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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Fitur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fitur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Fitur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fitur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kata-kata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kata-kata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kata-kata</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kata-kata-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Kata-kata</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kata-kata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dental_atau_denti-alveolar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dental_atau_denti-alveolar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dental atau denti-alveolar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dental_atau_denti-alveolar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alveolar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alveolar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Alveolar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alveolar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postalveolar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postalveolar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Postalveolar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postalveolar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variabel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variabel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Variabel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variabel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi_tervelarisasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi_tervelarisasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi tervelarisasi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi_tervelarisasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi tervelarisasi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi_tervelarisasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fitur_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fitur_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fitur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fitur_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kata-kata_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kata-kata_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kata-kata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kata-kata_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dental_atau_denti-alveolar_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dental_atau_denti-alveolar_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Dental atau denti-alveolar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dental_atau_denti-alveolar_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alveolar_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alveolar_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Alveolar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alveolar_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variabel_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variabel_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Variabel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variabel_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 33 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolarer_lateraler_Approximant" title="Alveolarer lateraler Approximant – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alveolarer lateraler Approximant" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA" title="لثوي جانبي شبه صامت – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لثوي جانبي شبه صامت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Звучна венечна странична приблизителна съгласна – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Звучна венечна странична приблизителна съгласна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF,_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="ঘোষ দন্ত্য, দন্তমূলীয় এবং পশ্চাদ্দন্তমূলীয় পার্শ্বিক নৈকট্যধ্বনি – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘোষ দন্ত্য, দন্তমূলীয় এবং পশ্চাদ্দন্তমূলীয় পার্শ্বিক নৈকট্যধ্বনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensonenn_kevig_a-gostez_dre_dostaat" title="Kensonenn kevig a-gostez dre dostaat – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kensonenn kevig a-gostez dre dostaat" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproximant_lateral_alveolar" title="Aproximant lateral alveolar – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aproximant lateral alveolar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveol%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_later%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_aproximanta" title="Alveolární laterální aproximanta – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alveolární laterální aproximanta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmhafter_lateraler_alveolarer_Approximant" title="Stimmhafter lateraler alveolarer Approximant – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stimmhafter lateraler alveolarer Approximant" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_lateral_approximants" title="Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproximante_lateral_alveolar" title="Aproximante lateral alveolar – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aproximante lateral alveolar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolaarinen_lateraalinen_approksimantti" title="Alveolaarinen lateraalinen approksimantti – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alveolaarinen lateraalinen approksimantti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonne_spirante_lat%C3%A9rale_alv%C3%A9olaire_vois%C3%A9e" title="Consonne spirante latérale alvéolaire voisée – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consonne spirante latérale alvéolaire voisée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99" title="עיצור מכתשי, מקורב צידי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצור מכתשי, מקורב צידי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolarni_lateralni_aproksimant" title="Alveolarni lateralni aproksimant – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alveolarni lateralni aproksimant" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laterale_approssimante_alveolare" title="Laterale approssimante alveolare – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Laterale approssimante alveolare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%A3%B0%E6%AD%AF%E3%83%BB%E6%AD%AF%E8%8C%8E%E3%83%BB%E5%BE%8C%E9%83%A8%E6%AD%AF%E8%8C%8E%E5%81%B4%E9%9D%A2%E6%8E%A5%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="有声歯・歯茎・後部歯茎側面接近音 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="有声歯・歯茎・後部歯茎側面接近音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EA%B2%BD_%EC%84%A4%EC%B8%A1_%EC%A0%91%EA%B7%BC%EC%9D%8C" title="치경 설측 접근음 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="치경 설측 접근음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolaire_lateralen_approximant" title="Alveolaire lateralen approximant – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alveolaire lateralen approximant" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4,_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2" title="आवाजयुक्त दंत, अल्व्होलर आणि अंदाजे पोस्टलव्होलर लॅटरल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आवाजयुक्त दंत, अल्व्होलर आणि अंदाजे पोस्टलव्होलर लॅटरल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaran_tak_geser_sisian_gusi" title="Malaran tak geser sisian gusi – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Malaran tak geser sisian gusi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolaire_laterale_approximant" title="Alveolaire laterale approximant – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alveolaire laterale approximant" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_boczna_dzi%C4%85s%C5%82owa_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska boczna dziąsłowa dźwięczna – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spółgłoska boczna dziąsłowa dźwięczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproximante_lateral_alveolar" title="Aproximante lateral alveolar – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aproximante lateral alveolar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_sonant%C4%83_lateral%C4%83_alveolar%C4%83" title="Consoană sonantă laterală alveolară – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consoană sonantă laterală alveolară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Переднеязычный латеральный аппроксимант – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Переднеязычный латеральный аппроксимант" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_approximant" title="Alveolar lateral approximant – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alveolar lateral approximant" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="เสียงเปิดข้างลิ้น ปุ่มเหงือก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสียงเปิดข้างลิ้น ปุ่มเหงือก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C5%9Fyuvas%C4%B1l_yans%C3%BCrt%C3%BCnmesiz_%C3%BCns%C3%BCz" title="Dişyuvasıl yansürtünmesiz ünsüz – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dişyuvasıl yansürtünmesiz ünsüz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Дзвінкий ясенний боковий апроксимант – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дзвінкий ясенний боковий апроксимант" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latera%C5%82e_alveo%C5%82are" title="Laterałe alveołare – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Laterałe alveołare" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E8%BE%B9%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈边近音 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="齿龈边近音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AD-g%C3%BBn_pian_k%C4%ABn-im" title="Khí-gûn pian kīn-im – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khí-gûn pian kīn-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q815439#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan 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mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Untuk konsonan diikuti dengan superskrip <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ˡ</span>, lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelepasan_lateral_(fonetik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelepasan lateral (fonetik) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelepasan lateral (fonetik)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce);;">Konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6);"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l</span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetis_Internasional#Nomor_IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet Fonetis Internasional">Nomor IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data">155</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6);">Pengodean karakter</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entitas <small>(desimal)</small></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#108;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unikode</a> <small>(heks)</small></th><td class="infobox-data">U+006C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Extended_Speech_Assessment_Methods_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>l</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kirshenbaum" title="Kirshenbaum">Kirshenbaum</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>l</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Braille_L.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807"><img alt="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/25px-Braille_L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/38px-Braille_L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/50px-Braille_L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6);">Sampel suara</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg/Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>noicon</figcaption></figure> <div style="text-align:center"><small><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg" title="Berkas:Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg">sumber</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Memainkan_berkas_media" title="Wikipedia:Memainkan berkas media">bantuan</a></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce);;">Konsonan hampiran lateral postalveolar bersuara</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6);"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l̠</span></span></th></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce);;">Konsonan hampiran lateral gigi</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6);"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l̪</span></span></th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi </b> adalah jenis bunyi <a href="/wiki/Konsonan" title="Konsonan">konsonan</a> yang digunakan dalam banyak <a href="/wiki/Bahasa" title="Bahasa">bahasa</a>. Simbol dalam <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Alfabet Fonetik Internasional">Alfabet Fonetik Internasional</a> yang mewakili konsonan <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gigi" title="Konsonan gigi">dental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_alveolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan alveolar">alveolar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_postalveolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan postalveolar">postalveolar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran" title="Konsonan hampiran">hampiran</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_lateral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan lateral (halaman belum tersedia)">sisi</a> adalah <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>l<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>, dan simbol ekuivalen <a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" class="mw-redirect" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a> adalah <span style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">l</span>. </p><p>Sebagai <a href="/wiki/Sonoran" title="Sonoran">sonoran</a>, pendekatan lateral hampir selalu disuarakan. <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser-sisi_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser-sisi rongga-gigi nirsuara">Konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi nirsuara</a>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l̥/</span> umum di <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Sino-Tibet" title="Rumpun bahasa Sino-Tibet">Rumpun bahasa Sino-Tibet</a>, tetapi tidak umum di tempat lain. Dalam kasus seperti itu, menyuarakan biasanya dimulai sekitar setengah dari konsonan. Tidak ada bahasa yang diketahui membedakan suara seperti itu dengan <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser-sisi_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser-sisi rongga-gigi nirsuara">Konsonan geser-sisi rongga-gigi nirsuara</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬ]</span>. </p><p>Dalam sejumlah bahasa, termasuk sebagian besar ragam bahasa Inggris, fonem <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velarisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velarisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">velarisasi</a> ("<a href="#l_gelap"><i>l</i> gelap</a>") di konteks tertentu. <span id="clear_l"></span> Sebaliknya, bentuk non-velarisasi adalah "<i>l</i> jelas" (juga dikenal sebagai: "<i>l</i> terang"), yang muncul sebelum dan di antara vokal dalam bahasa Inggris tertentu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa bahasa hanya memiliki <i>l</i> jelas.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orang lain mungkin tidak memiliki <i>l</i> yang jelas sama sekali, atau hanya memilikinya sebelum <a href="/wiki/Vokal_depan" title="Vokal depan">vokal depan</a> (terutama <span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_tertutup_depan" title="Vokal takbulat tertutup depan">i</a>]</span>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fitur">Fitur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Fitur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fitur"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karakteristik konsonan dari konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi adalah: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cara_artikulasi" title="Cara artikulasi">Cara artikulasinya</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Aproksiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Aproksiman">hampiran</a>, yang berarti dihasilkan dari penyempitan saluran vokal di tempat artikulasi, tapi tidak cukup kuat untuk menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Turbulensi" title="Turbulensi">aliran udara turbulensi</a>.</li> <li>Ada empat varian spesifik dari <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l]</span>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempat_artikulasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempat artikulasi">Tempat artikulasinya</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gigi" title="Konsonan gigi">gigi</a> yang berarti diartikulasikan dengan entah ujung ataupun pucuk lidah di <a href="/wiki/Gigi" title="Gigi">gigi</a> atas, konsonan ini dapat berupa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_apikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan apikal (halaman belum tersedia)">apikal</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_laminal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan laminal (halaman belum tersedia)">laminal</a>. Perlu diingat bahwa kebanyakan hentian dan likuida yang memiliki artikulasi gigi sebenarnya merupakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_rongga-gigi_gigi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan rongga-gigi gigi (halaman belum tersedia)">konsonan rongga-gigi gigi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempat_artikulasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempat artikulasi">Tempat artikulasinya</a> yakni <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_rongga-gigi" title="Konsonan rongga-gigi">rongga-gigi</a> (alveolar), yang berarti diartikulasikan dengan ujung ataupun pucuk lidah berada di <a href="/wiki/Alveolair" title="Alveolair">alveolair</a>, yang dapat menjadi <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_apikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan apikal (halaman belum tersedia)">apikal</a></i> atau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_laminal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan laminal (halaman belum tersedia)">laminal</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempat_artikulasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempat artikulasi">Tempat artikulasinya</a> adalah <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_Palato-alveolar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan Palato-alveolar (halaman belum tersedia)">palato-alveolar</a></i>, yang berarti <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_paska_rongga-gigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan paska rongga-gigi">konsonan paska rongga-gigi</a> di<a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatalisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatalisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">palatalisasikan</a> sebagian dan diartikulasikan dengan pucuk <a href="/wiki/Lidah" title="Lidah">lidah</a> dibelakang <a href="/wiki/Alveolair" title="Alveolair">alveolair</a> (gusi) dan bagian depan lidah dikepalkan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langit-langit_mulut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langit-langit mulut (halaman belum tersedia)">langit-langit mulut</a>.</li> <li>Ini adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_lisan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan lisan (halaman belum tersedia)">konsonan lisan</a>, yang berarti aliran udara hanya melalui <a href="/wiki/Mulut" title="Mulut">mulut</a></li> <li>Ini adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_lisan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan lisan (halaman belum tersedia)">konsonan lisan</a>, yang berarti aliran udara hanya melalui <a href="/wiki/Mulut" title="Mulut">mulut</a></li> <li>Konsonan ini merupakan <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sisi">konsonan sisi</a> (lateral) yang berarti dihasilkan dengan mengarahkan aliran udara di bagian sisi lidah dan bukannya ditengah.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekanisme_aliran_udara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mekanisme aliran udara (halaman belum tersedia)">Mekanisme aliran udaranya</a> adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulmonik_egresif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulmonik egresif (halaman belum tersedia)">pulmonal</a>, yang berarti diartikulasikan dengan mendorong udara hanya dengan <a href="/wiki/Paru-paru" title="Paru-paru">paru-paru</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Diafragma" class="mw-disambig" title="Diafragma">diafragma</a>, seperti pada kebanyakan suara.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kata-kata">Kata-kata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Kata-kata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kata-kata"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beberapa bahasa mungkin memiliki alveolar apikal atau laminal yang jelas, denti-alveolar laminal (seperti bahasa Prancis), atau dental sejati, yang jarang terjadi. Laminal denti-alveolar cenderung muncul dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Eropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Eropa">bahasa Eropa kontinental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, gigi sejati umumnya terjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alofonik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alofonik (halaman belum tersedia)">alofonik</a> sebelum <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<span class="wrap"> </span>θ/</span> dalam bahasa yang memilikinya, seperti dalam bahasa Inggris <i>hea<b>l</b>th</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dental_atau_denti-alveolar">Dental atau denti-alveolar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Dental atau denti-alveolar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Dental atau denti-alveolar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span id="Gigi"></span> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Bahasa </th> <th>Kata </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Alfabet Fonetik Internasional">IPA</a> </th> <th>Arti </th> <th>Catatan </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-disambig" title="Arab">Arab</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teluk_Arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teluk Arab (halaman belum tersedia)">Teluk</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQafisheh19772,_14_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQafisheh19772,_14-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>لين </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̪eːn]</span> </td> <td>'kapan' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Lihat <a href="/wiki/Fonologi_bahasa_Arab" title="Fonologi bahasa Arab">fonologi bahasa Arab</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tionghoa" title="Bahasa Tionghoa">Tionghoa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kanton" title="Bahasa Kanton">Kanton</a> </td> <td>蘭 / laan4 </td> <td align="center">[l̪an˨˩] </td> <td>'anggrek' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Mandarin" title="Bahasa Mandarin">Mandarin</a> </td> <td>蘭 / lan </td> <td align="center">[l̪an˨˥] </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hungaria" title="Bahasa Hungaria">Hongaria</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiptárTörkenczy200075–76_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiptárTörkenczy200075–76-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="hu"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Hungaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Hungaria (halaman belum tersedia)">e<b>l</b>em</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɛl̪ɛm]</span> </td> <td>'baterai' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Hongaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Hongaria (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Hongaria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Italia" title="Bahasa Italia">Italia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199289_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199289-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005133_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005133-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="it"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Italia (halaman belum tersedia)">mo<b>l</b>to</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈmol̪ːt̪o]</span> </td> <td>'banyak' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. <a href="/wiki/Alofon" title="Alofon">Alofon</a> dari <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> sebelum <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t,<span class="wrap"> </span>d,<span class="wrap"> </span>s,<span class="wrap"> </span>z,<span class="wrap"> </span>t͡s,<span class="wrap"> </span>d͡z/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199289_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199289-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005133_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005133-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Italia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Italia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Makedonia" title="Bahasa Makedonia">Makedonia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELunt19521_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELunt19521-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="mk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Makedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Makedonia (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>л</b>ево</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̪e̞vo̞]</span> </td> <td>'kiri' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Makedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Makedonia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Makedonia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu" title="Bahasa Melayu">Bahasa Melayu</a> </td> <td><span lang="ml"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Malayalam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Malayalam (halaman belum tersedia)">ലാവണം</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">läːʋɐɳɐm</span> </td> <td>'Asin' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Malayalam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Malayalam (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Malayalam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Mapuche" title="Bahasa Mapuche">Mapudungun</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="arn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Mapudungun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Mapudungun (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>ḻ</b>afkeṉ</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̪ɐ̝fkën̪]</span> </td> <td>'laut, danau' </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_interdental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan interdental (halaman belum tersedia)">Konsonan interdental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Norwegia" title="Bahasa Norwegia">Norwegia</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Norwegia_Urban_Timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Norwegia Urban Timur (halaman belum tersedia)">Urban Timur</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200025_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200025-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="no"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Norwegia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Norwegia (halaman belum tersedia)">an<b>l</b>egg</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[²ɑnːl̪ɛg]</span> </td> <td>'tanaman (industri)' </td> <td>Alofon <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> setelah <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n,<span class="wrap"> </span>t,<span class="wrap"> </span>d/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200025_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200025-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Norwegia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Norwegia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Norwegia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Spanyol" title="Bahasa Spanyol">Spanyol</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez-Celdrán2003255-259_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez-Celdrán2003255-259-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="es"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Spanyol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Spanyol (halaman belum tersedia)">a<b>l</b>tar</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[äl̪ˈt̪äɾ]</span> </td> <td>'altar' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Alofon <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> sebelum <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/,<span class="wrap"> </span>/d/</span>. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Spanyol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Spanyol (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi bahasa Spanyol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Swedia" title="Bahasa Swedia">Swedia</a> </td> <td>Standar Pusat<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngstrand2004167_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngstrand2004167-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="sv"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Swedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Swedia (halaman belum tersedia)">a<b>ll</b>t</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[äl̪t̪]</span> </td> <td>'semuanya' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Swedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Swedia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Swedia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tamil" title="Bahasa Tamil">Tamil</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeane2004111_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeane2004111-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="ta"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Tamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Tamil (halaman belum tersedia)">புலி</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pul̪i]</span> </td> <td>'harimau' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Tamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Tamil (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Tamil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Uzbek" title="Bahasa Uzbek">Uzbek</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196313_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESjoberg196313-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="uz"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Uzbekistan (halaman belum tersedia)">kelajak</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kel̪ædʒæk]</span> </td> <td>'masa depan' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Velarisasi antara vokal bulat nondepan dan konsonan atau fonem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeda_(lingustik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeda (lingustik) (halaman belum tersedia)">jeda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196313_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESjoberg196313-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Vietnam" title="Bahasa Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td>Hanoi<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959458–461_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959458–461-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet Vietnam"><b>l</b>ửa</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̪ɨə˧˩˧]</span> </td> <td>'api' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Vietnam (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Vietnam</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alveolar">Alveolar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Alveolar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Alveolar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Bahasa </th> <th>Kata </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Alfabet Fonetik Internasional">IPA</a> </th> <th>Arti </th> <th>Catatan </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a> </td> <td>Standar<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThelwall199038_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThelwall199038-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet Arab">لا</a></span>/laa </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[laʔ]</span> </td> <td>'tidak' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/wiki/Fonologi_bahasa_Arab" title="Fonologi bahasa Arab">fonologi bahasa Arab</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Armenia" title="Bahasa Armenia">Armenia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenia_Timur" title="Armenia Timur">Timur</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200920_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200920-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="hy"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Armenia" title="Alfabet Armenia"><b>լ</b>ուսին</a></span>/lusin </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lusin.ogg" title="Berkas:Lusin.ogg">[lusin]</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">bantuan</a>·<a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lusin.ogg" title="Berkas:Lusin.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </td> <td>'bulan' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Neo-Aram_Asiria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Neo-Aram Asiria (halaman belum tersedia)">Asiria</a> </td> <td>ܠܚܡܐ <b>l</b>äḳma </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lεxma]</span> </td> <td>'roti' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Katalan" title="Bahasa Katalan">Katalan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheeler200510–11_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheeler200510–11-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ESDCL_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESDCL-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="ca"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Katalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Katalan (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>l</b>aca</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈlɑkɐ]</span> </td> <td>'semprotan rambut' </td> <td>Apikal 'alveolar depan'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheeler200510–11_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheeler200510–11-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ESDCL_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESDCL-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dapat juga divelarisasi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20051,_20_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20051,_20-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Katalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Katalan (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi bahasa Katalan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Chuvash" title="Bahasa Chuvash">Chuvash</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Kiril" title="Alfabet Kiril">ху<b>л</b>а</a></td> <td align="center">[хu'la]</td> <td>'kota' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda">Belanda</a> </td> <td>Standar<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197,_222_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197,_222-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="nl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Belanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>l</b>aten</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈl̻aːt̻ə]</span> </td> <td>'membiarkan' </td> <td>Laminal. Beberapa penutur standar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialek_Flemish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialek Flemish (halaman belum tersedia)">Belgia</a> menggunakan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> yang jelas di semua posisi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197,_222_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197,_222-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Belanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Belanda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beberapa aksen Timur<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="nl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Belanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)">ma<b>l</b></a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɑl̻]</span> </td> <td>'cetakan' </td> <td>Laminal; realisasi <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> di semua posisi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Belanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Belanda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Maladewa" title="Bahasa Maladewa">Dhivehi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">ލަވަ</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal%C3%A9_Latin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malé Latin (halaman belum tersedia)">lava</a> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[laʋa]</span> </td> <td>'lagu' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">Bahasa Inggris</a> </td> <td>Kebanyakan aksen<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982515_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982515-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><b>l</b>et</i></a> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lɛt]</span> </td> <td>'membiarkan' </td> <td>Bervariasi antara apikal dan laminal, dengan yang terakhir lebih dominan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982515_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982515-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Inggris_Hiberno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Inggris Hiberno (halaman belum tersedia)">Irlandia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geordie" title="Geordie">Geordie</a><sup id="cite_ref-mark_jones_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mark_jones-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)"><i>te<b>ll</b></i></a> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʰɛl]</span> </td> <td>'memberi tahu' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" class="mw-redirect" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> </td> <td><span lang="eo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Esperanto (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>l</b>uno</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈluno]</span> </td> <td>'bulan' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Esperanto (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Esperanto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Filipina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Filipina">Filipina</a> </td> <td><span lang="tl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Tagalog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Tagalog (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>l</b>uto</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈluto]</span> </td> <td>'memasak' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Tagalog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Tagalog (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi Filipina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">Yunani</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><span lang="el"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Yunani (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>λ</b>έξη</a></span>/léksi </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈleksi]</span> </td> <td>'kata' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Yunani_Modern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Yunani Modern (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Yunani Modern</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Italia" title="Bahasa Italia">Italia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005132_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005132-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199288–89_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199288–89-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="it"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Italia (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>l</b>etto</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈlɛt̪ːo]</span> </td> <td>'tempat tidur' </td> <td>Apikal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199289_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199289-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Italia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Italia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jepang" title="Bahasa Jepang">Jepang</a> </td> <td><span lang="ja-Hani"><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">六</a></span> / <i><a href="/wiki/Romanisasi_bahasa_Jepang#Hepburn" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanisasi bahasa Jepang"><b>r</b>oku</a></i> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]</span> </td> <td>'enam' </td> <td>Apikal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELabrune201292_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELabrune201292-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebih umum <span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepakan_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan kepakan rongga-gigi bersuara">ɾ</a>]</span>. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Jepang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Jepang (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi bahasa Jepang</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kashubia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Kashubia">Kashubia</a><sup id="cite_ref-treder_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treder-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Seorang meminta agar artikel ini diberikan contoh." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span style="padding-right:0.1em;">apa contohnya?</span></a></i>]</span></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Khmer" title="Bahasa Khmer">Khmer</a> </td> <td><span lang="km"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khmer_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khmer script (halaman belum tersedia)">ភ្លេង</a></span> / <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">ph<b>l</b>éng</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pʰleːŋ]</span> </td> <td>'musik' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Khmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Khmer (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Khmer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Korea" title="Bahasa Korea">Bahasa Korea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hangul" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangul">일</a> / <span lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revisi_Romanisasi_bahasa_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revisi Romanisasi bahasa Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">i<b>l</b></a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[il]</span> </td> <td>'satu' atau 'bekerja' </td> <td>Direalisasikan sebagai tap alveolar ɾ di awal suku kata. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Korea (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Korea</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kirgistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kirgistan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kirgistan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKara200311_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKara200311-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="ky"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Kyrgyz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Kyrgyz (halaman belum tersedia)">көпө<b>л</b>өк</a></span>/köpölök </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[køpøˈløk]</span> </td> <td>'kupu-kupu' </td> <td>Velarisasi dalam konteks vokal belakang. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Kirgis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Kirgis (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Kirgis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Laghu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Laghu (halaman belum tersedia)">Laghu</a> </td> <td><span lang="lgb"><b>l</b>aghu</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lagu]</span> </td> <td>'bahasa Laghu' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Laghuu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Laghuu (halaman belum tersedia)">Laghuu</a> </td> <td>Nậm Sài, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sa_Pa_(kota)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sa Pa (kota) (halaman belum tersedia)">Sa Pa</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[la˧˨<span class="wrap"> </span>ɣɯ˥]</span> </td> <td>'bahasa Laghuu' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Mapuche" title="Bahasa Mapuche">Mapudungun</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="arn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Mapudungun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Mapudungun (halaman belum tersedia)">e<b>l</b>un</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ëˈlʊn]</span> </td> <td>'memberi' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Nepal" title="Bahasa Nepal">Nepal</a> </td> <td><span lang="ne"><a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī"><b>ला</b>मो</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lama]</span> </td> <td>'panjang' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Nepal (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Nepal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Odia" title="Bahasa Odia">Odia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasica1991107_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasica1991107-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="atau"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skrip_Odia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skrip Odia (halaman belum tersedia)">ଭ<b>ଲ</b></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[bʰɔlɔ]</span> </td> <td>'baik' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Persia" title="Bahasa Persia">Persia</a> </td> <td><span lang="fa" dir="rtl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Persia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Persia (halaman belum tersedia)">لاما</a></span>/lama </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lɒmɒ]</span> </td> <td>'llama' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Persia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Persia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Persia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Polandia" title="Bahasa Polandia">Bahasa Polandia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocławski1976130_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocławski1976130-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="pl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Polandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Polandia (halaman belum tersedia)">po<b>l</b>e</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pl-pole-2.ogg" title="Berkas:Pl-pole-2.ogg">[ˈpɔlɛ]</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">bantuan</a>·<a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pl-pole-2.ogg" title="Berkas:Pl-pole-2.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </td> <td>'bidang' </td> <td>Kontras dengan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫ̪]</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>) untuk sejumlah kecil penutur. Ketika itu terjadi, itu mungkin menjadi palatalisasi ke <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lʲ]</span>. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Polandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Polandia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Polandia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rumania" title="Bahasa Rumania">Bahasa Rumania</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChițoran200110_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChițoran200110-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Rumania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Rumania (halaman belum tersedia)">a<b>l</b>ună</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[äˈlun̪ə]</span> </td> <td>'kemiri' </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_apikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan apikal (halaman belum tersedia)">Apikal</a>. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Rumania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Rumania (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Rumania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gaelik_Skotlandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaelik Skotlandia">Gaelik Skotlandia</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="gd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Gaelik_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Gaelik Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">mao<b>il</b></a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɯːl]</span> </td> <td>'tanjung' </td> <td>Kontras dengan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɫ̪/</span> dan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʎ/</span>. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Gaelik_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Gaelik Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Gaelik Skotlandia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Slowakia" title="Bahasa Slowakia">Bahasa Slowakia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanulíkováHamann2010374_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanulíkováHamann2010374-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="sk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Slowakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Slowakia (halaman belum tersedia)">m<b>ĺ</b>kvy</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:SK-mlkvy.ogg" title="Berkas:SK-mlkvy.ogg">[ˈml̩ːkʋi]</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">bantuan</a>·<a href="/wiki/Berkas:SK-mlkvy.ogg" title="Berkas:SK-mlkvy.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </td> <td>'diam' </td> <td>Bentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_suku_kata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan suku kata (halaman belum tersedia)">Suku kata</a> bisa panjang atau pendek. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Slovakia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Slovakia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Slovenia" title="Bahasa Slovenia">Bahasa Slovenia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPretnarTokarz198021_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPretnarTokarz198021-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="sl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Slovenia (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>l</b>eta<b>l</b>o</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lɛˈt̪àːlɔ]</span> </td> <td>'pesawat terbang' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Slovenia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi bahasa Slovenia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Spanyol" title="Bahasa Spanyol">Spanyol</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003255_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003255-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="es"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_bahasa_Spanyol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi bahasa Spanyol (halaman belum tersedia)">hab<b>l</b>ar</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[äˈβ̞läɾ]</span> </td> <td>'berbicara' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Spanyol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Spanyol (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi bahasa Spanyol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Welsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Welsh">Welsh</a> </td> <td>diafo<b>l</b> </td> <td>[djavɔl] </td> <td>'setan' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Welsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Welsh (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Welsh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ukraina" title="Bahasa Ukraina">Ukraina</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="uk"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Ukraina" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet Ukraina">об<b>л</b>иччя</a></span>/oblychchya </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[oˈblɪt͡ʃːɐ]</span> </td> <td>'menghadapi' </td> <td>Kontras dengan bentuk palatalisasi. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Ukraina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Ukraina (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Ukraina</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postalveolar">Postalveolar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Postalveolar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Postalveolar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_tarik-belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan hampiran-sisi tarik-belakang bersuara">Konsonan hampiran-sisi tarik-belakang bersuara</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Bahasa </th> <th>Kata </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Alfabet Fonetik Internasional">IPA</a> </th> <th>Arti </th> <th>Catatan </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Igbo" title="Bahasa Igbo">Igbo</a> </td> <td>Standar<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIkekeonwu1999108_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIkekeonwu1999108-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="ig"><b>l</b>ì</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̠ì]</span> </td> <td>'mengubur' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Italia" title="Bahasa Italia">Italia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199289_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199289-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="it"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Italia (halaman belum tersedia)">i<b>l</b> cervo</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[il̠ʲ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈt͡ʃɛrvo]</span> </td> <td>'si kancil' </td> <td>Laminal terpalatalisasi; alofon <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> sebelum <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ,<span class="wrap"> </span>t͡ʃ,<span class="wrap"> </span>d͡ʒ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199289_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199289-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Italia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Italia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Turki" title="Bahasa Turki">Turki</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake20058_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake20058-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="tr"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Turki" title="Alfabet Turki"><b>l</b>a<b>l</b>e</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tur-lale.ogg" title="Berkas:Tur-lale.ogg">[l̠ʲäːˈl̠ʲɛ]</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">bantuan</a>·<a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tur-lale.ogg" title="Berkas:Tur-lale.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </td> <td>'bunga tulip' </td> <td>Palatalisasi; kontras dengan velarisasi lateral gigi <span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_Velarized_dental_lateral_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan Velarized dental lateral approximant (halaman belum tersedia)">ɫ̪</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake20058_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake20058-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Turki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Turki (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Turki</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Zapotec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Zapotec (halaman belum tersedia)">Zapotec</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Zapotec_Tilquiapan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Zapotec Tilquiapan (halaman belum tersedia)">Tilquiapan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008108_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008108-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="zts"><b>l</b>an</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̠an]</span> </td> <td>'jelaga' </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variabel">Variabel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Variabel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Variabel"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Bahasa </th> <th>Kata </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Alfabet Fonetik Internasional">IPA</a> </th> <th>Arti </th> <th>Catatan </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Faroe" title="Bahasa Faroe">Bahasa Faroe</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011115_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011115-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="fo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Faroe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Faroe (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>l</b>inur</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈliːnʊɹ]</span> </td> <td>'lembut' </td> <td>Bervariasi antara gigi dan alveolar pada posisi awal, sedangkan pascavokal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> mungkin postalveolar, terutama setelah vokal belakang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011115_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011115-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Faroe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Faroe (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi Faroe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis">Prancis</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996192_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996192-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="fr"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Perancis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Perancis (halaman belum tersedia)">i<b>l</b></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[il]</span> </td> <td>'dia' </td> <td>Bervariasi antara laminal denti-alveolar dan alveolar apikal, dengan alveolar apikal yang dominan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996192_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996192-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Prancis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Prancis (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi Prancis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman">Jerman</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Jerman_Standar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Jerman Standar (halaman belum tersedia)">Standar</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangold200549_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangold200549-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="de"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_bahasa_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi bahasa Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>L</b>iebe</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈliːbə]</span> </td> <td>'cinta' </td> <td>Bervariasi antara alveolar denti-alveolar, alveolar laminal, dan alveolar apikal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangold200549_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangold200549-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Norwegia" title="Bahasa Norwegia">Norwegia</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Norwegia_Urban_Timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Norwegia Urban Timur (halaman belum tersedia)">Urban Timur</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200024–25_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200024–25-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="no"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Norwegia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Norwegia (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>l</b>iv</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[liːʋ]</span> </td> <td>'kehidupan' </td> <td>Dalam proses perubahan dari laminal denti-alveolar ke apikal alveolar, tetapi laminal denti-alveolar masih memungkinkan di beberapa lingkungan, dan wajib dilakukan setelah <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n,<span class="wrap"> </span>t,<span class="wrap"> </span>d/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200024–25_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200024–25-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Norwegia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Norwegia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Norwegia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Portugis" title="Bahasa Portugis">Portugis</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Sebagian besar dialek <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Portugis_Brasil" title="Bahasa Portugis Brasil">Brasil</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarbosaAlbano2004229_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarbosaAlbano2004229-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beberapa pembicara <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Portugis_Eropa" title="Bahasa Portugis Eropa">PE</a><sup id="cite_ref-FinleyRodrigues2019_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FinleyRodrigues2019-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="pt"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Portugis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Portugis (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>l</b>ero-<b>l</b>ero</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈlɛɾʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈlɛɾʊ]</span> </td> <td>'alasan yang bukan-bukan'<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2">Jelas, bergigi hingga terkadang alveolar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199592_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199592-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanya muncul di awal suku kata, dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokalisasi-l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokalisasi-l (halaman belum tersedia)">vokalisasi-l</a> banyak muncul di <a href="/wiki/Silabel#Coda" class="mw-redirect" title="Silabel">coda</a>. Terkadang ditemukan sebelum vokal depan hanya dalam <a href="#L_gelap_Portugis">variasi Eropa</a>. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Portugis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Portugis (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Portugis</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="pt"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Portugis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Portugis (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>L</b>ituânia</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pt-br-litu%C3%A2nia.ogg" title="Berkas:Pt-br-lituânia.ogg">[l̪it̪uˈɐ̃ɲ̟ɐ]</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">bantuan</a>·<a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pt-br-litu%C3%A2nia.ogg" title="Berkas:Pt-br-lituânia.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a>' </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi_tervelarisasi">Konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi tervelarisasi <span id="L_gelap"></span><span id="l_gelap"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi tervelarisasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi tervelarisasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffe6,#f2f2ce);;">L tervelarisasi</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6);"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">lˠ</span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6);"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">lˤ</span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6);"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɫ</span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetis_Internasional#Nomor_IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet Fonetis Internasional">Nomor IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data">209</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6);">Pengodean karakter</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Extended_Speech_Assessment_Methods_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>5, l_G, l_?\</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kirshenbaum" title="Kirshenbaum">Kirshenbaum</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>l<vzd></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0px; border:0; collapsing margins; background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#FFFFE6; border:0;">Gambar </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: transparent; border:0;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg/150px-IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg/225px-IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg/300px-IPA_Unicode_0x026B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6); background-image: linear-gradient(left, #ffffed,#ffffe6);">Sampel suara</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>noicon</figcaption></figure> <div style="text-align:center"><small><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant.ogg" title="Berkas:Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg">sumber</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Memainkan_berkas_media" title="Wikipedia:Memainkan berkas media">bantuan</a></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi tervelarisasi</b> (<abbr title="">juga dikenal sebagai</abbr> <b>l gelap</b>) adalah jenis <a href="/wiki/Konsonan" title="Konsonan">konsonan</a> yang digunakan di beberapa bahasa. Ini adalah pendekatan lateral alveolar, denti-alveolar, atau gigi, dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artikulasi_sekunder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artikulasi sekunder (halaman belum tersedia)">artikulasi sekunder</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velarisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velarisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">velarisasi</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Faringealisasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Faringealisasi">faringealisasi</a>. Simbol reguler dalam <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Alfabet Fonetik Internasional">Alfabet Fonetik Internasional</a> yang mewakili bunyi ini adalah <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>lˠ<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> (untuk lateral yang tervelarisasi) dan <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>lˤ<span class="Unicode">⟩</span> (untuk lateral yang terfaring), meskipun khusus huruf <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ɫ<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>, yang mencakup velarisasi dan faringisasi, mungkin lebih umum. Yang terakhir tidak boleh disamakan dengan <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ɬ<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>, yang mewakili <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser-sisi_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser-sisi rongga-gigi nirsuara">Konsonan geser-sisi rongga-gigi nirsuara</a>. Namun, beberapa sarjana menggunakan simbol itu untuk mewakili konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi tervelarisasi <sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meskipun penggunaan seperti itu dianggap tidak standar. </p><p>Jika bunyinya adalah gigi atau denti-alveolar, seseorang dapat menggunakan diakritik <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gigi" title="Konsonan gigi">gigi</a> untuk menunjukkannya: <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>l̪ˠ<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>, <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>l̪ˤ<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>, <span class="Unicode">⟨</span> ɫ̪<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>. </p><p>Velarisasi dan faringisasi umumnya dikaitkan dengan lebih banyak artikulasi gigi dari <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_koronal" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan koronal">konsonan koronal</a>, sehingga <i>l</i> yang gelap cenderung menjadi gigi atau denti-alveolar. <i>l</i> jelas (non-velarisasi) cenderung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarikan_(fonetik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarikan (fonetik) (halaman belum tersedia)">ditarik</a> ke posisi alveolar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20054_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20054-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Istilah <i>l</i> gelap sering identik dengan <i>l</i> keras, khususnya di <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Slavia" title="Rumpun bahasa Slavia">Rumpun bahasa Slavia</a>. (Bandingkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_keras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan keras (halaman belum tersedia)">Konsonan keras</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fitur_2">Fitur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Fitur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fitur"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fitur l gelap: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cara_artikulasi" title="Cara artikulasi">Cara artikulasinya</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Aproksiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Aproksiman">hampiran</a>, yang berarti dihasilkan dari penyempitan saluran vokal di tempat artikulasi, tapi tidak cukup kuat untuk menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Turbulensi" title="Turbulensi">aliran udara turbulensi</a>.</li> <li>Ada empat varian spesifik dari <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫ]</span>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gigi" title="Konsonan gigi">Gigi</a>, yang artinya diartikulasikan dengan ujung atau bilah lidah di <a href="/wiki/Gigi" title="Gigi">gigi</a> atas.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_denti-alveolar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan denti-alveolar (halaman belum tersedia)">Denti-alveolar</a>, yang artinya diartikulasikan dengan bilah lidah di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar ridge (halaman belum tersedia)">alveolar ridge</a>, dan ujung lidah di belakang gigi atas.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_alveolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan alveolar">Alveolar</a>, yang artinya diartikulasikan dengan ujung atau, lebih jarang,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20054_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20054-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bilah lidah di alveolar ridge, disebut masing-masing <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_apikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan apikal (halaman belum tersedia)">apikal</a></i> dan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_laminal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan laminal (halaman belum tersedia)">laminal</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_postalveolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan postalveolar">Postalveolar</a>, yang artinya diartikulasikan dengan ujung atau bilah lidah di belakang alveolar ridge, masing-masing disebut <i>apikal</i> dan <i>laminal</i>.</li></ul></li> <li>Memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artikulasi_sekunder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artikulasi sekunder (halaman belum tersedia)">artikulasi sekunder</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velarisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velarisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">velarisasi</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Faringealisasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Faringealisasi">faringealisasi</a>, artinya bagian belakang atau <a href="/wiki/Lidah#Struktur" title="Lidah">akar lidah</a> mendekati <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langit-langit_lunak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langit-langit lunak (halaman belum tersedia)">langit-langit lunak</a> (velum), atau bagian belakang tenggorokan, masing-masing.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonasinya</a> yakni bersuara, yang berarti pita suara bergetar saat artikulasinya.</li> <li>Ini adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_lisan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan lisan (halaman belum tersedia)">konsonan lisan</a>, yang berarti aliran udara hanya melalui <a href="/wiki/Mulut" title="Mulut">mulut</a></li> <li>Konsonan ini merupakan <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sisi">konsonan sisi</a> (lateral) yang berarti dihasilkan dengan mengarahkan aliran udara di bagian sisi lidah dan bukannya ditengah.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekanisme_aliran_udara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mekanisme aliran udara (halaman belum tersedia)">Mekanisme aliran udaranya</a> adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulmonik_egresif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulmonik egresif (halaman belum tersedia)">pulmonal</a>, yang berarti diartikulasikan dengan mendorong udara hanya dengan <a href="/wiki/Paru-paru" title="Paru-paru">paru-paru</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Diafragma" class="mw-disambig" title="Diafragma">diafragma</a>, seperti pada kebanyakan suara.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kata-kata_2">Kata-kata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Kata-kata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kata-kata"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dental_atau_denti-alveolar_2">Dental atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_denti-alveolar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan denti-alveolar (halaman belum tersedia)">denti-alveolar</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Dental atau denti-alveolar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Dental atau denti-alveolar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Bahasa </th> <th>Kata </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Alfabet Fonetik Internasional">IPA</a> </th> <th>Arti </th> <th>Catatan </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bashkir" title="Bahasa Bashkir">Bashkir</a> </td> <td><span lang="ba">ҡа<b>л</b>а</span>/qala </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ba-%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0.ogg" title="Berkas:Ba-ҡала.ogg">[qɑˈɫɑ]</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">bantuan</a>·<a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ba-%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0.ogg" title="Berkas:Ba-ҡала.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </td> <td>'kota' </td> <td>Velar gigi lateral; terjadi dalam konteks vokal belakang. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belarusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Belarusia">Belarusia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadluzhny198950–51_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadluzhny198950–51-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="be">Бе<b>л</b>арусь</span>/Biełaruś </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[bʲɛɫ̪äˈrusʲ]</span> </td> <td>'Belarusia' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar; kontras dengan bentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatalisasi_(fonetik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatalisasi (fonetik) (halaman belum tersedia)">palatalisasi</a>. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Belarusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Belarusia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi bahasa Belarusia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bulgaria" title="Bahasa Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="Pernyataan ini perlu referensi ke sumber yang lebih baik. since Desember 2021" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_tepercaya" title="Wikipedia:Sumber tepercaya">butuh sumber yang lebih baik</a></i>]</span></sup> </td> <td><span lang="bg"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">сто<b>л</b></a></span><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Romanisasi_bahasa_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanisasi bahasa Bulgaria">sto<b>l</b></a></i> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[stoɫ̪]</span> </td> <td>'kursi' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Bulgaria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Katalan" title="Bahasa Katalan">Katalan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20051,_20_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20051,_20-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERafel199914_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERafel199914-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span lang="ca"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Katalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Katalan (halaman belum tersedia)">a<b>l</b>t</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈäɫ̪(t̪)]</span> </td> <td>'tinggi' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Alofon <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> sebelum <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t,<span class="wrap"> </span>d/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERafel199914_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERafel199914-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Katalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Katalan (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Katalan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Armenia_Klasik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Armenia Klasik">Armenia Klasik</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20051,_20_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20051,_20-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERafel199914_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERafel199914-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Armenia" title="Alfabet Armenia">խա<b>ղ</b>եր</a></span>/xaġer </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[χɑɫɛɹ]</span> </td> <td>'permainan' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Islandia" title="Bahasa Islandia">Islandia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScholten200022_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScholten200022-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Islandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Islandia (halaman belum tersedia)"><i>si<b>gl</b>di</i></a> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s̺ɪɫ̪t̪ɪ]</span> </td> <td>'berlayar' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar; langka. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Islandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Islandia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Islandia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kashubia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Kashubia">Kashubia</a> </td> <td>Penutur tenggara yang lebih tua<sup id="cite_ref-treder_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treder-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Seorang meminta agar artikel ini diberikan contoh." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span style="padding-right:0.1em;">apa contohnya?</span></a></i>]</span></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar; direalisasikan sebagai <span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan Voiced labial–velar approximant (halaman belum tersedia)">w</a>]</span> oleh pembicara lain.<sup id="cite_ref-treder_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treder-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Lituania" title="Bahasa Lituania">Lituania</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiassen199623_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiassen199623-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="lt"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Lituania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Lituania (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>l</b>abas</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɫ̪äːbɐs̪]</span> </td> <td>'Hai' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar; kontras dengan bentuk palatalisasi. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Lituania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Lituania (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Lituania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Makedonia" title="Bahasa Makedonia">Makedonia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELunt195211–12_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELunt195211–12-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="mk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Makedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabet Makedonia (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>л</b>ук</a></span><br /><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisasi_Makedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanisasi Makedonia (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>l</b>uk</a></i> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫ̪uk]</span> </td> <td>'bawang putih' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Hadir hanya sebelum vokal belakang (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u,<span class="wrap"> </span>o,<span class="wrap"> </span>a/</span>) dan suku kata-akhirnya. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Makedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Makedonia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Makedonia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Norwegia" title="Bahasa Norwegia">Norwegia</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Norwegia_Urban_Timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Norwegia Urban Timur (halaman belum tersedia)">Urban Timur</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiassen199623_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiassen199623-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200025_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200025-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="no"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Norwegia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Norwegia (halaman belum tersedia)">ta<b>l</b>e</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̻ʰɑːɫ̪ə]</span> </td> <td>'pidato' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Alofon <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> setelah <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔ,<span class="wrap"> </span>oː,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɑ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɑː/</span>, dan terkadang juga setelah <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u,<span class="wrap"> </span>uː/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200025_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200025-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, menurut <a href="#CITEREFEndresen1990">Endresen (1990)</a>, alofon ini tidak velarisasi.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Norwegia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Norwegia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Norwegia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Polandia" title="Bahasa Polandia">Polandia</a> </td> <td>Dialek Timur<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocławski1976130_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocławski1976130-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="pl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Polandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Polandia (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>ł</b>apa</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɫ̪äpä]</span> </td> <td>'mengais' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Sesuai dengan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span> dalam varietas lain. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Polandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Polandia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Polandia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">Bahasa Rusia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesWard1969168_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesWard1969168-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="ru"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Rusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Rusia (halaman belum tersedia)">ма<b>л</b>ый</a></span>/malyy </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈmɑ̟ɫ̪ɨ̞j]</span> </td> <td>'kecil' </td> <td>Denti-alveolar laminal faring. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Rusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Rusia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Rusia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Gaelik_Skotlandia" title="Bahasa Gaelik Skotlandia">Gaelik Skotlandia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÓ_Dochartaigh1997_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÓ_Dochartaigh1997-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="gd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_dan_ortografi_Gaelik_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi dan ortografi Gaelik Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Ma<b>ll</b>aig</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈmäʊɫ̪ækʲ]</span> </td> <td>'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mallaig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mallaig (halaman belum tersedia)">Mallaig</a>' </td> <td>Kontras dengan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> dan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʎ/</span>. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Gaelik_Skotlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Gaelik Skotlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi Gaelik Skotlandia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Turki" title="Bahasa Turki">Turki</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake20058_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake20058-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="tr"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Turki" title="Alfabet Turki"><b>l</b>a<b>l</b>a</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫ̪äˈɫ̪ä]</span> </td> <td>'pelayan' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar; kontras dengan palatalisasi postalveolar lateral <span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_pasca_rongga-gigi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan hampiran-sisi pasca rongga-gigi (halaman belum tersedia)">l̠</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake20058_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake20058-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Turki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Turki (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Turki</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alveolar_2">Alveolar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Alveolar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Alveolar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Bahasa </th> <th>Kata </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Alfabet Fonetik Internasional">IPA</a> </th> <th>Arti </th> <th>Catatan </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Afrikaans" title="Bahasa Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> </td> <td>Standar<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonaldson199317_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson199317-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELass1987117_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELass1987117-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="af">tafe<b>l</b></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtɑːfəɫ]</span> </td> <td>'meja' </td> <td>Tervelarisasi di semua posisi, terutama secara non-prevokal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonaldson199317_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson199317-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELass1987117_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELass1987117-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Afrikaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Afrikaans (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Afrikaans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Albania" title="Bahasa Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td>Standar </td> <td><span lang="sq"><b>ll</b>u<b>ll</b>ë</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɫuɫə]</span> </td> <td>'pipa rokok' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a> </td> <td>Standar<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson200216_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson200216-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet Arab">الله</a></span> <span title="Arab-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alih_aksara_bahasa_Arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alih aksara bahasa Arab (halaman belum tersedia)">ʼA<b>ll</b>ah</a></i></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʔɑɫˈɫɑːh]</span> </td> <td>'Tuhan' </td> <td>Juga ditranskripsikan sebagai <span class="Unicode">⟨</span>lˤ<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>. Banyak aksen dan dialek tidak memiliki bunyi dan sebagai gantinya mengucapkan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l]</span>. Lihat <a href="/wiki/Fonologi_bahasa_Arab" title="Fonologi bahasa Arab">fonologi bahasa Arab</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Katalan" title="Bahasa Katalan">Katalan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20051,_20_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20051,_20-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Katalan#Dialek" title="Bahasa Katalan">Dialek Timur</a> </td> <td><span lang="ca"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Katalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Katalan (halaman belum tersedia)">ce<b>l·l</b>a</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈsɛɫːə]</span> </td> <td>'sel' </td> <td rowspan="2">Apikal. Bisa selalu gelap dalam banyak dialek. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Katalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Katalan (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Katalan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Katalan#Dialek" title="Bahasa Katalan">Dialek Barat</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Katalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Katalan (halaman belum tersedia)">a<b>l</b></a></i> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑɫ]</span> </td> <td>'ke' </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda">Belanda</a> </td> <td>Standar<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees200358,_197,_222_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees200358,_197,_222-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="nl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Belanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)">ma<b>ll</b>en</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈmɑɫ̻ə]</span> </td> <td>'cetakan' </td> <td>Laminal; terfaringisasi dalam aksen utara, tervelarisasi atau pascapalatalisasi dalam aksen selatan. Ini merupakan alofon dari <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> sebelum konsonan dan jeda, dan juga secara prevokal ketika setelah vokal belakang terbuka <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɑ/</span>. Banyak penutur utara menyadari <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> terakhir sebagai vocaid yang sangat faringisasi <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɤˤ]</span>, sementara beberapa penutur Standar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Belanda_Belgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Belanda Belgia (halaman belum tersedia)">Belgia</a> menggunakan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> di semua posisi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees200358,_197,_222_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees200358,_197,_222-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Belanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi Belanda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beberapa aksen Belanda<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="nl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Belanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)"><b>l</b>aten</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɫ̻aːt̻ə]</span> </td> <td>'membiarkan' </td> <td>Laminal faringealisasi; realisasi <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> di semua posisi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Belanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Belanda (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Belanda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">Inggris</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocaJohnson199973_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocaJohnson199973-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Australia" title="Bahasa Inggris Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_bahasa_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi bahasa Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)"><i>fee<b>l</b></i></a> </td> <td rowspan="7" align="center"><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:En-us-feel.ogg" title="Berkas:En-us-feel.ogg"> [fiːɫ]</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">bantuan</a>·<a href="/wiki/Berkas:En-us-feel.ogg" title="Berkas:En-us-feel.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </td> <td rowspan="7">'merasa' </td> <td rowspan="7">Paling sering apikal; bisa selalu gelap di Australia dan Selandia Baru. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Inggris_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Inggris Australia (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Inggris Australia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Inggris_Selandia_Baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Inggris Selandia Baru (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Inggris Selandia Baru</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Inggris</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kanada" title="Bahasa Inggris Kanada">Kanada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Irlandia" title="Bahasa Inggris Irlandia">Dublin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Amerika" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Inggris Amerika">Amerika</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Selandia_Baru" title="Bahasa Inggris Selandia Baru">Selandia Baru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Afrika_Selatan" title="Bahasa Inggris Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Skotlandia" title="Bahasa Inggris Skotlandia">Skotlandia</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_bahasa_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi bahasa Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><b>l</b>och</i></a> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫɔx]</span> </td> <td>'danau' </td> <td>Bisa selalu gelap kecuali dalam beberapa pinjaman dari <a href="/wiki/Gaelik_Skotlandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaelik Skotlandia">Gaelik Skotlandia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">Yunani</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varietas_Bahasa_Yunani_Modern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varietas Bahasa Yunani Modern (halaman belum tersedia)">Dialek Utara</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span lang="el"><a href="/wiki/Abjad_Yunani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abjad Yunani">μπά<b>λα</b></a></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Romanisasi_bahasa_Yunani" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanisasi bahasa Yunani">bá<b>ll</b>a</a></i> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈbaɫa]</span> </td> <td>'bola' </td> <td>Alofon <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> sebelum <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a<span class="wrap"> </span>o<span class="wrap"> </span>u/</span>. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Yunani_Modern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Yunani Modern (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi Yunani Modern</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Georgia" title="Bahasa Georgia">Bahasa Georgia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Georgia" title="Alfabet Georgia">ჟო<b>ლ</b>ო</a> </td> <td>[ˈʒo̞ɫo̞] </td> <td>'raspberry' </td> <td>Sebuah alofon dari /l/ sebelum /o u/ dan /a/. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Georgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Georgia (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi Georgia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kurdi" title="Bahasa Kurdi">Kurdi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sorani" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorani">Sorani</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Kurdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Kurdi (halaman belum tersedia)"><i>gâ<b>l</b>ta</i></a> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[gɑːɫˈtʲaː]</span> </td> <td>'bercanda' </td> <td>Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Kurdi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Kurdi (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi Kurdi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Romania">Rumania</a> </td> <td>Dialek Bessarabia<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPop193830_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPop193830-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="ro"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abjad_Rumania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abjad Rumania (halaman belum tersedia)">ca<b>l</b></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kaɫ]</span> </td> <td>'kuda' </td> <td>Sesuai dengan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">di lingkungan mana?</a></i>]</span></sup> non-velarisasi dalam bahasa Rumania standar. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_Rumania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi Rumania (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi Rumania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Kroasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Kroasia">Serbo-Kroasia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGickCampbellOhTamburri-Watt2006?_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGickCampbellOhTamburri-Watt2006?-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="sh"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Kiril_Serbia" title="Alfabet Kiril Serbia"><b>л</b>ак</a></span> / <span lang="sh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Latin_Gaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet Latin Gaj"><b>l</b>ak </a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫâ̠k]</span> </td> <td>'mudah' </td> <td>Apikal; mungkin suku kata; kontras dengan <span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_langit-langit_bersuara" title="Konsonan hampiran-sisi langit-langit bersuara">ʎ</a>/</span>. Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Serbo-Kroasia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Serbo-Kroasia (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Serbo-Kroasia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Uzbekistan">Uzbek</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196313_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESjoberg196313-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Seorang meminta agar artikel ini diberikan contoh." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span style="padding-right:0.1em;">apa contohnya?</span></a></i>]</span></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Apikal; antara vokal bulat bukan depan dan fonem konsonan atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeda_(linguistik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeda (linguistik) (halaman belum tersedia)">jeda</a>. Denti-alveolar yang tidak tervelarisasi di tempat lain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196313_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESjoberg196313-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Variabel_2">Variabel <span id="L_gelap_Portugis"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Variabel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Variabel"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Bahasa </th> <th>Kata </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Alfabet Fonetik Internasional">IPA</a> </th> <th>Arti </th> <th>Catatan </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Portugis" title="Bahasa Portugis">Portugis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Portugis_Eropa" title="Bahasa Portugis Eropa">Eropa</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199593_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199593-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="pt"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Portugis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Portugis (halaman belum tersedia)">mi<b>l</b></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[miɫ̪]</span> </td> <td>'ribu' </td> <td>Gigi dan sangat tervelarisasi di semua lingkungan untuk kebanyakan penutur, meskipun kurang begitu sebelum vokal depan.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FinleyRodrigues2019_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FinleyRodrigues2019-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Portugis_Brasil" title="Bahasa Portugis Brasil">Bahasa Portugis Brasil</a> yang lebih tua dan konservatif<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBisol2005211_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBisol2005211-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span lang="pt"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Portugis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Portugis (halaman belum tersedia)">á<b>l</b>coo<b>l</b></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈäɫ̪ko̞ɫ̪]</span> </td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etanol" title="Etanol">etanol</a>' </td> <td>Ketika <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lˠ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>lʶ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>lˤ<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>lˀ]</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> paling sering gigi. <a href="/wiki/Suku_kata#Coda" title="Suku kata">Coda</a> kini menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokalisasi-L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokalisasi-L (halaman belum tersedia)"> disuarakan</a> menjadi <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">(</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan Voiced labial–velar approximant (halaman belum tersedia)">u̯</a><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">)</span><span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">(</span><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_hampir_tertutup_hampir_belakang" title="Vokal bulat hampir tertutup hampir belakang">ʊ̯</a><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">)</span>]</span> di sebagian besar Brasil (seperti di EP di bagian pedesaan <a href="/wiki/Distrik_Viana_do_Castelo" title="Distrik Viana do Castelo">Alto Minho</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Realisasi yang distigmatisasi seperti {{IPA|[<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">(</span><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepakan_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan kepakan rongga-gigi bersuara">ɾ</a><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">)</span> ~ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">(</span><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepakan_tarik-belakang" title="Konsonan kepakan tarik-belakang">ɽ</a><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">)</span> ~ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">(</span><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran_tarik-belakang" title="Konsonan hampiran tarik-belakang">ɻ</a><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">)</span>]} }, rentang <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʁ/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran_langit-langit" title="Konsonan hampiran langit-langit">j</a>]</span> dan bahkan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[∅]</span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nol_(linguistik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nol (linguistik) (halaman belum tersedia)">nol</a>) adalah beberapa alofon koda lainnya yang umum dari Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Portugis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Portugis (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Portugis</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indeks_dari_artikel_fonetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indeks dari artikel fonetik (halaman belum tersedia)">Indeks dari artikel fonetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sisi">Konsonan sisi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velarisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velarisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Velarisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokalisasi-L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokalisasi-L (halaman belum tersedia)">Vokalisasi-<i>L</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81" title="Ł">Ł</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Adjaye, Sophia (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j5xiAAAAMAAJ"><i>Ghanaian English Pronunciation</i></a>. Edwin Mellen Press. hlm. 198. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7734-6208-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7734-6208-3">978-0-7734-6208-3</a>. <q>realization of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> is similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">RP</a>: a 'clear' or non-velarized <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l]</span> pre-vocalically and intervocalically; and a 'dark' or velarized <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫ]</span> pre-consonantally and pre-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pausa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pausa (halaman belum tersedia)">pausally</a></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ghanaian+English+Pronunciation&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Edwin+Mellen+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7734-6208-3&rft.aulast=Adjaye&rft.aufirst=Sophia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj5xiAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Celce-Murcia, Marianne; et al. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dqgvZq4T4foC&pg=PA84"><i>Teaching Pronunciation</i></a>. Cambridge U. Press. hlm. 84. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-72975-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-72975-8">978-0-521-72975-8</a>. <q>the light <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> used in all environments in [standard] German (e.g., <span lang="de">Licht</span> “light,” <span lang="de">viel</span> “much, many”) or in French (e.g., <span lang="fr">lit</span> "bed", <span lang="fr">île</span> "island")</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teaching+Pronunciation&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Cambridge+U.+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-72975-8&rft.aulast=Celce-Murcia&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdqgvZq4T4foC%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kamus musik saku Schirmer</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQafisheh19772,_14-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQafisheh19772,_14_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQafisheh1977">Qafisheh (1977)</a>, hlm. 2, 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiptárTörkenczy200075–76-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiptárTörkenczy200075–76_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSiptárTörkenczy2000">Siptár & Törkenczy (2000)</a>, hlm. 75–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogersd'Arcangeli2004">Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004)</a>, hlm. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199289-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199289_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199289_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199289_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199289_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199289_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCanepari1992">Canepari (1992)</a>, hlm. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005133-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005133_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005133_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBertinettoLoporcaro2005">Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005)</a>, hlm. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELunt19521-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELunt19521_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLunt1952">Lunt (1952)</a>, hlm. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino2013">Sadowsky <i>et al</i>. (2013)</a>, hlm. 88–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200025-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200025_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200025_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200025_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200025_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKristoffersen2000">Kristoffersen (2000)</a>, hlm. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez-Celdrán2003255-259-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez-Celdrán2003255-259_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartínez-Celdrán2003">Martínez-Celdrán (2003)</a>, hlm. 255-259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngstrand2004167-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngstrand2004167_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngstrand2004">Engstrand (2004)</a>, hlm. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeane2004111-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeane2004111_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeane2004">Keane (2004)</a>, hlm. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESjoberg196313-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196313_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196313_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196313_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196313_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSjoberg1963">Sjoberg (1963)</a>, hlm. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959458–461-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959458–461_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1959">Thompson (1959)</a>, hlm. 458–461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThelwall199038-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThelwall199038_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThelwall1990">Thelwall (1990)</a>, hlm. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200920-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200920_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDum-Tragut2009">Dum-Tragut (2009)</a>, hlm. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheeler200510–11-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheeler200510–11_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheeler200510–11_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWheeler2005">Wheeler (2005)</a>, hlm. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESDCL-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ESDCL_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESDCL_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ub.edu/sonscatala/en/sound/voiced-alveolar-lateral-central">"Voiced Alveolar Lateral - Central"</a>. <i>Els Sons del Català</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Els+Sons+del+Catal%C3%A0&rft.atitle=Voiced+Alveolar+Lateral+-+Central&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ub.edu%2Fsonscatala%2Fen%2Fsound%2Fvoiced-alveolar-lateral-central&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><br /><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ub.edu/sonscatala/en/sound/voiced-alveolar-lateral-nord-occidental">"Voiced Alveolar Lateral - Nord Occidental"</a>. <i>Els Sons del Català</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Els+Sons+del+Catal%C3%A0&rft.atitle=Voiced+Alveolar+Lateral+-+Nord+Occidental&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ub.edu%2Fsonscatala%2Fen%2Fsound%2Fvoiced-alveolar-lateral-nord-occidental&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20051,_20-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20051,_20_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20051,_20_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20051,_20_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20051,_20_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRecasensEspinosa2005">Recasens & Espinosa (2005)</a>, hlm. 1, 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197,_222-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197,_222_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197,_222_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollinsMees2003">Collins & Mees (2003)</a>, hlm. 197, 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003197_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollinsMees2003">Collins & Mees (2003)</a>, hlm. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982515-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982515_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982515_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWells1982">Wells (1982)</a>, hlm. 515.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mark_jones-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mark_jones_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jones, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ling.cam.ac.uk/people/mark/sounds&words_week4_2010_handout.pdf">"Sounds & Words Week 4 Michaelmas 2010 Lecture Notes"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">7 Maret</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sounds+%26+Words+Week+4+Michaelmas+2010+Lecture+Notes&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ling.cam.ac.uk%2Fpeople%2Fmark%2Fsounds%26words_week4_2010_handout.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005132-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005132_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBertinettoLoporcaro2005">Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005)</a>, hlm. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199288–89-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199288–89_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCanepari1992">Canepari (1992)</a>, hlm. 88–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELabrune201292-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELabrune201292_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLabrune2012">Labrune (2012)</a>, hlm. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-treder-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-treder_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treder_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-treder_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jerzy Treder. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000614/http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26">"Fonetyka i fonologia"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-03-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fonetyka+i+fonologia&rft.au=Jerzy+Treder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.net%2Frastko-ka%2Findex2.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D227%26pop%3D1%26page%3D0%26Itemid%3D26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKara200311-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKara200311_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKara2003">Kara (2003)</a>, hlm. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasica1991107-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasica1991107_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMasica1991">Masica (1991)</a>, hlm. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocławski1976130-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocławski1976130_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocławski1976130_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRocławski1976">Rocławski (1976)</a>, hlm. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChițoran200110-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChițoran200110_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChițoran2001">Chițoran (2001)</a>, hlm. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://akerbeltz.org/images/0/08/Guide_detailed_with_examples.pdf">"Panduan membaca Gaelik Skotlandia"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Panduan+membaca+Gaelik+Skotlandia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fakerbeltz.org%2Fimages%2F0%2F08%2FGuide_detailed_with_examples.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanulíkováHamann2010374-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanulíkováHamann2010374_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHanulíkováHamann2010">Hanulíková & Hamann (2010)</a>, hlm. 374.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPretnarTokarz198021-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPretnarTokarz198021_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPretnarTokarz1980">Pretnar & Tokarz (1980)</a>, hlm. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003255-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003255_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003">Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003)</a>, hlm. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDanyenkoVakulenko1995">Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995)</a>, hlm. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIkekeonwu1999108-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIkekeonwu1999108_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIkekeonwu1999">Ikekeonwu (1999)</a>, hlm. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155_40-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZimmerOrgun1999">Zimmer & Orgun (1999)</a>, hlm. 154–155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake20058-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake20058_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake20058_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake20058_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake20058_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGökselKerslake2005">Göksel & Kerslake (2005)</a>, hlm. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008108-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008108_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMerrill2008">Merrill (2008)</a>, hlm. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011115-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011115_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011115_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÁrnason2011">Árnason (2011)</a>, hlm. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996192-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996192_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996192_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996">Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)</a>, hlm. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangold200549-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangold200549_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangold200549_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMangold2005">Mangold (2005)</a>, hlm. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200024–25-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200024–25_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200024–25_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKristoffersen2000">Kristoffersen (2000)</a>, hlm. 24–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profala.ufc.br/Trabalho1.pdf">Depalatalization and consequential iotization in the speech of Fortaleza</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111101023330/http://www.profala.ufc.br/Trabalho1.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-11-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Page 2. (dalam bahasa Portugis)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarbosaAlbano2004229-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarbosaAlbano2004229_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarbosaAlbano2004">Barbosa & Albano (2004)</a>, hlm. 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(dalam bahasa Italia) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venus.unive.it/canipa/pdf/02_3_Portog.pdf">Accenti romanze: Portogallo e Brasile (portoghese) – The influence of foreign accents on Italian language acquisition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330082716/http://venus.unive.it/canipa/pdf/02_3_Portog.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-03-30 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FinleyRodrigues2019-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FinleyRodrigues2019_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FinleyRodrigues2019_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Finley, Sara; Rodrigues, Susana; Martins, Fernando; Silva, Susana; Jesus, Luis M.T. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6411127">"/l/ velarisasi sebagai kontinum"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>14</b> (3): e0213392. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019PLoSO..1413392R">2019PLoSO..1413392R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0213392">10.1371/journal.pone.0213392</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6411127">6411127</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30856195">30856195</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=%2Fl%2F+velarisasi+sebagai+kontinum&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=e0213392&rft.date=2019&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6411127&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019PLoSO..1413392R&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30856195&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0213392&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Finley&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.au=Rodrigues%2C+Susana&rft.au=Martins%2C+Fernando&rft.au=Silva%2C+Susana&rft.au=Jesus%2C+Luis+M.T.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6411127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|doi-acces=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lerolero.com/">Runaround generator</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199592-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199592_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCruz-Ferreira1995">Cruz-Ferreira (1995)</a>, hlm. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Misalnya <a href="#CITEREFBeal2004">Beal (2004)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20054-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20054_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERecasensEspinosa20054_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRecasensEspinosa2005">Recasens & Espinosa (2005)</a>, hlm. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadluzhny198950–51-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadluzhny198950–51_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPadluzhny1989">Padluzhny (1989)</a>, hlm. 50–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">fonologi bahasa Bulgaria</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERafel199914-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERafel199914_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERafel199914_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERafel199914_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRafel1999">Rafel (1999)</a>, hlm. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScholten200022-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScholten200022_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScholten2000">Scholten (2000)</a>, hlm. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiassen199623-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiassen199623_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiassen199623_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMathiassen1996">Mathiassen (1996)</a>, hlm. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELunt195211–12-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELunt195211–12_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLunt1952">Lunt (1952)</a>, hlm. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEndresen1990">Endresen (1990)</a>, dikutip dalam <a href="#CITEREFKristoffersen2000">Kristoffersen (2000)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesWard1969168-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesWard1969168_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesWard1969">Jones & Ward (1969)</a>, hlm. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÓ_Dochartaigh1997-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÓ_Dochartaigh1997_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÓ_Dochartaigh1997">Ó Dochartaigh (1997)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson199317-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPop193830_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPop1938">Pop (1938)</a>, hlm. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGickCampbellOhTamburri-Watt2006?-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGickCampbellOhTamburri-Watt2006?_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGickCampbellOhTamburri-Watt2006">Gick <i>et al</i>. 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Halaman 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TEYSSIER, Paul. "História da Língua Portuguesa", Lisboa: Livraria Sá da Costa, hal. 81-83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBisol2005211-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBisol2005211_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBisol2005">Bisol (2005)</a>, hlm. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositorio.ufsc.br">/bitstream/handle/123456789/112204/104213.pdf?sequence=1 "Um caso de português tonal no Brasil?" – Centro de Comunicação dan Expressão – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</a> (dalam bahasa Portugis). Halaman 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositorio.ufsc.br/bitstream/handle/123456789/112204/104213.pdf?sequence=1">"Um caso de português tonal no Brasil?" – Centro de Comunicação dan Expressão – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</a> (dalam bahasa Portugis). Halaman 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MELO, Gladstone Chaves de. "A lingua do Brasil". 4. Ed. Melhorada e aum., Rio de Janeiro: Padrão, 1981</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pucrs.br/edipucrs/portuguesdosuldobrasil.pdf">Português do sul do Brasil – variação fonológica</a> Leda Bisol dan Gisela Collischonn. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. Halaman 153–156.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFÁrnason2011" class="citation">Árnason, Kristján (2011), <i>The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0199229314" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0199229314">978-0199229314</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Icelandic+and+Faroese&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0199229314&rft.aulast=%C3%81rnason&rft.aufirst=Kristj%C3%A1n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBarbosaAlbano2004" class="citation">Barbosa, Plínio A.; Albano, Eleonora C. (2004), "Brazilian Portuguese", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>34</b> (2): 227–232, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100304001756">10.1017/S0025100304001756</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Brazilian+Portuguese&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=227-232&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100304001756&rft.aulast=Barbosa&rft.aufirst=Pl%C3%ADnio+A.&rft.au=Albano%2C+Eleonora+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBeal2004" class="citation">Beal, Joan (2004), "English dialects in the North of England: phonology", dalam Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, <i>A handbook of varieties of English</i>, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, hlm. 113–133, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-11-017532-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-11-017532-0">3-11-017532-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=English+dialects+in+the+North+of+England%3A+phonology&rft.btitle=A+handbook+of+varieties+of+English&rft.pages=113-133&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=3-11-017532-0&rft.aulast=Beal&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Bertinetto, Marco; Loporcaro, Michele (2005). "The sound pattern of Standard Italian, as compared with the varieties spoken in Florence, Milan and Rome". <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>. <b>35</b> (2): 131–151. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100305002148">10.1017/S0025100305002148</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=The+sound+pattern+of+Standard+Italian%2C+as+compared+with+the+varieties+spoken+in+Florence%2C+Milan+and+Rome&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=131-151&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100305002148&rft.aulast=Bertinetto&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft.au=Loporcaro%2C+Michele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBisol2005" class="citation">Bisol, Leda (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TFzWAq-S7I0C">"Introdução a estudos de fonologia do português brasileiro"</a>, <i>Editora EDIPUCRS</i> (edisi ke-4th), Porto Alegre - Rio Grande do Sul, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/85-7430-529-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/85-7430-529-4">85-7430-529-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Editora+EDIPUCRS&rft.atitle=Introdu%C3%A7%C3%A3o+a+estudos+de+fonologia+do+portugu%C3%AAs+brasileiro&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=85-7430-529-4&rft.aulast=Bisol&rft.aufirst=Leda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTFzWAq-S7I0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCanepari1992" class="citation">Canepari, Luciano (1992), <i>Il MªPi – Manuale di pronuncia italiana</i> [<i>Handbook of Italian Pronunciation</i>] (dalam bahasa Italia), Bologna: Zanichelli, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/88-08-24624-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/88-08-24624-8">88-08-24624-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+M%C2%AAPi+%E2%80%93+Manuale+di+pronuncia+italiana&rft.place=Bologna&rft.pub=Zanichelli&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=88-08-24624-8&rft.aulast=Canepari&rft.aufirst=Luciano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFChițoran2001" class="citation">Chițoran, Ioana (2001), <i>The Phonology of Romanian: A Constraint-based Approach</i>, Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-11-016766-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-11-016766-2">3-11-016766-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Romanian%3A+A+Constraint-based+Approach&rft.place=Berlin+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=3-11-016766-2&rft.aulast=Chi%C8%9Boran&rft.aufirst=Ioana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCollinsMees2003" class="citation">Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) [First published 1981], <i>The Phonetics of English and Dutch</i> (edisi ke-5th), Leiden: Brill Publishers, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9004103406" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9004103406">9004103406</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonetics+of+English+and+Dutch&rft.place=Leiden&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9004103406&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Beverley&rft.au=Mees%2C+Inger+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCruz-Ferreira1995" class="citation">Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>25</b> (2): 90–94, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300005223">10.1017/S0025100300005223</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=European+Portuguese&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=90-94&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300005223&rft.aulast=Cruz-Ferreira&rft.aufirst=Madalena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDanyenkoVakulenko1995" class="citation">Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WUsbAQAAIAAJ"><i>Ukrainian</i></a>, Lincom Europa, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9783929075083" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9783929075083">9783929075083</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukrainian&rft.pub=Lincom+Europa&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9783929075083&rft.aulast=Danyenko&rft.aufirst=Andrii&rft.au=Vakulenko%2C+Serhii&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWUsbAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDonaldson1993" class="citation">Donaldson, Bruce C. (1993), "1. Pronunciation", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ftzioRvJzTUC"><i>A Grammar of Afrikaans</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mouton_de_Gruyter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mouton de Gruyter (halaman belum tersedia)">Mouton de Gruyter</a>, hlm. 1–35, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9783110134261" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9783110134261">9783110134261</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1.+Pronunciation&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Afrikaans&rft.pages=1-35&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9783110134261&rft.aulast=Donaldson&rft.aufirst=Bruce+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DftzioRvJzTUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDum-Tragut2009" class="citation">Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), <i>Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian</i>, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenian%3A+Modern+Eastern+Armenian&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Dum-Tragut&rft.aufirst=Jasmine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEndresen1990" class="citation">Endresen, Rolf Theil (1990), "Svar på anmeldelser av <i>Fonetikk. Ei elementær innføring.</i>", <i>Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap</i>, Oslo: Novus forlag: 169–192</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Norsk+Tidsskrift+for+Sprogvidenskap&rft.atitle=Svar+p%C3%A5+anmeldelser+av+Fonetikk.+Ei+element%C3%A6r+innf%C3%B8ring.&rft.pages=169-192&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Endresen&rft.aufirst=Rolf+Theil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEngstrand2004" class="citation">Engstrand, Olle (2004), <i>Fonetikens grunder</i> (dalam bahasa Swedia), Lund: Studenlitteratur, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/91-44-04238-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/91-44-04238-8">91-44-04238-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fonetikens+grunder&rft.place=Lund&rft.pub=Studenlitteratur&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=91-44-04238-8&rft.aulast=Engstrand&rft.aufirst=Olle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGickCampbellOhTamburri-Watt2006" class="citation">Gick, Bryan; Campbell, Fiona; Oh, Sunyoung; Tamburri-Watt, Linda (2006), "Toward universals in the gestural organization of syllables: A cross-linguistic study of liquids", <i>Journal of Phonetics</i>, Vancouver: Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia, <b>34</b> (1): 49–72, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.wocn.2005.03.005">10.1016/j.wocn.2005.03.005</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phonetics&rft.atitle=Toward+universals+in+the+gestural+organization+of+syllables%3A+A+cross-linguistic+study+of+liquids&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-72&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.wocn.2005.03.005&rft.aulast=Gick&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft.au=Campbell%2C+Fiona&rft.au=Oh%2C+Sunyoung&rft.au=Tamburri-Watt%2C+Linda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGökselKerslake2005" class="citation">Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005), <i>Turkish: a comprehensive grammar</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0415114943" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0415114943">978-0415114943</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkish%3A+a+comprehensive+grammar&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0415114943&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6ksel&rft.aufirst=Asli&rft.au=Kerslake%2C+Celia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHanulíkováHamann2010" class="citation">Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/silke/articles/Hanulikova&Hamann_2010.pdf">"Slovak"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>40</b> (3): 373–378, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100310000162">10.1017/S0025100310000162</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Slovak&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=373-378&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100310000162&rft.aulast=Hanul%C3%ADkov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Adriana&rft.au=Hamann%2C+Silke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fon.hum.uva.nl%2Fsilke%2Farticles%2FHanulikova%26Hamann_2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFIkekeonwu1999" class="citation">Ikekeonwu, Clara I. (1999), "Igbo", <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association</i>, Cambridge University Press, hlm. 108–110, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780521637510" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780521637510">9780521637510</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Igbo&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.pages=108-110&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780521637510&rft.aulast=Ikekeonwu&rft.aufirst=Clara+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFJonesWard1969" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jones, Daniel</a>; Ward, Dennis (1969), <i>The Phonetics of Russian</i>, Cambridge University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonetics+of+Russian&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Ward%2C+Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKara2003" class="citation">Kara, Dávid Somfai (2003), <i>Kyrgyz</i>, Lincom Europa, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3895868434" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3895868434">3895868434</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kyrgyz&rft.pub=Lincom+Europa&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=3895868434&rft.aulast=Kara&rft.aufirst=D%C3%A1vid+Somfai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKeane2004" class="citation">Keane, Elinor (2004), "Tamil", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>34</b> (1): 111–116, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100304001549">10.1017/S0025100304001549</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Tamil&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=111-116&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100304001549&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=Elinor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKristoffersen2000" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjert_Kristoffersen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjert Kristoffersen (halaman belum tersedia)">Kristoffersen, Gjert</a> (2000), <i>The Phonology of Norwegian</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-823765-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-823765-5">978-0-19-823765-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Norwegian&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-823765-5&rft.aulast=Kristoffersen&rft.aufirst=Gjert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLabrune2012" class="citation">Labrune, Laurence (2012), <i>The Phonology of Japanese</i>, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-954583-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-954583-4">978-0-19-954583-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Japanese&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954583-4&rft.aulast=Labrune&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Ladefoged&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Ladefoged (halaman belum tersedia)">Ladefoged, Peter</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Maddieson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Maddieson (halaman belum tersedia)">Maddieson, Ian</a> (1996). <i>The Sounds of the World's Languages</i>. Oxford: Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0631198148" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-631-19814-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Ladefoged&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Maddieson%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLadefoged2005" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Ladefoged&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Ladefoged (halaman belum tersedia)">Ladefoged, Peter</a> (2005), <i>Vowels and Consonants</i> (edisi ke-Second), Blackwell</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vowels+and+Consonants&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Ladefoged&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLass1987" class="citation">Lass, Roger (1987), "Intradiphthongal Dependencies", dalam Anderson, John; Durand, Jacques, <i>Explorations in Dependency Phonology</i>, Dordrecht: Foris Publications Holland, hlm. 109–131, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9067652970" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9067652970">9067652970</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Intradiphthongal+Dependencies&rft.btitle=Explorations+in+Dependency+Phonology&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pages=109-131&rft.pub=Foris+Publications+Holland&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9067652970&rft.aulast=Lass&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLunt1952" class="citation">Lunt, Horace G. (1952), <i>Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language</i>, Skopje</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grammar+of+the+Macedonian+Literary+Language&rft.place=Skopje&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Lunt&rft.aufirst=Horace+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMangold2005" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Mangold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Mangold (halaman belum tersedia)">Mangold, Max</a> (2005) [First published 1962], <i>Das Aussprachewörterbuch</i> (edisi ke-6th), Mannheim: Dudenverlag, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-411-04066-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-411-04066-7">978-3-411-04066-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Aussprachew%C3%B6rterbuch&rft.place=Mannheim&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Dudenverlag&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3-411-04066-7&rft.aulast=Mangold&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003" class="citation">Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>33</b> (2): 255–259, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100303001373">10.1017/S0025100303001373</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Castilian+Spanish&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=255-259&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100303001373&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Eugenio&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez-Planas%2C+Ana+Ma.&rft.au=Carrera-Sabat%C3%A9%2C+Josefina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMathiassen1996" class="citation">Mathiassen, Terje (1996), <i>A Short Grammar of Lithuanian</i>, Slavica Publishers, Inc., <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-89357-267-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-89357-267-5">0-89357-267-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+Grammar+of+Lithuanian&rft.pub=Slavica+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-89357-267-5&rft.aulast=Mathiassen&rft.aufirst=Terje&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMerrill2008" class="citation">Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balsas-nahuatl.org/mixtec/Christian_articles/Otomanguean/Merrill.pdf">"Tilquiapan Zapotec"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>38</b> (1): 107–114, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100308003344">10.1017/S0025100308003344</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Tilquiapan+Zapotec&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=107-114&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100308003344&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balsas-nahuatl.org%2Fmixtec%2FChristian_articles%2FOtomanguean%2FMerrill.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFÓ_Dochartaigh1997" class="citation">Ó Dochartaigh, C. (1997), <i>Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland I-V</i>, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-85500-165-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-85500-165-9">1-85500-165-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Survey+of+the+Gaelic+Dialects+of+Scotland+I-V&rft.pub=Dublin+Institute+for+Advanced+Studies&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-85500-165-9&rft.aulast=%C3%93+Dochartaigh&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOlsonMielkeSanicas-DagumanPebley2010" class="citation">Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/57/61/33/57613375662347024243010702792934392955/OlsonMielkeSanicas_DagumanPebleyPaterson2010.pdf">"The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>40</b> (2): 199–215, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100309990296">10.1017/S0025100309990296</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=The+phonetic+status+of+the+%28inter%29dental+approximant&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=199-215&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100309990296&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Mielke%2C+Jeff&rft.au=Sanicas-Daguman%2C+Josephine&rft.au=Pebley%2C+Carol+Jean&rft.au=Paterson%2C+Hugh+J.%2C+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Freapdata%2F57%2F61%2F33%2F57613375662347024243010702792934392955%2FOlsonMielkeSanicas_DagumanPebleyPaterson2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPadluzhny1989" class="citation">Padluzhny, Ped (1989), <i>Fanetyka belaruskai litaraturnai movy</i>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/5-343-00292-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/5-343-00292-7">5-343-00292-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fanetyka+belaruskai+litaraturnai+movy&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=5-343-00292-7&rft.aulast=Padluzhny&rft.aufirst=Ped&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPop1938" class="citation">Pop, Sever (1938), <i>Micul Atlas Linguistic Român</i>, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Micul+Atlas+Linguistic+Rom%C3%A2n&rft.pub=Muzeul+Limbii+Rom%C3%A2ne+Cluj&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Pop&rft.aufirst=Sever&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPretnarTokarz1980" class="citation">Pretnar, Tone; Tokarz, Emil (1980), <i>Slovenščina za Poljake: Kurs podstawowy języka słoweńskiego</i>, Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sloven%C5%A1%C4%8Dina+za+Poljake%3A+Kurs+podstawowy+j%C4%99zyka+s%C5%82owe%C5%84skiego&rft.place=Katowice&rft.pub=Uniwersytet+%C5%9Al%C4%85ski&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Pretnar&rft.aufirst=Tone&rft.au=Tokarz%2C+Emil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFQafisheh1977" class="citation">Qafisheh, Hamdi A. (1977), <i>A short reference grammar of Gulf Arabic</i>, Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8165-0570-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8165-0570-5">0-8165-0570-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+short+reference+grammar+of+Gulf+Arabic&rft.place=Tucson%2C+Arizona&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-8165-0570-5&rft.aulast=Qafisheh&rft.aufirst=Hamdi+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRecasensEspinosa2005" class="citation">Recasens, Daniel; Espinosa, Aina (2005), "Articulatory, positional and coarticulatory characteristics for clear /l/ and dark /l/: evidence from two Catalan dialects", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>35</b> (1): 1–25, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100305001878">10.1017/S0025100305001878</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Articulatory%2C+positional+and+coarticulatory+characteristics+for+clear+%2Fl%2F+and+dark+%2Fl%2F%3A+evidence+from+two+Catalan+dialects&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-25&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100305001878&rft.aulast=Recasens&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Espinosa%2C+Aina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRocaJohnson1999" class="citation">Roca, Iggy; Johnson, Wyn (1999), <i>A Course in Phonology</i>, Essex: Blackwell Publishing, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-631-21346-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-631-21346-5">0-631-21346-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Course+in+Phonology&rft.place=Essex&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-631-21346-5&rft.aulast=Roca&rft.aufirst=Iggy&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Wyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRocławski1976" class="citation">Rocławski, Bronisław (1976), <i>Zarys fonologii, fonetyki, fonotaktyki i fonostatystyki współczesnego języka polskiego</i>, Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zarys+fonologii%2C+fonetyki%2C+fonotaktyki+i+fonostatystyki+wsp%C3%B3%C5%82czesnego+j%C4%99zyka+polskiego&rft.place=Gda%C5%84sk&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Uczelniane+Uniwersytetu+Gda%C5%84skiego&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Roc%C5%82awski&rft.aufirst=Bronis%C5%82aw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRogersd'Arcangeli2004" class="citation">Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>34</b> (1): 117–121, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100304001628">10.1017/S0025100304001628</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Italian&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117-121&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100304001628&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.au=d%27Arcangeli%2C+Luciana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino2013" class="citation">Sadowsky, Scott; Painequeo, Héctor; Salamanca, Gastón; Avelino, Heriberto (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3234126">"Mapudungun"</a>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>43</b> (1): 87–96, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100312000369">10.1017/S0025100312000369</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Mapudungun&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=87-96&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100312000369&rft.aulast=Sadowsky&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.au=Painequeo%2C+H%C3%A9ctor&rft.au=Salamanca%2C+Gast%C3%B3n&rft.au=Avelino%2C+Heriberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F3234126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFScholten2000" class="citation">Scholten, Daniel (2000), <i>Einführung in die isländische Grammatik</i>, Munich: Philyra Verlag, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-935267-00-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-935267-00-2">3-935267-00-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/76178278">76178278</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Einf%C3%BChrung+in+die+isl%C3%A4ndische+Grammatik&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=Philyra+Verlag&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F76178278&rft.isbn=3-935267-00-2&rft.aulast=Scholten&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSiptárTörkenczy2000" class="citation">Siptár, Péter; Törkenczy, Miklós (2000), <i>The Phonology of Hungarian</i>, New York: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-823841-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-823841-6">978-0-19-823841-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Hungarian&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-823841-6&rft.aulast=Sipt%C3%A1r&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A9ter&rft.au=T%C3%B6rkenczy%2C+Mikl%C3%B3s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSjoberg1963" class="citation">Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963), <i>Uzbek Structural Grammar</i>, Uralic and Altaic Series, <b>18</b>, Bloomington: Indiana University</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uzbek+Structural+Grammar&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.series=Uralic+and+Altaic+Series&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Sjoberg&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9e+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThelwall1990" class="citation">Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Arabic", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>20</b> (2): 37–41, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300004266">10.1017/S0025100300004266</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Arabic&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=37-41&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300004266&rft.aulast=Thelwall&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThompson1959" class="citation">Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", <i>Language</i>, <b>35</b> (3): 454–476, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F411232">10.2307/411232</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/411232">411232</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language&rft.atitle=Saigon+phonemics&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=454-476&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F411232&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F411232&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWatson2002" class="citation">Watson, Janet (2002), <i>The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic</i>, Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+and+Morphology+of+Arabic&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWells1982" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John C. Wells (halaman belum tersedia)">Wells, John C.</a> (1982), <i>Accents of English</i>, 3: Beyond the British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accents+of+English&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWheeler2005" class="citation">Wheeler, Max W. (2005), <i>The Phonology Of Catalan</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-925814-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-925814-7">978-0-19-925814-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+Of+Catalan&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-925814-7&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Max+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFZimmerOrgun1999" class="citation">Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf">"Turkish"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 154–158, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-521-65236-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-521-65236-7">0-521-65236-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turkish&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=154-158&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-65236-7&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.au=Orgun%2C+Orhan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uta.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fcmfitz%2Fswnal%2Fprojects%2FCoLang%2Fcourses%2FTranscription%2Frosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Masica, Colin (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indoaryanlanguag0000masi"><i>The Indo-Aryan Languages</i></a>. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-29944-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-29944-2">978-0-521-29944-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indo-Aryan+Languages&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=Cambridge+Language+Surveys&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29944-2&rft.aulast=Masica&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findoaryanlanguag0000masi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKonsonan+hampiran-sisi+rongga-gigi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~krussll/phonetics/narrower/dark-l.html">Dark L</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=l">Daftar bahasa dengan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l]</span></a> di PHOIBLE</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=%C9%AB">Daftar bahasa dengan <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫ]</span></a> di PHOIBLE</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional_(Bagan)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style 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plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Templat:Alfabet Fonetik Internasional"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional_(Bagan)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Alfabet Fonetik Internasional">Alfabet Fonetik Internasional</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagan_Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagan Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Bagan</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topik-topik_IPA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topik-topik IPA</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IPA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asosiasi_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Asosiasi Fonetik Internasional">Asosiasi Fonetik Internasional</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekstensi_IPA" title="Ekstensi IPA">Simbol lanjutan untuk IPA (extIPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simbol-simbol_Kualitas_Suara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simbol-simbol Kualitas Suara (halaman belum tersedia)">Simbol-simbol Kualitas Suara (VoQS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurnal_Persatuan_Fonetik_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurnal Persatuan Fonetik Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)"><i>Journal of the IPA</i> (<i>JIPA</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topik khusus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bentuk_kursif_untuk_Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional" title="Bentuk kursif untuk Alfabet Fonetik Internasional">Bentuk kursif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Variasi_besar-kecil_huruf-huruf_IPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Variasi besar-kecil huruf-huruf IPA (halaman belum tersedia)">Variasi besar-kecil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simbol_lama_dan_simbol_yang_tidak_digunakan_lagi_dalam_Alphabet_Fonetik_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simbol lama dan simbol yang tidak digunakan lagi dalam Alphabet Fonetik Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Simbol lama dan simbol yang tidak digunakan lagi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tata_pemberian_nama_Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tata pemberian nama Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Tata penamaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanjutan_Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional_untuk_pengkajiaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanjutan Alfabet Fonetik Internasional untuk pengkajiaan (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekstensi simbol khusus untuk pengkajian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografi_Dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografi Dunia (halaman belum tersedia)">Ortografi Dunia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carta_IPA_untuk_dialek_bahasa_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carta IPA untuk dialek bahasa Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Carta IPA untuk dialek bahasa Inggris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pengekodan karakter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengekodan_ASCII_Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengekodan ASCII Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">pengekodan ASCII</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAMPA" class="mw-redirect" title="SAMPA">SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" class="mw-redirect" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirshenbaum" title="Kirshenbaum">Kirshenbaum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TIPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TIPA (halaman belum tersedia)">TIPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simbol-simbol_fonetik_dalam_Unicode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simbol-simbol fonetik dalam Unicode (halaman belum tersedia)">Simbol-simbol fonetik dalam Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_IPA" title="Braille IPA">Braille IPA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Konsonan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan" title="Konsonan">Konsonan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tekanan_paru-paru" title="Konsonan tekanan paru-paru">Konsonan tekanan paru-paru</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable IPA-pulmonic-main" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-pulmonic-placearrow"><a href="/wiki/Daerah_artikulasi" title="Daerah artikulasi">Daerah</a> → </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_bibir" title="Konsonan bibir">Bibir</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_lidah_tengah" title="Konsonan lidah tengah">Lidah tengah</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_akar_lidah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan akar lidah (halaman belum tersedia)">akar lidah</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="8"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_laring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan laring (halaman belum tersedia)">Laring</a> </th></tr> <tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th scope="col" class="IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow"><a href="/wiki/Cara_artikulasi" title="Cara artikulasi">Cara</a> ↓ </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_bilabial" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan bilabial">Dwibibir</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_labiodental" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan labiodental">Bibir <br />gigi</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_linguolabial" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan linguolabial">Lidah bibir</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_dental" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan dental">Gigi</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_alveolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan alveolar">Ronggagigi</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_pasca_rongga-gigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan pasca rongga-gigi">Pascaronggi</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tarik-belakang" title="Konsonan tarik-belakang">Tarik bel.</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_rongga-gigi" title="Konsonan rongga-gigi">Ronggilidah</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_palatal" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan palatal">Langitlangit</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_velar" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan velar">Langitbel.</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tekak" title="Konsonan tekak">Tekak</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_katup_napas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan katup napas (halaman belum tersedia)">Katup<br />nafas</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hulu_kerongkongan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan hulu kerongkongan (halaman belum tersedia)">hulu</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hulu_kerongkongan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan hulu kerongkongan (halaman belum tersedia)">ker.</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_celah_suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan celah suara">Celah suara</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau" title="Konsonan sengau">Sengau </a> </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_dwibibir_nirsuara" title="Konsonan sengau dwibibir nirsuara">m̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_dwibibir" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sengau dwibibir">m</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_bibir-gigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sengau bibir-gigi">ɱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_bibir-lidah" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sengau bibir-lidah">n̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan sengau rongga-gigi nirsuara">n̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_rongga-gigi" title="Konsonan sengau rongga-gigi">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_tarik-belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan sengau tarik-belakang nirsuara">ɳ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_tarik-belakang" title="Konsonan sengau tarik-belakang">ɳ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sengau_langit-langit_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sengau langit-langit nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ɲ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_langit-langit" title="Konsonan sengau langit-langit">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sengau_langit-langit_belakang_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sengau langit-langit belakang nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ŋ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_langit-langit_belakang" title="Konsonan sengau langit-langit belakang">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_tekak" title="Konsonan sengau tekak">ɴ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup" title="Konsonan letup">Letup</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_dwibibir_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup dwibibir nirsuara">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_dwibibir_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup dwibibir bersuara">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_bibir-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup bibir-gigi nirsuara">p̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_bibir-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup bibir-gigi bersuara">b̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_bibir-lidah_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup bibir-lidah nirsuara">t̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_letup_bibir-lidah_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan letup bibir-lidah bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">d̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup rongga-gigi nirsuara">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup rongga-gigi bersuara">d</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_tarik-belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup tarik-belakang nirsuara">ʈ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_tarik-belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup tarik-belakang bersuara">ɖ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_langit-langit_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup langit-langit nirsuara">c</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_langit-langit_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup langit-langit bersuara">ɟ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_langit-langit_belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup langit-langit belakang nirsuara">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_langit-langit_belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup langit-langit belakang bersuara">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_tekak_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup tekak nirsuara">q</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_tekak_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup tekak bersuara">ɢ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_hulu-kerongkongan" title="Konsonan letup hulu-kerongkongan">ʡ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup_celah-suara" title="Konsonan letup celah-suara">ʔ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek" title="Konsonan gesek">Gesek</a> <a href="/wiki/Sibilan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibilan">sibilan</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek_rongga-gigi_nirsuara#Konsonan_desis_gesek_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan gesek rongga-gigi nirsuara">ts</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek_rongga-gigi_bersuara#Konsonan_desis_gesek_rongga-gigi_bersuara" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan gesek rongga-gigi bersuara">dz</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek_pasca_rongga-gigi_nirsuara#Konsonan_desis_gesek_pasca_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan gesek pasca rongga-gigi nirsuara">t̠ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek_pasca_rongga-gigi_bersuara#Konsonan_desis_gesek_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan gesek pasca rongga-gigi bersuara">d̠ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_desis_gesek_tarik-belakang_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan desis gesek tarik-belakang nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ʈʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_desis_gesek_tarik-belakang_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan desis gesek tarik-belakang bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ɖʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_desis_gesek_rongga-gigi_lidah_nirsuara" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan desis gesek rongga-gigi lidah nirsuara">tɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_desis_gesek_rongga-gigi_lidah_bersuara" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan desis gesek rongga-gigi lidah bersuara">dʑ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Gesek non-sibilan </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_dwibibir_nirsuara" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek dwibibir nirsuara">pɸ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_dwibibir_bersuara" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek dwibibir bersuara">bβ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_bibir-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek bibir-gigi nirsuara">p̪f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_bibir-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek bibir-gigi bersuara">b̪v</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_gigi_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek gigi nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">t̪θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_gigi_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek gigi bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">d̪ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek_rongga-gigi_nirsuara#Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan gesek rongga-gigi nirsuara">tɹ̝̊</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek_rongga-gigi_bersuara#Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_rongga-gigi_bersuara" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan gesek rongga-gigi bersuara">dɹ̝</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek_pasca_rongga-gigi_nirsuara#Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_pasca_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan gesek pasca rongga-gigi nirsuara">t̠ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek_pasca_rongga-gigi_bersuara#Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_pasca_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan gesek pasca rongga-gigi bersuara">d̠ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_langit-langit_nirsuara" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek langit-langit nirsuara">cç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_langit-langit_bersuara" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek langit-langit bersuara">ɟʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_langit-langit_belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek langit-langit belakang nirsuara">kx</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_langit-langit_belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek langit-langit belakang bersuara">ɡɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_tekak_nirsuara" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek tekak nirsuara">qχ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_tekak_bersuara" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek tekak bersuara">ɢʁ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_hulu-kerongkongan_bersuara" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek hulu-kerongkongan bersuara">ʡʢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tak_desis_gesek_celah-suara" title="Konsonan tak desis gesek celah-suara">ʔh</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Frikatif" class="mw-redirect" title="Frikatif">Frikatif</a> sibilan </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser rongga-gigi nirsuara">s</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser rongga-gigi bersuara">z</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_pasca_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser pasca rongga-gigi nirsuara">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_pasca_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser pasca rongga-gigi bersuara">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_tarik-belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser tarik-belakang nirsuara">ʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_tarik-belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser tarik-belakang bersuara">ʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_rongga-gigi_lidah_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser rongga-gigi lidah nirsuara">ɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_rongga-gigi_lidah_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser rongga-gigi lidah bersuara">ʑ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Frikatif non-sibilan </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_dwibibir_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser dwibibir nirsuara">ɸ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_dwibibir_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser dwibibir bersuara">β</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_bibir-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser bibir-gigi nirsuara">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_bibir-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser bibir-gigi bersuara">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_geser_bibir-lidah_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan geser bibir-lidah nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">θ̼</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_geser_bibir-lidah_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan geser bibir-lidah bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ð̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser gigi nirsuara">θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser gigi bersuara">ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_geser_tak_desis_rongga-gigi_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan geser tak desis rongga-gigi nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">θ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_geser_tak_desis_rongga-gigi_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan geser tak desis rongga-gigi bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ð̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_geser_tak_desis_pasca_rongga-gigi_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan geser tak desis pasca rongga-gigi nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_geser_tak_desis_pasca_rongga-gigi_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan geser tak desis pasca rongga-gigi nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_geser_tak_desis_tarik-belakang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan geser tak desis tarik-belakang (halaman belum tersedia)">ɻ˔</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_langit-langit_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser langit-langit nirsuara">ç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_langit-langit_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser langit-langit bersuara">ʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_langit-langit_belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser langit-langit belakang nirsuara">x</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_langit-langit_belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser langit-langit belakang bersuara">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_tekak_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser tekak nirsuara">χ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_tekak_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser tekak bersuara">ʁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getar_hulu-kerongkongan_nirsuara" title="Konsonan getar hulu-kerongkongan nirsuara">ʜ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getar_hulu-kerongkongan_bersuara" title="Konsonan getar hulu-kerongkongan bersuara">ʢ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_hulu-kerongkongan_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser hulu-kerongkongan nirsuara">ħ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_hulu-kerongkongan_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser hulu-kerongkongan bersuara">ʕ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_celah-suara_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser celah-suara nirsuara">h</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser_celah-suara_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser celah-suara bersuara">ɦ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Aproksiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Aproksiman">Hampiran</a> </th> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran_bibir-gigi" title="Konsonan hampiran bibir-gigi">ʋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran_rongga-gigi" title="Konsonan hampiran rongga-gigi">ɹ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran_tarik-belakang" title="Konsonan hampiran tarik-belakang">ɻ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran_langit-langit" title="Konsonan hampiran langit-langit">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran_langit-langit_belakang" title="Konsonan hampiran langit-langit belakang">ɰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran_celah-suara" title="Konsonan hampiran celah-suara">ʔ̞</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepak" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan kepak">Kepakan</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepak_dwibibir" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan kepak dwibibir">ⱱ̟</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepakan_bibir-gigi" title="Konsonan kepakan bibir-gigi">ⱱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_kepakan_bibir-lidah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan kepakan bibir-lidah (halaman belum tersedia)">ɾ̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_kepakan_rongga-gigi_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan kepakan rongga-gigi nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ɾ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepakan_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan kepakan rongga-gigi bersuara">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_kepakan_tarik-belakang_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan kepakan tarik-belakang nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ɽ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepakan_tarik-belakang" title="Konsonan kepakan tarik-belakang">ɽ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepakan_tekak" title="Konsonan kepakan tekak">ɢ̆</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepakan_hulu-kerongkongan" title="Konsonan kepakan hulu-kerongkongan">ʡ̆</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getar" title="Konsonan getar">Getar</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getar_dwibibir_nirsuara" title="Konsonan getar dwibibir nirsuara">ʙ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getar_dwibibir" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan getar dwibibir">ʙ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getar_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan getar rongga-gigi nirsuara">r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getar_rongga-gigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan getar rongga-gigi">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getar_tarik-belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan getar tarik-belakang nirsuara">ɽ̊r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getar_tarik-belakang" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan getar tarik-belakang">ɽr</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_getar_tekak_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan getar tekak nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ʀ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_getar_tekak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan getar tekak (halaman belum tersedia)">ʀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getar_hulu-kerongkongan_nirsuara" title="Konsonan getar hulu-kerongkongan nirsuara">ʜ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getar_hulu-kerongkongan_bersuara" title="Konsonan getar hulu-kerongkongan bersuara">ʢ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Konsonan gesek <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sisi">sisi</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_gesek-sisi_rongga-gigi_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan gesek-sisi rongga-gigi nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">tɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_gesek-sisi_rongga-gigi_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan gesek-sisi rongga-gigi bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">dɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek-sisi_tarik-belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan gesek-sisi tarik-belakang nirsuara">ʈɭ̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek-sisi_tarik-belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan gesek-sisi tarik-belakang bersuara">ɖɭ˔</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek-sisi_langit-langit_nirsuara" title="Konsonan gesek-sisi langit-langit nirsuara">cʎ̝̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_gesek-sisi_langit-langit_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan gesek-sisi langit-langit bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ɟʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek-sisi_langit-langit_belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan gesek-sisi langit-langit belakang nirsuara">kʟ̝̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek-sisi_langit-langit_belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan gesek-sisi langit-langit belakang bersuara">ɡʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Frikatif sisi </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser-sisi_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser-sisi rongga-gigi nirsuara">ɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser-sisi_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser-sisi rongga-gigi bersuara">ɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser-sisi_tarik-belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser-sisi tarik-belakang nirsuara">ɭ̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser-sisi_tarik-belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser-sisi tarik-belakang bersuara">ɭ˔</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_geser-sisi_langit-langit_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan geser-sisi langit-langit nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ʎ̝̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser-sisi_langit-langit_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser-sisi langit-langit bersuara">ʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser-sisi_langit-langit_belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser-sisi langit-langit belakang nirsuara">ʟ̝̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geser-sisi_langit-langit_belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser-sisi langit-langit belakang bersuara">ʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Hampiran sisi </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_tarik-belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan hampiran-sisi tarik-belakang bersuara">ɭ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_langit-langit_bersuara" title="Konsonan hampiran-sisi langit-langit bersuara">ʎ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_langit-langit_belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan hampiran-sisi langit-langit belakang bersuara">ʟ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_tekak" title="Konsonan hampiran-sisi tekak">ʟ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Kepakan sisi </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_kepakan_sisi_rongga-gigi_dan_gigi_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan kepakan sisi rongga-gigi dan gigi nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ɺ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepakan_sisi_rongga-gigi_dan_gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan kepakan sisi rongga-gigi dan gigi bersuara">ɺ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepakan_sisi_tarik-belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan kepakan sisi tarik-belakang nirsuara">ɭ̥̆</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_kepakan_sisi_tarik-belakang_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan kepakan sisi tarik-belakang bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ɭ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepakan_sisi_langit-langit" title="Konsonan kepakan sisi langit-langit">ʎ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_kepakan_sisi_langit-langit_belakang" title="Konsonan kepakan sisi langit-langit belakang">ʟ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA">Bantuan IPA</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Grafik_konsonan_pulmonik_dengan_suara" title="Grafik konsonan pulmonik dengan suara"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Grafik_konsonan_pulmonik_dengan_suara" title="Grafik konsonan pulmonik dengan suara">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafik_Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafik Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">grafik lengkap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Konsonan_tekanan_paru-paru" title="Templat:Konsonan tekanan paru-paru">templat</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Dalam satu sel tabel, simbol-simbol di sebelah kanan adalah <a href="/wiki/Suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Suara">bersuara</a>, di sebelah kiri adalah <a href="/wiki/Nirsuara" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirsuara">tidak bersuara</a> atau nirsuara. <span style="display: inline-block;">Petak-petak yang digelapkan menandakan penyebutan yang dianggap mustahil.</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="nowrap"><div style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 2em;"><b>Konsonan non paru-paru</b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable" style=""> <tbody><tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_dwibibir" title="Konsonan dwibibir"><abbr title="Dwibibir">DB</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_bibir-gigi" title="Konsonan bibir-gigi"><abbr title="Bibir-gifi">BG</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gigi" title="Konsonan gigi"><abbr title="Gigi">G</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_rongga-gigi" title="Konsonan rongga-gigi"><abbr title="Rongga-gifi">RG</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_paska_rongga-gigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan paska rongga-gigi"><abbr title="Paska rongga-gigi">PR</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tarik-belakang" title="Konsonan tarik-belakang"><abbr title="Tarik-belakang">TB</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_langit-langit" title="Konsonan langit-langit"><abbr title="Langit-langit">LL</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_langit-langit_belakang" title="Konsonan langit-langit belakang"><abbr title="langit-langit belakang">LB</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_tekak" title="Konsonan tekak"><abbr title="Tekak">T</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_faringeal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan faringeal (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Faringeal">F</abbr></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="5"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur (halaman belum tersedia)">Sembur</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Letup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Letup (halaman belum tersedia)">Hentian</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sembur_dwibibir_henti" title="Konsonan sembur dwibibir henti">pʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur_rongga-gigi_henti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur rongga-gigi henti (halaman belum tersedia)">tʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sembur_tarik-belakang_henti" title="Konsonan sembur tarik-belakang henti">ʈʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sembur_langit-langit_henti" title="Konsonan sembur langit-langit henti">cʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur_langit-langit_belakang_henti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur langit-langit belakang henti (halaman belum tersedia)">kʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur_tekak_henti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur tekak henti (halaman belum tersedia)">qʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur_hulu-kerongkongan_henti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur hulu-kerongkongan henti (halaman belum tersedia)">ʡʼ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gesek" title="Konsonan gesek">Gesek</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sembur_gigi_gesek" title="Konsonan sembur gigi gesek">t̪θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur_rongga-gigi_gesek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur rongga-gigi gesek (halaman belum tersedia)">tsʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur_pasca_rongga-gigi_gesek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur pasca rongga-gigi gesek (halaman belum tersedia)">t̠ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sembur_tarik-belakang_gesek" title="Konsonan sembur tarik-belakang gesek">ʈʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sembur_langit-langit_belakang_gesek" title="Konsonan sembur langit-langit belakang gesek">kxʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur_tekak_gesek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur tekak gesek (halaman belum tersedia)">qχʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_frikatif" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan frikatif">Geser</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sembur_dwibibir_geser" title="Konsonan sembur dwibibir geser">ɸʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sembur_bibir-gigi_geser" title="Konsonan sembur bibir-gigi geser">fʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur_gigi_geser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur gigi geser (halaman belum tersedia)">θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sembur_rongga-gigi_geser" title="Konsonan sembur rongga-gigi geser">sʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur_pasca_rongga-gigi_geser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur pasca rongga-gigi geser (halaman belum tersedia)">ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur_tarik-belakang_geser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur tarik-belakang geser (halaman belum tersedia)">ʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sembur_rongga-gigi%E2%80%94langit-langit_geser" title="Konsonan sembur rongga-gigi—langit-langit geser">ɕʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur_langit-langit_belakang_geser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur langit-langit belakang geser (halaman belum tersedia)">xʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur_tekak_geser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur tekak geser (halaman belum tersedia)">χʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Gesek <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sisi">sisian</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sembur-sisi_rongga-gigi_gesek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sembur-sisi rongga-gigi gesek (halaman belum tersedia)">tɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sembur-sisi_langit-langit_gesek" title="Konsonan sembur-sisi langit-langit gesek">cʎ̝̊ʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sembur-sisi_langit-langit_belakang_gesek" title="Konsonan sembur-sisi langit-langit belakang gesek">kʟ̝̊ʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Geser sisian </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sembur-sisi_rongga-gigi_geser" title="Konsonan sembur-sisi rongga-gigi geser">ɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_decak" title="Konsonan decak">Decak</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_halus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan halus (halaman belum tersedia)">Halus</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_decak_dwibibir_halus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan decak dwibibir halus (halaman belum tersedia)">ʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_decak_gigi_halus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan decak gigi halus (halaman belum tersedia)">ǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_decak_rongga-gigi_halus" title="Konsonan decak rongga-gigi halus">ǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="error">Error using {{<a href="/wiki/Templat:IPA_symbol" title="Templat:IPA symbol">IPA symbol</a>}}: "𝼊" not found in list</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_decak_langit-langit_halus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan decak langit-langit halus (halaman belum tersedia)">ǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Suara_(fonetik)" title="Suara (fonetik)">Bersuara</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_decak_dwibibir_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan decak dwibibir bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ʘ̬</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_decak_gigi_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan decak gigi bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ǀ̬</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_decak_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan decak rongga-gigi bersuara">ǃ̬</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voice_(phonetics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voice (phonetics) (halaman belum tersedia)">𝼊̬</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_decak_langit-langit_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan decak langit-langit bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ǂ̬</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decak_sengau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decak sengau (halaman belum tersedia)">Sengau</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_decak_dwibibir_sengau" title="Konsonan decak dwibibir sengau">ʘ̃</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_decak_gigi_sengau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan decak gigi sengau (halaman belum tersedia)">ǀ̃</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_decak_rongga-gigi_sengau" title="Konsonan decak rongga-gigi sengau">ǃ̃</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Nasalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasalization">𝼊̃</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_decak_langit-langit_sengau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan decak langit-langit sengau (halaman belum tersedia)">ǂ̃</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_decak_langit-langit_pelepasan_belakang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan decak langit-langit pelepasan belakang (halaman belum tersedia)">ʞ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Halus <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sisi">sisian</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_decak-sisi_rongga-gigi_halus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan decak-sisi rongga-gigi halus (halaman belum tersedia)">ǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Bersuara sisian </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_decak-sisi_rongga-gigi_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan decak-sisi rongga-gigi bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ǁ̬</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sengau sisian </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_decak-sisi_rongga-gigi_sengau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan decak-sisi rongga-gigi sengau (halaman belum tersedia)">ǁ̃</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup-balik" title="Konsonan letup-balik">Letup-<br />balik</a> </th> <th scope="row">Bersuara </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup-balik_dwibibir_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup-balik dwibibir bersuara">ɓ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup-balik_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup-balik rongga-gigi bersuara">ɗ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_letup-balik_tarik-belakang_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan letup-balik tarik-belakang bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ᶑ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_letup-balik_langit-langit_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan letup-balik langit-langit bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ʄ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup-balik_langit-langit_belakang_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup-balik langit-langit belakang bersuara">ɠ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup-balik_tekak_bersuara" title="Konsonan letup-balik tekak bersuara">ʛ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penirsuaraan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penirsuaraan (halaman belum tersedia)">Nirsuara</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup-balik_dwibibir_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup-balik dwibibir nirsuara">ɓ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_letup-balik_rongga-gigi_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan letup-balik rongga-gigi nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ɗ̥</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup-balik_tarik-belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup-balik tarik-belakang nirsuara">ᶑ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup-balik_langit-langit_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup-balik langit-langit nirsuara">ʄ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup-balik_langit-langit_belakang_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup-balik langit-langit belakang nirsuara">ɠ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup-balik_tekak_nirsuara" title="Konsonan letup-balik tekak nirsuara">ʛ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA">Bantuan IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafik_Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafik Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">grafik lengkap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Konsonan_non_paru-paru" title="Templat:Konsonan non paru-paru">templat</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="display: inline-block;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_ko-artikulasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan ko-artikulasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Konsonan ko-artikulasi</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="nowrap IPA-coarticulated-main IPA-coarticulated-nocaption" style=""> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau" title="Konsonan sengau">Sengau</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">n͡m</span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_rongga-gigi_terbibirkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan rongga-gigi terbibirkan">Rongga-gigi terbibirkan</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_sengau_rongga-gigi_terbibirkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan sengau rongga-gigi terbibirkan (halaman belum tersedia)">ŋ͡m</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_langit-langit_terbibirkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan langit-langit terbibirkan (halaman belum tersedia)">Langit-langit belakang<br />terbibirkan</a></div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letup" title="Konsonan letup">Letup</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t͡p</span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">d͡b</span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Rongga-gigi terbibirkan</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_letup_langit-langit_belakang_terbibirkan_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan letup langit-langit belakang terbibirkan nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">k͡p</a></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_letup_langit-langit_belakang_terbibirkan_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan letup langit-langit belakang terbibirkan bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ɡ͡b</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Langit-langit belakang<br />terbibirkan</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_letup_tekak_hulu-kerongkongan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan letup tekak hulu-kerongkongan (halaman belum tersedia)">q͡ʡ</a></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_tekak_hulu-kerongkongan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan tekak hulu-kerongkongan (halaman belum tersedia)">Tekak hulu-kerongkongan</a></div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Aproksiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Aproksiman">Hampiran</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran_langit-langit_terbibirkan_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan hampiran langit-langit terbibirkan nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ɥ̊</a></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran_dwibibir_langit-langit_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan hampiran dwibibir langit-langit bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ɥ</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_langit-langit_terbibirkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan langit-langit terbibirkan (halaman belum tersedia)">Langit-langit terbibirkan</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran_langit-langit_belakang_terbibirkan_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan hampiran langit-langit belakang terbibirkan nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">ʍ</a></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran_langit-langit_belakang_terbibirkan_bersuara" title="Konsonan hampiran langit-langit belakang terbibirkan bersuara">w</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembibiran_konsonan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembibiran konsonan (halaman belum tersedia)">Langit-langit belakang<br />terbibirkan</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɧ</span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Bunyi_sj" title="Bunyi sj">Gabungan antara ʃ dan x</a></div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect">Hampiran <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sisi">sisi</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran_sisi_rongga-gigi_peletakan_langit-langit_belakang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan hampiran sisi rongga-gigi peletakan langit-langit belakang (halaman belum tersedia)">ɫ</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Rongga-gigi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peletakan_langit-langit_belakang_konsonan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peletakan langit-langit belakang konsonan (halaman belum tersedia)">peletakan<br />langit-langit belakang</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA">Bantuan IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafik_Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafik Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">grafik lengkap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templat:Konsonan_ko-artikulasi" title="Templat:Konsonan ko-artikulasi">templat</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Simbol-simbol di sebelah kanan adalah <a href="/wiki/Suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Suara">bersuara</a>, di sebelah kiri adalah <a href="/wiki/Nirsuara" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirsuara">tidak bersuara</a> atau nirsuara. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lain-lain" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran_bibir_%E2%80%93_langit-langit_belakang_sengau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan hampiran bibir – langit-langit belakang sengau (halaman belum tersedia)">Konsonan hampiran bibir – langit-langit belakang sengau</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran_langit-langit_sengau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan hampiran langit-langit sengau (halaman belum tersedia)">Konsonan hampiran langit-langit sengau</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_geser_dwigigi_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan geser dwigigi nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">Konsonan geser dwigigi nirsuara</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̪͆]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_letup_gigi_nirsuara_dengan_penggetaran_dwibibir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan letup gigi nirsuara dengan penggetaran dwibibir (halaman belum tersedia)">Konsonan letup gigi nirsuara dengan penggetaran dwibibir</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ʙ̥]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran_celah-suara_sengau_nirsuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan hampiran celah-suara sengau nirsuara (halaman belum tersedia)">Konsonan hampiran celah-suara sengau nirsuara </a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̃]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vokal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal">Vokal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="nowrap IPA-vowels-main IPA-vowels-nocaption IPA-vowels-noaudio" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_depan" title="Vokal depan">Depan</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_madya" title="Vokal madya">Madya</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_belakang" title="Vokal belakang">Belakang</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_tertutup" title="Vokal tertutup"> Tertutup</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(-26px, 8px); -webkit-transform: translate(-26px, 8px); transform: translate(-26px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_tertutup_depan" title="Vokal takbulat tertutup depan">i</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(-26px, 8px); -webkit-transform: translate(-26px, 8px); transform: translate(-26px, 8px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(-26px, 8px); -webkit-transform: translate(-26px, 8px); transform: translate(-26px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_tertutup_depan" title="Vokal bulat tertutup depan">y</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(-6px, 8px); -webkit-transform: translate(-6px, 8px); transform: translate(-6px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_takbulat_tertutup_madya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal takbulat tertutup madya (halaman belum tersedia)">ɨ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(-6px, 8px); -webkit-transform: translate(-6px, 8px); transform: translate(-6px, 8px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(-6px, 8px); -webkit-transform: translate(-6px, 8px); transform: translate(-6px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_bulat_tertutup_madya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal bulat tertutup madya (halaman belum tersedia)">ʉ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, 8px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, 8px); transform: translate(13px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_tertutup_belakang" title="Vokal takbulat tertutup belakang">ɯ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, 8px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, 8px); transform: translate(13px, 8px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, 8px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, 8px); transform: translate(13px, 8px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_tertutup_belakang" title="Vokal bulat tertutup belakang">u</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_hampir_tertutup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal hampir tertutup (halaman belum tersedia)">Hmpr. tutup</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(30px, 6px); -webkit-transform: translate(30px, 6px); transform: translate(30px, 6px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_takbulat_hampir_tertutup_hampir_depan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal takbulat hampir tertutup hampir depan (halaman belum tersedia)">ɪ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(30px, 6px); -webkit-transform: translate(30px, 6px); transform: translate(30px, 6px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(30px, 6px); -webkit-transform: translate(30px, 6px); transform: translate(30px, 6px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_bulat_hampir_tertutup_hampir_depan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal bulat hampir tertutup hampir depan (halaman belum tersedia)">ʏ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(2px, 6px); -webkit-transform: translate(2px, 6px); transform: translate(2px, 6px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_Near-close_central_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal Near-close central unrounded vowel (halaman belum tersedia)">ɪ̈</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(2px, 6px); -webkit-transform: translate(2px, 6px); transform: translate(2px, 6px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(2px, 6px); -webkit-transform: translate(2px, 6px); transform: translate(2px, 6px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_Near-close_central_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal Near-close central rounded vowel (halaman belum tersedia)">ʊ̈</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(-22px, 6px); -webkit-transform: translate(-22px, 6px); transform: translate(-22px, 6px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relative_articulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relative articulation (halaman belum tersedia)">ɯ̽</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(-22px, 6px); -webkit-transform: translate(-22px, 6px); transform: translate(-22px, 6px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(-22px, 6px); -webkit-transform: translate(-22px, 6px); transform: translate(-22px, 6px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_hampir_tertutup_hampir_belakang" title="Vokal bulat hampir tertutup hampir belakang">ʊ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_setengah_tertutup" title="Vokal setengah tertutup">1/2 tutup</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(14px, 4px); -webkit-transform: translate(14px, 4px); transform: translate(14px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_setengah_tertutup_depan" title="Vokal takbulat setengah tertutup depan">e</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(14px, 4px); -webkit-transform: translate(14px, 4px); transform: translate(14px, 4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(14px, 4px); -webkit-transform: translate(14px, 4px); transform: translate(14px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_setengah_tertutup_depan" title="Vokal bulat setengah tertutup depan">ø</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(12px, 4px); -webkit-transform: translate(12px, 4px); transform: translate(12px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_setengah_tertutup_madya" title="Vokal takbulat setengah tertutup madya">ɘ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(12px, 4px); -webkit-transform: translate(12px, 4px); transform: translate(12px, 4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(12px, 4px); -webkit-transform: translate(12px, 4px); transform: translate(12px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_setengah_tertutup_madya" title="Vokal bulat setengah tertutup madya">ɵ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, 4px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, 4px); transform: translate(13px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_setengah_tertutup_belakang" title="Vokal takbulat setengah tertutup belakang">ɤ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, 4px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, 4px); transform: translate(13px, 4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, 4px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, 4px); transform: translate(13px, 4px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_setengah_tertutup_belakang" title="Vokal bulat setengah tertutup belakang">o</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_tengah" title="Vokal tengah">Tengah</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(37px, 2px); -webkit-transform: translate(37px, 2px); transform: translate(37px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_takbulat_tengah_depan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal takbulat tengah depan (halaman belum tersedia)">e̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(37px, 2px); -webkit-transform: translate(37px, 2px); transform: translate(37px, 2px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(37px, 2px); -webkit-transform: translate(37px, 2px); transform: translate(37px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_bulat_tengah_depan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal bulat tengah depan (halaman belum tersedia)">ø̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(25px, 2px); -webkit-transform: translate(25px, 2px); transform: translate(25px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_tengah_madya" title="Vokal tengah madya">ə</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(25px, 2px); -webkit-transform: translate(25px, 2px); transform: translate(25px, 2px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(25px, 2px); -webkit-transform: translate(25px, 2px); transform: translate(25px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_Mid_central_rounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Vokal Mid central rounded vowel">ɵ̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, 2px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, 2px); transform: translate(13px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_Mid_back_unrounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal Mid back unrounded vowel (halaman belum tersedia)">ɤ̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, 2px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, 2px); transform: translate(13px, 2px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, 2px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, 2px); transform: translate(13px, 2px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_Mid_back_rounded_vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal Mid back rounded vowel (halaman belum tersedia)">o̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_setengah_terbuka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal setengah terbuka (halaman belum tersedia)">1/2 buka</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(59px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate(59px, 0px); transform: translate(59px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_setengah_terbuka_depan" title="Vokal takbulat setengah terbuka depan">ɛ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(59px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate(59px, 0px); transform: translate(59px, 0px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(59px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate(59px, 0px); transform: translate(59px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_setengah_terbuka_depan" title="Vokal bulat setengah terbuka depan">œ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(34px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate(34px, 0px); transform: translate(34px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_takbulat_setengah_terbuka_madya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal takbulat setengah terbuka madya (halaman belum tersedia)">ɜ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(34px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate(34px, 0px); transform: translate(34px, 0px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(34px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate(34px, 0px); transform: translate(34px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_setengah_terbuka_madya" title="Vokal bulat setengah terbuka madya">ɞ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, 0px); transform: translate(13px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_setengah_terbuka_belakang" title="Vokal takbulat setengah terbuka belakang">ʌ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, 0px); transform: translate(13px, 0px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, 0px); transform: translate(13px, 0px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_setengah_terbuka_belakang" title="Vokal bulat setengah terbuka belakang">ɔ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_hampir_terbuka" title="Vokal hampir terbuka">Hmpr. Buka</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(80px, -2px); -webkit-transform: translate(80px, -2px); transform: translate(80px, -2px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_hampir_terbuka_depan" title="Vokal takbulat hampir terbuka depan">æ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(80px, -2px); -webkit-transform: translate(80px, -2px); transform: translate(80px, -2px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(80px, -2px); -webkit-transform: translate(80px, -2px); transform: translate(80px, -2px);"></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(46px, -2px); -webkit-transform: translate(46px, -2px); transform: translate(46px, -2px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_hampir_terbuka_madya" title="Vokal takbulat hampir terbuka madya">ɐ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(46px, -2px); -webkit-transform: translate(46px, -2px); transform: translate(46px, -2px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(46px, -2px); -webkit-transform: translate(46px, -2px); transform: translate(46px, -2px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_hampir_terbuka_madya" title="Vokal bulat hampir terbuka madya">ɞ̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_terbuka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal terbuka (halaman belum tersedia)"> Terbuka</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(102px, -4px); -webkit-transform: translate(102px, -4px); transform: translate(102px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_terbuka_depan" title="Vokal takbulat terbuka depan">a</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(102px, -4px); -webkit-transform: translate(102px, -4px); transform: translate(102px, -4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(102px, -4px); -webkit-transform: translate(102px, -4px); transform: translate(102px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_terbuka_depan" title="Vokal bulat terbuka depan">ɶ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(57px, -4px); -webkit-transform: translate(57px, -4px); transform: translate(57px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_terbuka_madya" title="Vokal takbulat terbuka madya">ä</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(57px, -4px); -webkit-transform: translate(57px, -4px); transform: translate(57px, -4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(57px, -4px); -webkit-transform: translate(57px, -4px); transform: translate(57px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_terbuka_madya" title="Vokal bulat terbuka madya">ɒ̈</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container"><div class="IPA-vowels-container-left" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, -4px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, -4px); transform: translate(13px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_terbuka_belakang" title="Vokal takbulat terbuka belakang">ɑ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, -4px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, -4px); transform: translate(13px, -4px);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-right" style="-ms-transform: translate(13px, -4px); -webkit-transform: translate(13px, -4px); transform: translate(13px, -4px);"><span><span class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_bulat_terbuka_belakang" title="Vokal bulat terbuka belakang">ɒ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA">Bantuan IPA</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Grafik_vokal_IPA_dengan_audio" title="Grafik vokal IPA dengan audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Grafik_vokal_IPA_dengan_audio" title="Grafik vokal IPA dengan audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafik_Alfabet_Fonetik_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafik Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">grafik lengkap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templat:IPA_vowels" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:IPA vowels">templat</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas:_Perpustakaan_nasional_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815439#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Pengawasan_otoritas:_Perpustakaan_nasional_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815439#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas: Perpustakaan nasional</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815439#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2002002077">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&oldid=24678603">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi&oldid=24678603</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Konsonan_hampiran" title="Kategori:Konsonan hampiran">Konsonan hampiran</a></li><li><a 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