwww.iiav.nl%2Fezines%2Fweb%2FIJT%2F97-03%2Fnumbers%2Fsymposion%2Fcauldwell_04.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meyerowitz_2002-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meyerowitz_2002_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyerowitz2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Meyerowitz" title="Joanne Meyerowitz">Meyerowitz, Joanne J.</a> (2002). <i>How sex changed : a history of transsexuality in the United States</i>. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 43–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01379-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01379-7"><bdi>978-0-674-01379-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+sex+changed+%3A+a+history+of+transsexuality+in+the+United+States&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=43-44&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01379-7&rft.aulast=Meyerowitz&rft.aufirst=Joanne+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin,_H.1969" class="citation book cs1">Benjamin, H. (1969). "Introduction". In Green, R.; Money, J. (eds.). <i>Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Transsexualism+and+Sex+Reassignment&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins&rft.date=1969&rft.au=Benjamin%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-benjaminscale-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-benjaminscale_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-benjaminscale_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenjamin1966">Benjamin 1966</a>, p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaeferWheeler1983" class="citation conference cs1">Schaefer, L.C.; Wheeler, C.C (1983). <i>The non-surgical true Transsexual: a theoretical rationale</i>. Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association VIII International Symposium. Bordeaux, France.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+non-surgical+true+Transsexual%3A+a+theoretical+rationale&rft.place=Bordeaux%2C+France&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Schaefer&rft.aufirst=L.C.&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+C.C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ts-Si_Gaughan-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ts-Si_Gaughan_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ts-Si_Gaughan_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaughan2006" class="citation web cs1">Gaughan, Sharon (19 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220064044/http://ts-si.org/content/view/1409/995/">"What About Non-op Transsexuals? A No-op Notion"</a>. TS-SI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ts-si.org/content/view/1409/995/">the original</a> on 20 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+About+Non-op+Transsexuals%3F+A+No-op+Notion&rft.pub=TS-SI&rft.date=2006-08-19&rft.aulast=Gaughan&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fts-si.org%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F1409%2F995%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TR2006-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TR2006_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFryeCurrahJuangMinter2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Frye" title="Phyllis Frye">Frye, Phyllis Randolph</a>; <a href="/wiki/Paisley_Currah" title="Paisley Currah">Currah, Paisley</a>; <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Minter" title="Shannon Minter">Juang, Richard M.</a>; Minter, Shannon (2006). <i>Transgender rights</i>. Minneapolis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8166-4311-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8166-4311-3"><bdi>0-8166-4311-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/68221085">68221085</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transgender+rights&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F68221085&rft.isbn=0-8166-4311-3&rft.aulast=Frye&rft.aufirst=Phyllis+Randolph&rft.au=Currah%2C+Paisley&rft.au=Juang%2C+Richard+M.&rft.au=Minter%2C+Shannon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polly-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Polly_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polly_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollyNicole2011" class="citation journal cs1">Polly, Ryan; Nicole, Julie (2011). "Understanding the Transsexual Patient". <i><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Emergency_Nursing_Journal" title="Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal">Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal</a></i>. <b>33</b> (1). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 55–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2Ftme.0b013e3182080ef4">10.1097/tme.0b013e3182080ef4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1931-4485">1931-4485</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21317698">21317698</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2481961">2481961</a>. <q>The use of terminology by transsexual individuals to self-identify varies. As aforementioned, many transsexual individuals prefer the term transgender, or simply trans, as it is more inclusive and carries fewer stigmas. There are some transsexual individuals[,] however, who reject the term transgender; these individuals view transsexualism as a treatable congenital condition. Following medical and/or surgical transition, they live within the binary as either a man or a woman and may not disclose their transition history.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advanced+Emergency+Nursing+Journal&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+Transsexual+Patient&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=55-64&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1931-4485&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2481961%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21317698&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2Ftme.0b013e3182080ef4&rft.aulast=Polly&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.au=Nicole%2C+Julie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swanson-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swanson_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swanson_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwenson2014" class="citation journal cs1">Swenson, A (2014). "Medical Care of the Transgender Patient". <i>Family Medicine</i>. <q>While some transsexual people still prefer to use the term to describe themselves, many transgender people prefer the term transgender to transsexual.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Family+Medicine&rft.atitle=Medical+Care+of+the+Transgender+Patient&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Swenson&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GLAAD_Media_Reference_Guide-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GLAAD_Media_Reference_Guide_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLAAD_Media_Reference_Guide_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223190612/https://www.glaad.org/reference/transgender">"Glossary of Terms - Transgender"</a>. <i>GLAAD Media Reference Guide</i>. n.d. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glaad.org/reference/transgender">the original</a> on 23 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GLAAD+Media+Reference+Guide&rft.atitle=Glossary+of+Terms+-+Transgender&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glaad.org%2Freference%2Ftransgender&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuinnessAlghrani2008" class="citation journal cs1">McGuinness, S; Alghrani, A (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/gender-and-parenthood(a58f6bfe-0d1a-45e5-99f8-b0c0ee37eaab).html">"Gender and parenthood: the case for realignment"</a>. <i>Medical Law Review</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 261–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmedlaw%2Ffwn010">10.1093/medlaw/fwn010</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1983%2Fa58f6bfe-0d1a-45e5-99f8-b0c0ee37eaab">1983/a58f6bfe-0d1a-45e5-99f8-b0c0ee37eaab</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18441087">18441087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Gender+and+parenthood%3A+the+case+for+realignment&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=261-83&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1983%2Fa58f6bfe-0d1a-45e5-99f8-b0c0ee37eaab&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18441087&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmedlaw%2Ffwn010&rft.aulast=McGuinness&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Alghrani%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch-information.bris.ac.uk%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fgender-and-parenthood%28a58f6bfe-0d1a-45e5-99f8-b0c0ee37eaab%29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittle2002" class="citation book cs1">Whittle, S (2002). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/respectequalityt00whit"><i>Respect and Equality: Transsexual and Transgender Rights</i></a></span>. London: Cavendish. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/respectequalityt00whit/page/n31">7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85941-743-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85941-743-0"><bdi>978-1-85941-743-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Respect+and+Equality%3A+Transsexual+and+Transgender+Rights&rft.place=London&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Cavendish&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85941-743-0&rft.aulast=Whittle&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frespectequalityt00whit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2012" class="citation journal cs1">Harris, Alex (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol13/iss6/6">"Non-binary Gender Concepts and the Evolving Legal Treatment of UK Transsexed Individuals: A Practical Consideration of the Possibilities of Butler"</a>. <i>Journal of International Women's Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (6): 57–71. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920052132/http://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol13/iss6/6/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+International+Women%27s+Studies&rft.atitle=Non-binary+Gender+Concepts+and+the+Evolving+Legal+Treatment+of+UK+Transsexed+Individuals%3A+A+Practical+Consideration+of+the+Possibilities+of+Butler&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=57-71&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvc.bridgew.edu%2Fjiws%2Fvol13%2Fiss6%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-denny-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-denny_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenny2006" class="citation book cs1">Denny, Dallas (2006). "Chapter 9: Transgender Communities of the United States in the Late Twentieth Century". In Currah, Paisley (ed.). <i>Transgender Rights</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+9%3A+Transgender+Communities+of+the+United+States+in+the+Late+Twentieth+Century&rft.btitle=Transgender+Rights&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Denny&rft.aufirst=Dallas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fenway_Health_Glossary-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fenway_Health_Glossary_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019120607/http://www.fenwayhealth.org/site/DocServer/Handout_7-C_Glossary_of_Gender_and_Transgender_Terms__fi.pdf">"Glossary of Gender and Transgender Terms"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Boston, Mass.: Fenway Health. January 2010. p. 15. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fenwayhealth.org/site/DocServer/Handout_7-C_Glossary_of_Gender_and_Transgender_Terms__fi.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Gender+and+Transgender+Terms&rft.place=Boston%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Fenway+Health&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fenwayhealth.org%2Fsite%2FDocServer%2FHandout_7-C_Glossary_of_Gender_and_Transgender_Terms__fi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker1979" class="citation news cs1">Parker, Jerry (18 October 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.cristanwilliams.com/2011/08/21/christine-jorgensen-transgender-woman/">"Christine Recalls Life as Boy from the Bronx"</a>. <i>Newsday/Winnipeg Free Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425161528/http://research.cristanwilliams.com/2011/08/21/christine-jorgensen-transgender-woman/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2012</span>. <q>If you understand trans-genders," she says, (the word she prefers to transsexuals), "then you understand that gender doesn't have to do with bed partners, it has to do with identity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsday%2FWinnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Christine+Recalls+Life+as+Boy+from+the+Bronx&rft.date=1979-10-18&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.cristanwilliams.com%2F2011%2F08%2F21%2Fchristine-jorgensen-transgender-woman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.cristanwilliams.com/2012/02/06/1982-transgenders-transsexuals-christine-jorgensen/">"News From California: 'Transgender'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Appeal-Democrat/Associate Press</i>. 11 May 1982. pp. A–10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120412004837/http://research.cristanwilliams.com/2012/02/06/1982-transgenders-transsexuals-christine-jorgensen/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2012</span>. <q>she describes people who have had such operations' "transgender" rather than transsexual. "Sexuality is who you sleep with, but gender is who you are," she explained</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Appeal-Democrat%2FAssociate+Press&rft.atitle=News+From+California%3A+%27Transgender%27&rft.pages=A-10&rft.date=1982-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.cristanwilliams.com%2F2012%2F02%2F06%2F1982-transgenders-transsexuals-christine-jorgensen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1076752703"><i>Transgender identities: Towards a social analysis of gender diversity</i></a>. Sally Hines, Tam Sanger. New York: Routledge. March 2010. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-99930-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-99930-4"><bdi>978-0-415-99930-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1076752703">1076752703</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transgender+identities%3A+Towards+a+social+analysis+of+gender+diversity&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010-03&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1076752703&rft.isbn=978-0-415-99930-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1076752703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.glaad.org/reference/trans-terms">"GLAAD Media Reference Guide - Transgender Terms"</a>. <i>GLAAD</i>. 22 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GLAAD&rft.atitle=GLAAD+Media+Reference+Guide+-+Transgender+Terms&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glaad.org%2Freference%2Ftrans-terms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OED_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-transsexual,_adj._and_n." class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/205059">"transsexual, adj. and n."</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=transsexual%2C+adj.+and+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F205059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris" class="citation journal cs1">Harris, Alex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1076&context=jiws">"Non-binary Gender Concepts and the Evolving Legal Treatment of UK Transsexed Individuals: A Practical Consideration of the Possibilities of Butler"</a>. <i>Journal of International Women's Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (6). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225212923/http://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1076&context=jiws">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+International+Women%27s+Studies&rft.atitle=Non-binary+Gender+Concepts+and+the+Evolving+Legal+Treatment+of+UK+Transsexed+Individuals%3A+A+Practical+Consideration+of+the+Possibilities+of+Butler&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvc.bridgew.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1076%26context%3Djiws&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurrahJuangMinter2006" class="citation book cs1">Currah, Paisley; Juang, Richard M.; Minter, Shannon Price (18 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sS90DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT116"><i>Transgender Rights</i></a>. U of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4529-4258-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4529-4258-2"><bdi>978-1-4529-4258-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transgender+Rights&rft.pub=U+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2006-08-18&rft.isbn=978-1-4529-4258-2&rft.aulast=Currah&rft.aufirst=Paisley&rft.au=Juang%2C+Richard+M.&rft.au=Minter%2C+Shannon+Price&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsS90DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pauly-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pauly_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPauly1993" class="citation journal cs1">Pauly, Ira B. (28 May 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haworthpress.com/store/ArticleAbstract.asp?sid=DPRJKLWKVGB58LR50W0AD29WXCGU5XC7&ID=77620">"Terminology and Classification of Gender Identity Disorders"</a>. <i>Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality</i>. <b>5</b> (4): 1–12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1300%2FJ056v05n04_01">10.1300/J056v05n04_01</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0890-7064">0890-7064</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142954603">142954603</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130111013033/http://www.haworthpress.com/store/ArticleAbstract.asp?sid=DPRJKLWKVGB58LR50W0AD29WXCGU5XC7&ID=77620">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Psychology+%26+Human+Sexuality&rft.atitle=Terminology+and+Classification+of+Gender+Identity+Disorders&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1-12&rft.date=1993-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142954603%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0890-7064&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1300%2FJ056v05n04_01&rft.aulast=Pauly&rft.aufirst=Ira+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haworthpress.com%2Fstore%2FArticleAbstract.asp%3Fsid%3DDPRJKLWKVGB58LR50W0AD29WXCGU5XC7%26ID%3D77620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laub-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Laub_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaubN._Fisk1974" class="citation journal cs1">Laub, D. R .; N. Fisk (April 1974). 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(1974). Laub, D.; Gandy P. (eds.). 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Bear Bergman">Bergman, S. Bear</a> (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/genderoutlawsnex00born_0"><i>Gender Outlaws: The Next Generation</i></a></span>. Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58005-308-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58005-308-2"><bdi>978-1-58005-308-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/526069032">526069032</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender+Outlaws%3A+The+Next+Generation&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F526069032&rft.isbn=978-1-58005-308-2&rft.aulast=Bornstein&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.au=Bergman%2C+S.+Bear&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgenderoutlawsnex00born_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-classnongendysphoria-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-classnongendysphoria_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlanchard1989" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Blanchard" title="Ray Blanchard">Blanchard, Ray</a> (1989). 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Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 315–334. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf01541951">10.1007/bf01541951</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-0002">0004-0002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2673136">2673136</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43151898">43151898</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Sexual+Behavior&rft.atitle=The+classification+and+labeling+of+nonhomosexual+gender+dysphorias&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=315-334&rft.date=1989&rft.issn=0004-0002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A43151898%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2673136&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fbf01541951&rft.aulast=Blanchard&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bagemihl-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bagemihl_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagemihl1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Bagemihl" title="Bruce Bagemihl">Bagemihl, Bruce</a> (1997). "Surrogate Phonology and Transsexual Faggotry: A linguistic analogy for uncoupling sexual orientation from gender identity". In Livia, Anna; Hall, Kira (eds.). <i>Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 380. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-535577-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-535577-2"><bdi>978-0-19-535577-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/252561680">252561680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Surrogate+Phonology+and+Transsexual+Faggotry%3A+A+linguistic+analogy+for+uncoupling+sexual+orientation+from+gender+identity&rft.btitle=Queerly+Phrased%3A+Language%2C+Gender%2C+and+Sexuality&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=380&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F252561680&rft.isbn=978-0-19-535577-2&rft.aulast=Bagemihl&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wahng-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wahng_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wahng SJ (2004). Double Cross: Transmasculinity Asian American Gendering in <i>Trappings of Transhood</i>. in Aldama AJ (ed.) <i>Violence and the Body: Race, Gender, and the State</i>. Indiana University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-34171-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-34171-X">0-253-34171-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leiblum2000-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-leiblum2000_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeiblumRosen2000" class="citation book cs1">Leiblum, Sandra Risa; Rosen, Raymond (2000). <i>Principles and practice of sex therapy</i> (3rd ed.). 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Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-05879-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-05879-8"><bdi>978-0-674-05879-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/680017826">680017826</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brain+storm+%3A+the+flaws+in+the+science+of+sex+differences&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F680017826&rft.isbn=978-0-674-05879-8&rft.aulast=Jordan-Young&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-langevin1983-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-langevin1983_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangevin1983" class="citation book cs1">Langevin, Ron (1983). <i>Sexual strands : understanding and treating sexual anomalies in men</i>. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89859-205-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89859-205-4"><bdi>0-89859-205-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8113505">8113505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sexual+strands+%3A+understanding+and+treating+sexual+anomalies+in+men&rft.place=Hillsdale%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=L.+Erlbaum+Associates&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8113505&rft.isbn=0-89859-205-4&rft.aulast=Langevin&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dsmivtwo-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dsmivtwo_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211020457/http://www.mental-health-today.com/gender/dsm.htm"><i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i></a> (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association" title="American Psychiatric Association">American Psychiatric Association</a>. 1994. p. 534. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89042-061-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-89042-061-0"><bdi>0-89042-061-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/29953039">29953039</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mental-health-today.com/gender/dsm.htm">the original</a> on 11 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2022</span>. <q>For sexually mature individuals, the following specifiers may be noted based on the individual's sexual orientation: Sexually Attracted to Males, Sexually Attracted to Females, Sexually Attracted to Both, and Sexually Attracted to Neither</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sexual+and+Gender+Identity+Disorders&rft.btitle=Diagnostic+and+Statistical+Manual+of+Mental+Disorders&rft.pages=534&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=American+Psychiatric+Association&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F29953039&rft.isbn=0-89042-061-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mental-health-today.com%2Fgender%2Fdsm.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Girshick-2009-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Girshick-2009_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Girshick-2009_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Girshick-2009_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Girshick-2009_55-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGirshick2009" class="citation book cs1">Girshick, Lori B. (15 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCPC96leH7UC&pg=PA16"><i>Transgender Voices: Beyond Women and Men</i></a>. Hanover: University Press of New England. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-838-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-838-2"><bdi>978-1-58465-838-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/929272452">929272452</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316031929/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCPC96leH7UC&pg=PA16">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transgender+Voices%3A+Beyond+Women+and+Men&rft.place=Hanover&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=University+Press+of+New+England&rft.date=2009-09-15&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F929272452&rft.isbn=978-1-58465-838-2&rft.aulast=Girshick&rft.aufirst=Lori+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZCPC96leH7UC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Partridge-2006-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Partridge-2006_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPartridge2006" class="citation book cs1">Partridge, Eric (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mAdUqLrKw4YC&pg=PA1540"><i>The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: J-Z</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 1540. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25938-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25938-5"><bdi>978-0-415-25938-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/180087865">180087865</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316031900/https://books.google.com/books?id=mAdUqLrKw4YC&pg=PA1540">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Partridge+Dictionary+of+Slang+and+Unconventional+English%3A+J-Z&rft.pages=1540&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F180087865&rft.isbn=978-0-415-25938-5&rft.aulast=Partridge&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmAdUqLrKw4YC%26pg%3DPA1540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02whip-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02whip_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02whip_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02whip_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02whip_57-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerano2016" class="citation book cs1">Serano, Julia (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/920728057"><i>Whipping girl : a transsexual woman on sexism and the scapegoating of femininity</i></a> (2 ed.). Berkeley, CA. pp. 233–245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58005-622-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58005-622-9"><bdi>978-1-58005-622-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/920728057">920728057</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whipping+girl+%3A+a+transsexual+woman+on+sexism+and+the+scapegoating+of+femininity&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pages=233-245&rft.edition=2&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F920728057&rft.isbn=978-1-58005-622-9&rft.aulast=Serano&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F920728057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yesmagazine.org/social-justice/2021/06/07/trans-history-gender-diversity">"The Trans History You Weren't Taught in Schools"</a>. <i>YES! Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220123215909/https://www.yesmagazine.org/social-justice/2021/06/07/trans-history-gender-diversity">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YES%21+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Trans+History+You+Weren%27t+Taught+in+Schools&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yesmagazine.org%2Fsocial-justice%2F2021%2F06%2F07%2Ftrans-history-gender-diversity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3b-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3b_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanssen2020" class="citation journal cs1">Janssen, Diederik F. (21 April 2020). "Transgenderism Before Gender: Nosology from the Sixteenth Through Mid-Twentieth Century". <i>Archives of Sexual Behavior</i>. <b>49</b> (5): 1415–1425. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10508-020-01715-w">10.1007/s10508-020-01715-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-0002">0004-0002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32319033">32319033</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216073926">216073926</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Sexual+Behavior&rft.atitle=Transgenderism+Before+Gender%3A+Nosology+from+the+Sixteenth+Through+Mid-Twentieth+Century&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1415-1425&rft.date=2020-04-21&rft.issn=0004-0002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216073926%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32319033&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10508-020-01715-w&rft.aulast=Janssen&rft.aufirst=Diederik+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hickman_Porfilio_2012_p._235-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hickman_Porfilio_2012_p._235_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickmanPorfilio2012" class="citation book cs1">Hickman, H.; Porfilio, B.J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qWcBBKOwzQ4C&pg=PA235"><i>The New Politics of the Textbook: Problematizing the Portrayal of Marginalized Groups in Textbooks</i></a>. Constructing Knowledge: Curriculum Studies in Action. SensePublishers. p. 235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-6091-912-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-6091-912-1"><bdi>978-94-6091-912-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230110004810/https://books.google.com/books?id=qWcBBKOwzQ4C&pg=PA235">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Politics+of+the+Textbook%3A+Problematizing+the+Portrayal+of+Marginalized+Groups+in+Textbooks&rft.series=Constructing+Knowledge%3A+Curriculum+Studies+in+Action&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=SensePublishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-94-6091-912-1&rft.aulast=Hickman&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Porfilio%2C+B.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqWcBBKOwzQ4C%26pg%3DPA235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Janssen-2020-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Janssen-2020_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janssen-2020_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janssen-2020_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanssen2020" class="citation journal cs1">Janssen, Diederik F. (21 April 2020). "Transgenderism Before Gender: Nosology from the Sixteenth Through Mid-Twentieth Century". <i>Archives of Sexual Behavior</i>. <b>49</b> (5): 1415–1425. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10508-020-01715-w">10.1007/s10508-020-01715-w</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-0002">0004-0002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32319033">32319033</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216073926">216073926</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Sexual+Behavior&rft.atitle=Transgenderism+Before+Gender%3A+Nosology+from+the+Sixteenth+Through+Mid-Twentieth+Century&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1415-1425&rft.date=2020-04-21&rft.issn=0004-0002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216073926%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32319033&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10508-020-01715-w&rft.aulast=Janssen&rft.aufirst=Diederik+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hmd.org.uk/resource/6-may-1933-looting-of-the-institute-of-sexology/">"Holocaust Memorial Day Trust | 6 May 1933: Looting of the Institute of Sexology"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307055315/https://www.hmd.org.uk/resource/6-may-1933-looting-of-the-institute-of-sexology/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Holocaust+Memorial+Day+Trust+%7C+6+May+1933%3A+Looting+of+the+Institute+of+Sexology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmd.org.uk%2Fresource%2F6-may-1933-looting-of-the-institute-of-sexology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeVay-1996-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LeVay-1996_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeVay1996" class="citation book cs1">LeVay, Simon (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/queerscience.htm"><i>Queer Science: The Use and Abuse of Research into Homosexuality</i></a>. MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7551%2Fmitpress%2F5726.001.0001">10.7551/mitpress/5726.001.0001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262278201" title="Special:BookSources/9780262278201"><bdi>9780262278201</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171213181804/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/queerscience.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2022</span> – via The Washington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queer+Science%3A+The+Use+and+Abuse+of+Research+into+Homosexuality&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7551%2Fmitpress%2F5726.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780262278201&rft.aulast=LeVay&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fstyle%2Flongterm%2Fbooks%2Fchap1%2Fqueerscience.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-Han-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith-Han_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithHan2019" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Shannon; Han, Justin (1 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.JU.0000555394.71572.8e">"The trans-formation of gender confirming surgery: a brief history"</a>. <i>The Journal of Urology</i>. <b>201</b> (4S): e244. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.JU.0000555394.71572.8e">10.1097/01.JU.0000555394.71572.8e</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149966616">149966616</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Urology&rft.atitle=The+trans-formation+of+gender+confirming+surgery%3A+a+brief+history&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=4S&rft.pages=e244&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.JU.0000555394.71572.8e&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149966616%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Shannon&rft.au=Han%2C+Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1097%252F01.JU.0000555394.71572.8e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldbergBeemyn2021" class="citation book cs1">Goldberg, Abbie E.; Beemyn, Genny, eds. (2021). "Ancient and Medieval Times". <i>The SAGE Encyclopedia of Trans Studies</i>. SAGE Publishing. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781544393858.n188">10.4135/9781544393858.n188</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5443-9381-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5443-9381-0"><bdi>978-1-5443-9381-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242422061">242422061</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ancient+and+Medieval+Times&rft.btitle=The+SAGE+Encyclopedia+of+Trans+Studies&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=SAGE+Publishing&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242422061%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781544393858.n188&rft.isbn=978-1-5443-9381-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150814230500/http://www.wpath.org/uploaded_files/140/files/ICD%20Meeting%20Packet-Report-Final-sm.pdf">"WPATH Consensus Process Regarding Transgender and Transsexual-Related Diagnoses in ICD-11"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Professional_Association_for_Transgender_Health" title="World Professional Association for Transgender Health">WPATH</a></i>. 31 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wpath.org/uploaded_files/140/files/ICD%20Meeting%20Packet-Report-Final-sm.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WPATH&rft.atitle=WPATH+Consensus+Process+Regarding+Transgender+and+Transsexual-Related+Diagnoses+in+ICD-11&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpath.org%2Fuploaded_files%2F140%2Ffiles%2FICD%2520Meeting%2520Packet-Report-Final-sm.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1161996063"><i>Encyclopedia of sex and sexuality : understanding biology, psychology, and culture</i></a>. Heather L. Armstrong. Santa Barbara, California. 2021. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-875-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-875-7"><bdi>978-1-61069-875-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1161996063">1161996063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+sex+and+sexuality+%3A+understanding+biology%2C+psychology%2C+and+culture&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1161996063&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-875-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1161996063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen,_Jamison2004" class="citation book cs1">Green, Jamison (May 2004). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/becomingvisiblem00gree"><i>Becoming a Visible Man</i></a></span>. Vanderbilt University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/becomingvisiblem00gree/page/n93">79</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8265-1457-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8265-1457-8"><bdi>978-0-8265-1457-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+a+Visible+Man&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Vanderbilt+University+Press&rft.date=2004-05&rft.isbn=978-0-8265-1457-8&rft.au=Green%2C+Jamison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbecomingvisiblem00gree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DSM-V-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DSM-V_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DSM-V_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Psychiatric_Association2013" class="citation book cs1">American Psychiatric Association (2013). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse"><i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition</i></a></span>. American Psychiatric Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89042-554-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89042-554-1"><bdi>978-0-89042-554-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diagnostic+and+Statistical+Manual+of+Mental+Disorders%2C+Fifth+Edition&rft.pub=American+Psychiatric+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-89042-554-1&rft.au=American+Psychiatric+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiagnosticstatis0005unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WPATHSOCs-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WPATHSOCs_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WPATHSOCs_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WPATHSOCs_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WPATHSOCs_70-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WPATHSOCs_70-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303035205/http://www.wpath.org/documents/Standards%20of%20Care%20V7%20-%202011%20WPATH.pdf">"Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People, 7th Version"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wpath.org/documents/Standards%20of%20Care%20V7%20-%202011%20WPATH.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standards+of+Care+for+the+Health+of+Transsexual%2C+Transgender%2C+and+Gender+Nonconforming+People%2C+7th+Version&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpath.org%2Fdocuments%2FStandards%2520of%2520Care%2520V7%2520-%25202011%2520WPATH.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gooren-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gooren_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoorenGiltayBunck2008" class="citation journal cs1">Gooren, LJ; Giltay, EJ; Bunck, MC (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1210%2Fjc.2007-1809">"Long-term treatment of transsexuals with cross-sex hormones: extensive personal experience"</a>. <i>J Clin Endocrinol Metab</i>. <b>93</b> (1): 19–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1210%2Fjc.2007-1809">10.1210/jc.2007-1809</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17986639">17986639</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Clin+Endocrinol+Metab&rft.atitle=Long-term+treatment+of+transsexuals+with+cross-sex+hormones%3A+extensive+personal+experience&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-25&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1210%2Fjc.2007-1809&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17986639&rft.aulast=Gooren&rft.aufirst=LJ&rft.au=Giltay%2C+EJ&rft.au=Bunck%2C+MC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1210%252Fjc.2007-1809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRestarJinBreslowReisner2020" class="citation journal cs1">Restar, Arjee; Jin, Harry; Breslow, Aaron; Reisner, Sari L.; Mimiaga, Matthew; Cahill, Sean; Hughto, Jaclyn M.W. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7229467">"Legal gender marker and name change is associated with lower negative emotional response to gender-based mistreatment and improve mental health outcomes among trans populations"</a>. <i>SSM - Population Health</i>. <b>11</b>: 100595. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ssmph.2020.100595">10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100595</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7229467">7229467</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32435684">32435684</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSM+-+Population+Health&rft.atitle=Legal+gender+marker+and+name+change+is+associated+with+lower+negative+emotional+response+to+gender-based+mistreatment+and+improve+mental+health+outcomes+among+trans+populations&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=100595&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7229467%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32435684&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ssmph.2020.100595&rft.aulast=Restar&rft.aufirst=Arjee&rft.au=Jin%2C+Harry&rft.au=Breslow%2C+Aaron&rft.au=Reisner%2C+Sari+L.&rft.au=Mimiaga%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Cahill%2C+Sean&rft.au=Hughto%2C+Jaclyn+M.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7229467&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teich-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Teich_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeich2012" class="citation book cs1">Teich, Nicholas (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gdA7AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA55"><i>Transgender 101: A Simple Guide to a Complex Issue</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50427-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50427-0"><bdi>978-0-231-50427-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920032700/https://books.google.com/books?id=gdA7AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA55">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2015</span>. <q>Historically, many transmen who have had phalloplasty have not been satisfied with the results. Doctors continue to make improvements to this surgery, but many surgeons in the United States choose not to perform it because of the high risk of complications (severe scarring or fistulas for example), the significant risk of never regaining sensation in the penis or donor sites, and the chance that the result will not be aesthetically pleasing. However, some transmen are satisfied with their results and would choose to do it again if given the choice.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transgender+101%3A+A+Simple+Guide+to+a+Complex+Issue&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-231-50427-0&rft.aulast=Teich&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgdA7AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stryker_&_Whittle-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stryker_&_Whittle_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrykerWhittle2013" class="citation book cs1">Stryker, Susan; Whittle, Stephen (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SfqOAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA353"><i>The Transgender Studies Reader</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 353. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-39884-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-39884-2"><bdi>978-1-135-39884-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910063206/https://books.google.com/books?id=SfqOAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA353">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2015</span>. <q>In addition, phalloplasty 'cannot produce an organ rich in the sexual feeling of the natural one.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transgender+Studies+Reader&rft.pages=353&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-39884-2&rft.aulast=Stryker&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Whittle%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSfqOAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carroll-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carroll_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2015" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, Janell (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cy9-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT132"><i>Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-305-44603-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-305-44603-8"><bdi>978-1-305-44603-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920055722/https://books.google.com/books?id=cy9-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT132">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2015</span>. <q>Penises made from phalloplasty cannot achieve a natural erection, so penile implants of some kind are usually used (we will discuss these implants in more detail in Chapter 14). Overall, metoidioplasty is a simpler procedure than phalloplasty, which explains its popularity. It also has fewer complications, takes less time, and is less expensive (e.g., a metoidioplasty takes about 1 to 2 hours and can cost around $15,000 to 20,000, whereas, a phalloplasty can take about 8 hours can cost more than $65,000).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sexuality+Now%3A+Embracing+Diversity&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-305-44603-8&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Janell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcy9-BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooreWisniewskiDobs2003" class="citation journal cs1">Moore, Eva; Wisniewski, Amy; <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Sandra_Dobs" title="Adrian Sandra Dobs">Dobs, Adrian</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070216040318/http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/88/8/3467">"Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual People: A Review of Treatment Regimens, Outcomes, and Adverse Effects"</a>. <i>The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism</i>. <b>88</b> (8): 3467–3473. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1210%2Fjc.2002-021967">10.1210/jc.2002-021967</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12915619">12915619</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/88/8/3467">the original</a> on 16 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Clinical+Endocrinology+%26+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Endocrine+Treatment+of+Transsexual+People%3A+A+Review+of+Treatment+Regimens%2C+Outcomes%2C+and+Adverse+Effects&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=3467-3473&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1210%2Fjc.2002-021967&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12915619&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.au=Wisniewski%2C+Amy&rft.au=Dobs%2C+Adrian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjcem.endojournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F88%2F8%2F3467&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000818182316/http://www.metrokc.gov/health/glbt/transgender.htm">"Transgender Health"</a>. 18 August 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metrokc.gov/health/glbt/transgender.htm">the original</a> on 18 August 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transgender+Health&rft.date=2000-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metrokc.gov%2Fhealth%2Fglbt%2Ftransgender.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Cuypere2006" class="citation journal cs1">De Cuypere, Greta (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/4377939/file/4377940">"Long-term follow-up: psychosocial outcome of Belgian transsexuals after sex reassignment surgery"</a>. <i>Sexologies</i>. <b>15</b> (2): 126–133. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sexol.2006.04.002">10.1016/j.sexol.2006.04.002</a>. <q>...the suicide attempt rate dropped significantly from 29.3% to 5.1%</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexologies&rft.atitle=Long-term+follow-up%3A+psychosocial+outcome+of+Belgian+transsexuals+after+sex+reassignment+surgery&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=126-133&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.sexol.2006.04.002&rft.aulast=De+Cuypere&rft.aufirst=Greta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblio.ugent.be%2Fpublication%2F4377939%2Ffile%2F4377940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2003" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Mildred L. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51437864"><i>True selves : understanding transsexualism-- for families, friends, coworkers, and helping professionals</i></a>. Chloe Ann Rounsley (1 paperback ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7879-6702-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7879-6702-5"><bdi>0-7879-6702-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51437864">51437864</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=True+selves+%3A+understanding+transsexualism--+for+families%2C+friends%2C+coworkers%2C+and+helping+professionals&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=107&rft.edition=1+paperback&rft.pub=Jossey-Bass&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51437864&rft.isbn=0-7879-6702-5&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Mildred+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F51437864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandénWålinder,_JHambert,_GLundström,_B.1998" class="citation journal cs1">Landén, M; Wålinder, J; Hambert, G; Lundström, B. 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Ever"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100409010158/https://www.theage.com.au/national/i-will-never-be-able-to-have-sex-again-ever-20090530-br41.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=I+will+never+be+able+to+have+sex+again.+Ever&rft.date=2009-05-31&rft.aulast=Stark&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnational%2Fi-will-never-be-able-to-have-sex-again-ever-20090530-br41.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lawrence-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lawrence_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence2003" class="citation journal cs1">Lawrence, A. A. (August 2003). "Factors associated with satisfaction or regret following male-to-female sex reassignment surgery". <i>Archives of Sexual Behavior</i>. <b>32</b> (4): 299–315. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1024086814364">10.1023/A:1024086814364</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12856892">12856892</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9960176">9960176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Sexual+Behavior&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+satisfaction+or+regret+following+male-to-female+sex+reassignment+surgery&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=299-315&rft.date=2003-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9960176%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12856892&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1024086814364&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=A.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaranyiPiber,_DRothenhäusler,_HB.2009" class="citation journal cs1">Baranyi, A; Piber, D; Rothenhäusler, HB. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>Use whatever name and gender pronoun the person prefers</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monitor+on+Psychology&rft.atitle=Transgender+terminology%3A+It%27s+complicated&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=39&rft.date=2013-04&rft.aulast=Glicksman&rft.aufirst=Eve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fmonitor%2F2013%2F04%2Fcomplicated.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fenway_Meeting-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fenway_Meeting_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/glbt/tfi-grand-rounds-makadon.ppt">"Meeting the Health Care Needs of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People: The End to LGBT Invisibility"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PowerPoint Presentation)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2013</span>. <q>Use the pronoun that matches the person's gender identity</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meeting+the+Health+Care+Needs+of+Lesbian%2C+Gay%2C+Bisexual%2C+and+Transgender+%28LGBT%29+People%3A+The+End+to+LGBT+Invisibility&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=The+Fenway+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ama-assn.org%2Fresources%2Fdoc%2Fglbt%2Ftfi-grand-rounds-makadon.ppt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fenway_Glossary-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fenway_Glossary_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019120607/http://www.fenwayhealth.org/site/DocServer/Handout_7-C_Glossary_of_Gender_and_Transgender_Terms__fi.pdf">"Glossary of Gender and Transgender Terms"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Law+%26+Sexuality&rft.atitle=The+Gender+Caste+System%3A+Identity%2C+Privacy+and+Heteronormativity&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Jillian+Todd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphobos.ramapo.edu%2F~jweiss%2Ftulane.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061031145247/https://www.hrc.org/Template.cfm?Section=Transgender_Issues&Template=/TaggedPage/TaggedPageDisplay.cfm&TPLID=26&ContentID=31022">"Workplace Discrimination: Gender Identity or Expression"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a></i>. 2004. 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SAGE Publications: 465–490. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0891243206288077">10.1177/0891243206288077</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0891-2432">0891-2432</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144778992">144778992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gender+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Just+One+of+the+Guys%3F&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=465-490&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144778992%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0891-2432&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0891243206288077&rft.aulast=Schilt&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TyraTGR-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TyraTGR_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrykerWhittle2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Stryker" title="Susan Stryker">Stryker, Susan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Whittle" title="Stephen Whittle">Whittle, Stephen</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HBRR1isU-VAC"><i>The Transgender Studies Reader</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94709-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94709-1"><bdi>978-0-415-94709-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203112813/https://books.google.com/books?id=HBRR1isU-VAC">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transgender+Studies+Reader&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-94709-1&rft.aulast=Stryker&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Whittle%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHBRR1isU-VAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brevard-2011-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brevard-2011_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brevard-2011_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brevard-2011_115-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brevard-2011_115-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrevard2011" class="citation book cs1">Brevard, Aleshia (19 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bd9PkUb2XR0C"><i>Woman I Was Not Born To Be: A Transsexual Journey</i></a>. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4399-0527-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4399-0527-2"><bdi>978-1-4399-0527-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/884015871">884015871</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026083804/https://books.google.com/books?id=Bd9PkUb2XR0C">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woman+I+Was+Not+Born+To+Be%3A+A+Transsexual+Journey&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2011-01-19&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F884015871&rft.isbn=978-1-4399-0527-2&rft.aulast=Brevard&rft.aufirst=Aleshia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBd9PkUb2XR0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0108087/">Aleshia Brevard</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForman2021" class="citation web cs1">Forman, Ross (27 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chicago.gopride.com/news/article.cfm/articleid/113469904">"Chicago Performer Mimi Marks Reflects on Her Award-Winning Career"</a>. <i>Go Pride</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421022909/https://chicago.gopride.com/news/article.cfm/articleid/113469904">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Go+Pride&rft.atitle=Chicago+Performer+Mimi+Marks+Reflects+on+Her+Award-Winning+Career&rft.date=2021-01-27&rft.aulast=Forman&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchicago.gopride.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%2Farticleid%2F113469904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewton2012" class="citation news cs1">Newton, Paula (21 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/19/showbiz/canada-miss-universe-transgender/index.html">"Transgender Miss Universe Canada contestant falls short of title"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211131/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/19/showbiz/canada-miss-universe-transgender/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Transgender+Miss+Universe+Canada+contestant+falls+short+of+title&rft.date=2012-05-21&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2012%2F05%2F19%2Fshowbiz%2Fcanada-miss-universe-transgender%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennettsmith2013" class="citation news cs1">Bennettsmith, Meredith (11 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/11/kylan-arianna-wenzel-transgender-miss-california_n_2457523.html">"Transgender Miss California Contestant Set To Make History"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203011706/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/11/kylan-arianna-wenzel-transgender-miss-california_n_2457523.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Transgender+Miss+California+Contestant+Set+To+Make+History&rft.date=2013-01-11&rft.aulast=Bennettsmith&rft.aufirst=Meredith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2013%2F01%2F11%2Fkylan-arianna-wenzel-transgender-miss-california_n_2457523.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150912052919/http://lgbtweekly.com/2013/01/11/transgender-woman-to-compete-in-miss-california-usa-pageant/">"Transgender woman to compete in Miss California USA pageant"</a>. LGBT Weekly. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lgbtweekly.com/2013/01/11/transgender-woman-to-compete-in-miss-california-usa-pageant">the original</a> on 12 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transgender+woman+to+compete+in+Miss+California+USA+pageant&rft.pub=LGBT+Weekly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flgbtweekly.com%2F2013%2F01%2F11%2Ftransgender-woman-to-compete-in-miss-california-usa-pageant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin1966" class="citation book cs1">Benjamin, Harry (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eYNozQEACAAJ"><i>The Transsexual Phenomenon</i></a>. 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Beacon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-7951-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-7951-5"><bdi>978-0-8070-7951-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38732343">38732343</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trans+Liberation+%3A+Beyond+Pink+or+Blue&rft.pub=Beacon+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38732343&rft.isbn=978-0-8070-7951-5&rft.aulast=Feinberg&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpath.org/media/cms/Documents/SOC%20v7/SOC%20V7_English2012.pdf">Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). 7. <a href="/wiki/World_Professional_Association_for_Transgender_Health" title="World Professional Association for Transgender Health">World Professional Association for Transgender Health</a>. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220511200339/https://www.wpath.org/media/cms/Documents/SOC%20v7/SOC%20V7_English2012.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Standards+of+Care+for+the+Health+of+Transsexual%2C+Transgender%2C+and+Gender-Nonconforming+People&rft.series=7&rft.pub=World+Professional+Association+for+Transgender+Health&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpath.org%2Fmedia%2Fcms%2FDocuments%2FSOC%2520v7%2FSOC%2520V7_English2012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKruijverZhouPoolHofman2000" class="citation journal cs1">Kruijver, Frank P. M.; Zhou, Jiang-Ning; Pool, Chris W.; Hofman, Michel A.; Gooren, Louis J. G.; Swaab, Dick F. (1 May 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/85/5/2034">"Male-to-Female Transsexuals Have Female Neuron Numbers in a Limbic Nucleus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Clinical_Endocrinology_and_Metabolism" title="The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism">The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism</a></i>. <b>85</b> (5). <a href="/wiki/The_Endocrine_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="The Endocrine Society">The Endocrine Society</a>: 2034–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1210%2Fjcem.85.5.6564">10.1210/jcem.85.5.6564</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-972X">0021-972X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10843193">10843193</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206172047/http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/85/5/2034">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Clinical+Endocrinology+and+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Male-to-Female+Transsexuals+Have+Female+Neuron+Numbers+in+a+Limbic+Nucleus&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=2034-41&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft.issn=0021-972X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10843193&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1210%2Fjcem.85.5.6564&rft.aulast=Kruijver&rft.aufirst=Frank+P.+M.&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Jiang-Ning&rft.au=Pool%2C+Chris+W.&rft.au=Hofman%2C+Michel+A.&rft.au=Gooren%2C+Louis+J.+G.&rft.au=Swaab%2C+Dick+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjcem.endojournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F85%2F5%2F2034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRathusJeffery_S._Nevid,_Lois_Fichner-Rathus2002" class="citation book cs1">Rathus, Spencer A.; Jeffery S. Nevid, Lois Fichner-Rathus (2002). <i>Human Sexuality in a World of Diversity</i>. Allyn & Bacon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-205-40615-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-205-40615-9"><bdi>978-0-205-40615-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/55502508">55502508</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Sexuality+in+a+World+of+Diversity&rft.pub=Allyn+%26+Bacon&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F55502508&rft.isbn=978-0-205-40615-9&rft.aulast=Rathus&rft.aufirst=Spencer+A.&rft.au=Jeffery+S.+Nevid%2C+Lois+Fichner-Rathus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchreiber2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schreiber, Gerhard (2016). <i>Transsexuality in Theology and Neuroscience. Findings, Controversies, and Perspectives</i> (in German). Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-044080-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-044080-5"><bdi>978-3-11-044080-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/962412457">962412457</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transsexuality+in+Theology+and+Neuroscience.+Findings%2C+Controversies%2C+and+Perspectives&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F962412457&rft.isbn=978-3-11-044080-5&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPepper2008" class="citation journal cs1">Pepper, Shanti M.; Lorah, Peggy (2008). "Career Issues and Workplace Considerations for the Transsexual Community: Bridging a Gap of Knowledge for Career Counselors and Mental Health Care Providers". <i>The Career Development Quarterly</i>. <b>56</b> (4). Wiley: 330–343. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.2161-0045.2008.tb00098.x">10.1002/j.2161-0045.2008.tb00098.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0889-4019">0889-4019</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/219546491">219546491</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Career+Development+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Career+Issues+and+Workplace+Considerations+for+the+Transsexual+Community%3A+Bridging+a+Gap+of+Knowledge+for+Career+Counselors+and+Mental+Health+Care+Providers&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=330-343&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.2161-0045.2008.tb00098.x&rft.issn=0889-4019&rft.aulast=Pepper&rft.aufirst=Shanti+M.&rft.au=Lorah%2C+Peggy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATranssexual" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105222132" class="extiw" title="d:Q105222132">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F64.0">F64.0</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014189">D014189</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001527.htm">001527</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/transsexual" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/transsexual">transsexual</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614121350/http://www.wpath.org/publications_ijt.cfm">The International Journal of Transgenderism</a> – The Official Journal of the <a href="/wiki/World_Professional_Association_for_Transgender_Health" title="World Professional Association for Transgender Health">World Professional Association for Transgender Health</a> (formerly HBIGDA). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010709083555/http://www.symposion.com/ijt/">An archive of IJT Volumes I through V</a> is available, as are <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010804031026/http://www.symposion.com/ijt/books/index.htm">several books on transsexualism</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Harry_Benjamin" title="Harry Benjamin">Harry Benjamin</a>'s <i>The Transsexual Phenomenon</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gender_and_sexual_identities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gender_and_sexual_identities" title="Template:Gender and sexual identities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gender_and_sexual_identities" title="Template talk:Gender and sexual identities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gender_and_sexual_identities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gender and sexual identities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gender_and_sexual_identities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">sexual</a> identities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender<br />identities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Genders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man" title="Man">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman" title="Woman">Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny#Gender_identity" title="Androgyny">Androgyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boi_(slang)" title="Boi (slang)">Boi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dresser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femboy" title="Femboy">Femboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_bender" title="Gender bender">Gender bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_fluidity" title="Gender fluidity">Gender fluidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality" title="Gender neutrality">Gender neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_variance" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender variance">Gender variance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculine_of_center" title="Masculine of center">Masculine of center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary / genderqueer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akava%27ine" title="Akava'ine">Akava'ine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_man" title="Trans man">Trans man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">Trans woman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fakaleit%C4%AB" title="Fakaleitī">Fakaleitī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak_nyah" title="Mak nyah">Mak nyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rae-rae" title="Rae-rae">Rae-rae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Transsexual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third genders</a><br />and sexes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgynos" title="Androgynos">Androgynos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apwint" title="Apwint">Apwint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakla" title="Bakla">Bakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binabinaaine" title="Binabinaaine">Binabinaaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_Bugis_society" title="Gender in Bugis society">Bugis genders</a> <ul><li>Bissu</li> <li>Calabai</li> <li>Calalai</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibados" title="Chibados">Chibados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enaree" title="Enaree">Enaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">Eunuch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galli" title="Galli">Galli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa%27afafine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fa'afafine">Fa'afafine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakafifine" title="Fakafifine">Fakafifine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femminiello" title="Femminiello">Femminiello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCevedoce" title="Güevedoce">Güevedoce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathoey" title="Kathoey">Kathoey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%A7ek" title="Köçek">Köçek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koekchuch" title="Koekchuch">Koekchuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhamana" title="Lhamana">Lhamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81h%C5%AB" title="Māhū">Māhū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudoko_dako" title="Mudoko dako">Mudoko dako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhannathun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukhannathun">Mukhannathun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muxe" title="Muxe">Muxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1dleehi" title="Nádleehi">Nádleehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullo_(body_modification)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nullo (body modification)">Nullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palopa" title="Palopa">Palopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipiniq" title="Sipiniq">Sipiniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Sworn virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">Travesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumtum_(Judaism)" title="Tumtum (Judaism)">Tumtum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakasalewalewa" title="Vakasalewalewa">Vakasalewalewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkte" title="Winkte">Winkte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-gender" title="X-gender">X-gender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual<br />orientation<br />identities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">Bisexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexuality" title="Heterosexuality">Heterosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Alternative labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjee" title="Banjee">Banjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi-curious" title="Bi-curious">Bi-curious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-gay_movement" title="Ex-gay movement">Ex-gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-ex-gay" title="Ex-ex-gay">Ex-ex-gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_men" title="Gay men">Gay men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_asexuality" title="Gray asexuality">Gray asexual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demisexuality" title="Demisexuality">Demisexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteroflexibility" title="Heteroflexibility">Heteroflexible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanith" title="Khanith">Khanith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-heterosexual" title="Non-heterosexual">Non-heterosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pansexuality" title="Pansexuality">Pansexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polysexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Polysexuality">Polysexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questioning_(sexuality_and_gender)" title="Questioning (sexuality and gender)">Questioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same_gender_loving" title="Same gender loving">Same gender loving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takat%C4%81pui" title="Takatāpui">Takatāpui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Social aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sociosexuality" title="Sociosexuality">Sociosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisexualism" title="Antisexualism">Antisexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asociality" title="Asociality">Asociality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosociality" title="Homosociality">Homosociality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosociality" title="Heterosociality">Heterosociality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achillean" title="Achillean">Achillean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allosexuality" title="Allosexuality">Allosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analloeroticism" title="Analloeroticism">Analloeroticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androphilia_and_gynephilia" title="Androphilia and gynephilia">Androphilia and gynephilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanticism" title="Aromanticism">Aromanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attraction_to_transgender_people" title="Attraction to transgender people">Attraction to transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinsey_scale" title="Kinsey scale">Kinsey scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monosexuality" title="Monosexuality">Monosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurisexuality" title="Plurisexuality">Plurisexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_orientation" title="Romantic orientation">Romantic orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphism" title="Sapphism">Sapphism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Gender assignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_as_a_biological_variable" title="Sex as a biological variable">Sex as a biological variable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex%E2%80%93gender_distinction" title="Sex–gender distinction">Sex–gender distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_gender_identity-based_cultures" title="Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures">Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_archaeology" title="Transgender archaeology">Transgender archaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transgender_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transgender_topics" title="Template:Transgender topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transgender_topics" title="Template talk:Transgender topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transgender_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transgender topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transgender_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_transgender_topics" title="Outline of transgender topics">topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity"><span class="wrap">Gender identities</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny#Gender_identity" title="Androgyny">Androgyne</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_Bugis_society" title="Gender in Bugis society">Bissu, Calabai, Calalai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Burrnesha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_bender" title="Gender bender">Gender bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary or genderqueer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_fluidity" title="Gender fluidity">Gender fluidity</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kathoey" title="Kathoey">Kathoey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koekchuch" title="Koekchuch">Koekchuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third gender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakla" title="Bakla">Bakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBafafine" title="Faʻafafine">Faʻafafine</a></li> <li><span title="Neapolitan-language text"><i lang="nap"><a href="/wiki/Femminiello" title="Femminiello">Femminiello</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanith" title="Khanith">Khanith</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81h%C5%AB" title="Māhū">Māhū</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudoko_dako" title="Mudoko dako">Mudoko dako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhannath" title="Mukhannath">Mukhannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muxe" title="Muxe">Muxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">Travesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winkte" title="Winkte">Winkte</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-gender" title="X-gender">X-gender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_man" title="Trans man">Trans man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">Trans woman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fakaleit%C4%AB" title="Fakaleitī">Fakaleitī</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mak_nyah" title="Mak nyah">Mak nyah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rae-rae" title="Rae-rae">Rae-rae</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_youth" title="Transgender youth">Youth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akava%27ine" title="Akava'ine">Akava'ine</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Transsexual</li></ul></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_health_care" title="Transgender health care">Health care</a> and medicine</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_dysphoria" title="Gender dysphoria">Gender dysphoria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_dysphoria_in_children" title="Gender dysphoria in children">in children</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puberty_blocker" title="Puberty blocker">Puberty blocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_hormone_therapy" title="Gender-affirming hormone therapy">Hormone therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminizing_hormone_therapy" title="Feminizing hormone therapy">feminizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculinizing_hormone_therapy" title="Masculinizing hormone therapy">masculinizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_transgender_hormone_therapy" title="DIY transgender hormone therapy">DIY</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery" title="Gender-affirming surgery">Surgery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery_(male-to-female)" title="Gender-affirming surgery (male-to-female)">to female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-affirming_surgery_(female-to-male)" title="Gender-affirming surgery (female-to-male)">to male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_gender-affirming_healthcare" title="Legal status of gender-affirming healthcare">Legal status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_pregnancy" title="Transgender pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights">Rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_self-identification" title="Gender self-identification">Gender self-identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_gender" title="Legal gender">Legal gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_non-binary_gender" title="Legal recognition of non-binary gender">Legal recognition of non-binary gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">Legal status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_movement" title="Transgender rights movement">Rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender-rights_organizations" title="List of transgender-rights organizations">Rights organizations</a></li> <li>Toilets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom_bill" title="Bathroom bill">bathroom bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_public_toilet" title="Unisex public toilet">unisex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Discrimination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Against non-binary people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Against transgender men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism">Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary radical feminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_asylum_seekers" title="Transgender asylum seekers">Asylum seekers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgenderism" title="Cisgenderism">Cisgenderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_inequality" title="Transgender inequality">Inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_in_prison#Transgender_issues" title="LGBTQ people in prison">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_genocide" title="Transgender genocide">genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_panic_defense" title="Gay panic defense">trans panic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="wrap">Society and culture</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_transgender_anatomy" title="Terminology of transgender anatomy">Anatomical terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A5haj" title="Blåhaj">Blåhaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_transgender_people" title="Christianity and transgender people">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ-related films</a></li> <li>Events <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Awareness_Week" title="Transgender Awareness Week">Awareness Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Transgender Day of Remembrance">Day of Remembrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Transgender_Day_of_Visibility" title="International Transgender Day of Visibility">Day of Visibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_march" title="Trans march">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Non-Binary_People%27s_Day" title="International Non-Binary People's Day">Non-binary People's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_events#Worldwide" title="List of LGBTQ events">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_flag" title="Transgender flag">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history" title="Transgender history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayals_of_transgender_people" title="Media portrayals of transgender people">Media portrayals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_trans_characters" title="List of fictional trans characters">fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feature_films_with_transgender_characters" title="List of feature films with transgender characters">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_people" title="List of transgender people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_pornography" title="Transgender pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_publications" title="List of transgender publications">Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_sexuality" title="Transgender sexuality">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_sports" title="Transgender people in sports">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_ice_hockey" title="Transgender people in ice hockey">ice hockey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_youth" title="Transgender youth">Youth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_transgender_topics" title="Outline of transgender topics">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory and<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Androphilia_and_gynephilia" title="Androphilia and gynephilia">Androphilia and gynephilia</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanchard%27s_transsexualism_typology" title="Blanchard's transsexualism typology">Blanchard's typology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_gender_nonconformity" title="Childhood gender nonconformity">Childhood gender nonconformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender / cissexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Detransition" title="Detransition">Gender detransitioning</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_expression" title="Gender expression">Gender expression</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gender_transition" title="Gender transition">Gender transitioning</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_nonconformity" title="Gender nonconformity">Gender nonconformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questioning_(sexuality_and_gender)" title="Questioning (sexuality and gender)">Gender-sexuality questioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid-onset_gender_dysphoria_controversy" title="Rapid-onset gender dysphoria controversy">Rapid-onset dysphoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_studies" title="Transgender studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Transfeminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_transgender_topics" title="Feminist views on transgender topics">views</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmedicalism" title="Transmedicalism">Transmedicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history" title="Transgender history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_transgender_people_in_Argentina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of transgender people in Argentina (page does not exist)">Argentina</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_transg%C3%A9nero_en_Argentina" class="extiw" title="es:Historia transgénero en Argentina">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Brazil" title="Transgender history in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Chile">Chile</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_trans_en_Chile" class="extiw" title="es:Historia trans en Chile">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Finland" title="Transgender history in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transgender_people_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="History of transgender people in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transgender_people_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="History of transgender people in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender history in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transgender_people_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="History of transgender people in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transgender history in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender history in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_legal_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender legal history in the United States">legal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_China" title="Transgender people in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_ancient_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender people in ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transgender_people_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transgender people in France (page does not exist)">France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transidentit%C3%A9_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Transidentité en France">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Transgender people in Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_South_Korea" title="Transgender people in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_Singapore" title="Transgender people in Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights">Rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Argentina" title="Transgender rights in Argentina">Argentina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Identity_Law_(Argentina)" title="Gender Identity Law (Argentina)">2012 law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diana_Sacay%C3%A1n_Law_-_Lohana_Berkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diana Sacayán Law - Lohana Berkins (page does not exist)">2021 law</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_Diana_Sacay%C3%A1n_-_Lohana_Berkins" class="extiw" title="es:Ley Diana Sacayán - Lohana Berkins">es</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Australia" title="Transgender rights in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Re_Kevin_%E2%80%93_validity_of_marriage_of_transsexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Re Kevin – validity of marriage of transsexual">re Kevin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bolivia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gender_Identity_Law_(Bolivia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gender Identity Law (Bolivia) (page does not exist)">2016 law</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_de_identidad_de_g%C3%A9nero_(Bolivia)" class="extiw" title="es:Ley de identidad de género (Bolivia)">es</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Brazil" title="Transgender rights in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Canada" title="Transgender rights in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_to_amend_the_Canadian_Human_Rights_Act_and_the_Criminal_Code" title="An Act to amend the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Criminal Code">2016 bill C-16</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chile <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gender_Identity_Law_(Chile)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gender Identity Law (Chile) (page does not exist)">2018 law</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_de_identidad_de_g%C3%A9nero_(Chile)" class="extiw" title="es:Ley de identidad de género (Chile)">es</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Germany" title="Transgender rights in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Transgender_Persons_Bill,_2014" title="Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014">2014 Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Persons_(Protection_of_Rights)_Act,_2019" title="Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019">2019 Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kerala" title="LGBT rights in Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="LGBT rights in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Iran" title="Transgender rights in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Ireland" title="Transgender rights in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_New_Zealand" title="Transgender rights in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Persons_(Protection_of_Rights)_Bill,_2017" title="Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2017">2017 bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Persons_(Protection_of_Rights)_Act,_2018" title="Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018">2018 Act</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Africa <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alteration_of_Sex_Description_and_Sex_Status_Act,_2003" title="Alteration of Sex Description and Sex Status Act, 2003">2003 Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_in_South_Korea" title="Transgender people in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ley_Trans" title="Ley Trans">2022 law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transgender rights in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Act_2004" title="Gender Recognition Act 2004">2004 act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender rights in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_legal_history_in_the_United_States" title="Transgender legal history in the United States">legal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity_under_Title_IX" title="Gender identity under Title IX">title IX</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uruguay <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comprehensive_Law_for_Trans_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comprehensive Law for Trans People (page does not exist)">2018 law</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_Integral_para_Personas_Trans" class="extiw" title="es:Ley Integral para Personas Trans">es</a>]</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_political_office-holders" title="List of transgender political office-holders">Political<br /> office-holders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transgender_public_officeholders_in_the_United_States" title="List of transgender public officeholders in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex" title="Sex">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex%E2%80%93gender_distinction" title="Sex–gender distinction">Sex–gender distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_transgender_topics" title="Outline of transgender topics">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_transgender_history" title="Timeline of transgender history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transgender_topics" title="Category:Transgender topics">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal_Transgender.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/16px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/24px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Portal_Transgender.svg/32px-Portal_Transgender.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="117" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transgender" title="Portal:Transgender">Transgender portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LGBTQ_topics" style="text-align:center;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBTQ" title="Template:LGBTQ"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBTQ" title="Template talk:LGBTQ"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="LGBTQ_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_LGBTQ_topics" title="Outline of LGBTQ topics">LGBTQ topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="*_Academic_fields_*_Discourse" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_academic_disciplines" title="Outline of academic disciplines">Academic fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discourse" title="Discourse">Discourse</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_and_the_LGBTQ_community" title="Education and the LGBTQ community">LGBTQ topics in education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_linguistics" title="LGBTQ linguistics">Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_literature" title="LGBTQ literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gay_literature" title="Gay literature">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_literature" title="Lesbian literature">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_literature" title="Transgender literature">Transgender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_psychology" title="LGBTQ psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_studies" title="Queer studies">Queer studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_theory" title="Queer theory">Queer theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Transfeminism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="*_Community_*_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_community" title="LGBTQ community">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture" title="LGBTQ culture">Culture</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gay_anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay anthem">Anthems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_awards" title="List of LGBTQ-related awards">Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_literary_awards" title="List of LGBTQ literary awards">Literary</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bar" title="Gay bar">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_bar" title="Lesbian bar">Lesbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexual_community" title="Bisexual community">Bisexual community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ-owned_business" title="LGBTQ-owned business">Businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">Coming out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_community_centre" title="LGBTQ community centre">Community centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drag_king" title="Drag king">Drag king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_queen" title="Drag queen">Drag queen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_events" title="List of LGBTQ events">Events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_awareness_periods" title="List of LGBTQ awareness periods">Awareness periods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_film_festivals" title="List of LGBTQ film festivals">Film festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_village" title="Gay village">Gay village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay-friendly" title="Gay-friendly">Gay-friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_icon" title="Gay icon">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_literature" title="LGBTQ literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_music" title="LGBTQ music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ%2B_media" title="LGBTQ+ media">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_LGBT-related_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of LGBT-related films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New queer cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_periodicals" title="List of LGBTQ periodicals">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_LGBTQ_people" title="Media portrayal of LGBTQ people">Portrayal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_organizations_and_conferences" title="List of LGBTQ-related organizations and conferences">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_LGBTQ_people" title="Lists of LGBTQ people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pets_and_the_LGBTQ_community" title="Pets and the LGBTQ community">Pets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_(LGBTQ_culture)" title="Pride (LGBTQ culture)">Pride</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Month" title="Pride Month">Pride Month</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">Pride parade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queerplatonic_relationship" title="Queerplatonic relationship">Queerplatonic relationships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_religious_groups" title="LGBT-affirming religious groups">Religious groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gay_Rodeo_Association" title="International Gay Rodeo Association">Rodeos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_relationship" title="Same-sex relationship">Same-sex relationships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_slang" title="LGBTQ slang">Slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_slogans" title="LGBTQ slogans">Slogans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_modern_sports" title="Homosexuality in modern sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takat%C4%81pui" title="Takatāpui">Takatāpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_theatre" title="LGBTQ theatre">Theatre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_theatre_companies" title="List of LGBTQ theatre companies">Companies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_tourism" title="LGBTQ tourism">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_symbols" title="LGBTQ symbols">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_triangle_(badge)" title="Black triangle (badge)">Black triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaysper" title="Gaysper">Gaysper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrys" title="Labrys">Labrys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda" title="Lambda">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_triangle" title="Pink triangle">Pink triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_plaque" title="Rainbow plaque">Rainbow plaque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pride_flag" title="Pride flag">Pride flags</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromantic_flag" title="Aromantic flag">Aromantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asexual_flag" title="Asexual flag">Asexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_flag_(gay_culture)" title="Bear flag (gay culture)">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexual_flag" title="Bisexual flag">Bisexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_flag_of_South_Africa" title="Gay flag of South Africa">Gay flag of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_men%27s_flags" title="Gay men's flags">Gay men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_flag" title="Intersex flag">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather_pride_flag" title="Leather pride flag">Leather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_flags" title="Lesbian flags">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_flag" title="Non-binary flag">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pansexual_flag" title="Pansexual flag">Pansexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_flag_(LGBT)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainbow flag (LGBT)">Rainbow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_crossing" title="Rainbow crossing">Rainbow crossing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_flag" title="Transgender flag">Transgender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="*_Gender_identities_*_Sexual_identities_*_Sexual_diversities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">Sexual diversities</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Gender_identity" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny" title="Androgyny">Androgyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boi_(slang)" title="Boi (slang)">Boi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_bender" title="Gender bender">Gender bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_nonconformity" title="Gender nonconformity">Gender nonconformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanith" title="Khanith">Khanith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man" title="Man">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary / genderqueer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theyby" title="Theyby">Theyby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akava%27ine" title="Akava'ine">Akava'ine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_man" title="Trans man">Trans man</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Transsexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">Trans woman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mak_nyah" title="Mak nyah">Mak nyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman" title="Woman">Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womxn" title="Womxn">Womxn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womyn" title="Womyn">Womyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenogender" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenogender">Xenogender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third sex / Third gender</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakla" title="Bakla">Bakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Balkan sworn virgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bissu">Bissu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBafafine" title="Faʻafafine">Faʻafafine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakaleit%C4%AB" title="Fakaleitī">Fakaleitī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femminiello" title="Femminiello">Femminiello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathoey" title="Kathoey">Kathoey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%A7ek" title="Köçek">Köçek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81h%C5%AB" title="Māhū">Māhū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhannath" title="Mukhannath">Mukhannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muxe" title="Muxe">Muxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">Travesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkte" title="Winkte">Winkte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sexual_orientations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">Bisexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanticism" title="Aromanticism">Aromanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_asexuality" title="Gray asexuality">Gray asexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demisexuality" title="Demisexuality">Demisexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attraction_to_transgender_people" title="Attraction to transgender people">Attraction to transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjee" title="Banjee">Banjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi-curious" title="Bi-curious">Bi-curious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_men" title="Gay men">Gay men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteroflexibility" title="Heteroflexibility">Heteroflexible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monosexuality" title="Monosexuality">Monosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-heterosexual" title="Non-heterosexual">Non-heterosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pansexuality" title="Pansexuality">Pansexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questioning_(sexuality_and_gender)" title="Questioning (sexuality and gender)">Questioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_orientation" title="Romantic orientation">Romantic orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same_gender_loving" title="Same gender loving">Same gender loving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_minority" title="Sexual minority">Sexual minority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_(gender_identity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom (gender identity)">Tom</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dee_(gender_identity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dee (gender identity)">Dee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_acronyms" title="List of LGBTQ acronyms">Acronyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detransition" title="Detransition">Detransition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effeminacy" title="Effeminacy">Effeminacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_target_location_error" title="Erotic target location error">Erotic target location error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-gay_movement" title="Ex-gay movement">Ex-gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-ex-gay" title="Ex-ex-gay">Ex-ex-gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">Gender and sexual diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Gender assignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_expression" title="Gender expression">Gender expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality" title="Gender neutrality">Gender neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_transition" title="Gender transition">Gender transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_and_the_LGBTQ_community" title="Healthcare and the LGBTQ community">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_medical_organizations" title="List of LGBTQ medical organizations">Organizations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">Hermaphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_female_sexuality" title="Human female sexuality">Human female sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">Human male sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Androgynos" title="Androgynos">Androgynos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tumtum_(Judaism)" title="Tumtum (Judaism)">Tumtum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">Legal status of transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">Men who have sex with men</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sexual_practices_between_men" title="Sexual practices between men">Sexual practices between men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex%E2%80%93gender_distinction" title="Sex–gender distinction">Sex–gender distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_gender_identity-based_cultures" title="Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures">Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_ally" title="Straight ally">Straight ally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomboy" title="Tomboy">Tomboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_health_care" title="Transgender health care">Transgender health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_who_have_sex_with_women" title="Women who have sex with women">Women who have sex with women</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sexual_practices_between_women" title="Sexual practices between women">Sexual practices between women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history" title="LGBTQ history">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history" title="LGBTQ history">LGBTQ history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_homosexuality" title="History of homosexuality">History of homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_gay_men_in_the_United_States" title="History of gay men in the United States">History of gay men in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_lesbianism" title="History of lesbianism">History of lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history">LGBTQ history timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_migration" title="LGBT migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">Social movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_student_movement" title="LGBTQ student movement">Students</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="History of Christianity and homosexuality">History of Christianity and homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_same-sex_unions" title="History of same-sex unions">History of same-sex unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pederasty" title="Pederasty">Pederasty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_history" title="Category:LGBTQ history">Category:LGBTQ history</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-modern era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelphopoiesis" title="Adelphopoiesis">Adelphopoiesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Homosexuality in ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Greece" title="Homosexuality in ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_pre-Columbian_Peru" title="Homosexuality in pre-Columbian Peru">pre-Columbian Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Rome" title="Homosexuality in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_medieval_Europe" title="Homosexuality in medieval Europe">Medieval Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th to <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_19th_century" title="LGBT rights in the 19th century">19th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molly_house" title="Molly house">Molly house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_377" title="Section 377">Section 377</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_homosexual_movement" title="First homosexual movement">First homosexual movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBT_history,_20th_century" title="Timeline of LGBT history, 20th century">20th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dance_of_the_Forty-One" title="Dance of the Forty-One">Dance of the Forty-One</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft" title="Institut für Sexualwissenschaft">Institut für Sexualwissenschaft</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany">Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_scandal" title="Cadet scandal">Cadet scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Legislative_Investigation_Committee" title="Florida Legislative Investigation Committee">Florida Legislative Investigation Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_queen" title="Sea queen">Sea queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton%27s_Cafeteria_riot" title="Compton's Cafeteria riot">Compton's Cafeteria riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_riots" title="Stonewall riots">Stonewall riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Liberation_Front" title="Gay Liberation Front">Gay Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handkerchief_code" title="Handkerchief code">Handkerchief code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Gay_Liberation_Front_1971_Festival_of_Light_action" title="UK Gay Liberation Front 1971 Festival of Light action">Festival of Light action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Night_riots" title="White Night riots">White Night riots</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Front_homosexuel_d%27action_r%C3%A9volutionnaire" title="Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire">Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977%E2%80%931980_Florida_orange_juice_boycott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1977–1980 Florida orange juice boycott (page does not exist)">Florida orange juice boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Soap" title="Operation Soap">Operation Soap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS">Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACT_UP" title="ACT UP">ACT UP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_28" title="Section 28">Section 28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasty_nightclub_raid" title="Tasty nightclub raid">Tasty nightclub raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Abanicos_police_raid" title="Bar Abanicos police raid">Bar Abanicos police raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history,_21st_century" title="Timeline of LGBTQ history, 21st century">21st century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Timeline of same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_v._Texas" title="Lawrence v. Texas">Lawrence v. Texas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_anti-LGBT_law" title="Russian anti-LGBT law">Russian anti-LGBT law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Homosexuality_Act,_2014" title="Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014">Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_wave" title="Rainbow wave">Rainbow wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Night" title="Rainbow Night">Rainbow Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="*_Rights_and_legal_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">Rights and legal issues</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory" title="LGBTQ rights by country or territory">LGBTQ rights by country or territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Americas">Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_articles_by_region" title="List of LGBTQ rights articles by region">List of LGBTQ rights articles by region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LGBTQ rights topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_LGBT_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship of LGBT issues">Censorship of LGBT issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">Civil unions and partnerships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Criminalization of homosexuality">Criminalization of homosexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_homosexuality" title="Decriminalization of homosexuality">decriminalization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_and_military_service" title="LGBT people and military service">Military service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_parenting" title="Same-sex parenting">Same-sex parenting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">Adoption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_assisted_reproductive_technology_by_LGBT_people" title="Use of assisted reproductive technology by LGBT people">Assisted reproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage" title="Timeline of same-sex marriage">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_same-sex_married_couples" title="List of same-sex married couples">List of couples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialism and LGBT rights">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_transgender_people" title="Legal status of transgender people">Legal status of transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_movement" title="Transgender rights movement">Transgender rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQI%2B_rights_at_the_United_Nations" title="LGBTQI+ rights at the United Nations">United Nations</a>/<a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_La_Francophonie" title="LGBT rights in La Francophonie">La Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">LGBTQ rights movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homophile_movement" title="Homophile movement">Homophile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">Gay liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_organizations" title="List of LGBTQ rights organizations">LGBTQ rights groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_activists" title="List of LGBTQ rights activists">LGBTQ rights activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_capitalism" title="Rainbow capitalism">Rainbow capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_nationalism" title="Queer nationalism">Separatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gay_separatism" title="Gay separatism">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_separatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbian separatism">Lesbian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="Sexual_orientation_—_Medicine,_science_and_sexology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a> — Medicine, science and sexology</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autism_and_LGBTQ_identities" title="Autism and LGBTQ identities">Autism and LGBTQ identities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biology_and_sexual_orientation" title="Biology and sexual orientation">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternal_birth_order_and_male_sexual_orientation" title="Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation">Birth order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_sexual_orientation" title="Demographics of sexual orientation">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_LGBTQ_identities" title="Disability and LGBTQ identities">Disability and LGBTQ identities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_and_sexual_orientation" title="Environment and sexual orientation">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_psychology" title="Homosexuality and psychology">Homosexuality and psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_the_DSM" title="Homosexuality in the DSM">Homosexuality in the DSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinsey_scale" title="Kinsey scale">Kinsey scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klein_Sexual_Orientation_Grid" title="Klein Sexual Orientation Grid">Klein Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_and_sexual_orientation" title="Neuroscience and sexual orientation">Neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_hormones_and_sexual_orientation" title="Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation">Prenatal hormones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_inversion_(sexology)" title="Sexual inversion (sexology)">Sexual inversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual orientation identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_sexual_orientation_and_medicine" title="Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine">Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;;background:lavender;"><div id="*_Societal_attitudes_*_Prejudice_*_Violence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality" title="Societal attitudes toward homosexuality">Societal attitudes</a></li> <li>Prejudice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">Violence</a></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality" title="Societal attitudes toward homosexuality">Societal attitudes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteropatriarchy" title="Heteropatriarchy">Heteropatriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonationalism" title="Homonationalism">Homonationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinkwashing_(LGBTQ)" title="Pinkwashing (LGBTQ)">Pinkwashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_panic_defense" title="Gay panic defense">Gay panic defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_opposition" title="LGBTQ rights opposition">LGBTQ rights opposition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_stereotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT stereotypes">LGBT stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suicides_of_LGBTQ_people" title="List of suicides of LGBTQ people">Suicides of LGBTQ people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_among_LGBTQ_youth" title="Suicide among LGBTQ youth">Suicide among LGBTQ youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_monuments_and_memorials" title="Category:LGBTQ monuments and memorials">Monuments and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queerbaiting" title="Queerbaiting">Queerbaiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_religion" title="Transgender people and religion">Transgender people and religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prejudice and discrimination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_grooming_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT grooming conspiracy theory">Grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_homophobia" title="Liberal homophobia">Liberal homophobia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_lesbians" title="Discrimination against lesbians">Discrimination against lesbians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Discrimination against non-binary people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_LGBT_community" title="Racism in the LGBT community">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddle_scale" title="Riddle scale">Riddle scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">Violence against LGBTQ people</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_violence_against_LGBT_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom">History of violence in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_violence_against_LGBTQ_people_in_the_United_States" title="History of violence against LGBTQ people in the United States">History of violence in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany">Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="List of acts of violence against LGBTQ people">Acts of violence against LGBTQ people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Stop Murder Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Violence against transgender people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">Unlawfully killed transgender people</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:lavender; color:black;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/16px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/24px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/32px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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