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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alpina_B7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Alpina B7</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alpina_B7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-530_MLE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#530_MLE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>530 MLE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-530_MLE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Model_year_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Model_year_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Model year changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Model_year_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_American_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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</li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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title="BMW E12 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="BMW E12" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5._seeria_(E12)" title="BMW 5. seeria (E12) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="BMW 5. seeria (E12)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E12" title="BMW E12 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="BMW E12" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_S%C3%A9rie_5_(E12)" title="BMW Série 5 (E12) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="BMW Série 5 (E12)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_Seri_5_(E12)" title="BMW Seri 5 (E12) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="BMW Seri 5 (E12)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E12" title="BMW E12 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="BMW E12" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E12" title="BMW E12 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="BMW E12" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E12" title="BMW E12 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="BMW E12" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E12" title="BMW E12 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="BMW E12" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_S%C3%A9rie_5_(E12)" title="BMW Série 5 (E12) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="BMW Série 5 (E12)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E12" title="BMW E12 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="BMW E12" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5-sarja_(E12)" title="BMW 5-sarja (E12) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="BMW 5-sarja (E12)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E12" title="BMW E12 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="BMW E12" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_Serisi_(E12)" title="BMW 5 Serisi (E12) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="BMW 5 Serisi (E12)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_5_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97_(E12)" title="BMW 5 Серії (E12) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="BMW 5 Серії (E12)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_E12" title="BMW E12 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="BMW E12" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q796444#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E12)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Motor vehicle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C0C0C0; padding:0.25em 1em; text-align:center;">BMW 5 Series (E12)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_525_(3538948081).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/BMW_525_%283538948081%29.jpg/280px-BMW_525_%283538948081%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/BMW_525_%283538948081%29.jpg/420px-BMW_525_%283538948081%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/BMW_525_%283538948081%29.jpg/560px-BMW_525_%283538948081%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3315" data-file-height="2033" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production</th><td class="infobox-data">1972–1981</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Model_year" title="Model year">Model years</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1972–1981</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Assembly</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>West Germany: <a href="/wiki/BMW_Group_Plant_Dingolfing" title="BMW Group Plant Dingolfing">Dingolfing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></li><li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Rosslyn,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosslyn, Gauteng">Rosslyn</a></li><li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> (Gaya Motor)</li><li>Thailand</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Designer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bracq" title="Paul Bracq">Paul Bracq</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Gandini" title="Marcello Gandini">Marcello Gandini</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Body and chassis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Car_classification" title="Car classification">Class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Executive_car" title="Executive car">Executive car</a> (<a href="/wiki/E-segment" title="E-segment">E</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Car_body_style" title="Car body style">Body style</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4-door <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedan (car)">sedan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">FR layout</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(E24)" title="BMW 6 Series (E24)">BMW 6 Series (E24)</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Powertrain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">Engine</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">Petrol</a></b>:<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1.8-2.0 L <i><a href="/wiki/BMW_M10" title="BMW M10">M10</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Straight-four_engine" title="Straight-four engine">I4</a></li><li>2.0 L <i><a href="/wiki/BMW_M20" title="BMW M20">M20</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Straight-six_engine" title="Straight-six engine">I6</a></li><li>2.5-3.2 L <i><a href="/wiki/BMW_M30" title="BMW M30">M30</a></i> I6</li><li>3.5 L <i><a href="/wiki/BMW_M88" title="BMW M88">M90</a></i> I6</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanical_device)" title="Transmission (mechanical device)">Transmission</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>4-speed <a href="/wiki/Manual_transmission" title="Manual transmission">manual</a></li><li>5-speed <a href="/wiki/Manual_transmission" title="Manual transmission">manual</a></li><li>3-speed <a href="/wiki/Automatic_transmission" title="Automatic transmission">automatic</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Dimensions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Wheelbase" title="Wheelbase">Wheelbase</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,636 mm (103.8 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>4,620 mm (181.9 in)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">1,690 mm (66.5 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">1,425 mm (56.1 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Curb_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Curb weight">Curb weight</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,235–1,565 kg (2,722.7–3,450.2 lb)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Chronology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Class#New_Class_Sedans" title="BMW New Class">BMW New Class</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E28)" title="BMW 5 Series (E28)">BMW 5 Series (E28)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>BMW E12</b> is the first generation of <a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series" title="BMW 5 Series">5 Series</a> executive cars, which was produced from 1972 to 1981 and replaced the saloon models of the <a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Class#New_Class_Sedans" title="BMW New Class">BMW New Class</a> range. </p><p>Initial models were powered by inline-four engines, using either a carburettor or fuel-injection. A year after launch, the first model powered by a straight-six engine was introduced. By the final years of E12 production, most models used a straight-six engine. </p><p>There was no M5 model for the E12, however the E12 M535i is considered to be the predecessor to the M5. The <a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(E24)" title="BMW 6 Series (E24)">E24 6 Series</a> coupés were built on the E12 platform up until 1982. The E12 was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/BMW_E28" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW E28">E28 5 Series</a> in 1981, although the tools were sent to South Africa where E12 assembly continued (with E28 interiors) until 1984. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26-II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26-II.jpg/220px-2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26-II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26-II.jpg/330px-2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26-II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26-II.jpg/440px-2002ti-Garmisch_2019-05-26-II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3857" data-file-height="3141" /></a><figcaption>BMW 2200ti Garmisch</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2002ti-Garmisch_rear-side_2019-05-26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2002ti-Garmisch_rear-side_2019-05-26.jpg/220px-2002ti-Garmisch_rear-side_2019-05-26.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2002ti-Garmisch_rear-side_2019-05-26.jpg/330px-2002ti-Garmisch_rear-side_2019-05-26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2002ti-Garmisch_rear-side_2019-05-26.jpg/440px-2002ti-Garmisch_rear-side_2019-05-26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3486" data-file-height="2105" /></a><figcaption>BMW 2200ti Garmisch rear</figcaption></figure> <p>At the 1970 <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Motor_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Motor Show">Geneva Motor Show</a>, BMW unveiled the 2200ti Garmisch concept car, a 2-door saloon which was developed in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_Bertone" title="Gruppo Bertone">Bertone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2200ti Garmisch concept car was shown as a potential replacement for the New Class saloons and the eventual E12 production model utilized many design elements from the Garmisch.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Development of the E12-series had begun by the end of the 1960s, when wind tunnel tests were conducted.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_von_Kuenheim" title="Eberhard von Kuenheim">Eberhard von Kuenheim</a>, then chairman of BMW's supervisory board, hired French designer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bracq" title="Paul Bracq">Paul Bracq</a> in 1970 to work as the E12's Chief of design,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Gandini" title="Marcello Gandini">Marcello Gandini</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_Bertone" title="Gruppo Bertone">Bertone</a> as co-designers of the exterior.<sup id="cite_ref-BMWismDesigner_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMWismDesigner-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971, a road-legal E12 prototype, which looked similar to a <a href="/wiki/Fiat_132" title="Fiat 132">Fiat 132</a>, was made.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1971, Paul Bracq had finalised the E12's design, however, compared with the later series production E12, Bracq's design car had a more stretched, and dynamic appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Computers were used in BMW development for the first time to calculate front and rear <a href="/wiki/Crumple_zone" title="Crumple zone">crumple zones</a>; the roof was designed with a <a href="/wiki/Rollover_protection_structure" title="Rollover protection structure">rollover protection structure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider_13_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider_13-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The body has a <a href="/wiki/Drag_coefficient" title="Drag coefficient">drag coefficient</a> of 0.44.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider_201_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider_201-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BMW had previously located turn signal stalks on the right hand side of the steering wheels, and the E12 was their first model to have the stalk on the left side.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the E12 had been introduced, there were rumours that it would be available with both a 2.2 litre four-cylinder engine, and a small six-cylinder engine.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider_16_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider_16-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, BMW carried over the 2-litre four-cylinder <a href="/wiki/BMW_M10" title="BMW M10">M10 engines</a> from the <i>New Class</i> saloons, but modified the cylinder heads in order to improve combustion.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider_17_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider_17-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the introduction of the E12-series in 1972, BMW offered two models, the carburetted 520, which had a Stromberg <a href="/wiki/Carburetor#Constant_vacuum_carburetors" title="Carburetor">constant pressure carburettor</a>, and the manifold injected 520i, which came with a Kugelfischer PL 04 injection pump.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider_16_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider_16-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small six-cylinder model called "523" had been developed, but was never put into series production.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider_15_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider_15-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, the small six-cylinder model "520" was put into production in 1977, but in a 2-litre version rather than a 2.3 litre version.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider_201_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider_201-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally, four-cylinder cars have a bonnet with a sunken central portion whereas on six-cylinder cars this section is raised. The leading edge of the bonnet was flat. After the August 1976 facelift all models featured the same bonnet, with a narrow raised central section reaching all the way forward and wrapping around the "kidneys". M30-engined cars can be identified by the grille having a chrome surround. </p><p>To meet Sweden's unique and stringent emissions standards, a fuel injected version of the 528 was developed and entered production in June 1977. Called the 528i, this was successful enough that it replaced the 528 in most markets.<sup id="cite_ref-AB80_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB80-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_E12_520i,_rear_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rear view, until 1976"><img alt="Rear view, until 1976" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/BMW_E12_520i%2C_rear_%28cropped%29.jpg/210px-BMW_E12_520i%2C_rear_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/BMW_E12_520i%2C_rear_%28cropped%29.jpg/315px-BMW_E12_520i%2C_rear_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/BMW_E12_520i%2C_rear_%28cropped%29.jpg/420px-BMW_E12_520i%2C_rear_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="749" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rear view, until 1976</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW520_1978_white.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rear view, after facelift"><img alt="Rear view, after facelift" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/BMW520_1978_white.jpg/220px-BMW520_1978_white.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/BMW520_1978_white.jpg/330px-BMW520_1978_white.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/BMW520_1978_white.jpg/440px-BMW520_1978_white.jpg 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rear view, after facelift</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_E12_Interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior"><img alt="Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/BMW_E12_Interior.jpg/210px-BMW_E12_Interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/BMW_E12_Interior.jpg/315px-BMW_E12_Interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/BMW_E12_Interior.jpg/420px-BMW_E12_Interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Engines">Engines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Model</th> <th>Engine</th> <th>Power</th> <th>Torque</th> <th>Years </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>518</b></td> <td>1.8 L <a href="/wiki/BMW_M10#M118" title="BMW M10">M10</a> <br /> straight-4</td> <td>66 kW (90 PS) <br /> at 5,500 rpm</td> <td>143 N⋅m (105 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 3,500 rpm</td> <td>1974–1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>520</b></td> <td>2.0 L <a href="/wiki/BMW_M10#M17" title="BMW M10">M10</a> <br /> straight-4</td> <td>85 kW (115 PS) <br /> at 5,800 rpm</td> <td>165 N⋅m (122 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 3,700 rpm</td> <td>1972–1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b>520i</b></td> <td rowspan="2">2.0 L <a href="/wiki/BMW_M10#M64" title="BMW M10">M10</a> <br /> straight-4</td> <td>96 kW (130 PS) <br /> at 5,800 rpm</td> <td>178 N⋅m (131 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 4,500 rpm</td> <td>1972–1975 </td></tr> <tr> <td>92 kW (125 PS) <br /> at 5,700 rpm</td> <td>172 N⋅m (127 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 4,350 rpm</td> <td>1975–1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>520/6</b></td> <td>2.0 L <a href="/wiki/BMW_M20#M20B20" title="BMW M20">M20</a> <br /> straight-6</td> <td>90 kW (122 PS) <br /> at 6,000 rpm</td> <td>160 N⋅m (118 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 4,000 rpm</td> <td>1976–1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b>525</b></td> <td rowspan="2">2.5 L <a href="/wiki/BMW_M30#M30B25" title="BMW M30">M30</a> <br /> straight-6</td> <td>107 kW (145 PS) <br /> at 6,000 rpm</td> <td>211 N⋅m (156 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 3,700 rpm</td> <td>1973–1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td>110 kW (150 PS) <br /> at 5,800 rpm</td> <td>208 N⋅m (153 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 4,000 rpm</td> <td>1976–1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b>528</b></td> <td rowspan="2">2.8 L <a href="/wiki/BMW_M30#M30B28" title="BMW M30">M30</a> <br /> straight-6</td> <td>121 kW (165 PS) <br /> at 5,800 rpm</td> <td>234 N⋅m (173 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 4,000 rpm</td> <td>1974–1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td>125 kW (170 PS) <br /> at 5,800 rpm</td> <td>234 N⋅m (173 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 4,000 rpm</td> <td>1976–1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><b>528i</b></td> <td rowspan="4">2.8 L <a href="/wiki/BMW_M30#M30B28" title="BMW M30">M30</a> <br /> straight-6</td> <td>130 kW (177 PS) <br /> at 5,800 rpm<sup id="cite_ref-AB80_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB80-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>246 N⋅m (181 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 4,500 rpm</td> <td>1977–1981 <br /> (Sweden) </td></tr> <tr> <td>129 kW (175 PS) <br /> at 5,800 rpm</td> <td>235 N⋅m (173 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 4,300 rpm</td> <td>1977–1978 <br /> (US only) </td></tr> <tr> <td>126 kW (171 PS) <br /> at 5,600 rpm</td> <td>230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 4,500 rpm</td> <td>1979–1981 <br /> (US only) </td></tr> <tr> <td>135 kW (184 PS) <br /> at 5,800 rpm</td> <td>235 N⋅m (173 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 4,200 rpm</td> <td>1978–1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>530</b></td> <td rowspan="3">3.0 L <a href="/wiki/BMW_M30#M30B30" title="BMW M30">M30</a> <br /> straight-6</td> <td>130 kW (177 PS) <br /> at 5,800 rpm</td> <td>250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 3,500 rpm</td> <td>1975–1978 <br /> (South Africa only) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>530i</b></td> <td>131 kW (178 PS) <br /> at 5,500 rpm</td> <td>251 N⋅m (185 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 4,500 rpm</td> <td>1975–1978 <br /> (US only) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>530 MLE</b></td> <td>147 kW (200 PS) <br /> at 5,800 rpm</td> <td>251 N⋅m (185 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 3,500 rpm</td> <td>1976 <br /> (South Africa only) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>533i</b></td> <td>3.2 L <a href="/wiki/BMW_M30#M30B32" title="BMW M30">M30</a> <br /> straight-6</td> <td>147 kW (200 PS) <br /> at 5,500 rpm</td> <td>290 N⋅m (214 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 4,250 rpm</td> <td>1974–1979<sup id="cite_ref-e12.de_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e12.de-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>M535i</b></td> <td>3.5 L <a href="/wiki/BMW_M88" title="BMW M88">M90</a> <br /> straight-6</td> <td>160 kW (218 PS) <br /> at 5,200 rpm</td> <td>310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft) <br /> at 4,000 rpm</td> <td>1980–1981 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_Engine_M10.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/BMW_Engine_M10.JPG/220px-BMW_Engine_M10.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/BMW_Engine_M10.JPG/330px-BMW_Engine_M10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/BMW_Engine_M10.JPG/440px-BMW_Engine_M10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>M10 inline-four engine</figcaption></figure> <p>The data above are manufacturer claims.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Power and torque data is measured according to the German Standard <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#DIN" title="Horsepower">DIN 70020</a>. </p><p>The 518, 520 and 520i models were fitted with the 1.8 L and 2.0 L <a href="/wiki/BMW_M10" title="BMW M10">M10</a> inline-four engines, as per the previous <a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Class#New_Class_Sedans" title="BMW New Class">New Class saloons</a>. The 525, 528, 530, 530i and 533i models were fitted with <a href="/wiki/BMW_M30" title="BMW M30">M30</a> straight-six engines, as used in the <a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Six" title="BMW New Six">New Six</a> large saloons and <a href="/wiki/BMW_E9" title="BMW E9">E9</a> coupés. The 520, and 523 (the latter was developed, but never put into series production), use the <a href="/wiki/BMW_M20" title="BMW M20">M20</a> straight-six engine. </p><p>The 518 had its fuel supplied by a <a href="/wiki/Solex_Carburetor" class="mw-redirect" title="Solex Carburetor">Solex</a> 32/32 DIDTA <a href="/wiki/Carburetor" title="Carburetor">carburetor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the initial 520 model (powered by the M10 inline-four engine) used twin Stromberg 175CDET carburettors.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The straight-six engine 525 and 528 models used dual <a href="/wiki/Zenith_Carburettor_Company_(British)" title="Zenith Carburettor Company (British)">Zenith</a> INAT two-barrel carburettors up until the 1976 facelift.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The straight-six 520 used a Solex 4A1 carburettor.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider_45_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider_45-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fuel-injected models have the letter <i>i</i> at the end of their model designation. The 520i used the <a href="/wiki/Kugelfischer" title="Kugelfischer">Kugelfischer</a> mechanical fuel injection system from the <a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Class#2000" title="BMW New Class">2000tii</a> and <a href="/wiki/BMW_02_Series#2002" title="BMW 02 Series">2002tii</a> until 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1975, it was fitted with a mechanical continuous Bosch <a href="/wiki/K-Jetronic" class="mw-redirect" title="K-Jetronic">K-Jetronic</a> port injection.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider_42_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider_42-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 518i (only sold in Sweden and Japan), 528i, and 530i (only sold in the US and Japan) have a <a href="/wiki/Jetronic" title="Jetronic">Bosch L-Jetronic</a> port injection.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider_201_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider_201-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suspension">Suspension</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Suspension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The BMW E12 has a self-supporting body, a longitudinally mounted front engine, and rear-wheel drive. All four wheels are suspended independently. The front wheels have <a href="/wiki/MacPherson_strut" title="MacPherson strut">MacPherson struts</a> with coil springs, hydraulic shock absorbers, and transverse control arms. The rear axle has <a href="/wiki/Semi-trailing_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-trailing arm">semi-trailing arms</a> with coil springs, and hydraulic shock absorbers. Models with a power output of 125 PS (92 kW) or more have an additional sway bar on the rear axle. All models except the M535i have 14-inch steel alloy wheels with a wheel-width of either 5.5 or 6 inches. Therefore, the tyre size is either 175 mm or 195 mm. All models use <a href="/wiki/Worm_and_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Worm and sector">worm and sector</a> steering, which is power assisted from the 528 onwards. The braking system is a dual-circuit system with front disc brakes; on the rear wheels, 518/520/i models were fitted with drum brakes, all models from the 525 onwards have disc brakes.<sup id="cite_ref-Schneider_201_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider_201-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drivetrain">Drivetrain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Drivetrain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 4-speed manual transmission options consisted of:<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Getrag 242 4-speed (for M10/M20/M30 engine models)</li> <li>Getrag 262 4-speed (M30 engine)</li> <li>ZF S4-18/3 4-speed (M30 engine)</li></ul> <p>The 5-speed manual transmission options consisted of: </p> <ul><li>Getrag 235 5-speed (M10 engine)</li> <li>Getrag 245 5-speed (M10/M20 engines)</li> <li>Getrag 265 5-speed (M30 engine)</li></ul> <p>The automatic transmission options—all 3-speed transmissions—consisted of: </p> <ul><li>ZF 3HP12 (M10 engine)</li> <li>ZF 3HP20 (M30 engine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZF_3HP22_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="ZF 3HP22 transmission">ZF 3HP22</a> (M20/M30 engines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BorgWarner" title="BorgWarner">BorgWarner</a> BW65 (M30 engine)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_models">Special models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Special models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the Belgian and Greek markets, there was a BMW 518 Deluxe version. One thousand of these cars were sold in 1979–1980. This was a BMW 518 equipped as the 528i top model with additional luxury items such as headrests on the back seats. It was rumored that this special version was produced for the Iranian government, as a car for top officials under the shah's rule. Due to the Iranian revolution these cars were never delivered. Instead, they have been sold as a special version in Belgium and Greece. </p><p>The Portuguese market also received nearly 700 CKD units due to the local regulations that demanded a certain number of vehicles sold in Portugal to be locally assembled. </p><p>For the Swedish market the complete BMW 5 range was not offered, due to local emissions regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-AB76_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB76-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the early E12 the models BMW 518, BMW 520, BMW 520i, and BMW 525 were offered - with the BMW 528 missing. The series 2 range of was reduced to three models: BMW 518i, BMW 520i and BMW 528i.<sup id="cite_ref-AB80_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB80-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 528i became available as a result of Switzerland having adopted the same emissions rules, making it worthwhile to develop such a version. Unique to the Swedish market were a BMW 518i and a BMW 520i, fitted with the identical 2 litre engine, but the BMW 518i receiving poorer equipment. The BMW 520i was fitted with chromed wheel rings and a locking fuel cap. It was also fitted with head restraints in the rear, an armrest in the middle of the rear bench, steering wheel height adjustment, seat height adjustment for the drivers seat, a wooden shifter knob, and a rear heater.<sup id="cite_ref-AB80_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB80-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorsport_versions">Motorsport versions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Motorsport versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in 1974, <a href="/wiki/BMW_M" title="BMW M">BMW M</a> (then called 'BMW Motorsport') offered the <i>Motorsport 530</i>, <i>Motorsport 530i</i> and <i>Motorsport 533i</i> as special order upgrades for the 525, 528 and 528i models. The Motorsport 530 used the carburetted 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) engine from the <a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Six" title="BMW New Six">BMW 3.0S</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Motorsport 530i<sup id="cite_ref-530i_Motorsport_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-530i_Motorsport-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> used the fuel-injected 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) engine from the <a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Six" title="BMW New Six">BMW 3.0Si</a> and the Motorsport 533i<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> used the injected 3.2-liter engine from the <a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(E24)#633CSi" title="BMW 6 Series (E24)">E24 633CSi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-M_Registry_FAQ_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M_Registry_FAQ-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other modifications were a shorter differential ratio of (3.45:1 for the 530 and 3.25:1 for the 530i),<sup id="cite_ref-530i_Motorsport_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-530i_Motorsport-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a 25% LSD, vented disc brakes, <a href="/wiki/Bilstein_Shock_Absorbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilstein Shock Absorbers">Bilstein shock absorbers</a>, Scheel or <a href="/wiki/Recaro" title="Recaro">Recaro</a> sports seats, a sports steering wheel, alloy wheels on lower profile tyres, and optional front and rear spoilers.<sup id="cite_ref-M_Registry_FAQ_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M_Registry_FAQ-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, the similar <i>Motorsport 535i</i> package was available for the 525i/528i model, consisting of the 3.5L engine from the <a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(E24)#635CSi" title="BMW 6 Series (E24)">E24 635CSi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M535i">M535i</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: M535i"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:535_BMW_Cernobbio_2022-05-22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/535_BMW_Cernobbio_2022-05-22.jpg/220px-535_BMW_Cernobbio_2022-05-22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/535_BMW_Cernobbio_2022-05-22.jpg/330px-535_BMW_Cernobbio_2022-05-22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/535_BMW_Cernobbio_2022-05-22.jpg/440px-535_BMW_Cernobbio_2022-05-22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5136" data-file-height="3272" /></a><figcaption>M535i model at <a href="/wiki/Concorso_d%27Eleganza_Villa_d%27Este" title="Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este">Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este</a>, Villa Erba 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>The first M-badged 5 Series was the M535i,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which began production in 1980. The M535i is powered by the 3.5 L (214 cu in) <a href="/wiki/BMW_M88#M90" title="BMW M88">M90</a> straight-six engine which produces 160 kW (215 bhp). The sole gearbox choice is a 5-speed manual and 1,650 M535i cars were produced (including 240 CKD for South Africa).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Features include optional front and rear spoilers, optional M-striping, sports suspension, <a href="/wiki/Recaro" title="Recaro">Recaro</a> sport seats, the steering wheel from the <a href="/wiki/BMW_M1" title="BMW M1">BMW M1</a>, a dogleg close-ratio transmission, a limited-slip differential and larger brakes.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The M535i is considered to be the predecessor to the <a href="/wiki/BMW_M5" title="BMW M5">BMW M5</a> model, which has been produced since the E28 generation.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alpina_B7">Alpina B7</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Alpina B7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_E12_B7_S_turbo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/BMW_E12_B7_S_turbo.jpg/220px-BMW_E12_B7_S_turbo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/BMW_E12_B7_S_turbo.jpg/330px-BMW_E12_B7_S_turbo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/BMW_E12_B7_S_turbo.jpg/440px-BMW_E12_B7_S_turbo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3487" data-file-height="1701" /></a><figcaption>Alpina B7 S Turbo</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Alpina" title="Alpina">Alpina</a> <i>B7 Turbo</i> and <i>B7 S Turbo</i> were based on the E12. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="530_MLE">530 MLE</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 530 MLE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In South Africa, the 530 MLE was produced as a homologation special for racing, with 218 cars produced.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine is a 3.0 L (183 cu in) <a href="/wiki/BMW_M30" title="BMW M30">M30</a>, producing 132 kW (177 bhp).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant weight reduction measures were undertaken, included body panels made from aluminium or thinner steel.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Model_year_changes">Model year changes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Model year changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1974</b> </p> <ul><li>518 and 528 models introduced,<sup id="cite_ref-automobile-cat_1977_528_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-automobile-cat_1977_528-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ultimatespecs_1974_528_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ultimatespecs_1974_528-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> producing 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) and 121 kW (165 PS; 162 hp) respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 89">: 89 </span></sup>. Motorsport upgrades available as special order in 530, 530i or 533i guise.<sup id="cite_ref-e12.de_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e12.de-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>1975</b> </p> <ul><li>On the 520i model, Kugelfischer injection was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Jetronic" title="Jetronic">Bosch K Jetronic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>1976 facelift</b> </p><p>With the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/BMW_E23" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW E23">E23 7 Series</a>, the E12 received a <a href="/wiki/Facelift_(automotive)" title="Facelift (automotive)">facelift</a> in September 1976. The styling was overseen by Claus Luthe.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rear-mounted gasoline filler door was relocated to the side of the car and the taillights were widened. The <a href="/wiki/Bonnet_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonnet (car)">hood</a> was redesigned to a give a 'power bulge' which accentuated the BMW kidney grille, and the dashboard ventilation was repositioned to improve air distribution. </p><p>As part of the facelift, the 520 model switched from the M10 inline-four engine to the <a href="/wiki/BMW_M20" title="BMW M20">BMW M20</a> straight-six engine, with the post-facelift 520 model often referred to as the 520/6. However, the M10 engine continued to be used in South Africa, due to local content laws. Even after the M20 entered local production in 1979, the 2.0-litre M10 continued to be available with "518" badges in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-whatsnew_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whatsnew-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other markets the only inline-four M10 post-facelift model available was the 1.8-litre 518 which carried on as the base model until the end of production. </p><p>For the 525 and 528 models, the dual <a href="/wiki/Zenith_Carburettor_Company_(British)" title="Zenith Carburettor Company (British)">Zenith</a> carburettors were replaced with a single <a href="/wiki/Solex_Carburetor" class="mw-redirect" title="Solex Carburetor">Solex</a> 4A1 DVG four-barrel,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which increased power to 125 kW (170 PS; 168 hp) in the 528.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 25">: 25 </span></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 729px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 162px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pre-facelift front until 1976 (four-cylinder)"><img alt="Pre-facelift front until 1976 (four-cylinder)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg/200px-Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg/300px-Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg/400px-Bmw_e12_v_sst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="582" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pre-facelift front <br />until 1976 (four-cylinder)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 162px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_528_(E12)_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht,_22._August_2013,_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pre-facelift front (six-cylinder)"><img alt="Pre-facelift front (six-cylinder)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/BMW_528_%28E12%29_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht%2C_22._August_2013%2C_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/200px-BMW_528_%28E12%29_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht%2C_22._August_2013%2C_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/BMW_528_%28E12%29_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht%2C_22._August_2013%2C_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/300px-BMW_528_%28E12%29_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht%2C_22._August_2013%2C_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/BMW_528_%28E12%29_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht%2C_22._August_2013%2C_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/400px-BMW_528_%28E12%29_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht%2C_22._August_2013%2C_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3157" data-file-height="1580" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pre-facelift front (six-cylinder)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 162px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW_528_(E12)_%E2%80%93_Heckansicht,_22._August_2013,_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pre-facelift rear"><img alt="Pre-facelift rear" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BMW_528_%28E12%29_%E2%80%93_Heckansicht%2C_22._August_2013%2C_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/200px-BMW_528_%28E12%29_%E2%80%93_Heckansicht%2C_22._August_2013%2C_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BMW_528_%28E12%29_%E2%80%93_Heckansicht%2C_22._August_2013%2C_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/300px-BMW_528_%28E12%29_%E2%80%93_Heckansicht%2C_22._August_2013%2C_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BMW_528_%28E12%29_%E2%80%93_Heckansicht%2C_22._August_2013%2C_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/400px-BMW_528_%28E12%29_%E2%80%93_Heckansicht%2C_22._August_2013%2C_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3204" data-file-height="1506" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pre-facelift rear</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 162px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW-E12-Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Post-facelift front"><img alt="Post-facelift front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/BMW-E12-Front.jpg/200px-BMW-E12-Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/BMW-E12-Front.jpg/300px-BMW-E12-Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/BMW-E12-Front.jpg/400px-BMW-E12-Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1887" data-file-height="1246" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Post-facelift front</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 162px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW-E12-Heck.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Post-facelift rear"><img alt="Post-facelift rear" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BMW-E12-Heck.jpg/198px-BMW-E12-Heck.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BMW-E12-Heck.jpg/297px-BMW-E12-Heck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/BMW-E12-Heck.jpg/396px-BMW-E12-Heck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Post-facelift rear</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 162px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BMW-E12-Interieur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior Post-facelift 1976"><img alt="Interior Post-facelift 1976" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BMW-E12-Interieur.jpg/198px-BMW-E12-Interieur.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BMW-E12-Interieur.jpg/297px-BMW-E12-Interieur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BMW-E12-Interieur.jpg/396px-BMW-E12-Interieur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior Post-facelift 1976</div> </li> </ul> <p><b>1978</b> </p> <ul><li>The 528i model, using Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection, begins production in July<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a replacement for the carburetted 528 which was discontinued in September 1977.</li></ul> <p><b>1979</b> </p> <ul><li>535i Motorsport available as special order only<sup id="cite_ref-e12.de_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e12.de-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>1980</b> </p> <ul><li>M535i model introduced</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_American_models">North American models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: North American models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially, the only model sold in the United States was the 530i, which was powered by a fuel-injected straight-six engine. Changes for American-market E12s include lower compression pistons, <a href="/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation" title="Exhaust gas recirculation">exhaust gas recirculation</a>, an air pump and modified exhaust manifolds called Thermal Reactors.<sup id="cite_ref-BG79_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BG79-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The North American E12 models had larger bumpers (designed to withstand a 5 mph (8.0 km/h) collision without body damage), which increased the overall length by 206 mm (8.1 in). </p><p>For the 1979 model year, the 528i replaced the 530i.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To reduce emissions, the thermal reactor and air pump system were replaced with a 3-way <a href="/wiki/Catalytic_converter" title="Catalytic converter">catalytic converter</a> and the car's Bosch L-jetronic fuel injection system was now fitted with an exhaust gas <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_sensor" title="Oxygen sensor">oxygen sensor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Power was reduced by 5 kW (7 bhp), and the presence of the catalytic converter meant that unleaded gasoline (petrol) was required.<sup id="cite_ref-BG79_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BG79-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_African_models">South African models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: South African models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In South Africa, the E12 was introduced in March 1974, imported fully knocked-down and assembled in Rosslyn by BMW South Africa with a separate VIN number (starting with ABM). The facelift model arrived a bit later than in Europe, in February 1977. Only a limited range of engines were available, to minimize costs and to help meet local parts requirements, with most engine options being the carburetted versions.<sup id="cite_ref-UTBMWZA_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UTBMWZA-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spite of <a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_from_South_Africa" title="Disinvestment from South Africa">widespread sanctions</a>, locally built E12s also saw some export, the 520 being sent to Argentina and the 518 De Luxe to Belgium, Iran, and Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-UTBMWZA_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UTBMWZA-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To keep costs down, BMW chose to continue building the E12 in South Africa after the E28 had been introduced elsewhere, with the body now pressed and manufactured locally. Called the E12/8, this model received the new E28 interior and all fuel injected engines, tuned with fuel economy in mind. At the exterior, it received a chrome strip around the entire front grille. This model continued to be manufactured until September 1985, after which the next generation was finally introduced to South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-UTBMWZA_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UTBMWZA-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, 23,100 of the E12/8 were built; the models offered were the 518i, 520i, 528i, and M535i.<sup id="cite_ref-UTE12prod_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UTE12prod-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Critical reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While being commended for its acceleration and build-quality, <i>Modern Motor</i> criticised the 1978 528i for unpredictable handling and excessive body roll.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steering corrections during cornering meant the car's body "lurches back annoyingly and messily", in part due to the soft springing and hard damping combination. In comparison to the <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_XJ6" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaguar XJ6">Jaguar XJ6</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peugeot_604" title="Peugeot 604">Peugeot 604</a>, the car was viewed as narrow and cramped in the rear and prone to wind noise.<sup id="cite_ref-Car_nov_1975_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Car_nov_1975-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Production of the E12 occurred from June 1972 to 1981,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a total of 699,094 cars produced.<sup id="cite_ref-DeAutos45bis90Oswald_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeAutos45bis90Oswald-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, the cars were produced in Munich, West Germany. Following the opening of the new <a href="/wiki/BMW_Group_Plant_Dingolfing" title="BMW Group Plant Dingolfing">BMW Group Plant Dingolfing</a> in September 1973, production was phased over to the Dingolfing plant.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Complete_knock-down" class="mw-redirect" title="Complete knock-down">Complete knock-down</a> assembly of German-produced kits took place in <a href="/wiki/Rosslyn,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosslyn, Gauteng">Rosslyn, South Africa</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta, Indonesia">Jakarta, Indonesia</a> (by Gaya Motor);<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Thailand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bimmerin.net/articles/rare-BMW-concepts-from-the-sixties.php">"Rare BMW concepts from the sixties"</a>. <i>www.bimmerin.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bimmerin.net&rft.atitle=Rare+BMW+concepts+from+the+sixties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbimmerin.net%2Farticles%2Frare-BMW-concepts-from-the-sixties.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasef" class="citation web cs1">Wasef, Basem. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motortrend.com/vehicle-genres/bmw-garmisch-coupe-concept-retro-photos/">"BMW Just Reincarnated a Long-Lost, 50-Year-Old Concept Car"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BMW+Just+Reincarnated+a+Long-Lost%2C+50-Year-Old+Concept+Car&rft.aulast=Wasef&rft.aufirst=Basem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motortrend.com%2Fvehicle-genres%2Fbmw-garmisch-coupe-concept-retro-photos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="HJS" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schneider, Hans J. (2007), <i>BMW 5er – Technik + Typen, Modelle bis 1997</i> [<i>BMW 5 Series - Specifications and versions up to 1997</i>] (in German), Bielefeld, Germany, p. 8, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7688-5789-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7688-5789-5"><bdi>978-3-7688-5789-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BMW+5er+%E2%80%93+Technik+%2B+Typen%2C+Modelle+bis+1997&rft.place=Bielefeld%2C+Germany&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-7688-5789-5&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Hans+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorbye1984" class="citation book cs1">Norbye, Jan P. (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bmwbavariasdrivi00norb/page/209">"Expanding on Excellence: The 5-Series and 3-Series"</a></span>. <i>BMW - Bavaria's Driving Machines</i>. Skokie, IL: Publications International. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bmwbavariasdrivi00norb/page/209">209</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-42464-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-42464-3"><bdi>978-0-517-42464-3</bdi></a>. <q>Dimensionally, the 5 Series differed only slightly from its New Class predecessors, but Paul Bracq's modern, stylish four-door body was far less boxy in appearance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Expanding+on+Excellence%3A+The+5-Series+and+3-Series&rft.btitle=BMW+-+Bavaria%27s+Driving+Machines&rft.place=Skokie%2C+IL&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Publications+International&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-517-42464-3&rft.aulast=Norbye&rft.aufirst=Jan+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbmwbavariasdrivi00norb%2Fpage%2F209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carscoops.com/2014/12/legendary-car-designer-paul-bracq.html">"Legendary Car Designer Paul Bracq Remembers His BMW Years"</a>. <i>www.carscoops.com</i>. 2014-12-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.carscoops.com&rft.atitle=Legendary+Car+Designer+Paul+Bracq+Remembers+His+BMW+Years&rft.date=2014-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carscoops.com%2F2014%2F12%2Flegendary-car-designer-paul-bracq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/classic-cars/videos/a32082/the-first-5-series-is-a-fantastic-classic/">"The First 5 Series Changed It All for BMW"</a>. <i>www.roadandtrack.com</i>. 2016-12-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.roadandtrack.com&rft.atitle=The+First+5+Series+Changed+It+All+for+BMW&rft.date=2016-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadandtrack.com%2Fcar-culture%2Fclassic-cars%2Fvideos%2Fa32082%2Fthe-first-5-series-is-a-fantastic-classic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMWismDesigner-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BMWismDesigner_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121018184007/http://www.bmwism.com/bmws_designers.htm">"BMW Car Designers"</a>. <i>www.bmwism.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmwism.com/bmws_designers.htm">the original</a> on 18 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bmwism.com&rft.atitle=BMW+Car+Designers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmwism.com%2Fbmws_designers.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.curbsideclassic.com/uncategorized/automotive-history-the-cars-of-claus-luthe/">"Automotive History: The Cars Of Claus Luthe"</a>. <i>www.curbsideclassic.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.curbsideclassic.com&rft.atitle=Automotive+History%3A+The+Cars+Of+Claus+Luthe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.curbsideclassic.com%2Funcategorized%2Fautomotive-history-the-cars-of-claus-luthe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#HJS">Schneider</a>, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#HJS">Schneider</a>, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schneider_13-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schneider_13_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#HJS">Schneider</a>, p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schneider_201-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schneider_201_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schneider_201_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schneider_201_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schneider_201_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#HJS">Schneider</a>, p. 201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realoem.com/bmw/en/showparts?id=3451-EUR-06-1973-E9-BMW-30CSL&diagId=61_1154">"2.5CS-3.0CSL 3.0CSL Switch"</a>. <i>www.realoem.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.realoem.com&rft.atitle=2.5CS-3.0CSL+3.0CSL+Switch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realoem.com%2Fbmw%2Fen%2Fshowparts%3Fid%3D3451-EUR-06-1973-E9-BMW-30CSL%26diagId%3D61_1154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realoem.com/bmw/en/showparts?id=3711-EUR-02-1972-E12-BMW-520&diagId=61_0690">"5' E12 520 Steering column switch"</a>. <i>www.realoem.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.realoem.com&rft.atitle=5%27+E12+520+Steering+column+switch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realoem.com%2Fbmw%2Fen%2Fshowparts%3Fid%3D3711-EUR-02-1972-E12-BMW-520%26diagId%3D61_0690&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schneider_16-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schneider_16_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schneider_16_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#HJS">Schneider</a>, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schneider_17-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schneider_17_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#HJS">Schneider</a>, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schneider_15-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schneider_15_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#HJS">Schneider</a>, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AB80-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AB80_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AB80_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AB80_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AB80_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBjörklund" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Björklund, Stig (ed.), <i>Alla Bilar -80</i> [<i>All Cars 1980</i>] (in Swedish), Stockholm, Sweden: Specialtidningsförlaget AB, p. 45, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-7274-093-0" title="Special:BookSources/91-7274-093-0"><bdi>91-7274-093-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alla+Bilar+-80&rft.place=Stockholm%2C+Sweden&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Specialtidningsf%C3%B6rlaget+AB&rft.isbn=91-7274-093-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e12.de-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e12.de_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e12.de_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e12.de_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e12.de/palette/m/02650l10.htm">"www.e12.de®"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=www.e12.de%C2%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe12.de%2Fpalette%2Fm%2F02650l10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Models table data sources: <ul><li>Werner Oswald: <i>Deutsche Autos 1945-1990</i>, vol. 4. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-613-02131-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-613-02131-5">3-613-02131-5</a>, p. 226-231</li> <li>Mike Covello: <i>Standard Catalog of Imported Cars 1946-2002</i>. Krause Publications, Iola 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87341-605-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87341-605-8">0-87341-605-8</a>, p. 149-151.</li> <li><i>Automobil Revue</i>, catalogue edition 1979, p. 210.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3155591">Fahrzeugprospekt (brochure) 518 520 520i 525 528- 1977</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3272432">Betriebsanleitung (Owners manual) 518, 520, 525, 528, 520i- 1975</a>. p. 89,90</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=56386">"1974 BMW 518 E12"</a>. <i>www.carfolio.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.carfolio.com&rft.atitle=1974+BMW+518+E12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carfolio.com%2Fspecifications%2Fmodels%2Fcar%2F%3Fcar%3D56386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1975/170360/bmw_518.html">"1975 BMW 518 (model up to mid-year 1975 for Europe ) specifications & performance data review"</a>. <i>www.automobile-catalog.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.automobile-catalog.com&rft.atitle=1975+BMW+518+%28model+up+to+mid-year+1975+for+Europe+%29+specifications+%26+performance+data+review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.automobile-catalog.com%2Fcar%2F1975%2F170360%2Fbmw_518.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=56705">"1972 BMW 520 E12"</a>. <i>www.carfolio.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.carfolio.com&rft.atitle=1972+BMW+520+E12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carfolio.com%2Fspecifications%2Fmodels%2Fcar%2F%3Fcar%3D56705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1972/170495/bmw_520.html">"1972 BMW 520 (model since mid-year 1972 for Europe Australia ) specifications & performance data review"</a>. <i>www.automobile-catalog.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.automobile-catalog.com&rft.atitle=1972+BMW+520+%28model+since+mid-year+1972+for+Europe+Australia+%29+specifications+%26+performance+data+review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.automobile-catalog.com%2Fcar%2F1972%2F170495%2Fbmw_520.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=119383">"1973 BMW 525 E12"</a>. <i>www.carfolio.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.carfolio.com&rft.atitle=1973+BMW+525+E12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carfolio.com%2Fspecifications%2Fmodels%2Fcar%2F%3Fcar%3D119383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=271447">"BMW 528 Automatic, 1975 MY"</a>. <i>www.carfolio.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.carfolio.com&rft.atitle=BMW+528+Automatic%2C+1975+MY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carfolio.com%2Fspecifications%2Fmodels%2Fcar%2F%3Fcar%3D271447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schneider_45-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schneider_45_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#HJS">Schneider</a>, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realoem.com/bmw/en/part?id=3731-EUR-03-1972-E12-BMW-520i&mg=13&sg=15&diagId=13_0088&q=13511259882">"13511259882 Exch. INJECTION PUMP"</a>. <i>www.realoem.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.realoem.com&rft.atitle=13511259882+Exch.+INJECTION+PUMP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realoem.com%2Fbmw%2Fen%2Fpart%3Fid%3D3731-EUR-03-1972-E12-BMW-520i%26mg%3D13%26sg%3D15%26diagId%3D13_0088%26q%3D13511259882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schneider_42-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schneider_42_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#HJS">Schneider</a>, p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realoem.com/bmw/enUS/select?product=P&archive=1&series=E12&body=Lim">"5' E12 Model Selection"</a>. <i>www.realoem.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.realoem.com&rft.atitle=5%27+E12+Model+Selection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realoem.com%2Fbmw%2FenUS%2Fselect%3Fproduct%3DP%26archive%3D1%26series%3DE12%26body%3DLim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AB76-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AB76_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBjörklund" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Björklund, Stig (ed.), <i>Alla Bilar -76</i> [<i>All Cars 1976</i>] (in Swedish), Stockholm, Sweden: Specialtidningsförlaget AB, p. 18, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-7274-037-X" title="Special:BookSources/91-7274-037-X"><bdi>91-7274-037-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alla+Bilar+-76&rft.place=Stockholm%2C+Sweden&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Specialtidningsf%C3%B6rlaget+AB&rft.isbn=91-7274-037-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e12.de/palette/m/02650l20.htm">"BMW 530 Motorsport"</a>. <i>e12.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=e12.de&rft.atitle=BMW+530+Motorsport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe12.de%2Fpalette%2Fm%2F02650l20.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-530i_Motorsport-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-530i_Motorsport_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-530i_Motorsport_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e12.de/palette/m/02650l20.htm">"BMW 530i Motorsport"</a>. <i>e12.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=e12.de&rft.atitle=BMW+530i+Motorsport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe12.de%2Fpalette%2Fm%2F02650l20.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e12.de/palette/m/02650l20.htm">"BMW 533i Motorsport"</a>. <i>e12.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e12.de/ig/10601l20.htm">the original</a> on 2017-05-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.e12.de&rft.atitle=Section+E12+%28BMW+E12+and+E28+IG%29&rft.aulast=Thieme&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe12.de%2Fig%2F10601l20.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"BMW's 528i vs Holden's Kingswood [road test]", <i>Modern Motor</i>, p. 29, February 1978</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Motor&rft.atitle=BMW%27s+528i+vs+Holden%27s+Kingswood+%5Broad+test%5D&rft.pages=29&rft.date=1978-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABMW+5+Series+%28E12%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topgear.com/car-news/big-reads/driving-every-generation-bmw-5-series">"Driving Every Generation of the BMW 5 Series"</a>. <i>www.topgear.com</i>. 2017-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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colspan="10" width="20%">1980s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Microcar" title="Microcar">Microcar</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#7FFFD4"><a href="/wiki/Isetta" title="Isetta">Isetta 250, 300</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Supermini" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermini">Supermini</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_700" title="BMW 700">LS, 700</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Compact_executive_car" title="Compact executive car">Compact executive car</a> <span style="font-size:85%">(pre-<a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series" title="BMW 3 Series">3</a>/<a href="/wiki/BMW_4_Series" title="BMW 4 Series">4</a>-series)</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0" width="3%"><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="11" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_02_Series" title="BMW 02 Series">02 Series</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(E21)" title="BMW 3 Series (E21)">E21</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series_(E30)" title="BMW 3 Series (E30)">E30</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">Coupé</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFFACD"><a href="/wiki/Glas_GT" title="Glas GT">1600GT</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Executive_car" title="Executive car">Executive car</a> <span style="font-size:85%">(pre-<a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series" title="BMW 5 Series">5</a>/<a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series" title="BMW 6 Series">6</a>-series)</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="11" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Class" title="BMW New Class">New Class sedans</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">E12</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E28)" title="BMW 5 Series (E28)">E28</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_5_Series_(E34)" title="BMW 5 Series (E34)">E34</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">Coupé</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Class#New_Class_Coupés" title="BMW New Class">2000 C, 2000 CS</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_E9" title="BMW E9">E9</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(E24)" title="BMW 6 Series (E24)">E24</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">Luxury car</a> <span style="font-size:85%">(pre-<a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series" title="BMW 7 Series">7</a>/<a href="/wiki/BMW_8_Series" title="BMW 8 Series">8</a>-series)</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Sedan</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_501" title="BMW 501">501, 502</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_New_Six" title="BMW New Six">E3</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(E23)" title="BMW 7 Series (E23)">E23</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(E32)" title="BMW 7 Series (E32)">E32</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">Coupé</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3200_CS" title="BMW 3200 CS">3200 CS</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFFACD"><a href="/wiki/Glas_V8" title="Glas V8">3000 V8</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">Roadster</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW_Z1" title="BMW Z1">Z1</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">Sports car</a> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#AFEEEE"><a href="/wiki/BMW_M1" title="BMW M1">E26</a> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">Legend </td> <td colspan="32" style="text-align:center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#7FFFD4; color:#7FFFD4;">    </span> developed by <a href="/wiki/Iso_(automobile)" title="Iso (automobile)">Iso SpA</a></span></li> <li><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#FFFACD; color:#FFFACD;">    </span> developed by <a href="/wiki/Glas_(company)" title="Glas (company)">Hans Glas GmbH</a></span></li> <li><span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:none; background-color:#AFEEEE; color:#AFEEEE;">    </span> developed by <a href="/wiki/BMW_M" title="BMW M">BMW Motorsport</a></span></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&oldid=1258047396">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_(E12)&oldid=1258047396</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:BMW_vehicles" title="Category:BMW 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