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href="#Romances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Romances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chronicle_plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronicle_plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Chronicle plays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronicle_plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attributed_to_Heywood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attributed_to_Heywood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.5</span> <span>Attributed to Heywood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attributed_to_Heywood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masques_and_pageants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masques_and_pageants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Masques and pageants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masques_and_pageants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Prose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Heywood</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thomas Heywood" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thomas Heywood" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thomas Heywood" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A7%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Τόμας Χέιγουντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τόμας Χέιγουντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thomas Heywood" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Thomas Heywood" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="توماس هیوود – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توماس هیوود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thomas Heywood" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4" title="Թոմաս Հեյվուդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թոմաս Հեյվուդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thomas Heywood" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF" title="توماس هيود – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توماس هيود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thomas Heywood" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thomas Heywood" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thomas Heywood" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Thomas Heywood" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Хейвуд, Томас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хейвуд, Томас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thomas Heywood" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2073027#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info-current"><p><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">current revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:Spicemix" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Spicemix" data-mw-revid="1237779135"><bdi>Spicemix</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Spicemix" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Spicemix">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Spicemix" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Spicemix">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">12:21, 31 July 2024</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Creative_activity">→<bdi dir="ltr">Creative 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Thomas+Heywood%22">"Thomas Heywood"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Thomas+Heywood%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Thomas+Heywood%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Thomas+Heywood%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Thomas+Heywood%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Thomas+Heywood%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Pleasant_Comedy,_Called_a_Maidenhead_Well_Lost.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/A_Pleasant_Comedy%2C_Called_a_Maidenhead_Well_Lost.jpg/220px-A_Pleasant_Comedy%2C_Called_a_Maidenhead_Well_Lost.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/A_Pleasant_Comedy%2C_Called_a_Maidenhead_Well_Lost.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Title page from <i>A Pleasant Comedy, Called a Maidenhead Well Lost,</i> 1634</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Thomas Heywood</b> (early 1570s – 16 August 1641) was an <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> playwright, actor, and author. His main contributions were to late <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabethan theatre">Elizabethan</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Jacobean_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobean theatre">Jacobean theatre</a>. He is best known for his masterpiece <i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_Killed_with_Kindness" title="A Woman Killed with Kindness">A Woman Killed with Kindness</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Domestic_tragedy" title="Domestic tragedy">domestic tragedy</a>, which was first performed in <a href="/wiki/1603_in_literature" title="1603 in literature">1603</a> at the <a href="/wiki/The_Rose_(theatre)" title="The Rose (theatre)">Rose Theatre</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Worcester%27s_Men" title="Worcester's Men">Worcester's Men</a> company.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a prolific writer, claiming to have had "an entire hand or at least a maine finger in two hundred and twenty plays", although only a fraction of his work has survived. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Few details of Heywood's life have been documented with certainty. Most references indicate that the county of his birth was most likely <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a>, while the year has been variously given as 1570, 1573, 1574 and 1575. It has been speculated that his father was a country parson and that he was related to the half-century-earlier dramatist <a href="/wiki/John_Heywood" title="John Heywood">John Heywood</a>, whose death year is, again, uncertain, but indicated as having occurred not earlier than 1575 and not later than 1589. </p><p>Heywood is said to have been educated at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, though his college is a matter of dispute. The persistent tradition that he was a Fellow of <a href="/wiki/Peterhouse,_Cambridge" title="Peterhouse, Cambridge">Peterhouse</a> was discussed and dismissed by a Master of that college.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, there is evidence<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that Heywood was a member of <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_College,_Cambridge" title="Emmanuel College, Cambridge">Emmanuel</a>. Subsequently, however, he moved to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, where the first mention of his dramatic career is a note in the diary of theatre entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Philip_Henslowe" title="Philip Henslowe">Philip Henslowe</a> recording that he was paid for a play that was performed by the <a href="/wiki/Admiral%27s_Men" title="Admiral's Men">Admiral's Men</a>, an acting company, in October 1596. By 1598, he was regularly engaged as a player in the company; since no wages are mentioned, he was presumably a sharer in the company, as was normal for important company members. He was later a member of other companies, including Lord Southampton's, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Strange%27s_Men" title="Lord Strange's Men">Lord Strange's Men</a> and <a href="/wiki/Worcester%27s_Men" title="Worcester's Men">Worcester's Men</a> (who subsequently became known as <a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_Men" title="Queen Anne's Men">Queen Anne's Men</a>). During this time, Heywood was extremely prolific; in his preface to <i>The English Traveller</i> (1633) he describes himself as having had "an entire hand or at least a maine finger in two hundred and twenty plays". However, only twenty three plays and eight <a href="/wiki/Masque" title="Masque">masques</a> have survived that are accepted by historians as wholly or partially authored by him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creative_activity">Creative activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Creative activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heywood's first play may have been <i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Prentices_of_London" title="The Four Prentices of London">The Four Prentices of London</a></i> (printed 1615, but acted some fifteen years earlier). This tale of four <a href="/wiki/Apprentice" class="mw-redirect" title="Apprentice">apprentices</a> who become <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knights</a> and travel to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> may have been intended as a <a href="/wiki/Victorian_burlesque" title="Victorian burlesque">burlesque</a> of the old <a href="/wiki/Romance_(heroic_literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance (heroic literature)">romances</a>, but it is more likely that it was meant seriously to attract the apprentice spectators to whom it was dedicated. Its popularity was satirized in <a href="/wiki/Beaumont_and_Fletcher" title="Beaumont and Fletcher">Beaumont and Fletcher</a>'s travesty of the middle-class taste in drama, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Knight_of_the_Burning_Pestle" title="The Knight of the Burning Pestle">The Knight of the Burning Pestle</a></i>. Heywood's two-part <a href="/wiki/History_play" class="mw-redirect" title="History play">history plays</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_(play)" title="Edward IV (play)">Edward IV</a></i> (printed 1600), and <i><a href="/wiki/If_You_Know_Not_Me,_You_Know_Nobody" title="If You Know Not Me, You Know Nobody">If You Know Not Me, You Know Nobody</a>, or, The Troubles of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Queene Elizabeth</a></i> (1605 and 1606) concern, respectively, <a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Roses" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Roses">The Wars of the Roses</a> and the life of the Queen contrasted with that of the preeminent merchant and financier <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gresham" title="Thomas Gresham">Thomas Gresham</a>. </p><p>He wrote for the stage, and (perhaps disingenuously) protested against the printing of his works, saying he had no time to revise them. <a href="/wiki/Johann_Ludwig_Tieck" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Ludwig Tieck">Johann Ludwig Tieck</a> called him the "model of a light and rare talent", and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lamb_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Lamb (writer)">Charles Lamb</a> wrote that he was a "prose <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>"; Professor Ward, one of Heywood's most sympathetic editors, pointed out that Heywood had a keen eye for dramatic situations and great constructive skill, but his powers of characterization were not on a par with his stagecraft.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2021)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He delighted in what he called "merry accidents", that is, in coarse, broad <a href="/wiki/Farce" title="Farce">farce</a>; his fancy and invention were inexhaustible. </p><p>Heywood's best known plays are his domestic tragedies and comedies (plays set among the English middle classes); his masterpiece is generally considered to be <i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_Killed_with_Kindness" title="A Woman Killed with Kindness">A Woman Killed with Kindness</a></i> (acted 1603; printed 1607), a domestic tragedy about an adulterous wife, and a widely admired <a href="/wiki/Plautus" title="Plautus">Plautine</a> farce <i>The English Traveller</i> (acted approximately 1627; printed 15 July 1633), which is also known for its informative "Preface", giving Heywood an opportunity to inform the reader about his prolific creative output. His citizen comedies are noteworthy because of their physicality and energy. They provide a psycho-geography of the sights, smells, and sounds of London's wharfs, markets, shops, and streets which contrasts with the more conventional generalisations about the sites of commerce, which are satirised in city comedies. </p><p>Heywood wrote numerous prose works, mostly pamphlets about contemporary subjects, of interest now primarily to historians studying the period. His best known long essay is <i>An Apology for Actors</i>, a moderately-toned and reasonable reply to <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> attacks on the stage, which contains a wealth of detailed information on the actors and acting conditions of Heywood's day. It is in the "Epistle to the Printer" in this 1612 work that Heywood writes about <a href="/wiki/William_Jaggard" title="William Jaggard">William Jaggard</a>'s appropriation of two of Heywood's poems for the same year's edition of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Passionate_Pilgrim" title="The Passionate Pilgrim">The Passionate Pilgrim</a></i>. In 1641 Heywood had printed <i>The Life of Merlin Surnamed Ambrosius</i>. The book chronicled all the kings of England dating back to the legendary king Brutus, who had come from Troy to start an exploration and a new colony, up to Charles I who was the King when Heywood died. The book goes on to chronicle certain prophesies told by Merlin and the interpretations of each and explanation of each within the context of the modern world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_two_decades">Final two decades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Final two decades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1619 and 1624, Heywood seems to have inexplicably ceased all activity as an actor, but from 1624, until his death seventeen years later, his name frequently appears in contemporary accounts. In this period, Heywood was associated with Christopher Beeston's company at The Phoenix theatre, Queen Henrietta's Men or Lady Elizabeth's Men. At The Phoenix, Heywood produced new plays such as <i>The Captives</i>, <i>The English Traveller</i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Maidenhead_Well_Lost" title="A Maidenhead Well Lost">A Maidenhead Well Lost</a></i> as well as revivals of old plays. Numerous volumes of his prose and poetry were published, including two lengthy poetic works, <i>Gynaikeion</i> (1624), described as "nine books of various history concerning women" and, eleven years later, <i>The Hierarchy of the Blessed Angels</i>. As a measure of Heywood's popular standing in the final years of his life, <i>Love's Mistress or the Queen's Masque</i>, a play published in 1636, but performed since 1634, was reported to have been seen by <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a> and his queen three times in eight days. </p><p>According to writings of the period, Thomas Heywood had been living in <a href="/wiki/Clerkenwell" title="Clerkenwell">Clerkenwell</a> since 1623 and it was there, at <a href="/wiki/St_James_Church,_Clerkenwell" class="mw-redirect" title="St James Church, Clerkenwell">St. James's Church</a> that he was buried eighteen years later. Because of the uncertainty regarding the year of his birth, his age can only be estimated, but he was likely in his late sixties, possibly having reached seventy. The date of the burial, 16 August 1641, the only documented date, also appears in a number of reference books as Heywood's death date, although he may actually have died days earlier. It may be presumed, however, that due to a possible August heatwave, the burial occurred on an expedited basis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plays">Plays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tragedies">Tragedies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tragedies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_Killed_with_Kindness" title="A Woman Killed with Kindness">A Woman Killed with Kindness</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1603</span>), a <a href="/wiki/Domestic_tragedy" title="Domestic tragedy">domestic tragedy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Rape_of_Lucrece_(play)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Rape of Lucrece (play) (page does not exist)">The Rape of Lucrece</a></i> (1608)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Comedies">Comedies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Comedies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=How_a_Man_May_Choose_a_Good_Wife_from_a_Bad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="How a Man May Choose a Good Wife from a Bad (page does not exist)">How a Man May Choose a Good Wife from a Bad</a></i> (1602)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wise_Woman_of_Hoxton" title="The Wise Woman of Hoxton">The Wise Woman of Hoxton</a></i> (performed c. 1604; printed 1634)</li> <li><i>The Captives</i> (licensed 1624)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Maidenhead_Well_Lost" title="A Maidenhead Well Lost">A Maidenhead Well Lost</a></i> (performed and published 1634)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Late_Lancashire_Witches" title="The Late Lancashire Witches">The Late Lancashire Witches</a></i> (1634), written in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brome" title="Richard Brome">Richard Brome</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Romances">Romances</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Romances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Prentices_of_London" title="The Four Prentices of London">The Four Prentices of London</a></i> (performed c. 1592; published 1615), a romantic drama</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Royal_King_and_Loyal_Subject&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Royal King and Loyal Subject (page does not exist)">The Royal King and Loyal Subject</a></i> (performed c. 1615–18; printed 1637)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fair_Maid_of_the_West" title="The Fair Maid of the West">The Fair Maid of the West</a> Parts One and Two</i> (both printed 1631), a romantic drama</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Challenge_for_Beauty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Challenge for Beauty (page does not exist)">A Challenge for Beauty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Traveler" class="mw-redirect" title="The English Traveler">The English Traveler</a></i> (performed c. 1627; printed 1633)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_by_Land_and_Sea" title="Fortune by Land and Sea">Fortune by Land and Sea</a></i> (printed 1655), written in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/William_Rowley" title="William Rowley">William Rowley</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chronicle_plays">Chronicle plays</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Chronicle plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/If_You_Know_Not_Me,_You_Know_Nobody" title="If You Know Not Me, You Know Nobody">If You Know Not Me, You Know Nobody</a> Parts One and Two</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_(play)" title="Edward IV (play)">Edward IV</a> Parts One and Two</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Age_(Thomas_Heywood_play)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Golden Age (Thomas Heywood play)">The Golden Age</a></i> (1611)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silver_Age" title="The Silver Age">The Silver Age</a></i> (1613)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Brazen_Age&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Brazen Age (page does not exist)">The Brazen Age</a></i> (1613)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="The Iron Age">The Iron Age</a>, Part One and Part Two</i> (1632)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Attributed_to_Heywood">Attributed to Heywood</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Attributed to Heywood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fair_Maid_of_the_Exchange" title="The Fair Maid of the Exchange">The Fair Maid of the Exchange</a></i> (printed anonymously in 1607), domestic drama doubtfully attributed to Heywood</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dick_of_Devonshire" title="Dick of Devonshire">Dick of Devonshire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cure_for_a_Cuckold" title="A Cure for a Cuckold">A Cure for a Cuckold</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_New_Wonder,_a_Woman_Never_Vexed" title="A New Wonder, a Woman Never Vexed">A New Wonder, a Woman Never Vexed</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Appius_and_Virginia" title="Appius and Virginia">Appius and Virginia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swetnam_the_Woman-Hater" title="Swetnam the Woman-Hater">Swetnam the Woman-Hater</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Thracian_Wonder" title="The Thracian Wonder">The Thracian Wonder</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masques_and_pageants">Masques and pageants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Masques and pageants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Mistress" class="mw-redirect" title="Love's Mistress">Love's Mistress</a> or The Queens Masque</i> (printed 1636), the story of <a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche" title="Cupid and Psyche">Cupid and Psyche</a> as told by <a href="/wiki/Apuleius" title="Apuleius">Apuleius</a></li> <li>A series of pageants, most of them devised for the City of London, or its guilds, by Heywood, printed in 1637</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry">Poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Troia Britannica, or Great Britain's Troy</i> (1609), a poem in seventeen <a href="/wiki/Canto" title="Canto">cantos</a> "intermixed with many pleasant poetical tales" and "concluding with an universal chronicle from the creation until the present time"</li> <li><i>The Hierarchy of the Blessed Angels</i> (1635), a <a href="/wiki/Didactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Didactic">didactic</a> poem in nine books;</li> <li><i>Pleasant Dialogue, and Dramas Selected Out of <a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a>, etc.</i> (1637)</li> <li><i>The Conspiracie of <a href="/wiki/Catiline_His_Conspiracy" title="Catiline His Conspiracy">Cateline</a></i> [<i>sic</i>] and <i>Warre of <a href="/wiki/Jugurthine_War" title="Jugurthine War">Jugurth</a></i> [<i>sic</i>], translations of <a href="/wiki/Sallust" title="Sallust">Sallust</a> (1608).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prose">Prose</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Prose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>An Apology for Actors, Containing Three Brief Treatises</i> (1612), edited for the Shakespeare Society in 1841</li> <li><i>Gynaikeion or Nine Books of Various History Concerning Women</i> (1624)</li> <li><i>England's Elizabeth, Her Life and Troubles During Her Minority from Time Cradle to the Crown</i> (1631)</li> <li><i>The Life of <a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a>, surnamed Ambrosius; his Prophecies and Predictions Interpreted, and their Truth Made Good by our English Annals: Being a Chronographical History of all the Kings and Memorable Passages of this Kingdom, from Brute to the reign of King Charles </i> (1641)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gurr (1992, 243), Massai (2002, xi), McLuskie (1994, 91), and Thomson (1998, 486). The play was first printed in <a href="/wiki/1607_in_literature" title="1607 in literature">1607</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWard1910" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Sir A W (1910). "His life: London and Court associations". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/216/0403.html"><i>The Cambridge History of English Literature, Volume VI</i></a> (1950 ed.). p. 83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=His+life%3A+London+and+Court+associations&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+English+Literature%2C+Volume+VI.&rft.pages=83&rft.edition=1950&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Sir+A+W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F216%2F0403.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Heywood" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Emmanuel College Magazine</i>. Emmanuel College. July 1986. pp. 24–25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emmanuel+College+Magazine&rft.pages=24-25&rft.pub=Emmanuel+College&rft.date=1986-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Heywood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gurr" title="Andrew Gurr">Gurr, Andrew</a>. 1992. <i>The Shakespearean Stage 1574-1642</i>. Third ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-42240-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-42240-X">0-521-42240-X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._E._Halliday" title="F. E. Halliday">Halliday, F. E.</a> 1964. <i>A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964</i>. Baltimore: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</a>.</li> <li>Massai, Sonia. 2002. "Editor's Introduction" in <i>The Wise Woman of Hoxton</i>. By Thomas Heywood. Globe Quartos ser. London: Nick Hern. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-854-59707-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-854-59707-8">1-854-59707-8</a>. xi-xiv.</li> <li>McLuskie, Kathleen E. 1994. <i>Dekker & Heywood: Professional Dramatists</i>. English Dramatists ser. London: Macmillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-46237-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-46237-8">0-333-46237-8</a>.</li> <li>Sullivan, Ceri. 2002. '<i>If You Know Not Me</i> (2) and Commercial Revue', <i>The Rhetoric of Credit: Merchants in Early Modern Writing</i>. Madison. ch. 5.</li> <li>Thomson, Peter. 1998. "Heywood, Thomas" In <i>The Cambridge Guide to Theatre.</i> Ed. Martin Banham. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43437-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43437-8">0-521-43437-8</a>. p. 486.</li> <li>Velte, F. Mowbray. 1924 <i>The Bourgeois Elements in the Dramas of Thomas Heywood.</i> Mysore: Wesleyan Mission Press, 1924; reprint ed. New York: Haskell House, 1966</li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Heywood,_Thomas" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Heywood, Thomas">Heywood, Thomas</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 439–440.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Heywood%2C+Thomas&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=439-440&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Heywood" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Heywood&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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