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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tt.wikipedia.org&uselang=tt"><span>Иганә итү</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BB%D2%AF&returnto=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91" title="Сезгә аккаунт ясарга һәм системага керергә киңәш итәбез, әмма бу мәҗбүри түгел."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Хисап язмасын төзү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91" title="Сезгә системага керергә тәкъдим ителә, әмма бу мәҗбүри түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Керү</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страницы для неавторизованных редакторов <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BC:%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88" aria-label="Подробнее о редактировании"><span>күбрәк белү</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Әлеге IP-адрестан кертелгән төзәтмәләр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Кертемнәр</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D3%99%D1%85%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Бу IP-адрестагы төзәтмәләр буенча фикер алышу [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фикер алышу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eяшерү\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv 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href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tatar_people\" title=\"c:Category:Tatar people\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"12\" height=\"16\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1024\" data-file-height=\"1376\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tatar_people\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"c:Category:Tatar people\"\u003EМедиа\u003C/a\u003E \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wq/tt/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82\" title=\"Викиөзек\"\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"Викиөзек\" 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href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Проектлар\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/12px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"12\" height=\"11\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/18px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg/24px-WikiProject_Council_with_transparent_background.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"459\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Проектлар\"\u003EПроектлар\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E: \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/2024_%D0%B5%D0%BB#Вафатлар\" title=\"2024 ел\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/5px-Kerze.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"5\" height=\"19\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/8px-Kerze.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/10px-Kerze.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"218\" data-file-height=\"822\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cu\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/2024_%D0%B5%D0%BB#Вафатлар\" title=\"2024 ел\"\u003EХәтерТактасы\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\u003C/u\u003E \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D0%95%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" title=\"Википедия:Акыллы Татарстан/Ел проекты\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg/12px-2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg/18px-2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg/24px-2021TatarstanYearLogo-1.jpg 2x\" data-file-width=\"1626\" data-file-height=\"1626\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D0%95%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" title=\"Википедия:Акыллы Татарстан/Ел проекты\"\u003EЕлПроекты\u003C/a\u003E \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Марафоннар/Агымдагылар\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/12px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/18px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/24px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"300\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Марафоннар/Агымдагылар\"\u003EАгымдагыМарафоннар\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E: \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B\" title=\"Википедия:Проект:Төбәк тематик атналыгы\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_%28political%29.svg/20px-World_Map_%28political%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"10\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_%28political%29.svg/30px-World_Map_%28political%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/World_Map_%28political%29.svg/40px-World_Map_%28political%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1920\" data-file-height=\"975\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cu\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B\" title=\"Проект:Төбәк тематик атналыгы\"\u003EТөбәкАтналыгы\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/i\u003E \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B5_2024\" title=\"Википедия:Проект:Азия ае 2024\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/20px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"22\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/30px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/40px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cu\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B5_2024\" title=\"Проект:Азия ае 2024\"\u003EАзия ае 2024\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\u003C/small\u003E\n\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Csmall\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Эчтәлек" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Эчтәлек</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">переместить в боковую панель</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">яшерү</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Тәрҗемәи_хәле" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тәрҗемәи_хәле"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Тәрҗемәи хәле</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тәрҗемәи_хәле-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-«Кануннар_нигезе_турында»" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#«Кануннар_нигезе_турында»"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>«Кануннар нигезе турында»</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-«Кануннар_нигезе_турында»-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Монтескьё_афоризмнары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Монтескьё_афоризмнары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Монтескьё афоризмнары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Монтескьё_афоризмнары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Искәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Искәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Искәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Искәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Әдәбият" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Әдәбият"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Әдәбият</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Әдәбият-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сылтамалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сылтамалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Сылтамалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сылтамалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Моны_да_карагыз" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Моны_да_карагыз"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Моны да карагыз</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Моны_да_карагыз-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Эчтәлек" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Отобразить/Скрыть содержание" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Отобразить/Скрыть содержание</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Шарль де Монтескьё</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перейти к статье на другом языке. Доступно на 103 языках" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Montesquieu" title="Charles Montesquieu — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Charles Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_Baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88" title="مونتسكيو — гарәп" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مونتسكيو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="гарәп" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88" title="مونتيسكيو — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مونتيسكيو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Earl_Lui_Montesky%C3%B6" title="Şarl Lui Monteskyö — әзәрбайҗан" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şarl Lui Monteskyö" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзәрбайҗан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88" title="مونتسکیو — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مونتسکیو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91" title="Шарль де Монтескьё — башкорт" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шарль де Монтескьё" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкорт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%E2%80%99%D1%91" title="Шарль Луі дэ Мантэск’ё — белорус" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шарль Луі дэ Мантэск’ё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорус" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%96_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%E2%80%99%D1%91" title="Шарль Люі дэ Мантэск’ё — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шарль Люі дэ Мантэск’ё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%BE" title="Шарл дьо Монтескьо — болгар" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шарл дьо Монтескьо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81" title="মন্তেস্কু — бенгали" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মন্তেস্কু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Louis_de_Secondat,_baron_La_Br%C3%A8de_ha_Montesquieu" title="Charles Louis de Secondat, baron La Brède ha Montesquieu — бретон" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Charles Louis de Secondat, baron La Brède ha Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91" title="Шарль де Монтескьё — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шарль де Монтескьё" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — каталан" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%86" title="مۆنتسکیۆ — үзәк көрд" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆنتسکیۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="үзәк көрд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Louis_Montesquieu" title="Charles Louis Montesquieu — чех" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Charles Louis Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — уэльс" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уэльс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Louis_de_Secondat_Montesquieu" title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu — дания" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дания" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_Baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu — алман" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="алман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%AD" title="Μοντεσκιέ — грек" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοντεσκιέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — инглиз" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="инглиз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — испан" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — эстон" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — баск" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88" title="مونتسکیو — фарсы" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مونتسکیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсы" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — фин" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu_Charles" title="Montesquieu Charles — выруский" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Montesquieu Charles" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="выруский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — француз" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — галисия" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="מונטסקייה — яһүд" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונטסקייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="яһүд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="मॉन्टेस्क्यू — һинд" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मॉन्टेस्क्यू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="һинд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Louis_de_Secondat_Montesquieu" title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu — хорват" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu_(filoz%C3%B3fus)" title="Montesquieu (filozófus) — венгр" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Montesquieu (filozófus)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AC_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D6%84%D5%B5%D5%B8" title="Շառլ Լուի Մոնտեսքյո — әрмән" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շառլ Լուի Մոնտեսքյո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="әрмән" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — индонезия" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Montesquieu — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Charles de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — исланд" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — итальян" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC" title="シャルル・ド・モンテスキュー — япон" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャルル・ド・モンテスキュー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%94" title="შარლ ლუი დე მონტესკიე — грузин" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შარლ ლუი დე მონტესკიე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Шарль Луи Монтескье — казакъ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шарль Луи Монтескье" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казакъ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BE" title="ម៉ង់តេរីយើ — кхмер" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ង់តេរីយើ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82" title="ಮಾಂಟೆಸ್ಕ್ಯೂ — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾಂಟೆಸ್ಕ್ಯೂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4%EC%99%B8" title="몽테스키외 — корея" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몽테스키외" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корея" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91" title="Монтескьё — кыргыз" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Монтескьё" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кыргыз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Montesquieu" title="Carolus Montesquieu — латин" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — люксембург" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембург" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Montesquieu — литва" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Charles de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteskj%C4%93" title="Monteskjē — латыш" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Monteskjē" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — малагаси" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагаси" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Шарл Монтескје — македон" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шарл Монтескје" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82" title="മോണ്ടെസ്ക്യൂ — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മോണ്ടെസ്ക്യൂ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="मॅान्टेस्क्यू — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॅान्टेस्क्यू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — малай" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8" title="မွန်တက်စကျူး — бирма" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မွန်တက်စကျူး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="शार्ल लुई मन्टेस्क्यु — непали" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="शार्ल लुई मन्टेस्क्यु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — голланд" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Montesquieu" title="Charles Montesquieu — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Charles Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Montesquieu" title="Charles Montesquieu — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Charles Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — окситан" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%89" title="ਮੋਨਤੈਸਕੀਉ — пәнҗаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੋਨਤੈਸਕੀਉ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пәнҗаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — папьяменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папьяменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteskiusz" title="Monteskiusz — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Monteskiusz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu_(Fil%C3%B2sof)" title="Montesquieu (Filòsof) — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Montesquieu (Filòsof)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88" title="مونٹیسکیو — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مونٹیسکیو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BC%DB%90%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88" title="مونټېسکیو — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مونټېسکیو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — португал" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu — румын" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91,_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Монтескьё, Шарль Луи де — рус" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монтескьё, Шарль Луи де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="рус" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8A%E1%80%90%E1%80%B5%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AE%E1%82%8A%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8A" title="မွင်ႊတဵတ်းၵီႊယိူဝ်ႊ — шанский" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မွင်ႊတဵတ်းၵီႊယိူဝ်ႊ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="шанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_Baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu — словак" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu — словен" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteskj%C3%AB" title="Monteskjë — албан" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Monteskjë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Монтескје — серб" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Монтескје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Louis_de_Secondat_Montesquieu" title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu — швед" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD" title="มงแต็สกีเยอ — тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มงแต็สกีเยอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Earl_Montesk%C3%BDu" title="Şarl Monteskýu — төрекмән" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şarl Monteskýu" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="төрекмән" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — төрек" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="төрек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%97_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%27%D1%94" title="Шарль Луї де Монтеск'є — украин" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шарль Луї де Монтеск'є" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharl_Lui_de_Monteskyo_(Montesquieu)" title="Sharl Lui de Monteskyo (Montesquieu) — үзбәк" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sharl Lui de Monteskyo (Montesquieu)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="үзбәк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — вьетнам" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%B8%A0" title="孟德斯鸠 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="孟德斯鸠" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%94" title="მონტესკიე — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მონტესკიე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A2" title="מאנטעסקיע — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאנטעסקיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu — йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Montesquieu" title="Charles Montesquieu — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Charles Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%B8%A0" title="孟德斯鸠 — кытай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="孟德斯鸠" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кытай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%B3%A9" title="孟德斯鳩 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="孟德斯鳩" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%B3%A9" title="孟德斯鳩 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="孟德斯鳩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&action=edit" title="Бу битнең чыгыш кодын үзгәртү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&action=history"><span>Тарихын карау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Гомуми </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biography vcard" cellspacing="1" style="border-spacing: 1px; width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;"><span class="fn">Шарль де Монтескьё</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P18"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Montesquieu_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Montesquieu_1.png/200px-Montesquieu_1.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Montesquieu_1.png/300px-Montesquieu_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Montesquieu_1.png/400px-Montesquieu_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="1447" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Туган телдә исем</th> <td class="" style=""><span class="nickname"><span class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1559">Шарль-Луи́ де Секонда́, барон Ля Брэд</span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Туган</th> <td class="" style=""><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/18_%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="18 гыйнвар">18 гыйнвар</a> <a href="/wiki/1689_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1689 ел">1689</a></span><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1689-01-18</span>)</span><br /><span class="birthplace"><span class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P19"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция </a>, Жиронда департаменты, Ля-Бред коммунасы</span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Үлгән</th> <td class="" style=""><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/10_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="10 февраль">10 февраль</a> <a href="/wiki/1755_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1755 ел">1755</a></span><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday">1755-02-10</span>)</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">(66 яшь)</span><br /><span class="deathplace"><span class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P20">Франция, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж">Париж </a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Күмү урыны</th> <td class="label" style=""><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P119" data-wikidata-claim-id="q15975$C945368C-01CF-403F-8FDD-C9C9719D42B4"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%A1%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сен-Сюльпис (бит юк)">Сен-Сюльпис</a><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295844" class="extiw" title="d:Q295844">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Милләт</th> <td class="category" style="">француз</td></tr><tr><th style="">Ватандашлыгы</th> <td class="category" style=""><span class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P27"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Француз корольлыгы</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Әлма-матер</th> <td class="" style=""><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q15975$DBB5DF9A-D0AC-48FB-A936-CB075E632555"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6_%D0%96%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Коллеж Жуйи (бит юк)">коллеж Жуйи</a><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2983769" class="extiw" title="d:Q2983769">[d]</a></sup></span></span> һәм <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P69" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q15975$F00FDB1C-1612-4647-B65A-FAE1BB092340"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сент-Луи лицее (бит юк)">Сент-Луи лицее</a><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471980" class="extiw" title="d:Q471980">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Һөнәре</th> <td class="role" style=""><span class="no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P106">философ, хокук белгече, язучы</span></td></tr><tr><th style=""><span class="nowrap"><span title="ир яки хатын" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help; white-space: nowrap">Җефет</span></span></th> <td class="" style=""><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P26" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q15975$0580cbc2-4b71-aa9d-a4e2-d4966f3d9f31"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeanne_de_Lartigue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeanne de Lartigue (бит юк)">Jeanne de Lartigue</a><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22259984" class="extiw" title="d:Q22259984">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="">Балалар</th> <td class="" style=""><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P40" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q15975$96f9d0b1-4395-f044-d5a8-1aba0353ae41"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_de_Secondat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste de Secondat (бит юк)">Jean-Baptiste de Secondat</a><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5928631" class="extiw" title="d:Q5928631">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P109" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q15975$7cefd026-4e22-d0ae-632e-dac9c9dff11c"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Signatur_Charles_de_Secondat,_Baron_de_Montesquieu.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Signatur_Charles_de_Secondat%2C_Baron_de_Montesquieu.PNG/150px-Signatur_Charles_de_Secondat%2C_Baron_de_Montesquieu.PNG" decoding="async" width="150" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Signatur_Charles_de_Secondat%2C_Baron_de_Montesquieu.PNG/225px-Signatur_Charles_de_Secondat%2C_Baron_de_Montesquieu.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Signatur_Charles_de_Secondat%2C_Baron_de_Montesquieu.PNG 2x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="72" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <p><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373" data-wikidata-claim-id="q15975$0E2FE127-AB64-485B-B734-D50E7D54CF4C"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Montesquieu" title="commons:Category:Montesquieu"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Montesquieu" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Montesquieu">Шарль де Монтескьё</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D2%97%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Викиҗыентык">Викиҗыентыкта</a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Шарль де Монтескьё</b>, Шарль-Луи́ де Секонда́, барон де Ля Брэд һәм де Монтескьё (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Француз теле">фр.</a> <span lang="fr" style="font-style: italic">Charles-Louis de Seconda, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu</span>; <i><a href="/wiki/1689_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1689 ел">1689 елның</a> <a href="/wiki/18_%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="18 гыйнвар">18 гыйнвары</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Француз корольлыгы</a>, Жиронда департаменты, Ля-Бред коммунасы — <a href="/wiki/1755_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1755 ел">1755 елның</a> <a href="/wiki/10_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="10 февраль">10 феврале</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж">Париж</a></i>) — француз фәлсәфәчесе, хокук белгече, язучы. Хакимиятне өч төркемгә (<i>башкарма, суд, кануннар чыгару</i>) бүлү турында теория (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Француз теле">фр.</a> <span lang="fr" style="font-style: italic">séparation des pouvoirs</span>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">лат.</a> <i><span lang="la">trias politica</span></i>) авторы<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="АКШ">АКШ</a> Конституциясен төзегәндә (<i><a href="/wiki/1787_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1787 ел">1787 елда</a> кабул ителгән</i>) Монтескьё фикерләре кулланылган. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тәрҗемәи_хәле"><span id=".D0.A2.D3.99.D1.80.D2.97.D0.B5.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.B8_.D1.85.D3.99.D0.BB.D0.B5"></span>Тәрҗемәи хәле</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&veaction=edit&section=1" title="«Тәрҗемәи хәле» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Тәрҗемәи хәле»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Chateau_la_brede.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Chateau_la_brede.jpg/200px-Chateau_la_brede.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Chateau_la_brede.jpg/300px-Chateau_la_brede.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Chateau_la_brede.jpg/400px-Chateau_la_brede.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Ля Брэд кальгасе</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/1689_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1689 ел">1689 елның</a> <a href="/wiki/18_%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="18 гыйнвар">18 гыйнварында</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бордо">Бордо</a> шәһәре янындагы Ля Брэд <span title="замок" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help; white-space: nowrap">кальгасендә</span> <span title="аристократ" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help; white-space: nowrap">аксөяк</span> гаиләсендә туган. <a href="/wiki/1705_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1705 ел">1705 елда</a> Бордода <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Католик дине">католик</a> көллиятен тәмамлый һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Хокук">хокук</a> фәнен тирәнтен өйрәнү өчен <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж">Парижга</a> килә. <a href="/wiki/1714_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1714 ел">1714 елда</a> Бордога әйләнеп кайта, шәһәр судында киңәшче, ике елдан судның вице-президенты була. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1721_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1721 ел">1721 елда</a> «Фарсы хатлары» романын бастырып, күренекле <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сатира (бит юк)">сатира</a> остасы булып таныла. Романда ике <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Фарсылар">фарсы кешесе</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Хат">хат</a> язышып фарсы җәмгыятен (<i>чынлыкта, <span title="король" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help; white-space: nowrap">король</span> хакимияте һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Католик дине">дин әһелләре</a> изүе астында яшәүче, тәкәббер, юк-барга ышанучы француз җәмгыятен</i>) каты тәнкыйтьли. Әлеге җәмгыятьтә гыйлемлек тормыштан аерылган, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Сәнгать">сәнгать</a> хакимнәргә сукырларча сокланудан узмый. Романда яшәүгә көче булмаган, эчтән таркалып баручы җәмгыять күзаллана. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1725_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1725 ел">1725 елда</a> «Книд гыйбадәтханәсе» (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Француз теле">фр.</a> <span lang="fr" style="font-style: italic">Le Temple de Gnide</span>) исемле прозада язылган поэмасын иҗат итә. <a href="/wiki/1726_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1726 ел">1726 елда</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Париж">башкалага</a> күчеп, «Парижга сәяхәт» исемле прозада язылган икенче поэмасын чыгара. Әмма <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Язучы">язучылык</a> эше генә аны канәгатьләндерми. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1728_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1728 ел">1728 елда</a> Парижны калдырып, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Аурупа">Аурупаның</a> төрле илләренең <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Хокук">хокук</a> институтларын тикшерү максаты белән өч еллык сәяхәткә чыгып китә. <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия">Италия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Пруссия">Пруссия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Нидерландлар">Нидерландларда</a> булгач, ике елга <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Англия">Англиядә</a> туктый. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Лондон">Лондонда</a> инглиз хокук фәнен ныклап өйрәнә, ил парламентының конституция тәҗрибәсен үзләштерә. Инглиз хокук белгечләре, фәйләсүфләре, сәясәтчеләре белән аралашу аның дәүләт-хокук идеаллары формалашуга нык тәэсир итә. Үз идеалларын «Кануннар нигезе турында» исемле төп хезмәтендә чагылдыра. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="«Кануннар_нигезе_турында»"><span id=".C2.AB.D0.9A.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.83.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B5_.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0.C2.BB"></span>«Кануннар нигезе турында»</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&veaction=edit&section=2" title="««Кануннар нигезе турында»» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела ««Кануннар нигезе турында»»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1748_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1748 ел">1748 елда</a> басылган әлеге энциклопедик хезмәтендә, тарихи-чагыштыру алымы кулланып, Монтескьё хокук институтлары барлыкка килүгә <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География">географик</a> мохит һәм идарә итү формасы тәэсир итүен күрсәтә. Китапның үзәк темасы — акыллы дәүләт төзелешен кору проблемалары. Монтескьё идарә итүнең <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Демократия">демократия</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аристократия (бит юк)">аристократия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия">монархия</a> формалары яшәргә хокуклы, әмма <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тирания (бит юк)">тирания</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Деспотизм (бит юк)">деспотизм</a> яшәргә хокуксыз, дип исәпли. Идарә итүнең иң кулай формасы — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Конституцияле монархия">конституция белән хокуклары чикләнгән монархия</a> дип таба. </p><p>«Кануннар нигезе турында» китабын язганда, <a href="/wiki/1734_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1734 ел">1734 елда</a> «Римлыларның бөеклеге һәм җиңелүе сәбәпләре турында уйланулар» әсәрен бастыра. Анда Монтескьё тарихи процессның дингә бәйле үзгәрүе турында фикерне катгый кире кага. </p><p>«Табигать һәм сәнгать әсәрләрендә хис турында тәҗрибә» исемле трактаты, авторы вафатыннан соң ике ел үткәч, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Дени Дидро">Дени Дидроның</a> «Энциклопедия»сендә урнаштырыла. </p><p>Монтескьёның хезмәтләрен күренекле дәүләт эшлеклеләре җентекләп өйрәнә. Мәсәлән, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_II" title="Екатерина II">Екатерина II</a> үзенең «Наказ» әсәрен (<i><a href="/wiki/1767_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1767 ел">1767</a></i>) Монтескьёның «Кануннар нигезе турында» китабына таянып язуы мәгълүм. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Монтескьё_афоризмнары"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D1.8C.D1.91_.D0.B0.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.BC.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Монтескьё афоризмнары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&veaction=edit&section=3" title="«Монтескьё афоризмнары» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&action=edit&section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Монтескьё афоризмнары»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote> <ul><li><i>Канунның артык катгыйлыгы аны үтәүгә киртә булып тора.</i></li> <li><i>Кануннар һәркем өчен бердәй мәгънәгә ия булырга тиеш.</i></li> <li><i>Тәкәбберлек – ахмакларның калканы.</i></li> <li><i>Әз генә белү өчен дә күп укырга кирәк.</i></li> <li><i>Бер кешегә карата кулланылган хаксызлык һәркемгә кагыла.</i></li> <li><i>Азрак уйлаган саен күбрәк сөйләшәсең.</i></li> <li><i>Хакимиятне кулында тоткан һәркем аннан явызларча файдаланырга омтыла.</i></li> <li><i>Җинаятькә каршы чара – ул җәза.</i></li></ul> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Искәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Искәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&veaction=edit&section=4" title="«Искәрмәләр» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&action=edit&section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Искәрмәләр»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Esprit_des_lois_(1777)/L11/C6">Монтескьё. «Из духа законов». Книга XI</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Әдәбият"><span id=".D3.98.D0.B4.D3.99.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82"></span>Әдәбият</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&veaction=edit&section=5" title="«Әдәбият» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&action=edit&section=5" title="Редактировать код раздела «Әдәбият»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Мудрость тысячелетий. Энциклопедия (<i>автор-төзүче</i> Вольдемар Балязин). М.: «ОЛМА-ПРЕСС», 2003, 421-422нче битләр. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/5224005620" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-224-00562-0</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Сылтамалар"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Сылтамалар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&veaction=edit&section=6" title="«Сылтамалар» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&action=edit&section=6" title="Редактировать код раздела «Сылтамалар»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/literature/text/2228773">Монтескьё</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2019 елның 7 апрель көнендә <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407150121/https://bigenc.ru/literature/text/2228773">архивланган</a>.</span></small>. Большая российская энциклопедия<span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></li> <li><i>Плавинская Н. Ю.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://LaRevolution.ru/Books/Plavinskaya.html">«Дух законов» Монтескьё и публицистика Великой французской революции 1789—1799 гг.</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2021 елның 17 май көнендә <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517010036/http://larevolution.ru/Books/Plavinskaya.html">архивланган</a>.</span></small><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studentdream.narod.ru/monte.htm">Конспект книги Ш. Монтескьё «О духе законов»</a><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4068112">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#CFE3FF}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#DCEBFF}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#F3F5F7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox ruwikiArticleExternalLinksTable" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding: 0px 18px 0px 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="float: left;"><span class="noprint plainlinks nowrap" style="font-size:85%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бу калыпны карау"><img alt="⚙️" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> </span></div>  Тематик сайтлар</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nndb.com/people/766/000196178">Notable Names Database</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discogs.com/artist/3594158">Discogs</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/26352">Проект «Гутенберг»</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ru.rodovid.org/wk/Person:616951">Rodovid</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7653371">Find A Grave</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Сүзлекләр һәм энциклопедияләр</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedia.cat/enciclopèdies/gran-enciclopèdia-catalana/EC-GEC-0043799.xml">Зур каталон</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigenc.ru/text/2228773">Зур Россия</a> · <a href="https://tt.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD1/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B5,_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="s:БСЭ1/Монтескье, Шарль Луи">Зур совет (1-нче изд.)</a> · <a href="https://tt.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91,_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="s:ЭСБЕ/Монтескьё, Шарль-Луи">Брокгаузның һәм Ефронның</a> · <a href="https://tt.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="s:МЭСБЕ/Монтескье">Кечкенә Брокгаузның һәм Ефронның</a> · <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Montesquieu,_Charles_Louis_de_Secondat,_Baron_de_la_B%C3%A8de_et_de" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Bède et de">Британника (11-th)</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/biography/Montesquieu">Британника (онлайн)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Норматив контроль (бит юк)">Норматив контроль</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span title="Ватикан китапханәсе" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">BAV</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/processed/BAV%7CADV10188803">ADV10188803</a> · <span title="BIBSYS" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">BIBSYS</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ask.bibsys.no/ask/action/result?cmd=&kilde=biblio&cql=bs.autid+%3D+90270032&feltselect=bs.autid">90270032</a> · <span title="Библиотека Каталонии" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">BNC</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a10410223">a10410223</a> · <span title="Национальная библиотека Испании" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">BNE</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX991710">XX991710</a> · <span title="Франса милли китапханәсе" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">BNF</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119166485">119166485</a> · <span title="CiNii" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">CiNii</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00161983">DA00161983</a> · <span title="CONOR.Sl" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">CONOR</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cobiss.si/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=CONOR&rid=19501923">19501923</a> · <span title="Библиотека Александрина" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">EGAXA</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/processed/EGAXA%7Cvtlsvtls000015029">vtls000015029</a> · <span title="Gemeinsame Normdatei" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">GND</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118583670">118583670</a> · <span title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">ICCU</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=CFIV004504">CFIV004504</a> · <span title="Международный идентификатор стандартных наименований" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">ISNI</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni-url.oclc.nl/isni/0000000120957940">0000000120957940</a> · <span title="Контрольный номер Библиотеки Конгресса" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">LCCN</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79063793">n79063793</a> · <span title="Национальная библиотека Латвии" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">LNB</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/processed/LNB%7CLNC10-000024350">000024350</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Япониянең милли парламент китапханәсе">NDL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00450372">00450372</a> · <span title="Национальная библиотека Чехии" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NKC</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/jn19990005797">jn19990005797</a> · <span title="Национальная библиотека Австралии" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NLA</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35359547">35359547</a> · <span title="Национальная библиотека Греции" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NLG</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nlg.okfn.gr/resource/authority/record116044">116044</a> · <span title="Национальная и университетская библиотека Загреба" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NSK</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/processed/NSK%7C000012342">000012342</a> · <span title="Королевская национальная библиотека Нидерландов" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NTA</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opc4.kb.nl/PPN?PPN=068250800">068250800</a> · <span title="NUKAT" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NUKAT</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/processed/NUKAT%7Cn96209637">n96209637</a> · <span title="Национальная библиотека Португалии" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">PTBNP</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/processed/PTBNP%7C23061">23061</a> · <span title="Национальная библиотека Швеции" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">LIBRIS</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/auth/194426">194426</a> · <span title="SUDOC" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">SUDOC</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/027383881">027383881</a> · <span title="VIAF" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">VIAF</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/27069096">27069096</a> · <span title="Union List of Artist Names" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">ULAN</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500322774">500322774</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Моны_да_карагыз"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D0.B4.D0.B0_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B3.D1.8B.D0.B7"></span>Моны да карагыз</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&veaction=edit&section=7" title="«Моны да карагыз» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91&action=edit&section=7" title="Редактировать код раздела «Моны да карагыз»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4068112"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Иҗтимагый(рус.)татар._һәм_сәяси_фәлсәфә(ингл.)татар." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%98%D2%97%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D1%81%D3%99%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99" title="Калып:Иҗтимагый һәм сәяси фәлсәфә"><abbr title="Бу калыпны карау" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">к</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%85%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5:%D0%98%D2%97%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D1%81%D3%99%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Калып бәхәсе:Иҗтимагый һәм сәяси фәлсәфә (бит юк)"><abbr title="Бу калыпның бәхәсе" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%98%D2%97%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D1%81%D3%99%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99&action=edit"><abbr title="Бу калыпны үзгәртү" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ү</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Иҗтимагый(рус.)татар._һәм_сәяси_фәлсәфә(ингл.)татар." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Социальная философия">Иҗтимагый</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D2%97%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Иҗтимагый фәлсәфә (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span> һәм <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Political philosophy">сәяси фәлсәфә</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сәяси фәлсәфә (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Борынгы</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Аристотель">Аристотель</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Аврелий Августин">Августин</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Чанакья">Чанакья</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Цицерон">Цицерон</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Конфуций">Конфуций</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%8D%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Хань Фэй">Хань Фэй</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%8D%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хань Фэй (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Лактанций">Лактанций</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лактанций (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Лао Цзы">Лао Цзы</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD-%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Мэн-цзы">Мэн-цзы</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD-%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мэн-цзы (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Мо-цзы">Мо-цзы</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мо-цзы (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Ориген">Ориген</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ориген (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Филон Александрийский">Филон</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Искәндәрияле Филон (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%84%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Әфләтүн">Әфләтүн</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85" class="extiw" title="ru:Плутарх">Плутарх</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Плутарх (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Полибий">Полибий</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Полибий (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AF%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Шан Ян">Шан Ян</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AF%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шан Ян (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Сунь-цзы">Сунь-цзы</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сунь-цзы (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Тертуллиан">Тертуллиан</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тертуллиан (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:Фукидид">Фукидид</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фукидид (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" class="extiw" title="ru:Тируваллувар">Тируваллувар</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тируваллувар (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:Ксенофонт">Ксенофонт</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ксенофонт (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Сюнь-цзы">Сюнь-цзы</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сюнь-цзы (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Урта гасырлар</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B1%D2%AF_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%80_%D3%99%D0%BB-%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Әбү Насыйр әл-Фараби">әл-Фараби</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аквиналы Фома">Аквиналы</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Ибн Баджа">Ибн Баджа</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ибн Баджа (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B1%D2%AF_%D0%92%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D3%A9%D1%88%D0%B4" title="Әбү Вәлид бине Рөшд">Ибн Рөшд</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:Бальд">Бальд</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бальд (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Бартоло да Сассоферрато">Бартоло да Сассоферрато</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бартоло да Сассоферрато (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Бруни, Леонардо">Леонардо Бруни</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Леонардо Бруни (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Данте Алигьери">Данте</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_I" class="extiw" title="ru:Геласий I">Геласий I</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Геласий I (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D3%99%D0%BB-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Имам әл-Газали">әл-Газали</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Эгидий Римский">Римлы Эгидий</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Римлы Эгидий (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Декрет Грациана">Грациан</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Грациан декреты (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_VII_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9)" class="extiw" title="ru:Григорий VII (папа римский)">Григорий VII</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_VII_(%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Григорий VII (Рим папасы) (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Халдун">Ибн Халдун</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Иоанн Солсберийский">Солсберилы Иоанн</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Солсберилы Иоанн (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Латини, Брунетто">Брунетто Латини</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Брунетто Латини (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:Маймонид">Маймонид</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Маймонид (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Марсилий Падуанский">Марсилий</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Падуялы Марсилий (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_%D0%BF%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80" title="Мөхәммәт пәйгамбәр">Мөхәммәт пәйгамбәр</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Низам аль-Мульк">Низам аль-Мульк</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Низам аль-Мульк (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="ru:Оккам, Уильям">Оккам</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уильям Оккам (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_I_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9)" class="extiw" title="ru:Фотий I (патриарх Константинопольский)">Фотий</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_I_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фотий I (патриарх) (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Ибн Туфайль">Ибн Туфайль</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ибн Туфайль (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Ван Аньши">Ван Аньши</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ван Аньши (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Яңа вакыт</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0,_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" class="extiw" title="ru:Беза, Теодор">Беза</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Теодор Беза (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B8,_%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Ла Боэси, Этьен де">Боэси</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Этьен де Ла Боэси (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Боден, Жан">Боден</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жан Боден (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8E%D1%8D,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Боссюэ, Жак-Бенинь">Боссюэ</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8E%D1%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жак-Бенинь Боссюэ (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_(%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82)" class="extiw" title="ru:Бьюкенен, Джордж (гуманист)">Бьюкенен</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%91%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джордж Бьюкенен (гуманист) (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Кальвин, Жан">Кальвин</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жан Кальвин (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5,_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF" class="extiw" title="ru:Дюплесси-Морне, Филипп">Дюплесси-Морне</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF_%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Филипп Дюплесси-Морне (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Эразм Роттердамский">Эразм</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Роттердамлы Эразм (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:Филмер, Роберт">Филмер</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Роберт Филмер (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Гослицкий, Лаврентий">Гослицкий</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лаврентий Гослицкий (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Гроций, Гуго">Гроций</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%BA%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Һуго Гроций (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Гвиччардини, Франческо">Гвиччардини</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Франческо Гвиччардини (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" class="extiw" title="ru:Гаррингтон, Джеймс">Һаррингтон</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D2%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джеймс Һаррингтон (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Хаяси Радзан">Хаяси</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хаяси Радзан (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D2%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Томас Һоббс">Томас Һоббс</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Отман, Франсуа">Һотман</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D2%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Франсуа Һотман (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_I_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8)" class="extiw" title="ru:Яков I (король Англии)">Яков</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_I_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Яков I (Англия патшасы) (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Готфрид Лейбниц">Лейбниц</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA" title="Джон Локк">Локк</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Мартин Лютер">Лютер</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Никколо Макиавелли">Макиавелли</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Мальбранш, Николя">Мальбранш</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Николя Мальбранш (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Мильтон, Джон">Мильтон</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джон Мильтон (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Монтень, Мишель де">Монтень</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мишель де Монтень (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Томас Мор">Мор</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" class="extiw" title="ru:Мюнцер, Томас">Мюнцер</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Томас Мюнцер (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84,_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Пуфендорф, Самуэль фон">Пуфендорф</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Самуэль фон Пуфендорф (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algernon_Sidney" class="extiw" title="en:Algernon Sidney">Сидней</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Алдгернон Сидней (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бенедикт Спиноза">Спиноза</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Суарес, Франсиско">Суарес</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Франсиско Суарес (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">XVIII–XIX гасыр</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Михаил Бакунин">Бакунин</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Бастиа, Фредерик">Бастиа</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фредерик Бастиа (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0,_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Беккариа, Чезаре">Беккариа</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чезаре Беккариа (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC,_%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Бентам, Иеремия">Бентам</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Иеремия Бентам (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8,_1-%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Сент-Джон, Генри, 1-й виконт Болингброк">Болингброк</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD,_1-%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Һенри Сент-Джон, 1-нче виконт Болингброк (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4,_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B7" class="extiw" title="ru:Бональд, Луи Габриэль Амбруаз">Бональд</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Луи дэ Бональд (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA,_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:Бёрк, Эдмунд">Бёрк</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эдмунд Бёрк (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" class="extiw" title="ru:Карлейль, Томас">Карлейль</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Томас Карлейль (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Огюст Конт">Конт</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Кондорсе, Мари Жан Антуан Никола">Кондорсе</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Николя дэ Кондорсе (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Констан, Бенжамен">Констан</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бенжамен Констан (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81,_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Доносо Кортес, Хуан">Кортес</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хуан Доносо Кортес (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Эмерсон, Ральф Уолдо">Эмерсон</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ральф Уолдо Эмерсон (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Фридрих Энгельс">Энгельс</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Иоһанн Фихте">Фихте</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5,_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Фурье, Шарль">Фурье</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шарль Фурье (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бенджамин Франклин">Франклин</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="ru:Годвин, Уильям">Годвин</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уильям Годвин (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:Галлер, Карл Людвиг">Һаллер</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Карл Людвиг Һаллер (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:Гаман, Иоганн Георг">Һаман</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D0%BE%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Йоһанн Георг Һаман (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D2%BA%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Георг Һегел">Һегел</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D2%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Клод Һельвеций">Һельвеций</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:Гердер, Иоганн Готфрид">Һердер</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D0%BE%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D2%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Йоһанн Готфрид Һердер (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%AE%D0%BC" title="Дэвид Юм">Юм</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Томас Джефферсон">Джефферсон</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Иммануил Кант">Кант</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_philosophy_of_Immanuel_Kant" class="extiw" title="en:Political philosophy of Immanuel Kant">сәяси фәлсәфә</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%81%D3%99%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Иммануил Кант сәяси фәлсәфәсе (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сөрен Кьеркегор">Кьеркегор</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="ru:Лебон, Гюстав">Лебон</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гюстав Лебон (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Ле Пле, Фредерик">Ле Пле</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9B%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фредерик Ле Пле (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Җеймс Мәдисон">Мәдисон</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80,_%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%B4%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Местр, Жозеф де">Местр</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жозеф де Местр (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс">Маркс</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%96%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Җузеппе Маззини">Маззини</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:Милль, Джон Стюарт">Милль</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джон Стюарт Милль (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Монтескьё</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%88%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Фридрих Ницше">Ницше</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" class="extiw" title="ru:Новалис">Новалис</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Новалис (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:Оуэн, Роберт">Оуэн</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9E%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Роберт Оуэн (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" class="extiw" title="ru:Пейн, Томас">Пейн</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Томас Пейн (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:Ренан, Эрнест">Ренан</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эрнест Ренан (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Жан-Жак Руссо">Руссо</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Ройс, Джосайя">Ройс</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джосайя Ройс (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:Маркиз де Сад">Сад</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Маркиз де Сад (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Сен-Симон, Анри">Сен-Симон</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Анри де Сен-Симон (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" class="extiw" title="ru:Шиллер, Фридрих">Шиллер</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фридрих Шиллер (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Адам Смит">Смит</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Һерберт Спенсер">Спенсер</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80" class="extiw" title="ru:Спунер, Лисандр">Спунер</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лисандр Спунер (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Мадам де Сталь">де Сталь</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мадам де Сталь (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81" class="extiw" title="ru:Штирнер, Макс">Штирнер</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Макс Штирнер (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BD,_%D0%98%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:Тэн, Ипполит">Тэн</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ипполит Тэн (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Торо, Генри">Торо</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Һенри Дэвид Торо (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Токвиль, Алексис де">Токвиль</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Алексис де Токвиль (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Такер, Бенджамин">Такер</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бенджамин Такер (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Вико, Джамбаттиста">Вико</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джамбаттиста Вико (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Свами Вивекананда">Вивекананда</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вольтер">Вольтер</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Уоррен, Джосайя">Уоррен</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джосайя Уоррен (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">XX–XXI гасыр</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE,_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" class="extiw" title="ru:Адорно, Теодор">Адорно</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Теодор Адорно (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Агамбен, Джорджо">Агамбен</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE_%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джорджо Агамбен (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бхимрао Амбедкар">Амбедкар</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%82,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Арендт, Ханна">Арендт</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ханна Арендт (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Шри Ауробиндо">Ауробиндо</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Арон, Раймон">Арон</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Раймон Арон (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8E,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Бадью, Ален">Бадью</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ален Бадью (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8F%D1%80,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Бодрийяр, Жан">Бодрийяр</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8F%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жан Бодрийяр (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:Бауман, Зигмунт">Бауман</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зигмунт Бауман (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Бенуа, Ален де">Бенуа</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ален де Бенуа (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Берлин, Исайя">Берлин</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Исайя Берлин (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:Бернштейн, Эдуард">Бернштейн</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эдуард Бернштейн (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" class="extiw" title="ru:Бернхем, Джеймс">Бернхем</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джеймс Бернхем (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джудит Батлер">Батлер</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8E" title="Альбер Камю">Камю</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ноам Чомский">Чомский</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Симона де Бовуар">де Бовуар</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80,_%D0%93%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Дебор, Ги">Дебор</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ги Дебор (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B7,_%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Делёз, Жиль">Делёз</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%96%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Җил Делёз (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%B8,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Дьюи, Джон">Дьюи</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джон Дьюи (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Дмовский, Роман">Дмовский</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Роман Дмовский (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B0,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:Дюбуа, Уильям Эдуард Бёркхардт">Дюбуа</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%82_%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уильям Эдуард Бёркхардт Дюбуа (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Дугин, Александр Гельевич">Дугин</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Александр Дугин (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC,_%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Дюркгейм, Эмиль">Дюркгейм</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%94%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эмиль Дюркгейм (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:Дворкин, Рональд">Дворкин</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рональд Дворкин (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0,_%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81" class="extiw" title="ru:Эвола, Юлиус">Эвола</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Юлиус Эвола (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Фуко, Мишель">Фуко</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мишель Фуко (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" class="extiw" title="ru:Фромм, Эрих">Фромм</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эрих Фромм (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81" class="extiw" title="ru:Фукуяма, Фрэнсис">Фукуяма</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фрэнсис Фукуяма (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Махатма Ганди">Ганди</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:Гелен, Арнольд">Гелен</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Арнольд Гелен (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Джентиле, Джованни">Джентиле</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джованни Джентиле (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Грамши, Антонио">Грамши</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Антонио Грамши (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Рене Генон">Генон</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81,_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Хабермас, Юрген">Хабермас</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Юрген Хабермас (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BA,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Хайек, Фридрих Август фон">Хайек</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(рус.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фридрих Август фон Хайек (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мартин Һайдеггер">Һайдеггер</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans-Hermann_Hoppe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe (бит юк)">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_P._Huntington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel P. Huntington (бит юк)">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luce_Irigaray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luce Irigaray (бит юк)">Irigaray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_de_Jouvenel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertrand de Jouvenel (бит юк)">Jouvenel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Kautsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Kautsky (бит юк)">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Kirk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russell Kirk (бит юк)">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Ko%C5%82akowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leszek Kołakowski (бит юк)">Kołakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Kropotkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Kropotkin (бит юк)">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernesto_Laclau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernesto Laclau (бит юк)">Laclau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nick Land (бит юк)">Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Владимир Ленин">Ленин</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Роза Люксембург">Люксембург</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alasdair_MacIntyre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alasdair MacIntyre (бит юк)">MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvey_Mansfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvey Mansfield (бит юк)">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Мао Цзэдун">Мао</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Marcuse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Marcuse (бит юк)">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Maritain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Maritain (бит юк)">Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Maurras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Maurras (бит юк)">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Michels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Michels (бит юк)">Michels</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_von_Mises&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig von Mises (бит юк)">Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaetano_Mosca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaetano Mosca (бит юк)">Mosca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chantal_Mouffe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chantal Mouffe (бит юк)">Mouffe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Negri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Negri (бит юк)">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhold_Niebuhr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reinhold Niebuhr (бит юк)">Niebuhr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Nozick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Nozick (бит юк)">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_Nurs%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Said Nursî (бит юк)">Nursî</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Oakeshott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Oakeshott (бит юк)">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Ortega y Gasset (бит юк)">Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vilfredo_Pareto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vilfredo Pareto (бит юк)">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Polanyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Polanyi (бит юк)">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Карл Поппер">Поппер</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyid_Qutb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sayyid Qutb (бит юк)">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (бит юк)">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayn_Rand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayn Rand (бит юк)">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rawls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Rawls (бит юк)">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Röpke (бит юк)">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murray Rothbard (бит юк)">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Бертран Рассел">Рассел</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Santayana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Santayana (бит юк)">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prabhat_Ranjan_Sarkar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar (бит юк)">Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80" title="Жан-Поль Сартр">Сартр</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Schmitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Schmitt (бит юк)">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Scruton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Scruton (бит юк)">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Searle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Searle (бит юк)">Searle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Shariati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Shariati (бит юк)">Shariati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Simmel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Simmel (бит юк)">Simmel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B._F._Skinner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B. F. Skinner (бит юк)">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Sombart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werner Sombart (бит юк)">Sombart</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Sorel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Sorel (бит юк)">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Othmar_Spann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Othmar Spann (бит юк)">Spann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Spengler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oswald Spengler (бит юк)">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Strauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Strauss (бит юк)">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%AF%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Сунь Ятсен">Сунь</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher) (бит юк)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Voegelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Voegelin (бит юк)">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Walzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Walzer (бит юк)">Walzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Макс Вебер">Вебер</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simone_Weil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simone Weil (бит юк)">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curtis_Yarvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtis Yarvin (бит юк)">Yarvin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavoj Žižek (бит юк)">Žižek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%98%D2%97%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Төркем:Иҗтимагый теорияләр (бит юк)">Иҗтимагый теорияләр</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Анархизм">Анархизм</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Authoritarianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Authoritarianism (бит юк)">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social organization (бит юк)">Collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_and_politics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity and politics (бит юк)">Christian theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Коммунизм">Коммунизм</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communitarianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communitarianism (бит юк)">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conflict_theories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conflict theories (бит юк)">Conflict theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Конфуцийчылык">Конфуцийчылык</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consensus_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consensus theory (бит юк)">Consensus theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Консерватизм">Консерватизм</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contractualism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contractualism (бит юк)">Contractualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Космополитизм">Космополитизм</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culturalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culturalism (бит юк)">Culturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elite_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elite theory (бит юк)">Elite theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Фашизм">Фашизм</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminist_political_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feminist political theory (бит юк)">Feminist theories</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gandhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gandhism (бит юк)">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_nationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindu nationalism (бит юк)">Hindu nationalism</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindutva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindutva (бит юк)">Hindutva</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Индивидуальлек">Индивидуализм</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_aspects_of_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Political aspects of Islam (бит юк)">Islamic theories</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamism (бит юк)">Islamism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legalism (Chinese philosophy) (бит юк)">Legalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Либерализм">Либерализм</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libertarianism (бит юк)">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohism (бит юк)">Mohism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_liberalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National liberalism (бит юк)">National liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Populism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Populism (бит юк)">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republicanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republicanism (бит юк)">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_constructionism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social constructionism (бит юк)">Social constructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_constructivism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social constructivism (бит юк)">Social constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Darwinism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social Darwinism (бит юк)">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_determinism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social determinism (бит юк)">Social determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Социализм">Социализм</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utilitarianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utilitarianism (бит юк)">Utilitarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Бәйле мәкәләләр</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" class="extiw" title="en:Critique of political economy">Сәяси икътисад тәнкыйте</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%82%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сәяси икътисад тәнкыйте (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_work" class="extiw" title="en:Critique of work">Хезмәт тәнкыйте</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_%D1%82%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хезмәт тәнкыйте (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurisprudence" class="extiw" title="en:Jurisprudence">Юриспуденция</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Юриспуденция (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_and_economics" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy and economics">Фәлсәфә һәм икътисад</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фәлсәфә һәм икътисад (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_education" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of education">Мәгариф фәлсәфәсе</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мәгариф фәлсәфәсе (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_history" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of history">Тарих фәлсәфәсе</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тарих фәлсәфәсе (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_law" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of law">Хокук фәлсәфәсе</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хокук фәлсәфәсе (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_love" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of love">Сөю фәлсәфәсе</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D3%A9%D1%8E_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сөю фәлсәфәсе (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_social_science" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of social science">Иҗтимагый фән фәлсәфәсе</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D2%97%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Иҗтимагый фән фәлсәфәсе (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_ethics" class="extiw" title="en:Political ethics">Сәяси этика</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сәяси этика (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Social epistemology">Иҗтимагый эпистемология</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D2%97%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Иҗтимагый эпистемология (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></li> <li><b> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_social_and_political_philosophy_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of social and political philosophy articles">Исемлек</a><span style="white-space: nowrap"><span class="noprint" style="font-size:95%; position: relative; top: .4em;"><span class="ref-info" title="инглиз телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(ингл.)</span></span><span class="link-ru metadata noprint" style="font-size:80%; margin-left:-1.7em; position: relative; top: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D2%97%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D1%81%D3%99%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Иҗтимагый һәм сәяси фәлсәфә мәкаләләре исемлеге (бит юк)">татар.</a></span></span></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%98%D2%97%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99" title="Төркем:Иҗтимагый фәлсәфә">Төркем</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="noprint tright portal" style="border:solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;"> <table style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; font-size:85%; line-height:110%; max-width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Socrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/27px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/36px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99%D1%84%D3%99" title="Портал:Фәлсәфә">Фәлсәфә  порталы</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Чыганак — <a dir="ltr" href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Шарль_де_Монтескьё&oldid=4124227">https://tt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Шарль_де_Монтескьё&oldid=4124227</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%80" title="Махсус:Төркемнәр">Төркемнәр</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:18_%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төркем:18 гыйнвар көнне туганнар">18 гыйнвар көнне туганнар</a></li><li><a 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href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:1755_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төркем:1755 елда вафатлар">1755 елда вафатлар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төркем:Парижда вафатлар">Парижда вафатлар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%80" title="Төркем:Әлифба буенча галимнәр">Әлифба буенча галимнәр</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төркем:Әлифба буенча язучылар">Әлифба буенча язучылар</a></li><li><a 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