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Try again later.</div><div id="gs_md_s"></div><div id="gs_hdr_drw" class="gs_md_ulr gs_md_ds" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" data-shd="gs_hdr_drs" data-wfc="gs_hdr_drw_mnu" data-cfc="gs_hdr_mnu"><div id="gs_hdr_drw_in"><div id="gs_hdr_drw_top"><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="gs_hdr_drw_mnu" role="button" aria-controls="gs_hdr_drw" aria-label="Options" class="gs_btnMNT gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><a id="gs_hdr_drw_lgo" href="/?hl=en" aria-label="Homepage"></a></div><div><div class="gs_hdr_drw_sec"><a href="/scholar_settings?hl=en" role="menuitem" class="gs_btnP gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Settings</span></a></div></div><div id="gs_hdr_drw_bot" class="gs_hdr_drw_sec"><a href="https://accounts.google.com/Login?hl=en&continue=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case%3Fabout%3D1979388269865046511%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D2006%26as_ylo%3D2022%26as_yhi%3D2022" class=" gs_in_ib gs_md_li gs_md_lix gs_in_gray"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl">Sign in</span></a></div></div></div><div id="gs_hdr" role="banner"><a href="/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_ylo=2022&as_yhi=2022" id="gs_hdr_bck" role="button" class="gs_btnALT gs_in_ib gs_btn_lrge"><span class="gs_ico"></span><span class="gs_ia_notf"></span><span class="gs_lbl"></span></a><div id="gs_hdr_md"><h1 dir="ltr">West Virginia v. EPA, 597 US 697 - Supreme Court 2022</h1></div><div id="gs_hdr_act"><a id="gs_hdr_act_s" href="https://accounts.google.com/Login?hl=en&continue=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case%3Fabout%3D1979388269865046511%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D2006%26as_ylo%3D2022%26as_yhi%3D2022">Sign in</a></div></div><style>#gs_alrt{position:fixed;bottom:48px;left:16px;max-width:384px;z-index:1250;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;font-size:13px;line-height:16px;color:#e2e2e2;background:#333;text-align:left;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 6px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 18px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12);visibility:hidden;transform-origin:center;transform:scale(0.8,0.8) translate(0,100%);}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt{bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;max-width:none;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;transform:scale(1,1) translate(0,100%);}#gs_alrt.gs_vis{visibility:visible;transform:scale(1,1) translate(0,0);}#gs_alrt.gs_anm{transition:transform .067s cubic-bezier(.4,0,1,1),visibility 0s .067s;}#gs_alrt.gs_vis.gs_anm{transition:transform .067s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt.gs_anm{transition:transform .084s cubic-bezier(.4,0,1,1),visibility 0s .084s;}.gs_el_ph #gs_alrt.gs_vis.gs_anm{transition:transform .1s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1);}#gs_alrt_m{display:block;padding:16px;}#gs_alrt_l{display:block;padding:8px;margin:0 8px 0 -8px;border-radius:3px;color:#fcc934;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;}#gs_alrt_l:hover{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.05)}#gs_alrt_l:active{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.1)}#gs_alrt_l:empty{display:none}#gs_alrt_m a{padding:8px 0;color:#e2e2e2;text-decoration:underline;}#gs_alrt_m a:active{color:#f6aea9}</style><form action="" method="post" id="gs_alrt"><span id="gs_alrt_m"></span><span id="gs_alrt_h"></span><a id="gs_alrt_l" href="javascript:void(0)" class="gs_fm_s" data-fm="gs_alrt"></a></form><div id="gs_ab" class=""><div id="gs_ab_ico" class="gs_btnGSL"><span class="gs_ico"></span></div><div id="gs_ab_ttl"><div class="gs_ab_mdw"><div id="gs_tbar_lt"><a href="/scholar_case?case=1979388269865046511&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_ylo=2022&as_yhi=2022">Read</a><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="gs_sel">How cited</a></div></div></div><div id="gs_ab_md"><div class="gs_ab_mdw"></div></div><div id="gs_ab_btns"></div></div><div id="gs_bdy"><div id="gs_bdy_sb" role="navigation"><div id="gs_bdy_sb_in"></div></div><div id="gs_bdy_ccl" role="main"><div id="gs_howcited_ccl"><div id="gs_howcited_leftw"><div id="gs_howcited_left"><h3 class="gs_section_title gs_nph">How this document has been cited</h3><div class="gs_result"><div class="gs_title"><span class="gs_ico_lq"></span>It is fundamental that "words of a statute must be read in their context and with a view to their place in the overall statutory scheme."<span class="gs_ico_rq"></span></div><div class="gs_citation">- in <a href="/scholar_case?case=1316389015776032446&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_ylo=2022&as_yhi=2022">Watterson v. BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS AND EXPLOSIVES, 2024</a> and 117 similar citations</div></div><div class="gs_result"><div class="gs_title"><span class="gs_ico_lq"></span>In West Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency, the Court defined the thrust of the major questions doctrine as addressing the recurring problem of "agencies asserting highly consequential power beyond what Congress could reasonably be understood to have granted."<span class="gs_ico_rq"></span></div><div class="gs_citation">- in <a href="/scholar_case?case=2992588725351178681&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_ylo=2022&as_yhi=2022">West Virginia v. US Department of the Treasury, 2023</a> and 80 similar citations</div></div><div class="gs_result"><div class="gs_title"><span class="gs_ico_lq"></span>"Under that doctrine's terms, administrative agencies must be able to point to clear congressional authorization when they claim the power to make decisions of vast economic and political significance."<span class="gs_ico_rq"></span></div><div class="gs_citation">- in <a href="/scholar_case?case=17650676623126284131&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_ylo=2022&as_yhi=2022">GENBIOPRO, INC. v. SORSAIA, 2023</a> and 84 similar citations</div></div><div class="gs_result"><div class="gs_title"><span class="gs_ico_lq"></span>Instead, the Court presumes that "Congress intends to make major policy decisions itself, and not leave those decisions to agencies."<span class="gs_ico_rq"></span></div><div class="gs_citation">- in <a href="/scholar_case?case=7602665949224136939&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_ylo=2022&as_yhi=2022">West Virginia v. US ENVIRONMENTAL PROT. AGENCY, 2023</a> and 104 similar citations</div></div><div class="gs_result"><div class="gs_title"><span class="gs_ico_lq"></span>By contrast, in another recent case, the Supreme Court crystalized the long-developing major-questions doctrine.<span class="gs_ico_rq"></span></div><div class="gs_citation">- in <a href="/scholar_case?case=12171919899029053444&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_ylo=2022&as_yhi=2022">Texas v. Becerra, 2023</a> and 63 similar citations</div></div><div class="gs_result"><div class="gs_title"><span class="gs_ico_lq"></span>"[I] n certain extraordinary circumstances, both separation of powers principles and a practical understanding of legislative intent make us `reluctant to read into ambiguous statutory text'the delegation claimed to be lurking there "absent" clear congressional authorization "for the power claimed.<span class="gs_ico_rq"></span></div><div class="gs_citation">- in <a href="/scholar_case?case=12574223403559267360&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_ylo=2022&as_yhi=2022">NCCFRG v. Capt. Gaston LLC, 2023</a> and 114 similar citations</div></div><div class="gs_result"><div class="gs_title"><span class="gs_ico_lq"></span>In such "extraordinary cases," "the `history and the breadth of the authority that [the agency] has asserted,'and the `economic and political significance'of that assertion, provide a `reason to hesitate before concluding that Congress' meant to confer such authority. "<span class="gs_ico_rq"></span></div><div class="gs_citation">- in <a href="/scholar_case?case=10313448263022912047&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_ylo=2022&as_yhi=2022">Tennessee v. UNITED STATES DEP'T OF AGRICULTURE, 2023</a> and 200 similar citations</div></div><div class="gs_result"><div class="gs_title"><span class="gs_ico_lq"></span>"Extraordinary grants of regulatory authority are rarely accomplished through `modest words,'`vague terms,'or `subtle device [s].'"<span class="gs_ico_rq"></span></div><div class="gs_citation">- in <a href="/scholar_case?case=3006813386139274701&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_ylo=2022&as_yhi=2022">Abbott v. Harris County, 2023</a> and 75 similar citations</div></div><div class="gs_result"><div class="gs_title"><span class="gs_ico_lq"></span>The major questions doctrine holds that courts "expect Congress to speak clearly if it wishes to assign to an agency decisions of vast economic and political significance."<span class="gs_ico_rq"></span></div><div class="gs_citation">- in <a href="/scholar_case?case=13039961561861612772&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_ylo=2022&as_yhi=2022">SAVE JOBS USA v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, 2024</a> and 64 similar citations</div></div><div class="gs_result"><div class="gs_title"><span class="gs_ico_lq"></span>It is the doctrine of mootness, not standing, that addresses whether an intervening circumstance has deprived the plaintiff of a personal stake in the outcome of the lawsuit. "(cleaned up<span class="gs_ico_rq"></span></div><div class="gs_citation">- in <a href="/scholar_case?case=3709540548765376365&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_ylo=2022&as_yhi=2022">Tiedemann v. 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