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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Fonologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Fonologi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Fonologi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vokal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Vokal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reduksi_vokal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reduksi_vokal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Reduksi vokal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reduksi_vokal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsonan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Konsonan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sandhi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sandhi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Sandhi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sandhi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Struktur_suku_kata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struktur_suku_kata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Struktur suku kata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Struktur_suku_kata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penekanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penekanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Penekanan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penekanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Morfologi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Morfologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Morfologi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Morfologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Affiks_Derivasional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affiks_Derivasional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Affiks Derivasional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affiks_Derivasional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affiks_infleksional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affiks_infleksional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Affiks infleksional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affiks_infleksional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klitik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klitik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Klitik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klitik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penunjuk_Bagian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penunjuk_Bagian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Penunjuk Bagian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penunjuk_Bagian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggabungan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggabungan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Penggabungan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggabungan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penunjuk_tambahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penunjuk_tambahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Penunjuk tambahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penunjuk_tambahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sintaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sintaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sintaks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sintaks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sintaks</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sintaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urutan_sederhana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urutan_sederhana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Urutan sederhana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urutan_sederhana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemasukan_+_Prosesor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemasukan_+_Prosesor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Pemasukan + Prosesor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemasukan_+_Prosesor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tata_standar_+_derajat_komparatif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tata_standar_+_derajat_komparatif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Tata standar + derajat komparatif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tata_standar_+_derajat_komparatif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Determinan_+_Frasa_kata_benda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Determinan_+_Frasa_kata_benda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Determinan + Frasa kata benda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Determinan_+_Frasa_kata_benda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ortografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ortografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ortografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ortografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Ortografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ortografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vokal_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokal_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Vokal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokal_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsonan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Konsonan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teks_sampel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teks_sampel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Teks sampel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teks_sampel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Referensi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Daftar pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahasa Nenets Tundra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 11 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ненецкая тундравая мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ненецкая тундравая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra-Nenzische_Sprache" title="Tundra-Nenzische Sprache – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tundra-Nenzische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra_Nenets_language" title="Tundra Nenets language – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tundra Nenets language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundraneenetsi_keel" title="Tundraneenetsi keel – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tundraneenetsi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="زبان ننتسی توندرا – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان ننتسی توندرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9n%C3%A8tse_de_la_toundra" title="Nénètse de la toundra – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nénètse de la toundra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8D%E3%83%8D%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E" title="ツンドラネネツ語 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツンドラネネツ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundranenetsisk" title="Tundranenetsisk – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tundranenetsisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_nenets_da_tundra" title="Língua nenets da tundra – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua nenets da tundra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundrska_nen%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Tundrska nenščina – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tundrska nenščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%8E%9F%E6%B6%85%E6%B6%85%E8%8C%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="冻原涅涅茨语 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冻原涅涅茨语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1564258#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. 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.s2-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:240px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:-91px;right:130%}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip .s2-tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:100%;margin-top:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent transparent black}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip:hover .s2-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip .i-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:340px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:22px;right:-90%;z-index:1000}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip:hover .i-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .bg-wp{background:radial-gradient(closest-side,lightgray,transparent)}.mw-parser-output .nilai{display:inline;margin:0;padding:0;border:0}.mw-parser-output .nilai:before{content:"—";animation-name:animate;animation-duration:2s;animation-delay:1s;animation-iteration-count:infinite}@keyframes nilai{0%{content:"Memuat"}5%{content:"Mengambil data penilaian dari halaman pembicaraan"}80%{content:"Memuat"}87%{content:"Mengubah susunan templat WP Banner"}89%{content:"Menyiapkan"}98%{content:"Selesai"}100%{content:""}}</style><table class="infobox" style="box-shadow: rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3) 0px 1px 2px 0px, rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15) 0px 2px 6px 2px;border-radius: 2px;; text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above bahasa" style="margin:0.2em;font-size:130%; color: black; background-color: #a8fe74;">Bahasa Nenets Tundra <div style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em;border-top:1.3px solid #F9FAFC; font-size:80%">Nenec, Nenetsy, Nentse, Yurak, Yurak Samoyed </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;">Dituturkan di</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> utara</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Etnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Etnis">Etnis</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><a href="/wiki/Orang_Nenets" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Nenets">Nenets</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Penutur</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em">21,900 (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbondolo1998517_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbondolo1998517-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal; padding-right:0.5em;"><span style="white-space: normal;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa" title="Rumpun bahasa">Rumpun bahasa</a></b></div></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:0.5em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14051308">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"><ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Uralik" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Uralik">Uralik</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.5em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Samoyedic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Samoyedic (halaman belum tersedia)">Samoyedic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>(inti)<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Enets–Nenets<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Nenets" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa-bahasa Nenets">Nenets</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Bahasa Nenets Tundra</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><span style="white-space: normal;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_penulisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem penulisan">Sistem penulisan</a></div></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Kiril" title="Alfabet Kiril">Kiril</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="margin:0.2em;opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: #a8fe74;line-height:1.3;padding:0.2em;">Kode bahasa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em">–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">LINGUIST List</div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://linguistlist.org/multitree/" title="LINGUIST list sudah tidak beroperasi lagi" rel="nofollow"><img alt="LINGUIST list sudah tidak beroperasi lagi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_clear-destructive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multitree.org/codes/yrk-tun">yrk-tun</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code style="padding-bottom:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tund1255">tund1255</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Observatorium_Linguasfer" title="Observatorium Linguasfer">Linguasfer</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code style="padding-bottom:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=41-CAA-aa">41-CAA-aa</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2062">Tundra Nenets</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><span id="Status_konservasi"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;margin-top:0.3em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: #a8fe74;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Status pemertahanan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25006243">.mw-parser-output .flex-container{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .flex-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:left;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .sk-container{display:flex;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .sk-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:center;float:none}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{background:black;color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover{background:red;color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover{background:orange;color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover{background:yellow;color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover{background:yellowgreen;color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover{background:silver;color:black}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px dotted black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:120px;background-color:#F8F9FB;color:black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:150%;left:50%;margin-left:-60px;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:60%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:100%;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;font-size:60%;border-color:transparent transparent #C8CBD0 transparent}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:70%;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.15s;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;opacity:1;z-index:900}</style> <center> <div class="sk-container" style="justify-content: center;"> <div><span style="font-size:90%;"><center><b>Punah</b></center><br /></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_yang_telah_punah" title="Kategori:Bahasa yang telah punah"><div class="EX-hover tooltip" style="display:inline; height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>EX</b><span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan dari <i>Extinct</i> (Punah)</span></div></a></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Terancam</b></center><br /></span> <div style="border-top:2px solid black; border-radius:20%;display:inline;padding-top:1em"> <div class="CR-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa_yang_terancam_kritis" title="Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam kritis"><b>CR</b></a><span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan dari <i>Critically endangered</i> (Terancam Kritis)</span></div> <div class="SE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa_yang_terancam_berat" title="Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam berat"><b>SE</b></a><span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan dari <i>Severely endangered</i> (Terancam berat)</span></div> <div class="DE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%;display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;background:yellow"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa_yang_terancam_punah" title="Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam punah"><b>DE</b></a><span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan dari <i>Devinitely endangered</i> (Terancam)</span></div> <div class="VU-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa_yang_rentan_punah" title="Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa yang rentan punah"><b>VU</b></a><span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan dari <i>Vulnerable</i> (Rentan)</span></div> </div></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Aman</b></center><br /></span> <div class="NE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>NE</b><span class="tooltiptext">Singkatan dari <i>Not Endangered</i> (Tidak terancam)</span></div></div></div> <div style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.3"><center><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Bahasa-Bahasa_di_Dunia_yang_Terancam_Kepunahan" title="Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan"><b>ICHEL <i>Red Book</i></b></a>: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered">Definitely Endangered</a></span></span></center> Bahasa Nenets Tundra diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa <b>terancam punah</b> (<b>DE</b>) pada <i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Bahasa-Bahasa_di_Dunia_yang_Terancam_Kepunahan" title="Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan">Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan</a></i> </div> </center> <span style="font-size:80%; line-height:0.3"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1564258" class="extiw" title="d:Q1564258">sunting di Wikidata</a>]</div></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <center><sup>Referensi:</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></center> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:0px;height:20px;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;text-align:center;color:black; background-color: #a8fe74;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/20px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/30px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/40px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bahasa" title="Portal:Bahasa"><span style="color: black;"><b>Portal Bahasa</b></span></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa" title="Templat:Kotak info bahasa">L</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info bahasa">B</a> • <a href="/wiki/PW:BAHASA" class="mw-redirect" title="PW:BAHASA">PW</a>   <div style="float:right;right:0em; text-align:right:display:inline"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=top&editintro=Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa/Pemberitahuan/editintro2"><img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1564258" title="Lihat butir Wikidata"><img alt="Lihat butir Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa/doc" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="metadata s-tooltip" style="position:absolute;z-index:100;top:-85px;right:2em; line-height:normal;border-radius:7px;"><div style="opacity:60%"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Cari artikel bahasa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div><span class="s-tooltiptext" style="-moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Cari artikel bahasa<div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" value="Bahasa" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr" /></div> <input type="submit" name="go" value="Tuju" class="cdx-button" /> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Cari" class="cdx-button" /></form></div>Cari berdasarkan kode ISO 639 (Uji coba)<div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" value="ISO 639:" placeholder="" size="8" dir="ltr" /></div> <input type="submit" name="go" value="Tuju" class="cdx-button" /> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Cari" class="cdx-button" /></form></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Kolom pencarian ini hanya didukung oleh beberapa antarmuka</span></span> </span></span></span></div> <div class="metadata r-tooltip" style=";position:absolute;z-index:100;top:-85px;right:0.5em; line-height:normal;border-radius:7px;"><div style="opacity:60%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sembarang_di_kategori/Artikel_bahasa_dengan_kotak_info_bahasa" title="Istimewa:Sembarang di kategori/Artikel bahasa dengan kotak info bahasa"><img alt="Artikel bahasa sembarang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><span class="r-tooltiptext" style="-moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Halaman bahasa acak</span></span></span></div> <p><b>Bahasa Nenets Tundra</b> merupakan bahasa dalam <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Ural" title="Rumpun bahasa Ural">rumpun bahasa Ural</a> yang diucapkan di <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> barat-laut. Bahasa ini meripakan bahasa terbesar dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Samoyedic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Samoyedic (halaman belum tersedia)">grup Samoyedic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20141-2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20141-2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bahasa Nenets tundra berkerabat dekat dengan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Nganasan" title="Bahasa Nganasan">bahasa Nganasan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Enets" title="Bahasa Enets">bahasa Enets</a>, dan berkerabat jauh dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Selkup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Selkup (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Selkup</a>. Bahasa Nenets tundra dan saudarinya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Nenets hutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Bahasa Nenets hutan</a> sering dianggap sebagai suatu dialek dalam satu bahasa Nenets, walaupun persamaan antar kedua bahasa cukuplah sedikit. Walaupun penuturan Bahasa Nenets tundra tergolong besar, bahasa ini hanya memiliki perbedaan dialek yang kecil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199713_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199713-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secara geografis, Bahasa Nenets tundra membentang dari Provinsi Arkhangelsk, yang juga bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Republik_Komi" title="Republik Komi">Republik Komi</a>, Distrik Yamal-Nenets di provinsi Tyumen, dan daerah Ust-Yeniseisk di Taimyr dalam area Krasnoyarsk. Teritori ini secara konstan berkembang dalam milenia terakhir, sebagaimana penduduk Nenets Tundra bergerak lebih ketimur dan bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Orang_Enets" title="Orang Enets">orang Enets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20143_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20143-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sensus 2010 melaporkan bahwa 49% dari 44,640 orang Nenets merupakan penutur bahasa Nenets. Namun, walaupun populasi orang Nenets mengalami pertumbuhan dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, penuturan bahasa semakin berkurang, karena banyak anak anak yang menempuh pendidikan di sekolah bahasa rusia, dan juga karena kelompok etnis lain mulai menetap di teritori Nenets Tundra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20145–6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20145–6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahasa ini kemudian digolongkan menjadi bahasa 6b (Terancam), dikarenakan jumlah penutur berkurang.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bahasa Nenets tundra diucapkan didalam lingkup keluarga dan aktifitas ekonomi tradisional, seperti meramu, berburu, dan sebagainya. Bahasa ini tidak memiliki status resmi dalam Federasi Rusia. Pada pertengahan 1930an, ortografi bahasa ini menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Kiril" title="Alfabet Kiril">alfabet Kiril</a> yang diajarkan di sekolah lokal. Namun, banyak penutur bahasa Nenets Tundra secara primer menggunakan literasi <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">Bahasa Rusia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20147–8_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20147–8-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonologi">Fonologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Fonologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fonologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Struktur <a href="/wiki/Silabel" class="mw-redirect" title="Silabel">silabel</a> dari Bahasa Nenets Tundra secara umum merupakan <a href="/wiki/Konsonan" title="Konsonan">K</a><a href="/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal">V</a>(<a href="/wiki/Konsonan" title="Konsonan">K</a>) dan silabel dengan awal, pertengahan, dan akhiran penggabungan konsonan yang lebih dari dua konsonan tidak diperbolehkan. Suatu kata umumnya dimulai dari vokal, kecuali di dialek barat bahasa ini, kebanyakan dikarenakan tidak adanya <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span>, jadi standar Bahasa Nenets Tundra seperti <i>ŋarka</i> ('besar') ditemukan sebagai <i>arka</i> dalam varietas barat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199735–36_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199735–36-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vokal">Vokal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Vokal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Vokal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat 10 <a href="/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal">vokal</a> dalam kotak <a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">fonem</a> Bahasa Nenets Tundra, dan 17 <a href="/wiki/Alofoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Alofoni">alofoni</a> lainnya yang disebabkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatalisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatalisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">palatalisasi</a> yang mendominasi kelanjutan vokal dan konsonan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199736–37_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199736–37-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vokal <a href="/wiki/Monoftong" title="Monoftong">monoftong</a> direpresentasikan dalam tabel dibawah. <a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">Fonem</a> asal ditebalkan dengan alofoni palatalisasi (di kiri) dan non-patalisasi (di kanan) yang menggunakan transkripsi <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetis_Internasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet Fonetis Internasional">Alfabet Fonetis Internasional</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_takbulat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal takbulat (halaman belum tersedia)">Takbulat</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_bulat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal bulat (halaman belum tersedia)">Vokal bulat</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_tertutup" title="Vokal tertutup">Tertutup</a> </th> <th><small>Panjang</small> </th> <td><b>/í/</b><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[(ʲ)iː],<span class="wrap"> </span>[ɨː]</span> </td> <td><b>/ú/</b><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[(ʲ)ʉː],<span class="wrap"> </span>[uː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>Pendek</small> </th> <td><b>/i/</b><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[(ʲ)i],<span class="wrap"> </span>[ɨ]</span> </td> <td><b>/u/</b><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[(ʲ)ʉ],<span class="wrap"> </span>[u]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_tengah" title="Vokal tengah">Tengah</a> </th> <th><small>Penekanan</small> </th> <td><b>/e/</b><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[(ʲ)eː],<span class="wrap"> </span>[ɤː]</span> </td> <td><b>/o/</b><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[(ʲ)ɵː],<span class="wrap"> </span>[oː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>Kendur</small> </th> <td><b>/°/</b><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ə]</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_terbuka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal terbuka (halaman belum tersedia)">Terbuka</a> </th> <th><small>Penekanan</small> </th> <td><b>/a/</b><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[(ʲ)aː],<span class="wrap"> </span>[ɑː]</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>Kendur</small> </th> <td><b>/ø/</b><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[(ʲ)ɐ],<span class="wrap"> </span>[ʌ]</span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Juga terdapat vokal <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>æ<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>, yang merupakan vokal yang "bebas" dan dilepaskan sebagai <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[æ͡e̘]</span> atau <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[æː]</span>. Ini merupakan satu-satunya vokal tertutup yang terjadi di silabel inisial kata.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reduksi_vokal">Reduksi vokal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Reduksi vokal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Reduksi vokal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam kebanyakan literatur Bahasa Nenets Tundra dan dialek saudarinya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Nenets Hutan (halaman belum tersedia)">Bahasa Nenets Hutan</a>, terdapat apa yang dinamakan <i>reduksi vokal</i>. Vokal yang direduksi merupakan suatu pembeda kualitas suara dari posisi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekanan_(linguistik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekanan (linguistik) (halaman belum tersedia)">tertenkan</a> dan tidak tertekan. Dalam posisi tertekan, vokal ini ditraskripsikan sebagai <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ø<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> dan merepresentasikan varian tereduksi dari vokal, dan posisi tidak tertekan ditranskripsikan sebagai <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>â<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> dan merepresentasikan varian tereduksi dari <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1993177-178_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen1993177-178-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonan">Konsonan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Konsonan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Konsonan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat 27 <a href="/wiki/Konsonan" title="Konsonan">konsonan</a> dalam kotak <a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">fonem</a> Bahasa Nenets Tundra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199737–38_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199737–38-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semua konsonan bibir dan lidah depan (koronal) memiliki varian normal dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatalisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatalisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">palatalisasi</a> konsonan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1993180_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen1993180-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 90%;"> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_dwibibir" title="Konsonan dwibibir">Dwibibir</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_lidah_depan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan lidah depan (halaman belum tersedia)">Lidah depan</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_langit-langit_belakang" title="Konsonan langit-langit belakang">Konsonan langit-langit belakang</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_celah-suara" title="Konsonan celah-suara">Celah-suara</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>Normal</small> </th> <th><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatalisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatalisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Lang.kan</a></small> </th> <th><small>Normal</small> </th> <th><small>Lang.kan</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau" title="Konsonan sengau">Sengau</a></small> </th> <td style="background:#C0C0C0"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_dwibibir" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sengau dwibibir">m</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0">mʲ </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_rongga-gigi" title="Konsonan sengau rongga-gigi">n</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0">nʲ </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_langit-langit_belakang" title="Konsonan sengau langit-langit belakang">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup" title="Konsonan letup">Letup</a></small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Suara">Nirsuara</a></small> </th> <td style="background:#C0C0C0"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_dwibibir_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup dwibibir nirsuara">p</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0">pʲ </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup rongga-gigi nirsuara">t</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0">tʲ </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_langit-langit_belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup langit-langit belakang nirsuara">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_celah-suara" title="Konsonan letup celah-suara">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Suara">Bersuara</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_dwibibir_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup dwibibir bersuara">b</a></span> </td> <td>bʲ </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup rongga-gigi bersuara">d</a></span> </td> <td>dʲ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek" title="Konsonan gesek">Gesek</a></small> </th> <th><small>Nirsuara</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek_rongga-gigi_nirsuara#Konsonan_desis_gesek_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan gesek rongga-gigi nirsuara">ts</a></span> </td> <td>tsʲ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_frikatif" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan frikatif">Frikatif</a></small> </th> <th><small>Nirsuara</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser rongga-gigi nirsuara">s</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0">sʲ </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_langit-langit_belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser langit-langit belakang nirsuara">x</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aproksiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Aproksiman">Hampiran</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Semivokal" title="Semivokal">Semivokal</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran_langit-langit" title="Konsonan hampiran langit-langit">j</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan Voiced labial–velar approximant (halaman belum tersedia)">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sisi">Sisian</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi" title="Konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi">l</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#C0C0C0">lʲ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getar" title="Konsonan getar">Getar</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getar_rongga-gigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan getar rongga-gigi">r</a></span> </td> <td>rʲ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Getaran rongga-gigi [r] mungkin dapat ditemui sebagai konsonan tekak getar [ʀ] atau konsonan desis tekak untuk beberapa penutur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Hanya 16 konsonan yang muncul di kotak abu-abu gelap yang menunjukan vokal tersebut hanya terdapat pada kata secara inisial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Konsonan kontras tidak terdapat pada akhir suku kata, hanya enam konsonan berikut yang mungkin dapat ditemui di akhir suku kata: /b/, /ʔ/, /m/, /n ~ ŋ/, /l/, /r/.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2005_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2005-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sandhi">Sandhi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Sandhi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sandhi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahasa Nenets Tundra memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proses_fonologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proses fonologi (halaman belum tersedia)">proses fonologi</a> <a href="/wiki/Sandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandhi">sandhi</a>, dimana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabungan_konsonan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabungan konsonan (halaman belum tersedia)">gabungan konsonan</a> disederhanakan. Ini membuat beberapa fonem konsonan secara sekunder diambil dari penggabungan konsonan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199743–44_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199743–44-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fortitisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fortitisi (halaman belum tersedia)">Fortitisi</a> dari frikatif dimana frikatif dari <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sʲ/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> dapat menjadi gesek maupun letupan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ts/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tsʲ/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Suku kata akhir yang memiliki hentian glotis <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔ/</span>, dihilangkan sebelum konsonan obstruen manapun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Akhiran kata non-dwibibir sengau <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> dihilangkan ketika diikuti sonoran, dan menjadi hentian glotis sebagai akhiran. Disebuah kata, konsonan gabung <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/nj/</span> mungkin juga terjadi.</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen1997-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Struktur_suku_kata">Struktur suku kata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Struktur suku kata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Struktur suku kata"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahasa Nenets Tundra memiliki struktur suku kata (K)V(K), dan bentuk minimal dari sebuah kata ialah CV. Sehingga tidak terdapat kata inisial atau akhir kata dengan konsonan gabung, ataupun tiga-konsonan gabung manapun yanh dapat ditemui dalam bahasa Ini. Shku kata dengan nol onset tidak dapat terjadi pada sebuah kata, namun dalam dialek Barat lainnya, kata inisial dengan <i>ŋ</i> dihilangkan, membuat beberapa kata dengan vokal inisial. Contohnya dalam dialek timur <i>ŋəno</i> 'kapal' berubah menjadi <i>əno</i> dalam dialek barat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201427_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201427-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Didalam sebuah kata, suku kata onset nol hanya dapat terjadi bila <i>ə</i> atau ° mengikuti vokal lain. Sebagai contoh, sebuah vokal gabung dapat terjadi ketika membentuk penanda terbatas: <i>me°</i> 'dia mengambil' menjadi <i>meə-s'°</i> 'dia telah mengambil.'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201427–28_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201427–28-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penekanan">Penekanan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Penekanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penekanan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahasa Nenets Tundra dapat memiliki akhir bi-suku kata <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trochee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trochee (halaman belum tersedia)">trokhaik</a> yang disetarakan ke kiri. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penekanan_(linguistik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penekanan (linguistik) (halaman belum tersedia)">Penenkanan primer</a> jatuh pada suku kata inisial. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penekanan_(linguistik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penekanan (linguistik) (halaman belum tersedia)">Penenkanan sekunder</a> jatuh pada subsekuen suku kata yang berbeda dan dalam posisi netral dari suku kata yang merubah suatu suku kata dengan °, tidak termasuk suku kata akhir,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seperti yang dicontohkan pada ilustrasi berikut dimana ´ menunjukan penekanan priner dari vokal dan ` menunjukan penekan kedua pada suatu vokal yang akan dirubah: </p> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">méŋa-xə`yu-n°</p><p style="margin: 0px;">mengambil-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="jumlah ganda" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DU</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="Objek" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">OBJ</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="persona pertama, tunggal" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">P1T</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></div><p style="display: none;">méŋa-xə`yu-n°</p><p style="display: none;">mengambil-DU.OBJ-P1T<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">méŋa-xə`yu-nə`-s'°</p><p style="margin: 0px;">mengambil-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="jumlah ganda" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DU</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="Objek" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">OBJ</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="persona pertama, tunggal" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">P1T</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="bentuk lampau" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">LAMPAU</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></div><p style="display: none;">méŋa-xə`yu-nə`-s'°</p><p style="display: none;">mengambil-DU.OBJ-P1T-LAMPAU<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mé-nake`-x°yu`-n'ə-s'°</p><p style="margin: 0px;">mengambil-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="kemungkinan" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">MUNGKIN</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="jumlah ganda" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DU</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="Objek" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">OBJ</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Persona pertama, tunggal" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">P1T</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="bentuk lampau" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">LAMPAU</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></div><p style="display: none;">mé-nake`-x°yu`-n'ə-s'°</p><p style="display: none;">mengambil-MUNGKIN-DU.OBJ-P1T-LAMPAU<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morfologi">Morfologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Morfologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Morfologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secara tipikal, rumpun bahasa Ural, termasuk Bahasa Nenets Tundra, memiliki <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_aglutinatif" title="Bahasa aglutinatif">aglutinatif</a> struktur morfologi dengan varietas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suffiks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suffiks (halaman belum tersedia)">suffiks</a> yang sangat besar. Tidak ada prafiks dalam bahasa ini. Dua kelas utama sebuah kata ialah <a href="/wiki/Kata_kerja" class="mw-redirect" title="Kata kerja">kata kerja</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kata_benda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kata benda">kata benda</a>. Kelas kata kerja lain mencangkup kata sifat, kata gender, kata nomor, kata keterangan, paska posisi, konjungsi, partikel, dan interjeksi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20148–9_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20148–9-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebuah kata benda dapat mengandung hingga 5 morfem, termasuk kata dasar, suffiks derivasional, suffiks posesif, suffiks nomor, dan suffiks kejadian. Sevuah kata kerja dapat memiliki enam sampai tujuh morfem, termasuk kata benda, satu atau dua suffiks derivasional, suffiks tekan, suffiks perasaan, suffiks persetujuan subjek, dan suffiks persetujuan objek. Walaupun morfologi bahasa ini secara dominan merupakan bahasa aglutinasi, ada beberapa suffiks yang dapat menunjukan arti berbeda, juga negasi klausa perifrastik dan beberapa <a href="/wiki/Kata_kerja_bantu" title="Kata kerja bantu">kata kerja bantu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20148–9_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20148–9-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affiks_Derivasional">Affiks Derivasional</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Affiks Derivasional" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Affiks Derivasional"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahasa Nenets Tundra memiliki beberapa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivasi_morfologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derivasi morfologi (halaman belum tersedia)">derivasi morfologi</a> affiks nominal yang bisa digunakan untuk menunjukkan penyebab, mengekspresikan instrumen, atau menunjukan lokasi dari tindakan. Sebagai contoh, kata benda <i>xərwa-bco</i> 'berharap' dapat diambil dari kata kerja <i>xərwa-</i> 'menginginkan'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201431_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201431-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Juga terdapat beberapa kategori campuran dari sebuah kata benda yang memiliki distribusi sintaktik dari kelas kata berbeda, namun berbagi komponen yang sama dengan kata benda. Sebagai contoh, suffiks propritif <i>-sawey°</i> dapat digunakan untuk mengambil kata benda dengan arti 'dengan X', 'memiliki X', seperti dalam <i>yī-sawey°</i> 'pintar' (dari <i>yī</i> 'pikiran').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201432_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201432-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bahasa Nenets Tundra memiliki kelas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspek_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspek grammar (halaman belum tersedia)">aspektual</a> tata bahasa, perfektif dan imperfektif. Ada beberapa pengambilan suffiks aspektual yang dapat merubah kelas aspektual dari kata kerja. Sebagai contoh, suffiks imperfektif dapat digunakan untuk menunjukan durasi, frekuentatif, multiplikatif, dan arti iteratif, seperti dalam <i>tola-bə</i> 'terus berhitung' (dari <i>tola-</i> 'menghitung').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201445_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201445-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terdapat juga kata kerja yang berarti 'menggunakan Y sebagai X', 'mempunyai Y seperti X', yang dibentuk dari kata benda jamak akusatif, seperti <i>səb'i-q'</i> 'menggunakannya seperti topi' (dari <i>səwa</i> 'topi').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201446_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201446-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affiks_infleksional">Affiks infleksional</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Affiks infleksional" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Affiks infleksional"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kata benda dapat <a href="/wiki/Infleksi" class="mw-redirect" title="Infleksi">diinfleksikan</a> (nada suara diubah) untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angka_(linguistik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angka (linguistik) (halaman belum tersedia)">angka</a> dari benda (tunggal, ganda, jamak), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasus_tata_bahasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasus tata bahasa (halaman belum tersedia)">kasus tata bahasa</a> (nominatif, akusatif, genitif, datif, lokatif, ablatif, prolatif), dan posesif, yang dapat menunjukan orang dan nomor prosesor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20149_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20149-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sebagai contoh, kata benda berikut diinfleksikan untuk kasus similatif dan bentuk jamak orang ketiga. </p> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">numke-rəxa-q</p><p style="margin: 0px;">bintang-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="similatif" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SIM</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="jamal" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">O3J</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">numke-rəxa-q</p><p style="display: none;">bintang-SIM-O3J</p><p style="clear: left;">'menyukai bintang-bintang'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201473_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201473-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Kata kerja juga diinfleksikan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persetujuan_(linguistik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persetujuan (linguistik) (halaman belum tersedia)">persetujuan</a>, penunjuk temporal, dan perasaan. Penunjuk temporal sekarang tidak diberi tanda, namun Bahasa Nenets Tundra memiliki pembeda antara infleksional penunjuk temporal masa lampau, masa yang akan datang, kebiasaan, dan masa depan di masa lal. Terdapat 16 moda perasaan, yang termasuk imperatif, hortatif, optatif, konjungtif, interogatif, nekesitatif, probalitatif, obligatif, subjunngtif, potensial, dan inferensial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20149_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20149-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagai contoh, kata benda dibawah diinfleksikan untuk moda subjungtif, orang pertama tunggal persetujuan, penunjuk temporal masa lampau. </p> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ŋod'°q</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="diskorsi bagian" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DB</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">s'it°</p><p style="margin: 0px;">kamu.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="kasus akusatif" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">KA</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">məneq-yi-dəm-c'°</p><p style="margin: 0px;">lihat-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="subjek" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SUBJ</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="orang pertama tunggal" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">O1T</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="penunjuk temporal masa lampau" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">LAMPAU</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">ŋod'°q s'it° məneq-yi-dəm-c'°</p><p style="display: none;">DB kamu.KA lihat-SUBJ-O1T-LAMPAU</p><p style="clear: left;">'Hanya jika aku dapat melihatmu!'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201489_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201489-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klitik">Klitik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Klitik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Klitik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Klitik" title="Klitik">Klitik</a> juga menjalani proses fonologis dan pemberian tekanan yang sama dengan afiks. Klitiks juga diletakkan ke penanda kata kerja terbatas afirmatif, kata bantu negatif, atau akhiran predikat non-verbal, dan mengikuti infleksi manapun,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014116_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014116-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seperti yang ditunjukkan klitik eksklamatif berikut: <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014117_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014117-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">pidər°</p><p style="margin: 0px;">you</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tola-mp'i-n°=n'uq!</p><p style="margin: 0px;">read-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="aspek duratif" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DUR</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Orang kedua tunggal" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">O2T</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Persona ekslusif" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">EKS</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">pidər° tola-mp'i-n°=n'uq!</p><p style="display: none;">you read-DUR-O2T-EKS</p><p style="clear: left;">'Ternyata kau sedang membaca!'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014117_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014117-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penunjuk_Bagian">Penunjuk Bagian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Penunjuk Bagian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penunjuk Bagian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penunjuk bagian biasanya digunakan untuk percakapan. Penunjuk bagian yang biasanya digunakan, termasuk <i>yekar°q</i> 'itu tidak diketahui', <i>ŋod'°q</i> 'keras', <i>tǣr'i</i> 'hanya, sangat', dan <i>məs'iq</i> 'mungkin, kemungkinan.'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201453_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201453-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contoh sebagai berikut: </p> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">yekar°q</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="'diskorsi penunjuk bagian'" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DP</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tūt-bə-ta=w°h</p><p style="margin: 0px;">come.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="penunjuk temporal masa yang akan datang" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">MD</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="modus kondisional/pengandaian" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">KON</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="orang ketiga tunggal" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">O3T</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="modus dubitatif" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DUB</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">yekar°q tūt-bə-ta=w°h</p><p style="display: none;">DP come.MD-KON-O3T-DUB</p><p style="clear: left;">'Mungkin, dia tidak akan datang.'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201453_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201453-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penggabungan">Penggabungan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Penggabungan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggabungan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat beberapa penggabungan leksikal kata benda dengan kata benda dalam Bahasa Nenets Tundra. Seperti yang ditunjukkan contoh berikut, elemen pertama dalam penggabungan dapat selalu dimodifikasi dan diambil jumplah kata benda.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014167_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014167-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">xasawa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">laki-laki</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ŋǝcʹeki°-q</p><p style="margin: 0px;">anak-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="penanda kata benda jamak" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">JAMAK</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">xasawa ŋǝcʹeki°-q</p><p style="display: none;">laki-laki anak-JAMAK</p><p style="clear: left;">‘anak-anak laki-laki’<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014167_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014167-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penunjuk_tambahan">Penunjuk tambahan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Penunjuk tambahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penunjuk tambahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beberapa kata kerja dapat menunjukan penunjuk tambahan. Dalam kasus penunjuk tambahan yang sering dijumpai, seperti <i>xǣ-</i> ‘pergi’, <i>ŋǣ-</i> ‘menjadi’, <i>to-</i> ‘datang’, <i>ta-</i> ‘membawa, memberi’ dan Kata bantu negatif <i>nʹi-</i>. Beberapa penunjuk tambahan ditunjukkan di tabel berikut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201425_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201425-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>pergi </th> <th>menjadi </th> <th>datang </th> <th>membawa, memberi </th> <th>Kata bantu negatif </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>O3T/P3T</b> </td> <td><i>xəya</i> </td> <td><i>ŋa</i> </td> <td><i>to°</i> </td> <td><i>ta°</i> </td> <td>nʹī </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>CONNEG</b> </td> <td><i>xanʹ°q</i> </td> <td><i>ŋaq (~ŋǣq)</i> </td> <td><i>tuq</i> </td> <td><i>taq</i> </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>IMPERFEKTIF BAGIAN</b> </td> <td><i>xǣn(ʹ)a</i> </td> <td><i>ŋǣda</i> </td> <td><i>tona</i> </td> <td><i>tada~tana</i> </td> <td><i>nʹinʹa</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>O2T/P2T</b> </td> <td><i>xanʹ°q</i> </td> <td><i>ŋaq</i> </td> <td><i>tuq</i> </td> <td><i>taq</i> </td> <td><i>nʹon°</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Temporal masa yang akan datang O3T/P3T</b> </td> <td><i>xan°tə°</i> </td> <td><i>ŋǣŋu</i> </td> <td><i>tūtə°</i> </td> <td><i>tətə°</i> </td> <td>- </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sintaks">Sintaks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Sintaks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sintaks"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urutan_sederhana">Urutan sederhana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Urutan sederhana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Urutan sederhana"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahasa Nenets Tundra merupakan bahasa secara pra-dominan sebagai bahasa SOP (Subjek Objek Predikat).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20149_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20149-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Predikat dan kata kerja merupakan bagian akhir dari urutan kata.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014213_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014213-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dibawah ini merupakan contoh urutan kata untuk kalimat <i>transitif</i> dan <i>intransitif</i>. </p> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">məy°mpə-da</p><p style="margin: 0px;">senang-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="imperfektif" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">IMPF</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Bagian" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">B</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Wera</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Wera</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Maša-m</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Masha-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Subjek sebagai Objek" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SO</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">pad°ta°-da</p><p style="margin: 0px;">menggambar-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Predikat">P</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Subjek">S</abbr> > <abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Subjek">S</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="Objek" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">OBJ</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">məy°mpə-da Wera Maša-m pad°ta°-da</p><p style="display: none;">senang-IMPF.B Wera Masha-SO {menggambar-P.S > S.OBJ}</p><p style="clear: left;">‘Wera yang gembira telah menggambar Masha.’<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014197_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014197-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Wera-h</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Wera.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Milik" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">MLK</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">teda</p><p style="margin: 0px;">rusa kutub.<abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="Objek" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">OBJ</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Subjek">S</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">yuxu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">hilang.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Predikat">P</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">Wera-h teda yuxu</p><p style="display: none;">Wera.MLK rusa kutub.OBJ.S hilang.P</p><p style="clear: left;">'Rusa kutub milik Wera telah hilang'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014223_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014223-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Walaupun kebanyakan kalimat sederhana menggunakan urutan SOP, kalimat yang lebih umum menambahkan elemen informasi baru secara langsung untuk menjadi preverbal dan didahului oleh elemen informasi lama. Jadi, mungkin saja ada kalimat yang objek langsungnya mendahului subjeknya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014214_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014214-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seperti yang diilustrasikan dibawah ini: </p> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">s’exari°-m</p><p style="margin: 0px;">jalan-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="argumen serupa pasien (objek) dari verba transitif kanonikal">O</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Subjek">S</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sira</p><p style="margin: 0px;">salju</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">toxora°-da</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Menutupi-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Predikat">P</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Subjek">S</abbr> > <abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Predikat">P</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr gloss-abbr-ambiguous" title="Objek" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">OBJ</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">s’exari°-m sira toxora°-da</p><p style="display: none;">jalan-O.S salju {Menutupi-P.S > P.OBJ}</p><p style="clear: left;">‘Salju menutupi jalan.’<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014214_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014214-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pemasukan_+_Prosesor"><span id="Pemasukan_.2B_Prosesor"></span>Pemasukan + Prosesor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Pemasukan + Prosesor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemasukan + Prosesor"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prosesor memproses sesuatu yang aman diproses, dalam konteks ini, memasukkan entah objek kedalam obejek.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014142_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014142-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">noxa‐h</p><p style="margin: 0px;">kutub.rubah-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Milik" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">MLK</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tǣwa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ekor</p></div><p style="display: none;">noxa‐h tǣwa</p><p style="display: none;">kutub.rubah-MLK ekor</p><p style="clear: left;">‘Ekor milik rubah kutub’<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014142_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014142-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tata_standar_+_derajat_komparatif"><span id="Tata_standar_.2B_derajat_komparatif"></span>Tata standar + derajat komparatif</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Tata standar + derajat komparatif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tata standar + derajat komparatif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Derajat komparatif mengikuti tata penyusunan standar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014174_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014174-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">t’uku°</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Jubah</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">pəni°</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ini</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">taki°</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Jubah</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">pəne-xəd°</p><p style="margin: 0px;">itu-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="argumen serupa pasien (objek) dari verba transitif kanonikal">O</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">səwa(-rka)</p><p style="margin: 0px;">bagus-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Komparatif" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">COM</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">t’uku° pəni° taki° pəne-xəd° səwa(-rka)</p><p style="display: none;">Jubah ini Jubah itu-O bagus-COM</p><p style="clear: left;">‘Jubah ini lebih bagus daripada jubah itu.’<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014174_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014174-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Determinan_+_Frasa_kata_benda"><span id="Determinan_.2B_Frasa_kata_benda"></span>Determinan + Frasa kata benda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Determinan + Frasa kata benda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Determinan + Frasa kata benda"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Determinan dapat memproses frasa kata benda.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014141–142_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014141–142-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tʹuku°</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ini</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Wera-h</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Wera-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="Milik" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">MLK</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ti</p><p style="margin: 0px;">rusa kutub</p></div><p style="display: none;">tʹuku° Wera-h ti</p><p style="display: none;">ini Wera-MLK rusa kutub</p><p style="clear: left;">‘Rusa kutub ini merupakan milik dari Wera’<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014143_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014143-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ortografi">Ortografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Ortografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ortografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet">Alfabet</a> dari bahasa Nenets Tundra terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Kiril" title="Alfabet Kiril">Alfabet Kiril</a> dengan penambahan <a href="/wiki/En_dengan_kait" title="En dengan kait">Ӈ ӈ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspotrof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspotrof (halaman belum tersedia)">ʼ</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspotrof_ganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspotrof ganda (halaman belum tersedia)">ˮ</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vokal_2">Vokal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Vokal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Vokal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vokal yang mengalami <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peletakan_langit-langit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peletakan langit-langit (halaman belum tersedia)">peletakan langit-langit</a> lidah (Palatalisasi) dan alofoni vokal normal dibedakan dalam ortografi bahasa ini.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199736–37_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199736–37-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Traskripsi fonemik </th> <th>a </th> <th>e </th> <th>o </th> <th>i </th> <th>u </th> <th>æ </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Kiril </th> <th>Normal </th> <td>а </td> <td>э </td> <td>о </td> <td>ы </td> <td>у </td> <td>э </td></tr> <tr> <th>Palatalisasi </th> <td>я </td> <td>е </td> <td>ё </td> <td>и </td> <td>ю </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>Ortografi Kiril tidak membedakan vokal yang direduksi dari <i>a</i>, maupun vokal panjang seperti <i>ī</i> dan <i>ū</i> dari varian vokal penedek seperti <i>i</i> dan <i>u</i>. <i>ǣ</i> tidak ditemukan dalam vokal terpatalisasikan, sehingga tidak dimasukkan dalam tabel. <a href="/wiki/Pepet" title="Pepet">Pepet</a> (Schwa), <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ə]</span>, tidak memiliki transkripsi langsung dalam ortografi Kiril dan dalam kebanyakan kasus tidak ditulis. Namun, biasanya ditulis sebagai <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>а<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>, <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>я<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>, <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ы<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>, <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ӗ<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> atah <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ŏ<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>. Sebagai contoh, <i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">xad°</span></i>, ('badai salju') ditulis sebagai <i>хад</i>, dan <i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">nix°</span></i> ('kekuatan') ditulis sebagai <i>ныхы</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199734–35_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199734–35-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonan_2">Konsonan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Konsonan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Konsonan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Konsonan dalam ortografi Kiril dapat dilihat di bagan nerikut. Perlu dicatatat bahwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peletakan_langit-langit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peletakan langit-langit (halaman belum tersedia)">konsonan terpatalisasikan</a> tidak ditampilkan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199738_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199738-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Trankripsi fonemik </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/m/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/b/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ts/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔ/</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Kiril </th> <td>м </td> <td>п </td> <td>б </td> <td>в </td> <td>н </td> <td>т </td> <td>д </td> <td>ц </td> <td>с </td> <td>й </td> <td>л </td> <td>р </td> <td>ӈ </td> <td>к </td> <td>х </td> <td>ˮ </td> <td>ʼ </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>Huruf <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ˮ<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> ditandai sebagai hentian glotis "normal" dan <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ʼ<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> menandai hentian glotis yang diambil dari akhiran kata <i>n</i>. Seperti dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">bahasa Rusia</a>, konsonan yang dipalatalisasikan dilambangkan dengan tanda lembut <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ь<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>. Sebagai contoh, konsonan palatalisasi <i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m'</span></i> direpresentasikan sebagai <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>мь<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> dalam Kiril, kecuali jika diikuti dengan <a href="/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal">vokal</a> palatalisasi, seperti <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ё<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>, jadi <i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m'o</span></i> ditulis sebagai <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>мё<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199738_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199738-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teks_sampel">Teks sampel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Teks sampel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Teks sampel"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>(Artikel 1 dalam Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia)</i> </p> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Ет</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Et</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">хибяри</p><p style="margin: 0px;">xibjari</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ненэць</p><p style="margin: 0px;">nenėc’</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">соямарианта</p><p style="margin: 0px;">sojamarianta</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">хуркари</p><p style="margin: 0px;">xurkari</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">правада</p><p style="margin: 0px;">pravada</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">тнява,</p><p style="margin: 0px;">tnjava,</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ӈобой</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ṇoboj</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ненээя</p><p style="margin: 0px;">nenėėja</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ниду</p><p style="margin: 0px;">nidu</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">нись</p><p style="margin: 0px;">nis’</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">токалба,</p><p style="margin: 0px;">tokalba,</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ӈыбтамба</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ṇybtamba</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">илевату</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ilevatu</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">тара.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">tara.</p></div><p style="display: none;">Ет хибяри ненэць соямарианта хуркари правада тнява, ӈобой ненээя ниду нись токалба, ӈыбтамба илевату тара.</p><p style="display: none;">Et xibjari nenėc’ sojamarianta xurkari pravada tnjava, ṇoboj nenėėja nidu nis’ tokalba, ṇybtamba ilevatu tara.</p><p style="clear: left;">Semua manusia dilahirkan merdeka dan setara dalam derajat dan hak. Manusia diberkahi dengan akal dan hati nurani dan harus bertindak terhadap satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div><p>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbondolo1998517-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbondolo1998517_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbondolo1998">Abondolo 1998</a>, hlm. 517.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tund1255">"Eastern Tundra Nenets"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 4.8</a></i>. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eastern+Tundra+Nenets&rft.btitle=Glottolog+4.8&rft.place=Jena%2C+Jerman&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft.date=2023&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Ftund1255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Nenets+Tundra" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan editors (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Tampilkan_editors" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan editors">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220429081359/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/atlas-of-languages-in-danger/">"UNESCO Interactive <i>Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</i>"</a> (dalam bahasa bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">Inggris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis">Prancis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Spanyol" title="Bahasa Spanyol">Spanyol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">Rusia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tionghoa" title="Bahasa Tionghoa">Tionghoa</a>). <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. 2011. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/atlas-of-languages-in-danger/">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 Juni</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Interactive+Atlas+of+the+World%27s+Languages+in+Danger&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fculture%2Fthemes%2Fendangered-languages%2Fatlas-of-languages-in-danger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Nenets+Tundra" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531155026/http://www.unesco.org/tools/fileretrieve/43fdd320.pdf">"UNESCO <i>Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</i>"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. 2010. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/tools/fileretrieve/43fdd320.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 31 Mei 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">31 Mei</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Atlas+of+the+World%27s+Languages+in+Danger&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Ftools%2Ffileretrieve%2F43fdd320.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Nenets+Tundra" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20141-2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20141-2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 1-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199713-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199713_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalminen1997">Salminen 1997</a>, hlm. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20143-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20143_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20145–6-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20145–6_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/yrk">"Nenets"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 12-11-2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Nenets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fyrk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Nenets+Tundra" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20147–8-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20147–8_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199735–36-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199735–36_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalminen1997">Salminen 1997</a>, hlm. 35–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199736–37-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199736–37_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199736–37_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalminen1997">Salminen 1997</a>, hlm. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen1997-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1997_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalminen1997">Salminen 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen1993177-178-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1993177-178_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalminen1993">Salminen 1993</a>, hlm. 177-178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199737–38-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199737–38_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalminen1997">Salminen 1997</a>, hlm. 37–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen1993180-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen1993180_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalminen1993">Salminen 1993</a>, hlm. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2005-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2005_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker2005">Baker 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199743–44-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199743–44_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalminen1997">Salminen 1997</a>, hlm. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201427-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201427_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201427–28-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201427–28_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 27–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201428_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20148–9-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20148–9_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20148–9_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201431-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201431_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201432-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201432_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201445-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201445_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201446-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201446_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20149-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20149_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20149_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva20149_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201473-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201473_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201489-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201489_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014116-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014116_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014117-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014117_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014117_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201453-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201453_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201453_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014167-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014167_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014167_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201425-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva201425_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014213-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014213_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014197-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014197_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014223-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014223_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014214-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014214_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014214_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014142-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014142_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014142_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014174-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014174_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014174_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014141–142-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014141–142_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 141–142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014143-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikolaeva2014143_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNikolaeva2014">Nikolaeva 2014</a>, hlm. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199734–35-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199734–35_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalminen1997">Salminen 1997</a>, hlm. 34–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen199738-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199738_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen199738_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSalminen1997">Salminen 1997</a>, hlm. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/nenets.htm">"Nenets language, alphabet and pronunciation"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 13-11-2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nenets+language%2C+alphabet+and+pronunciation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fnenets.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Nenets+Tundra" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Nenets_Tundra&action=edit&section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Abondolo, Daniel (1998). <i>The Uralic Languages</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780415412643" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780415412643">9780415412643</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Uralic+Languages&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780415412643&rft.aulast=Abondolo&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Nenets+Tundra" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSalminen1997" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapani_Salminen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapani Salminen (halaman belum tersedia)">Salminen, Tapani</a> (1997). <i>Tundra Nenets inflection</i>. Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/952515002X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/952515002X">952515002X</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/37350558">37350558</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tundra+Nenets+inflection.&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.pub=Suomalais-ugrilainen+seura.&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37350558&rft.isbn=952515002X&rft.aulast=Salminen&rft.aufirst=Tapani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Nenets+Tundra" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSalminen1993" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapani_Salminen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapani Salminen (halaman belum tersedia)">Salminen, Tapani</a> (1993). <i>On identifying basic vowel distinctions in Tundra Nenets</i>. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen. <b>51</b>. <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suomalais-Ugrilainen_Seura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura (halaman belum tersedia)">Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+identifying+basic+vowel+distinctions+in+Tundra+Nenets&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.series=Finnisch-Ugrische+Forschungen&rft.pub=Suomalais-Ugrilainen+Seura&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Salminen&rft.aufirst=Tapani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Nenets+Tundra" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNikolaeva2014" class="citation book">Nikolaeva, Irina (2014). <i>A grammar of Tundra Nenets</i>. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9783110320640" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9783110320640">9783110320640</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/958355161">958355161</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+grammar+of+Tundra+Nenets&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Mouton&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F958355161&rft.isbn=9783110320640&rft.aulast=Nikolaeva&rft.aufirst=Irina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Nenets+Tundra" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBaker2005" class="citation journal">Baker, Brett (2005). Mushin, Ilana, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/handle/2123/112/ALS-20050630-BB.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">"The Domain of Phonological Processes"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the 2004 Conference of the Australian Linguistics Society</i>. Sydney: <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Sydney" title="Universitas Sydney">University of Sydney</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-920898-38-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-920898-38-7">1-920898-38-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+2004+Conference+of+the+Australian+Linguistics+Society.&rft.atitle=The+Domain+of+Phonological+Processes.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-920898-38-7&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fses.library.usyd.edu.au%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2123%2F112%2FALS-20050630-BB.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Nenets+Tundra" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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