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<li id="toc-Founding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Founding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Model_20" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Model_20"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Model 20</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Model_20-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_"All-Steel"_Hupp_32" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_"All-Steel"_Hupp_32"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The "All-Steel" Hupp 32</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_"All-Steel"_Hupp_32-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newer_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newer_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Newer models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newer_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joint_venture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joint_venture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Joint venture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joint_venture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Closure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_innovations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_innovations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Technical innovations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_innovations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview_of_production_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview_of_production_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Overview of production figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview_of_production_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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title="Hupmobile – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hupmobile" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupmobile" title="Hupmobile – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hupmobile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupmobile" title="Hupmobile – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hupmobile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84" title="هابموبايل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هابموبايل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupmobile" title="Hupmobile – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hupmobile" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupmobile" title="Hupmobile – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hupmobile" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupmobile" title="Hupmobile – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hupmobile" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupmobile" title="Hupmobile – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hupmobile" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupmobile" title="Hupmobile – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Hupmobile" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hupmobile&params=42.3815_N_83.0343_W_region:US-MI_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°22′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°02′03″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.3815°N 83.0343°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.3815; -83.0343</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former American car manufacturer</div> <p> <span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hupmobile&params=42.3815_N_83.0343_W_region:US-MI_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°22′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°02′03″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.3815°N 83.0343°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.3815; -83.0343</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Hupp Motor Car Company</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hupmobile_1910-1022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hupmobile_1910-1022.jpg/180px-Hupmobile_1910-1022.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hupmobile_1910-1022.jpg/270px-Hupmobile_1910-1022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hupmobile_1910-1022.jpg/360px-Hupmobile_1910-1022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="162" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Automobile Manufacturing</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1909</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality">Detroit, Michigan</div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Automobiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobiles">vehicles</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Automotive_parts" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive parts">Automotive parts</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%2741_Hupp_badge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%2741_Hupp_badge.JPG/70px-%2741_Hupp_badge.JPG" decoding="async" width="70" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%2741_Hupp_badge.JPG/105px-%2741_Hupp_badge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%2741_Hupp_badge.JPG/140px-%2741_Hupp_badge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="855" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>Hupp grille badge, on a 1941 Skylark</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1911_Hupmobile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/1911_Hupmobile.jpg/220px-1911_Hupmobile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/1911_Hupmobile.jpg/330px-1911_Hupmobile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/1911_Hupmobile.jpg/440px-1911_Hupmobile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>1911 Hupmobile at <a href="/wiki/Crawford_Auto-Aviation_Museum" title="Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum">Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hupmobile</b> was a line of <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a> built from 1909 through 1939 by the Hupp Motor Car Company of Detroit. The prototype was developed in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1909_Hupmobile_Model_20_roadster_(19363933986).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/1909_Hupmobile_Model_20_roadster_%2819363933986%29.jpg/220px-1909_Hupmobile_Model_20_roadster_%2819363933986%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/1909_Hupmobile_Model_20_roadster_%2819363933986%29.jpg/330px-1909_Hupmobile_Model_20_roadster_%2819363933986%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/1909_Hupmobile_Model_20_roadster_%2819363933986%29.jpg/440px-1909_Hupmobile_Model_20_roadster_%2819363933986%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2866" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption>1909 Model 20 Runabout</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hupp_Motor_Car_Company.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hupp_Motor_Car_Company.png/220px-Hupp_Motor_Car_Company.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hupp_Motor_Car_Company.png/330px-Hupp_Motor_Car_Company.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hupp_Motor_Car_Company.png/440px-Hupp_Motor_Car_Company.png 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>The Hupp Motor Car Company factory with a truck and three cars (1911)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1909, <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Hupp" title="Bobby Hupp">Bobby Hupp</a> co-founded Hupp Motor Car Company, with Charles Hastings, formerly of Oldsmobile, who put up the first US$8,500 toward manufacturing Hupp's car.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were joined by investors J. Walter Drake, Joseph Drake, John Baker, and Edwin Denby. Drake was elected president; Hupp was vice president and general manager. Emil Nelson, formerly of Oldsmobile and <a href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard">Packard</a>, joined the company as chief engineer. Hastings was named assistant general manager. In late 1909 Bobby's brother, Louis Gorham Hupp left his job with the Michigan Central Railroad in Grand Rapids and joined the company.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Model_20">Model 20</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Model 20"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hupp Motors obtained $25,000 (equal to $874,907 today) in cash deposits at the 1909 automobile show (the lowest capitalization of Detroit's eight major car makers<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) to begin manufacturing the Hupp 20. The first cars were built in a small building at 345 (now 1161) Bellevue Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. The company immediately outgrew this space and began construction of a factory a few blocks away at E. Jefferson Avenue and Concord, next to the former Oldsmobile plant.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company produced 500 vehicles by the end of the 1909 model year (the fall of 1909). Production increased to more than 5,000 in the 1910 model year. </p><p>The Model 20's pricing was set at $900.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The touring automobile was built on the same principles as the roadster.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Touring was nearly identical to the runabout aside from a longer wheelbase, a stronger frame, a stronger rear axle, and other critical pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The four-cylinder engine had a bore of 3 1/4 inches and a stroke of 3 3/8 inches and was rated at 16 to 20 horsepower.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The valves were on the motor's left side, with spark plugs over the inlets and relief cocks over the exhaust.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flywheel also served as a fan, and cars delivered to hot areas were equipped with an extra belt-driven fan.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine was lubricated with a unique Hupp system oil good for a 250 to 300-mile trip.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The car had a 110-inch wheelbase and was fitted with 30 × 3 1/2-inch tires in front and 31 × 3 1/2-inch tires in the rear.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This model never became popular partly because of the low power and only a two-speed transmission with very wide-spaced ratios.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The low-speed ratio was 2.7 to one, and the high speed was direct reverse had the same ratio as the low, which meant that the car moved quite fast when it went backward.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a distinct selling value in that the car was guaranteed to be free of material and workmanship problems.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the manufacturer would replace any damaged material at no cost except for the tires.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1912_RCH_runabout_(21476072370)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1912_RCH_runabout_%2821476072370%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-1912_RCH_runabout_%2821476072370%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1912_RCH_runabout_%2821476072370%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-1912_RCH_runabout_%2821476072370%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1912_RCH_runabout_%2821476072370%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-1912_RCH_runabout_%2821476072370%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4351" data-file-height="3183" /></a><figcaption>1912 RCH runabout</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_"All-Steel"_Hupp_32"><span id="The_.22All-Steel.22_Hupp_32"></span>The "All-Steel" Hupp 32</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The "All-Steel" Hupp 32"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1911 Hupp became one of two automakers pioneering the use of all-steel bodies, joining <a href="/wiki/BSA_cars#History" title="BSA cars">BSA</a> in the U.K.<sup id="cite_ref-Csere1988p63_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Csere1988p63-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nelson approached <a href="/wiki/Hale_%26_Kilburn" title="Hale & Kilburn">Hale & Kilburn</a> Company in Philadelphia looking for help with developing an all-metal body for the Hupp 32. Hale & Kilburn had pioneered the replacement of cast iron with pressed steel for many parts for the interiors of railway carriages. According to Nelson, "None of the Detroit plants would contract" to make an all-steel body for the Hupp 32. <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Budd" title="Edward G. Budd">Edward Budd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ledwinka" title="Joseph Ledwinka">Joseph Ledwinka</a> were employed at Hale & Kilburn at the time, Budd as the general manager and Ledwinka as engineer. Budd was interested in the project. Hale & Kilburn had built some body panels for King and Paige but Budd had grander aspirations the Hupp project would permit him to pursue. </p><p>Budd and Ledwinka worked with Nelson to develop means to manufacture Nelson's design for this body. They devised a system where the body's numerous steel stampings were welded together by hand and supported by a crude system of angle iron supports that held the welded subassemblies together. The disassembled bodies were shipped by rail to Detroit where they were put back together, painted and trimmed in the Hupmobile factory. Both the touring car and a coupe were made by this process and even one Hupmobile limousine. In 1911 no one, not Nelson, Ledwinka or Budd, thought to patent the process to manufacture all-steel bodies. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hupmobile_Model_32_(5870815158).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hupmobile_Model_32_%285870815158%29.jpg/220px-Hupmobile_Model_32_%285870815158%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hupmobile_Model_32_%285870815158%29.jpg/330px-Hupmobile_Model_32_%285870815158%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hupmobile_Model_32_%285870815158%29.jpg/440px-Hupmobile_Model_32_%285870815158%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>1913 Model 32 Touring Car</figcaption></figure> <p>While the Hupp 32 bodies were in production, Budd and Ledwinka left and formed the <a href="/wiki/Budd_Company" title="Budd Company">Edward G. Budd Manufacturing Company</a>. In 1914, Ledwinka filed for and received a patent for the process of making all-steel bodies. However, Budd later lost a patent infringement litigation it brought against <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Body_Company" title="Wilson Body Company">C.R. Wilson Body Company</a> when the court held that the Ledwinka patent was invalid. "[A]fter the art had developed...Ledwinka has endeavored to go back and cover by a patent that which had become public property.... [H]e is endeavoring to bring under his patent those things which belong to the public." The court relied on the production of the Hupp 32 in 1911 as a major example of the prior art. The opinion does provide insight as to what was or was not novel about the process to manufacture the Hupp 32's body. </p><p>When Hupp left Hupp Motors in 1913, he informed the company his supplier companies would devote their full capacity to make parts for RCH.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Facing the loss of manufactured parts from Hupp Corporation and increasing demand for the Hupmobile, Hupp Motors acquired seven acres for a new factory at Mt. Elliott and Milwaukee.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It moved into the new plant in late April 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (This factory was demolished as part of site clearance for General Motors' "Poletown" assembly plant in the early 1980s.) Hupp Motors sold the Jefferson Avenue plant to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Motor_Car_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King Motor Car Company (page does not exist)">King Motor Car Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several thousand all-steel touring cars were made before Nelson resigned as Chief Engineer in 1912. Hupmobile's commitment to this leading-edge approach did not survive his departure. The rest of the Hupp 32 production used conventional body assembly processes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion">Expansion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Carl_Wickman" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Wickman">Carl Wickman</a>, a car dealer in <a href="/wiki/Hibbing,_Minnesota" title="Hibbing, Minnesota">Hibbing</a>, Minnesota, used an unsold 7-passenger model as the first vehicle for what became <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis,_Mary_Beth_p.92_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis,_Mary_Beth_p.92-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1913 Frank E. Watts was hired as a designer. </p><p>Hupp Motor Car Company continued to grow after its founder left. Hupp competed strongly against Ford and <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a>. DuBois Young became company president in 1924, advancing from vice-president of manufacturing. By 1928 sales had reached over 65,000 units. To increase production and handle sales growth, Hupp purchased the Chandler-Cleveland Motors Corporation (<a href="/wiki/Chandler_Motor_Car" title="Chandler Motor Car">Chandler Motor Car</a>) for its manufacturing facilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sales and production began to fall even before the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">depression</a> in 1930. A strategy to make the Hupmobile a larger, more expensive car began with the 1925 introduction of an 8-cylinder model, followed by the elimination of the 4-cylinder Hupmobile after 1925. (Hupmobile made only 4-cylinder cars from 1909 to 1925.)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While aiming for a more lucrative market segment, Hupp turned its back on its established clientele. This was the same mistake that many other medium-priced carmakers made at the same time. In an attempt to capture every possible sale, they offered many different models. With Hupmobile's low production volume, the result was that no model could be produced in sufficient quantity to achieve economy of scale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newer_models">Newer models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Newer models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1933_Hupmobile_K-321_Sedan_(32916768376).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/1933_Hupmobile_K-321_Sedan_%2832916768376%29.jpg/220px-1933_Hupmobile_K-321_Sedan_%2832916768376%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/1933_Hupmobile_K-321_Sedan_%2832916768376%29.jpg/330px-1933_Hupmobile_K-321_Sedan_%2832916768376%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/1933_Hupmobile_K-321_Sedan_%2832916768376%29.jpg/440px-1933_Hupmobile_K-321_Sedan_%2832916768376%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>1933 Model K "cyclefender"</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hupmobile_Model_J_Aero-Dynamic_Sedan_194_(5115120721).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Hupmobile_Model_J_Aero-Dynamic_Sedan_194_%285115120721%29.jpg/220px-Hupmobile_Model_J_Aero-Dynamic_Sedan_194_%285115120721%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Hupmobile_Model_J_Aero-Dynamic_Sedan_194_%285115120721%29.jpg/330px-Hupmobile_Model_J_Aero-Dynamic_Sedan_194_%285115120721%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Hupmobile_Model_J_Aero-Dynamic_Sedan_194_%285115120721%29.jpg/440px-Hupmobile_Model_J_Aero-Dynamic_Sedan_194_%285115120721%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>1934 Model J Aero-Dynamic by Raymond Loewy</figcaption></figure> <p>Hupp abandoned its more conservatively styled product line and turned to <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Loewy" title="Raymond Loewy">Raymond Loewy</a> to design its 1932 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupp_cyclefender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hupp cyclefender (page does not exist)">Hupp cyclefender</a>, a flashy roadster that did well at the track, but sales continued to decline. 1934 saw the introduction of a striking restyle called the "Aerodynamic" by Loewy, as well as the lower-priced series 417-W using <a href="/w/index.php?title=J_W_Murray_Manufacturing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J W Murray Manufacturing Company (page does not exist)">Murray</a>-built slightly-modified Ford bodies. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1938_Hupmobile_822-E_(5806423130).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1938_Hupmobile_822-E_%285806423130%29.jpg/220px-1938_Hupmobile_822-E_%285806423130%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1938_Hupmobile_822-E_%285806423130%29.jpg/330px-1938_Hupmobile_822-E_%285806423130%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/1938_Hupmobile_822-E_%285806423130%29.jpg/440px-1938_Hupmobile_822-E_%285806423130%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3664" data-file-height="2748" /></a><figcaption>1938 Model E</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite technical innovations, squabbles among stockholders and an attempted hostile takeover in 1935 took their toll on the company. By 1936 the company was forced to sell some of its plants and assets and in 1937 Hupmobile suspended manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new line of six- and eight-cylinder cars was fielded for 1938, but by this time Hupp had very few dealers, and sales were disappointingly low. </p><p>Desperate for a return to market strength, on February 8, 1938, Hupmobile acquired the production dies of the <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Buehrig" title="Gordon Buehrig">Gordon Buehrig</a>-designed <a href="/wiki/Cord_Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Cord Automobile">Cord</a> <a href="/wiki/Cord_810/812" title="Cord 810/812">810</a>, paying US$900,000 for the tooling.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hupmobile hoped using the striking Cord design in a lower-priced conventional car, called the <a href="/wiki/Graham-Paige#Joint_venture" title="Graham-Paige">Skylark</a>, would return the company to financial health. Enthusiastic orders came in by the thousands, but production delays soured customer support. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joint_venture">Joint venture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Joint venture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1941_Graham_Hollywood_(1410378023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/1941_Graham_Hollywood_%281410378023%29.jpg/220px-1941_Graham_Hollywood_%281410378023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/1941_Graham_Hollywood_%281410378023%29.jpg/330px-1941_Graham_Hollywood_%281410378023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/1941_Graham_Hollywood_%281410378023%29.jpg/440px-1941_Graham_Hollywood_%281410378023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>1941 Graham Hollywood</figcaption></figure> <p>Lacking adequate production facilities, Hupmobile partnered with the ailing <a href="/wiki/Graham-Paige" title="Graham-Paige">Graham-Paige</a> Motor Co. to share the Cord dies. Hupmobile and Graham both sold similar models, all to be built at Graham-Paige's facilities. While each marque used its own power train, the Graham edition, called the <a href="/wiki/Graham-Paige#Joint_venture" title="Graham-Paige">Hollywood</a>, differed from the Skylark in a few minor details. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closure">Closure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Closure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1939, deliveries of the Hupmobile Skylark finally began.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unfortunately, it had taken too many years to produce and most of the orders had been canceled. Production lasted only a couple of months, and only 319 Skylarks were produced. Hupmobile ceased production in late summer. Graham-Paige suspended production shortly after the last Hupmobile rolled off the line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_innovations">Technical innovations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Technical innovations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a constant effort to remain competitive, Hupp introduced a number of new features. They were one of the first U.S. automakers to equip their cars with "<a href="/wiki/Freewheel#Vehicle_transmissions" title="Freewheel">free wheeling</a>", a device that enjoyed immense, but brief, popularity in automobiles in the 1930s. Hupmobile also pioneered fresh-air car heaters with the <a href="/wiki/Evanair-Conditioner" title="Evanair-Conditioner">Evanair-Conditioner</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1914, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Wickman#Career" title="Eric Wickman">Eric Wickman</a> tried to establish a Hupmobile dealership but could not sell them so he started transporting miners in one of the vehicles and founded <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines#1914–1930:_Early_years" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound Lines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis,_Mary_Beth_p.92_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis,_Mary_Beth_p.92-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Dealership_(Canton,_Ohio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hupmobile Dealership (Canton, Ohio)">National Football League</a> was created at <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hay" title="Ralph Hay">Ralph Hay</a>'s Hupmobile dealership in <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton, Ohio</a>, in 1920. </p><p>The Skylark's grille later inspired the grilles used on <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Continental" title="Lincoln Continental">Lincoln Continental</a> models in the 1940s. Their heater technology became widely adopted in the industry. <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a> picked up the Skylark name for <a href="/wiki/Buick_Skylark" title="Buick Skylark">its own convertible and one-off coupe models</a> in 1953; the nameplate was subsequently used on a midsize model from 1961 to 1973, then on a compact model from 1975 to 1998. The <a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Building" title="Hupmobile Building">Hupmobile dealership</a> in <a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a>, is a prominent historic landmark.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dealership building in Washington, D.C., is now the <a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Dealership_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hupmobile Dealership (Washington, D.C.)">H Street Playhouse</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Models">Models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For specifications on various Hupmobile models: </p> <ul><li>Hupmobile Model 20 <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hupmobile Model K <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_R" title="Hupmobile Model R">Hupmobile Model R and Skylark</a> <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_E" title="Hupmobile Model E">Hupmobile Model E</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview_of_production_figures">Overview of production figures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Overview of production figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Production</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1909</td> <td align="right">1618</td> <td>Model 20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1910</td> <td align="right">5340</td> <td>Model 20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1911</td> <td align="right">6079</td> <td>Model 20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1912</td> <td align="right">7640</td> <td>Model 20; Model 32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1913</td> <td align="right">12543</td> <td>Model 20; Model 32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1914</td> <td align="right">10318</td> <td>Model 32; Model K </td></tr> <tr> <td>1915</td> <td align="right">10403</td> <td>Model 32; Model K; Model N </td></tr> <tr> <td>1916</td> <td align="right">12055</td> <td>Model N; <a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_R" title="Hupmobile Model R">Model R</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1917</td> <td align="right">11293</td> <td>Model N; <a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_R" title="Hupmobile Model R">Model R</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1918</td> <td align="right">9544</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_R" title="Hupmobile Model R">Model R</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1919</td> <td align="right">17442</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_R" title="Hupmobile Model R">Model R</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920</td> <td align="right">19225</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_R" title="Hupmobile Model R">Model R</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921</td> <td align="right">13626</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_R" title="Hupmobile Model R">Model R</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1922</td> <td align="right">34168</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_R" title="Hupmobile Model R">Model R</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1923</td> <td align="right">38279</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_R" title="Hupmobile Model R">Model R</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1924</td> <td align="right">31004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_E" title="Hupmobile Model E"> Model E</a> ; <a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_R" title="Hupmobile Model R">Model R</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1925</td> <td align="right">37287</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_E" title="Hupmobile Model E"> Model E</a> ; <a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_R" title="Hupmobile Model R">Model R</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1926</td> <td align="right">45626</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_E" title="Hupmobile Model E"> Model E</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1927</td> <td align="right">41161</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_E" title="Hupmobile Model E"> Model E</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1928</td> <td align="right">65862</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hupmobile_Model_E" title="Hupmobile Model E"> Model E</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1929</td> <td align="right">50579</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1930</td> <td align="right">22183</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931</td> <td align="right">17451</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1932</td> <td align="right">10467</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1933</td> <td align="right">7316</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1934</td> <td align="right">9420</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1935</td> <td align="right">9346</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1936</td> <td align="right">74</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1937</td> <td align="right">875</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1938</td> <td align="right">1890</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1939</td> <td align="right">1231</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1940</td> <td align="right">319</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sum</td> <td align="right"><b>561.664 </b></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MHV_Hupmobile_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1915 Model N Touring Car – four cylinder"><img alt="1915 Model N Touring Car – four cylinder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MHV_Hupmobile_01.JPG/267px-MHV_Hupmobile_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MHV_Hupmobile_01.JPG/400px-MHV_Hupmobile_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/MHV_Hupmobile_01.JPG/533px-MHV_Hupmobile_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1915 Model N Touring Car – four cylinder</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1925_Hupmobile_Model_R_(16209383894).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1925 Model R Touring Car – four cylinder"><img alt="1925 Model R Touring Car – four cylinder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/1925_Hupmobile_Model_R_%2816209383894%29.jpg/299px-1925_Hupmobile_Model_R_%2816209383894%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="299" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/1925_Hupmobile_Model_R_%2816209383894%29.jpg/448px-1925_Hupmobile_Model_R_%2816209383894%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/1925_Hupmobile_Model_R_%2816209383894%29.jpg/598px-1925_Hupmobile_Model_R_%2816209383894%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1205" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1925 Model R Touring Car – four cylinder</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hupmobile_M_Opera_Coupe.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1929 Model M Opera Coupe – eight cylinder"><img alt="1929 Model M Opera Coupe – eight cylinder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hupmobile_M_Opera_Coupe.JPG/266px-Hupmobile_M_Opera_Coupe.JPG" decoding="async" width="266" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hupmobile_M_Opera_Coupe.JPG/399px-Hupmobile_M_Opera_Coupe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hupmobile_M_Opera_Coupe.JPG/532px-Hupmobile_M_Opera_Coupe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3040" data-file-height="2288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1929 Model M Opera Coupe – eight cylinder</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1933_Hupmobile_KK-321_convertible_at_Hatfield_Heath_Festival_2017_-_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1933 Model KK Coupe – six cylinder"><img alt="1933 Model KK Coupe – six cylinder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1933_Hupmobile_KK-321_convertible_at_Hatfield_Heath_Festival_2017_-_03.jpg/300px-1933_Hupmobile_KK-321_convertible_at_Hatfield_Heath_Festival_2017_-_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1933_Hupmobile_KK-321_convertible_at_Hatfield_Heath_Festival_2017_-_03.jpg/450px-1933_Hupmobile_KK-321_convertible_at_Hatfield_Heath_Festival_2017_-_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1933_Hupmobile_KK-321_convertible_at_Hatfield_Heath_Festival_2017_-_03.jpg/600px-1933_Hupmobile_KK-321_convertible_at_Hatfield_Heath_Festival_2017_-_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1933 Model KK Coupe – six cylinder</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hupmobile_Skylark_1941_(4172297873).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1941 Skylark – six cylinder"><img alt="1941 Skylark – six cylinder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Hupmobile_Skylark_1941_%284172297873%29.jpg/267px-Hupmobile_Skylark_1941_%284172297873%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Hupmobile_Skylark_1941_%284172297873%29.jpg/400px-Hupmobile_Skylark_1941_%284172297873%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Hupmobile_Skylark_1941_%284172297873%29.jpg/533px-Hupmobile_Skylark_1941_%284172297873%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1941 Skylark – six cylinder</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hupmobile&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFForbesFoster1926" class="citation book cs1">Forbes, B.C.; 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(1926). "Charles D. Hastings". <i>Automotive Giants of America</i>. New York: Forbes Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">110–</span>11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Charles+D.+Hastings&rft.btitle=Automotive+Giants+of+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E110-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.pub=Forbes+Publishing&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=B.C.&rft.au=Foster%2C+O.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHupmobile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wise, David Burgess. "Hupmobile: Mass-Production Pioneer", in Ward, Ian, Executive Editor. <i>The World of Automobiles</i> (London: Orbis, 1974), Volume 9, p. 991 caption.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Horseless Age". September 1, 1909. p. 252.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Horseless+Age&rft.pages=252&rft.date=1909-09-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHupmobile" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCuthbert2003" class="citation book cs1">Cuthbert, Bill (2003). <i>The Hupmobile Story From Beginning to End</i>. Evansville, IN: M.T. Publishing Company. Ch. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-932439-13-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-932439-13-7"><bdi>1-932439-13-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hupmobile+Story+From+Beginning+to+End&rft.place=Evansville%2C+IN&rft.pages=Ch.+2&rft.pub=M.T.+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-932439-13-7&rft.aulast=Cuthbert&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHupmobile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWard2003" class="citation book cs1">Ward, James (2003). <i>Three Men in a Hupp</i>. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 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Belvedere Publishing, 2015. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00ZLN91ZG">B00ZLN91ZG</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omahalandmarks.org/assets/files/newsletters/spring-2007.pdf">"The Endangered List"</a> <i>Landmark News.</i> April 2007. Retrieved 5/12/08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112117719978&seq=45">"Model 20"</a>. Hand book of automobiles (1911). December 19, 1910<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Model+20&rft.pub=Hand+book+of+automobiles+%281911%29&rft.date=1910-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duiug.30112117719978%26seq%3D45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHupmobile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433109972061&seq=49">"Model K"</a>. Hand book of automobiles v. 12 (1915). December 19, 1915<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Model+K&rft.pub=Hand+book+of+automobiles+v.+12+%281915%29&rft.date=1915-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dnyp.33433109972061%26seq%3D49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHupmobile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112117720000&seq=36">"Model R"</a>. Hand book of automobiles (1921). January 19, 1921<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Model+R&rft.pub=Hand+book+of+automobiles+%281921%29&rft.date=1921-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duiug.30112117720000%26seq%3D36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHupmobile" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trombinoscar.com/hupmobile/index.html">"Production Hupmobile"</a>. trombinoscar.com. October 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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