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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografi_i_urval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi_i_urval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bibliografi i urval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi_i_urval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chaïm Perelman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 20 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حاييم بيرلمان – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حاييم بيرلمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chajim_Perelman" title="Chajim Perelman – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chajim Perelman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Perelman" title="Chaim Perelman – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chaim Perelman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chaïm Perelman" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chaïm Perelman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chaïm Perelman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%84_%ED%8E%98%EB%A0%90%EB%A7%8C" title="카임 페렐만 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카임 페렐만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Perelman" title="Chaim Perelman – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chaim Perelman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="חיים פרלמן – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיים פרלמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حاييم بيرلمان – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حاييم بيرلمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chaïm Perelman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="カイム・ペレルマン – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カイム・ペレルマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chaïm Perelman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chaïm Perelman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chaïm Perelman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Перельман, Хаим – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перельман, Хаим" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Chaïm Perelman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Chaïm Perelman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Chaïm Perelman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BC_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хаїм Перельман – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хаїм Перельман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q456301#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [inte skriven än] [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&oldid=55456796" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&id=55456796&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCha%25C3%25AFm_Perelman"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCha%25C3%25AFm_Perelman"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Cha%C3%AFm+Perelman"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a 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0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="fn">Chaïm Perelman</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman.jpg/248px-Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman.jpg/372px-Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman.jpg/496px-Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <div style=""></div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/20_maj" title="20 maj">20 maj</a> <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a><sup id="cite_ref-2940ab4e3d19d5d51f2c8adca35413e0ecae3eb7_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2940ab4e3d19d5d51f2c8adca35413e0ecae3eb7-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33fd0d0ab4dc34d8ef38f2294717ac47306c7006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33fd0d0ab4dc34d8ef38f2294717ac47306c7006-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4147bc65e3ef902026f8b1de95dfb88101c7dd2f_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4147bc65e3ef902026f8b1de95dfb88101c7dd2f-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Warszawa" title="Warszawa">Warszawa</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Död</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/22_januari" title="22 januari">22 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a><sup id="cite_ref-2940ab4e3d19d5d51f2c8adca35413e0ecae3eb7_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2940ab4e3d19d5d51f2c8adca35413e0ecae3eb7-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33fd0d0ab4dc34d8ef38f2294717ac47306c7006_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33fd0d0ab4dc34d8ef38f2294717ac47306c7006-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4147bc65e3ef902026f8b1de95dfb88101c7dd2f_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4147bc65e3ef902026f8b1de95dfb88101c7dd2f-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (71 år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Uccle" title="Uccle">Uccle</a><sup id="cite_ref-15a4718656a4b35ca0ecce1c48f25cfb63c9a3f9_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15a4718656a4b35ca0ecce1c48f25cfb63c9a3f9-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-f69ab3b8859a6eda6c145f101f02875440955266_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f69ab3b8859a6eda6c145f101f02875440955266-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eller <a href="/wiki/Bryssel_(kommun)" title="Bryssel (kommun)">Bryssel</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Medborgare i</th><td class="kategori" style=""><a href="/wiki/Belgien" title="Belgien">Belgien</a><sup id="cite_ref-15a4718656a4b35ca0ecce1c48f25cfb63c9a3f9_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15a4718656a4b35ca0ecce1c48f25cfb63c9a3f9-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Utbildad vid</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universit%C3%A9_libre_de_Bruxelles_(1834-1969)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Université libre de Bruxelles (1834-1969) [inte skriven än]">Université libre de Bruxelles (1834-1969)</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456301?uselang=sv#P69"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Sysselsättning</th><td class="roll" style=""><a href="/wiki/Filosof" title="Filosof">Filosof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universitetsl%C3%A4rare" title="Universitetslärare">universitetslärare</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Arbetsgivare</th><td class="org" style=""><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Université de Liège">Universitetet i Liège</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universit%C3%A9_libre_de_Bruxelles_(1834-1969)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Université libre de Bruxelles (1834-1969) [inte skriven än]">Université libre de Bruxelles (1834-1969)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Libre_de_Bruxelles" title="Université Libre de Bruxelles">Université libre de Bruxelles</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Maka</th><td class="" style=""><span class="modulwikidata2_missingswedishlabel" title="engelska" data-q="Q3092277">Felicie Perelman</span><br /><small>(g. 1935–)</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align:left">Utmärkelser</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Francquipriset" title="Francquipriset">Francquipriset</a><small> (1962)</small><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hedersdoktor_vid_Hebreiska_universitetet_i_Jerusalem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hedersdoktor vid Hebreiska universitetet i Jerusalem [inte skriven än]">Hedersdoktor vid Hebreiska universitetet i Jerusalem</a><small> (1969)</small><sup id="cite_ref-5f4518c0e472d7afe1589ff93fb9dffd5f57f10d_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5f4518c0e472d7afe1589ff93fb9dffd5f57f10d-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left" class=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Chaïm Perelman">Redigera Wikidata</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Chaïm Perelman</b>, född <a href="/wiki/20_maj" title="20 maj">20 maj</a> <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a> i <a href="/wiki/Warszawa" title="Warszawa">Warszawa</a>, död <a href="/wiki/22_januari" title="22 januari">22 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bryssel" title="Bryssel">Bryssel</a>, var en <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">polskfödd</a> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttsfilosof" class="mw-redirect" title="Rättsfilosof">rättsfilosof</a>, som var en av 1900-talets viktigaste <a href="/wiki/Argumentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Argumentation">argumentationsteoretiker</a>. Hans huvudverk är <i>Traité de l'argumentation - la nouvelle rhétorique</i> (1958). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografi">Biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a> emigrerade Perelman med sin familj från Warszawa till Bryssel, och han började några år senare vid <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Libre_de_Bruxelles" title="Université Libre de Bruxelles">Université Libre de Bruxelles</a>, där han skulle fortsätta vara verksam under en stor del av sitt liv. Han blev <a href="/wiki/Jur.dr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jur.dr.">jur.dr.</a> där <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>, och tog <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a> en andra <a href="/wiki/Doktor" title="Doktor">doktorstitel</a> med en avhandling om <a href="/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik">matematikern</a> och filosofen <a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Frege" title="Gottlob Frege">Gottlob Frege</a>. Därefter blev han <a href="/wiki/Lektor" title="Lektor">lektor</a> vid <a href="/wiki/Fakultet" title="Fakultet">fakulteten</a> för filosofi och litteratur vid universitetet. Vid <a href="/wiki/Andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Andra världskriget">andra världskrigets</a> slut, blev han utnämnd till <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> i <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historia</a>, och var därmed universitetets yngste i den befattningen. </p><p>Perelmans tidigaste forskning i <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttsvetenskap" title="Rättsvetenskap">rättsvetenskap</a> och filosofi, var under påverkan av den <a href="/wiki/Logisk_positivism" title="Logisk positivism">logiska positivismen</a> (som i rättsvetenskapen tagit sig uttryck i <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttspositivism" title="Rättspositivism">rättspositivism</a>). 1944 blev han färdig med en <a href="/wiki/Empiri" title="Empiri">empirisk</a> studie av <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttvisa" title="Rättvisa">rättvisa</a>, och kom i denna till slutsatsen, att eftersom alla rättshandlingar bygger på <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rdeomd%C3%B6me" title="Värdeomdöme">värdeomdömen</a>, och eftersom värden inte kan förklaras med <a href="/wiki/Logik" title="Logik">logiken</a>, måste rättens grundval vara godtycke. Under det att Perelman fullbordade sin studie, fann han den oförsvarbar, eftersom värdeomdömen utgör en omistlig del av argumentation och beslutsfattande, och att påstå att dessa omdömen saknar logisk grund innebar att förneka filosofins, rättsvetenskapens, politikens, och etikens fundamentala rationalitet. </p><p>Som en följd av den empiriska studien, tog Perleman avstånd från positivismen och återgick till den äldre filosofin som förmedlade rationella argument för värdeomdömen. 1948 mötte han Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, som också var verksam vid Université Libre de Bruxelles, och de började samarbeta med ett projekt som så småningom skulle återföra <a href="/wiki/Antiken" title="Antiken">antikens</a> <a href="/wiki/Retorik" title="Retorik">retorik</a> som plattform för värdeomdömenas logik. </p><p>1958 utkom Perelman och Olbrecht-Tyeca med deras studie om informell argumentation under titeln <i>Traité de l'argumentation: la nouvelle rhétorique</i>. Utförd i en fregeansk anda av observationer och <a href="/wiki/Syntes_(filosofi)" title="Syntes (filosofi)">synteser</a>, analyserade de i verket en stor andel av faktiska argument inom filosofin, rättsvetenskapen, <a href="/wiki/Politik" title="Politik">politiken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etik" title="Etik">etiken</a> och <a href="/wiki/Journalistik" title="Journalistik">journalistiken</a>. Resultatet var en <a href="/wiki/Teori" title="Teori">teori</a> om argumentation som byggde på beaktandet av <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rden" title="Värden">värden</a> och åhörare, samt generella retoriska tekniker. </p><p>Perleman erbjöds 1962 en gästprofessur vid <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State University</a> av Henry W. Johnstone och Robert Oliver. Samarbetet med i synnerhet Johnstone, som påbörjats före lanseringen av <i>la nouvelle rhétorique</i>, visade sig fruktbart. Johnstone grundade <i>Philosophy and Rhetoric</i>, en tidskrift som blev mycket inflytelserik, och Perleman etablerade sig i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> som en av de ledande retorikerna. </p><p>De närmaste två årtiondena, fortsatte Perleman att utge arbeten om den Nya retoriken. Han gav även betydelsefulla bidrag till rättsvetenskapen såsom direktör för Nationella centret för juridisk forskning vid Université Libre de Bruxelles, och med böcker om rättsfilosofi och argumentering. </p><p>Som erkännande för hans akademiska och civila företrädanden, utnämndes Perleman till <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">baron</a> av <a href="/wiki/Belgien" title="Belgien">Belgiens</a> <a href="/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament">parlament</a> i december 1983. </p><p>Han avled i Bryssel i sitt hem av en hjärtattack 12 januari 1984. </p><p>Till svenska finns <i>L'Empire rhétorique</i> översatt, <i>Retorikens imperium : retorik och argumentation</i> (2004). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi_i_urval">Bibliografi i urval</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bibliografi i urval" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bibliografi i urval"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Artiklar</b> </p> <ul><li>1948 - ”Le problème du bon choix”, <i>Revue de l’Institut de Sociologie</i>, 3, 383-98.</li> <li>1949 - ”Philosophies premières et philosophie régressive”, <i>Dialectica</i>, 3, 175-91.</li></ul> <p><b>Böcker</b> </p> <ul><li>1963 - <i>Justice et raison</i>. Bruxelles: Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles.</li> <li>1968 - <i>Droit, morale et philosophie</i>. Paris: Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence.</li> <li>1969 - <i>Le Champ de l'argumentation</i>. Bruxelles: Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles.</li> <li>1976 - <i>Logique juridique</i>. Paris: Dalloz.</li> <li>1977 - <i>L'Empire rhétorique</i>. Paris: Vrin.</li> <li>1984 - <i>Le Raisonnable et le déraisonnable en droit</i>. Paris: Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence.</li></ul> <p><b>Med Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca</b> </p> <ul><li>1950 - ”Logique et rhétorique”, <i>Revue philosophique</i>, 140, 1-35.</li> <li>1952 - <i>Rhétorique et philosophie: Pour une théorie de l'argumentation en philosophie</i>. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.</li> <li>1958 - <i>Traité de l'argumentation: La nouvelle rhétorique</i>. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>artikeln påbörjades som en översättning av en del av <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaim_Perelman&oldid=83785964">den engelska artikeln</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2940ab4e3d19d5d51f2c8adca35413e0ecae3eb7-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-2940ab4e3d19d5d51f2c8adca35413e0ecae3eb7_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2940ab4e3d19d5d51f2c8adca35413e0ecae3eb7_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Brockhaus_Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Brockhaus Enzyklopädie">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Brockhaus_Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Brockhaus Enzyklopädie">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie-ID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/perelman-chaim">perelman-chaim</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33fd0d0ab4dc34d8ef38f2294717ac47306c7006-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-33fd0d0ab4dc34d8ef38f2294717ac47306c7006_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-33fd0d0ab4dc34d8ef38f2294717ac47306c7006_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Dalibor Brozović & Tomislav Ladan, <i><span title="kroatiska">Hrvatska enciklopedija</span></i>, lexikografiska institutet Miroslav Krleža, 1999, Hrvatska enciklopedija-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=47549">47549</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4147bc65e3ef902026f8b1de95dfb88101c7dd2f-3">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-4147bc65e3ef902026f8b1de95dfb88101c7dd2f_3-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-4147bc65e3ef902026f8b1de95dfb88101c7dd2f_3-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bruno Delmas & <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9mi_Mathis" title="Rémi Mathis">Rémi Mathis</a> (red.), <i><span title="franska">Annuaire prosopographique : la France savante</span></i>, CTHS person-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cths.fr/an/savant.php?id=118054">118054</a>, läst: 9 oktober 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15a4718656a4b35ca0ecce1c48f25cfb63c9a3f9-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-15a4718656a4b35ca0ecce1c48f25cfb63c9a3f9_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-15a4718656a4b35ca0ecce1c48f25cfb63c9a3f9_4-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academieroyale.be/academie/documents/PERELMANChaimARB_198638610.pdf">läs online</a>, <i>www.academieroyale.be</i> , läst: 21 juli 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f69ab3b8859a6eda6c145f101f02875440955266-5"><a href="#cite_ref-f69ab3b8859a6eda6c145f101f02875440955266_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nouvelle Biographie nationale</i>, Kungliga belgiska vetenskapsakademin, <i>no value</i>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5f4518c0e472d7afe1589ff93fb9dffd5f57f10d-6"><a href="#cite_ref-5f4518c0e472d7afe1589ff93fb9dffd5f57f10d_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.huji.ac.il/htbin/hon_doc/doc_search.pl?search">läs online</a>, <i>www3.huji.ac.il</i> , läst: 6 mars 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox 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title="Retorik">Retorik</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Genrer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Apologetik" title="Apologetik">Apologetik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Blixttal" title="Blixttal">Blixttal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brandtal" title="Brandtal">Brandtal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Debatt" title="Debatt">Debatt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">Filibuster</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Demagogi" title="Demagogi">Demagogi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dialektik" title="Dialektik">Dialektik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sokratisk_metod" title="Sokratisk metod">Sokratisk metod</a>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Exemplum" title="Exemplum">Exemplum</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rel%C3%A4sning" title="Föreläsning">Föreläsning</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Genus_deliberativum" title="Genus deliberativum">Genus deliberativum</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Genus_demonstrativum" title="Genus demonstrativum">Genus demonstrativum</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Genus_judiciale" title="Genus judiciale">Genus judiciale</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Homiletik" title="Homiletik">Homiletik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Inledningsanf%C3%B6rande" title="Inledningsanförande">Inledningsanförande</a> · <a href="/wiki/Intr%C3%A4destal" title="Inträdestal">Inträdestal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jungfrutal" title="Jungfrutal">Jungfrutal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Linjetal" title="Linjetal">Linjetal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lovtal" title="Lovtal">Lovtal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oration" title="Oration">Oration</a> · <a href="/wiki/Polemik" title="Polemik">Polemik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Diatrib" title="Diatrib">Diatrib</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eristik" title="Eristik">Eristik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Filippik" title="Filippik">Filippik</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Parentation" title="Parentation">Parentation</a> · <a href="/wiki/Predikan" title="Predikan">Predikan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Agitation" title="Agitation">Agitation</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spin_(PR)" title="Spin (PR)">Spin</a>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Progymnasmata" title="Progymnasmata">Progymnasmata</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ethopoeia" title="Ethopoeia">Ethopoeia</a></i>) · <a href="/wiki/%C3%84reminne" title="Äreminne">Äreminne</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="13"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg/90px-Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg/135px-Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg/180px-Aristotle_Altemps_Inv8575.jpg 2x" 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data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Termer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Aptum" title="Aptum">Aptum</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Arete_(retorik)" title="Arete (retorik)">Arete</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Argument_(retorik)" title="Argument (retorik)">Argument</a> (<a href="/wiki/Entymem" title="Entymem">Entymem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Epikirem" title="Epikirem">Epikirem</a> · <a href="/wiki/Argumentationsfel" title="Argumentationsfel">Fallasi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paradigm_(retorik)" title="Paradigm (retorik)">Paradigm</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Pro_et_contra" title="Pro et contra">Pro et contra</a></i>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Attentum" title="Attentum">Attentum</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Benivolum" title="Benivolum">Benivolum</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Copia" title="Copia">Copia</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Dekorum" title="Dekorum">Dekorum</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dispositio" title="Dispositio">Disposition</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Exordium" title="Exordium">Exordium</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Narratio" title="Narratio">Narratio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Propositio" title="Propositio">Propositio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Argumentatio" title="Argumentatio">Argumentatio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Conclusio" title="Conclusio">Conclusio</a></i>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Docilem" title="Docilem">Docilem</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Doxa" title="Doxa">Doxa</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Endoxa" title="Endoxa">Endoxa</a></i>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Eunoia" title="Eunoia">Eunoia</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Fronesis_(retorik)" title="Fronesis (retorik)">Fronesis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Identifikation_(retorik)" title="Identifikation (retorik)">Identifikation</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Imitatio" title="Imitatio">Imitatio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Kairos" title="Kairos">Kairos</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Locus_(retorik)" title="Locus (retorik)">Locus</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Medel_f%C3%B6r_att_%C3%B6vertyga" title="Medel för att övertyga">Medel för att övertyga</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ethos" title="Ethos">Ethos</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Patos" title="Patos">Pathos</a></i>) · <a href="/wiki/Minnespalats" title="Minnespalats">Minnespalats</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Partes" title="Partes">Partes</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Intellectio" title="Intellectio">Intellectio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Inventio" title="Inventio">Inventio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Dispositio" title="Dispositio">Dispositio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Elocutio" title="Elocutio">Elocutio</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Memoria" title="Memoria">Memoria</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Actio" title="Actio">Actio</a></i>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Persuasio" title="Persuasio">Persuasio</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Pistis" title="Pistis">Pistis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Retor" title="Retor">Retor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Den_retoriska_situationen" title="Den retoriska situationen">Den retoriska situationen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Statusl%C3%A4ran" title="Statusläran">Statusläran</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Status_coniecturalis" title="Status coniecturalis">Coniecturalis</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Status_definitionis" title="Status definitionis">Definitionis</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Status_qualitatis" title="Status qualitatis">Qualitatis</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Status_translationis" title="Status translationis">Translationis</a></i>) · <a href="/wiki/Facklitteratur#Stil" title="Facklitteratur">Stil</a> (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5gstil" title="Lågstil">Låg</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mellanstil" title="Mellanstil">Mellan</a> · <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gstil" title="Högstil">Hög</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Stilfigur" title="Stilfigur">Stilfigur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ornament_(stilistik)" title="Ornament (stilistik)">Ornament</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trop_(retorik)" title="Trop (retorik)">Trop</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Orator_(Cicero)" title="Orator (Cicero)">Talarens tre plikter</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Docere" title="Docere">Docere</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Delectare" title="Delectare">Delectare</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Movere" title="Movere">Movere</a></i>) · <i><a href="/wiki/Vir_bonus" title="Vir bonus">Vir bonus</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ltalighet" title="Vältalighet">Vältalighet</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Retoriker</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Antiken</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aspasia" title="Aspasia">Aspasia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Augustinus" title="Augustinus">Augustinus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> · <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gorgias" title="Gorgias">Gorgias</a> · <a href="/wiki/Isokrates" title="Isokrates">Isokrates</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lukianos" title="Lukianos">Lukianos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lysias" title="Lysias">Lysias</a> · <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Protagoras" title="Protagoras">Protagoras</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Fabius_Quintilianus" title="Marcus Fabius Quintilianus">Quintilianus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> ·</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Medel- och tidigmodern tid</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a> · <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_av_Rotterdam" title="Erasmus av Rotterdam">Erasmus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Christine_de_Pizan" title="Christine de Pizan">Pizan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_la_Ram%C3%A9e" title="Pierre de la Ramée">Ramus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Vico</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Modern tid</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Michail_Bachtin" title="Michail Bachtin">Bachtin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Booth" title="Wayne Booth">Booth</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Burke" title="Kenneth Burke">Burke</a> · <a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">de Man</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Derrida</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan">McLuhan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Ong" title="Walter J. Ong">Ong</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perelman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Armstrong_Richards" title="Ivor Armstrong Richards">Richards</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Toulmin" title="Stephen Toulmin">Toulmin</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Verk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;font-style:italic;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dissoi_logoi" title="Dissoi logoi">Dissoi logoi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Faidros_(dialog)" title="Faidros (dialog)">Faidros</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ad_Herennium" title="Ad Herennium">Ad Herennium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Institutio_Oratoria" title="Institutio Oratoria">Institutio Oratoria</a> · <a href="/wiki/De_inventione" title="De inventione">De inventione</a> · <a href="/wiki/Orator_(Cicero)" title="Orator (Cicero)">Orator</a> · <a href="/wiki/De_Oratore" title="De Oratore">De Oratore</a> · <a href="/wiki/Panegyrici_Latini" title="Panegyrici Latini">Panegyrici Latini</a> · <a href="/wiki/Den_sublima_stilen" title="Den sublima stilen">Perì Hýpsous</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Analys</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dramatismen" title="Dramatismen">Dramatismen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pentadanalys" title="Pentadanalys">Pentadanalys</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Fantasy-Themeanalys" title="Fantasy-Themeanalys">Fantasy-Themeanalys</a> · <a href="/wiki/Genreanalys" title="Genreanalys">Genreanalys</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ideologikritik" title="Ideologikritik">Ideologikritik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klusteranalys" title="Klusteranalys">Klusteranalys</a> · <a href="/wiki/Metaforanalys" title="Metaforanalys">Metaforanalys</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neo-aristotelisk_analys" title="Neo-aristotelisk analys">Neo-aristotelisk analys</a> · <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4rl%C3%A4sning" title="Närläsning">Närläsning</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Toulmin#Toulminmodellen" title="Stephen Toulmin">Toulminmodellen</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Historia</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_dictaminis" title="Ars dictaminis">Ars dictaminis</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_poetriae" title="Ars poetriae">Ars poetriae</a></i> · <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_praedicandi" title="Ars praedicandi">Ars praedicandi</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Atticism" title="Atticism">Atticism</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Studia_humanitatis" title="Studia humanitatis">Studia humanitatis</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Rostra" title="Rostra">Rostra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sofister" title="Sofister">Sofister</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trivium_(utbildning)" title="Trivium (utbildning)">Trivium</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Se även</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Etik_(retorik)" title="Etik (retorik)">Etik (retorik)</a> · <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rskarteknik" title="Härskarteknik">Härskarteknik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pedagogisk_retorik" title="Pedagogisk retorik">Pedagogisk retorik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Psychagogia" title="Psychagogia">Psychagogia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Retorikf%C3%B6rlaget" title="Retorikförlaget">Retorikförlaget</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stilistik" title="Stilistik">Stilistik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Stora_retorikpriset" title="Stora retorikpriset">Stora retorikpriset</a> · <a href="/wiki/Talskrivare" title="Talskrivare">Talskrivare</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tal%C3%A4ngslan" title="Talängslan">Talängslan</a> · <a href="/wiki/TED_(konferens)" title="TED (konferens)">TED</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vetenskapsretorik" title="Vetenskapsretorik">Vetenskapsretorik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Visuell_retorik" title="Visuell retorik">Visuell retorik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latent_retorik" title="Latent retorik">Latent</a> · <a href="/wiki/Manifest_retorik" title="Manifest retorik">Manifest</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="background:#ceecee;;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Samtidens_filosofer" title="Mall:Samtidens filosofer"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Samtidens_filosofer&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Samtidens_filosofer" class="mw-redirect" title="Samtidens filosofer">Samtidens filosofer</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_filosofi" title="Analytisk filosofi">Analytiska<br /> filosofer</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Anscombe" title="Elizabeth Anscombe">Anscombe</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cavell" title="Stanley Cavell">Cavell</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/David_Chalmers" title="David Chalmers">Chalmers</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Churchland" title="Patricia Churchland">Churchland</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dennett" title="Daniel Dennett">Dennett</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dummett" title="Michael Dummett">Dummett</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Dworkin" title="Ronald Dworkin">Dworkin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Foot" title="Philippa Foot">Foot</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gellner" title="Ernest Gellner">Gellner</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_N._Gray" title="John N. Gray">Gray</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Gödel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Haack" title="Susan Haack">Haack</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Saul_Kripke" title="Saul Kripke">Kripke</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn" title="Thomas Kuhn">Kuhn</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Imre_Lakatos" title="Imre Lakatos">Lakatos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">MacIntyre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Magee" title="Bryan Magee">Magee</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Midgley" title="Mary Midgley">Midgley</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nagel" title="Thomas Nagel">Nagel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Plantinga" title="Alvin Plantinga">Plantinga</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hilary_Putnam" title="Hilary Putnam">Putnam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Willard_Van_Orman_Quine" title="Willard Van Orman Quine">Quine</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Raz" title="Joseph Raz">Raz</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Regan" title="Tom Regan">Regan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rorty" title="Richard Rorty">Rorty</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Scanlon" title="Thomas M. Scanlon">Scanlon</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">Searle</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Singer" title="Peter Singer">Singer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Frederick_Strawson" title="Peter Frederick Strawson">Strawson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(filosof)" title="Charles Taylor (filosof)">Taylor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Toulmin" title="Stephen Toulmin">Toulmin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Williams" title="Bernard Williams">Williams</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Georg_Henrik_von_Wright" title="Georg Henrik von Wright">Wright</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Kontinental_filosofi" title="Kontinental filosofi">Kontinentala<br /> filosofer</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Adorno" title="Theodor Adorno">Adorno</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Althusser</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Anders" title="Günther Anders">Anders</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Barthes</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Baudrillard</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Beauvoir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blanchot" title="Maurice Blanchot">Blanchot</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu" title="Pierre Bourdieu">Bourdieu</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Cixous" title="Hélène Cixous">Cixous</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Debord</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Deleuze</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Derrida</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Fisher" title="Mark Fisher">Fisher</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Gadamer" title="Hans-Georg Gadamer">Gadamer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson" title="Étienne Gilson">Gilson</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Girard" title="René Girard">Girard</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hacking" title="Ian Hacking">Hacking</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Byung-Chul_Han" title="Byung-Chul Han">Han</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Axel_Honneth" title="Axel Honneth">Honneth</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Julia_Kristeva" title="Julia Kristeva">Kristeva</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Lefebvre" title="Henri Lefebvre">Lefebvre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Lévi-Strauss</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Levinas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bernard-Henri_L%C3%A9vy" title="Bernard-Henri Lévy">Lévy</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Lyotard</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">Man</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Nancy" title="Jean-Luc Nancy">Nancy</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ranci%C3%A8re" title="Jacques Rancière">Rancière</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ric%C5%93ur" title="Paul Ricœur">Ricœur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sloterdijk" title="Peter Sloterdijk">Sloterdijk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Virilio" title="Paul Virilio">Virilio</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Weil</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Övriga</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nick_Bostrom" title="Nick Bostrom">Bostrom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Botton" title="Alain de Botton">Botton</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Finnis" title="John Finnis">Finnis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Fraser" title="Nancy Fraser">Fraser</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Lon_L._Fuller" title="Lon L. Fuller">Fuller</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Harris" title="Sam Harris">Harris</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/H.L.A._Hart" title="H.L.A. 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