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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caractéristiques_générales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Caractéristiques générales</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Caractéristiques_générales-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Caractéristiques générales</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Caractéristiques_générales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phrase_mnémotechnique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phrase_mnémotechnique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Phrase mnémotechnique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phrase_mnémotechnique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-État_des_populations,_menaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#État_des_populations,_menaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>État des populations, menaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-État_des_populations,_menaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Les_espèces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Les_espèces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Les espèces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Les_espèces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Fagus</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 91 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D3%99_(%D0%B0%D2%B5%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B0)" title="Ашә (аҵиаа) – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ашә (аҵиаа)" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زان – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="زان (جنس من النباتات) – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زان (جنس من النباتات)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%B1st%C4%B1q" title="Fıstıq – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fıstıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%82" title="فیستیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیستیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Бук – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бук" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Бук – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бук" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Бук – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бук" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukva" title="Bukva – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bukva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Эбэрлиг модон – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эбэрлиг модон" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1)" title="نارەوان (دار) – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نارەوان (دار)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8g_(sl%C3%A6gt)" title="Bøg (slægt) – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bøg (slægt)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchen" title="Buchen – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buchen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – bas-sorabe" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bas-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%AC" title="Οξιά – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οξιά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beech" title="Beech – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Beech" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fago" title="Fago – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fago" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B6%C3%B6k" title="Pöök – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pöök" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pago" title="Pago – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pago" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4_(%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA)" title="راش (درخت) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راش (درخت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Py%C3%B6kit" title="Pyökit – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pyökit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3k_(tr%C3%A6)" title="Bók (træ) – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bók (træ)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6%C3%B6kebuumer" title="Böökebuumer – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Böökebuumer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fai%C3%A2r" title="Faiâr – frioulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Faiâr" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fe%C3%A1" title="Feá – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Feá" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faidhbhile" title="Faidhbhile – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Faidhbhile" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8_(%D7%A2%D7%A5)" title="אשור (עץ) – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אשור (עץ)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukva" title="Bukva – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bukva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCkk_(n%C3%B6v%C3%A9nynemzets%C3%A9g)" title="Bükk (növénynemzetség) – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bükk (növénynemzetség)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Հաճարենի – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հաճարենի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewuk" title="Bewuk – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bewuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Поп – ingouche" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Поп" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingouche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fago" title="Fago – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fago" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyki" title="Beyki – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Beyki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%8A%E5%B1%9E" title="ブナ属 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブナ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="წიფელი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წიფელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azzan" title="Azzan – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azzan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Шамшат – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шамшат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%88%EB%8F%84%EB%B0%A4%EB%82%98%EB%AC%B4%EC%86%8D" title="너도밤나무속 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="너도밤나무속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narewan" title="Narewan – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Narewan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bichen" title="Bichen – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bichen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukas" title="Bukas – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bukas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C5%BEsk%C4%81bar%C5%BEi" title="Dižskābarži – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dižskābarži" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бука – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ബീച്ച് മരം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബീച്ച് മരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="مرس – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مرس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6ken" title="Böken – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Böken" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8keslekta" title="Bøkeslekta – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bøkeslekta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8keslekten" title="Bøkeslekten – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bøkeslekten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C3%A6%D1%80%D1%81" title="Тæрс – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тæрс" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%86" title="بیچ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بیچ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haya" title="Haya – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Haya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Бук – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бук" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beech" title="Beech – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Beech" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukva" title="Bukva – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bukva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beech" title="Beech – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Beech" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk_(rod)" title="Buk (rod) – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Buk (rod)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukev" title="Bukev – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bukev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahu" title="Ahu – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ahu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Буква – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Буква" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boksl%C3%A4ktet" title="Boksläktet – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Boksläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Рош – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рош" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haya" title="Haya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Haya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay%C4%B1n" title="Kayın – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kayın" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Бук – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бук" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoraqayin" title="Qoraqayin – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qoraqayin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukpu" title="Bukpu – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bukpu" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_C%E1%BB%AD" title="Chi Cử – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Cử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beuke" title="Beuke – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Beuke" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faw" title="Faw – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Faw" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus" title="Fagus – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fagus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%9D%92%E5%86%88%E5%B1%9E" title="水青冈属 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="水青冈属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%9D%92%E5%86%88%E5%B1%9E" title="水青冈属 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="水青冈属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%A1%E5%B1%AC" title="水青岡屬 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="水青岡屬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25403#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p id="sous_titre_h1" class="noexcerpt">Hêtre</p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Fagus_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fagus (homonymie)">Fagus (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r204255952">.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3{font-size:0.99em}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 .entete,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 p.bloc{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3 th{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.bordered th[scope=row],.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.bordered td{padding-bottom:4px;border-top:1px solid #ededed}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.animal .entete{background-color:LightSalmon}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.animal caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.animal p.bloc{background-color:Bisque}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.plante .entete{background-color:lightgreen}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.plante caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.plante p.bloc{background-color:#ccffcc}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.champignon .entete{background-color:SkyBlue}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.champignon caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.champignon p.bloc{background-color:PowderBlue}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.test .entete{background-color:#50a0a0}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.test caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.test p.bloc{background-color:#70c0c0}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.algue .entete{background-color:MediumAquamarine}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.algue caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.algue p.bloc{background-color:#bfffe6}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.archaea .entete{background-color:darkgray}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.archaea caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.archaea p.bloc{background-color:lightgray}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.protiste .entete{background-color:khaki}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.protiste caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.protiste p.bloc{background-color:PaleGoldenrod}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.virus .entete{background-color:#d1d1f9}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.virus caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.virus p.bloc{background-color:Lavender}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.neutre .entete{background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.neutre caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.neutre p.bloc{background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.bacterie .entete,.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.eucaryote .entete,.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.procaryote .entete{background-color:lightgrey}.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.bacterie caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.bacterie p.bloc,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.eucaryote caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.eucaryote p.bloc,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.procaryote caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.procaryote p.bloc{background-color:#e6e6e6}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 .taxobox_classification{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 .taxobox_classification .rnormal,.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.zoologie .taxobox_classification .normal,.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 th[scope="row"]{font-style:normal}</style><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large taxobox_v3 plante bordered" style="width:20em"> <div class="entete" style=""> <div><i>Fagus</i></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Buchenwald_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Buchenwald_1.jpg/240px-Buchenwald_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Buchenwald_1.jpg/360px-Buchenwald_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Buchenwald_1.jpg/480px-Buchenwald_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus sylvatica">Fagus sylvatica</a></i>, le hêtre européen</div><table class="taxobox_classification"><caption style=""><a href="/wiki/Classification_scientifique_des_esp%C3%A8ces" title="Classification scientifique des espèces">Classification</a></caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologie)" title="Règne (biologie)">Règne</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Plante" title="Plante">Plantae</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sous-r%C3%A8gne" title="Sous-règne">Sous-règne</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Tracheobionta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracheobionta">Tracheobionta</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Division_(biologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division (biologie)">Division</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnoliophyta">Magnoliophyta</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Classe_(biologie)" title="Classe (biologie)">Classe</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliopsida" title="Magnoliopsida">Magnoliopsida</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sous-classe_(biologie)" title="Sous-classe (biologie)">Sous-classe</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Hamamelidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamamelidae">Hamamelidae</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Ordre_(biologie)" title="Ordre (biologie)">Ordre</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Famille_(biologie)" title="Famille (biologie)">Famille</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Genre_(biologie)" title="Genre (biologie)">Genre</a></p><div class="center taxobox_classification"><b><span style="font-style: normal"><i>Fagus</i></span></b><br /><span class="rnormal"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Carl von Linné">L.</a>, <a href="/wiki/1753" title="1753">1753</a></b></small></span></div> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Classification_phylog%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Classification phylogénétique">Classification phylogénétique</a></p> <table class="taxobox_classification"><caption class="hidden" style=""><a href="/wiki/Classification_phylog%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Classification phylogénétique">Classification phylogénétique</a></caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Ordre_(biologie)" title="Ordre (biologie)">Ordre</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Famille_(biologie)" title="Famille (biologie)">Famille</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div> <p>Les <b>hêtres</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (<i><b>Fagus</b></i>) forment un <a href="/wiki/Genre_(biologie)" title="Genre (biologie)">genre</a> d'arbres <a href="/wiki/Feuillu" title="Feuillu">feuillus</a>, de la <a href="/wiki/Famille_(biologie)" title="Famille (biologie)">famille</a> des <i><a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a></i>. On compte une dizaine d'espèces de hêtres en <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Asie" title="Asie">Asie</a> et en <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rique" title="Amérique">Amérique</a>. <br />Son fruit est la <a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%AEne" title="Faîne">faîne</a>. Un peuplement de hêtres est une <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtraie" title="Hêtraie">hêtraie</a>. </p><p>L'espèce la plus répandue en Europe est <i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus sylvatica">Fagus sylvatica</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Étymologie"><span id=".C3.89tymologie"></span>Étymologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Étymologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le latin <i>fāgus</i> a donné les termes <i>fol</i>, <i>fou</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtre_tortillard" title="Hêtre tortillard">fau</a></i>, <i>foutel</i> pour désigner cet arbre en <a href="/wiki/Ancien_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Ancien français">ancien français</a> et dans les dialectes et les langues d'oïl. D'où <i>fouailler</i> « fouetter » et <i>fouet</i>, à l'origine « petit hêtre ». Le mot latin est issu de l'indo-européen <i>*bhāgós</i> qui a aussi donné la racine germanique <i>*bōk-</i> (anglais <i>beech</i>, allemand <i>Buche</i>) et le gaulois <i>*bāgos</i>, attesté dans la <a href="/wiki/Toponymie" title="Toponymie">toponymie</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (cf. <a href="/wiki/Bahais_(Manche)" title="Bahais (Manche)">Bahais</a>, Manche) et signifiant tous « <a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus sylvatica">hêtre</a> ». </p><p>On trouve, selon les régions, de nombreux termes dialectaux issus du latin <i>fagus</i> : <i>faye</i>, <i>foyard</i>, <i>fau</i>, <i>faou</i>, <i>faon</i>, <i>fayard</i> (mot <a href="/wiki/Francoproven%C3%A7al" title="Francoprovençal">francoprovençal</a>), <i>favinier</i>, <i>foutel</i>, <i>fouteau</i>, etc. </p><p>On discerne ces noms dans la toponymie des communes ou des lieux-dits terminés par le suffixe gallo-roman <small>*-ETU</small> (<i>-etum</i>) « suffixe collectif servant à désigner un ensemble d'arbres appartenant à la même espèce » > <i>-ay, -ey, -y</i> (ex : <span class="page_h"><a href="/wiki/Fay" class="mw-disambig" title="Fay">Fay</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Fahy" title="Fahy">Fahy</a>, <span class="page_h"><a href="/wiki/Fey" class="mw-disambig" title="Fey">Fey</a></span>, <span class="page_h"><a href="/wiki/Fy" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Fy">Fy</a></span> « hêtraie »), devenu féminin <small>*-ETA</small> > <i>-aye</i> (ex: <a href="/wiki/La_Futelaye" class="mw-redirect" title="La Futelaye">la Futelaye</a> ou <a href="/wiki/La_Fontelaye" title="La Fontelaye">la Foutelaye</a> « la hêtraie ») > <i>-aie</i> (ex: hêtr<i>aie</i>). Dans le domaine <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>, on rencontre des noms du type <a href="/wiki/La_Fage" class="mw-redirect" title="La Fage">la Fage</a>, <span class="page_h"><a href="/wiki/Lafayette" class="mw-disambig" title="Lafayette">Lafayette</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Haget" title="Haget">Haget</a>, <span class="page_h"><a href="/wiki/Lahage" class="mw-disambig" title="Lahage">Lahage</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a>), issus du même <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tymon" class="mw-redirect" title="Étymon">étymon</a> latin. </p><p>Une plantation où le hêtre domine est donc une <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtraie" title="Hêtraie">hêtraie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caractéristiques_générales"><span id="Caract.C3.A9ristiques_g.C3.A9n.C3.A9rales"></span>Caractéristiques générales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Caractéristiques générales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Caractéristiques générales"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Fagus_sylvatica_Purpurea_JPG4a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fagus_sylvatica_Purpurea_JPG4a.jpg/220px-Fagus_sylvatica_Purpurea_JPG4a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fagus_sylvatica_Purpurea_JPG4a.jpg/330px-Fagus_sylvatica_Purpurea_JPG4a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fagus_sylvatica_Purpurea_JPG4a.jpg/440px-Fagus_sylvatica_Purpurea_JPG4a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Vieux hêtre pourpre du Parc de Mariemont à <a href="/wiki/Morlanwelz" title="Morlanwelz">Morlanwelz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belgique" title="Belgique">Belgique</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Les hêtres sont des arbres à feuilles <a href="/wiki/Glossaire_de_botanique#C" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossaire de botanique">caduques</a>, toujours simples, ovales, alternes. Celles-ci montrent un <a href="/wiki/Limbe_foliaire" title="Limbe foliaire">limbe</a> entier, (cilié à l'état jeune), denté, courtement <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9tiole" title="Pétiole">pétiolé</a>. La feuille du hêtre se distingue de celle de l'<a href="/wiki/Orme" title="Orme">orme</a> par sa symétrie. Sa <a href="/wiki/Nervure_(feuille)#Les_différents_types_de_nervations" title="Nervure (feuille)">nervation craspedodrome</a> est pennée avec des nervures secondaires alternes<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>C'est une essence d'ombre en climat sec et de lumière en climat humide, elle vit le plus souvent en forêt plutôt fraîche et mature. Lorsqu'en zone tempérée et suffisamment fraîche, un jeune hêtre manque de lumière, il est capable de fortement freiner sa croissance, à la différence d'essences plus "pionnières" (<a href="/wiki/Bouleau" title="Bouleau">bouleau</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89rable_sycomore" title="Érable sycomore">érable sycomore</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%AAne" title="Frêne">frêne</a> par exemple). Il survit longtemps à l'ombre de la canopée et dans les fourrés très denses ou ombragés en attendant une trouée qui lui apportera la lumière. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bosco_Chiesanuova_(Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo)_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0081sp2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bosco_Chiesanuova_%28Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo%29_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0081sp2.jpg/220px-Bosco_Chiesanuova_%28Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo%29_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0081sp2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bosco_Chiesanuova_%28Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo%29_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0081sp2.jpg/330px-Bosco_Chiesanuova_%28Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo%29_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0081sp2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bosco_Chiesanuova_%28Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo%29_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0081sp2.jpg/440px-Bosco_Chiesanuova_%28Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo%29_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0081sp2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Hêtre dans le parc <a href="/wiki/Bosco_Chiesanuova" title="Bosco Chiesanuova">Bosco Chiesanuova</a>, au <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parc_naturel_r%C3%A9gional_de_la_Lessinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parc naturel régional de la Lessinia (page inexistante)">Parc naturel régional de la Lessinia</a>, Italie, 2013.</figcaption></figure> <p>À l'ombre, il pousse légèrement moins vite que l'érable ou le frêne, mais compense par une architecture et un port de feuilles qui lui permettent de mieux exploiter la lumière sur toute la hauteur de l’arbre (avec une concentration de feuilles plus importante au milieu de la couronne et avec une croissance plutôt radiale) ; sa stratégie de captation et de recherche de la lumière est dite <i>horizontale</i>. Il bénéficie en outre d'une surface foliaire plus développée que les autres essences feuillues tempérées<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Les Hêtres sont des espèces monoïques (un même arbre porte les deux sexes sur des fleurs différentes). Les bourgeons floraux plus larges que les bourgeons végétatifs dont ils sont issus par <a href="/wiki/Induction_florale" title="Induction florale">induction florale</a>, évoluent en fleurs diclines. Les fleurs mâles sont disposées en <a href="/wiki/Chaton_(botanique)" title="Chaton (botanique)">chatons</a> globuleux ; les fleurs femelles sont réunies dans une enveloppe florale, un involucre. Fleurs mâles et femelles sont dépourvues de pétales. La <a href="/wiki/Pollinisation" title="Pollinisation">pollinisation</a> est <a href="/wiki/An%C3%A9mophile" class="mw-redirect" title="Anémophile">anémophile</a> et la fécondation <a href="/wiki/Allogame" class="mw-redirect" title="Allogame">allogame</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Formule_florale" title="Formule florale">Formule florale</a> : <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Male_symbol_(black).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/15px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/23px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg/30px-Male_symbol_%28black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ast P_{(4-6)}\;E_{8-12}\;C_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∗</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ast P_{(4-6)}\;E_{8-12}\;C_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6377b4da4a1c3272efb314e44307ddbea33116dd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:16.787ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ast P_{(4-6)}\;E_{8-12}\;C_{0}}"></span></span> и <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Venus_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Venus_symbol.svg/15px-Venus_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Venus_symbol.svg/23px-Venus_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Venus_symbol.svg/30px-Venus_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ast P_{6}\;E_{0}\;C_{({\underline {3}})}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∗</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munder> <mn>3</mn> <mo>_</mo> </munder> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ast P_{6}\;E_{0}\;C_{({\underline {3}})}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/73818ccdb68f507667d22a5ee1bcd753b56d1310" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.846ex; margin-bottom: -0.659ex; width:11.764ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ast P_{6}\;E_{0}\;C_{({\underline {3}})}}"></span></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Phyllonorycter_maestingella_damage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Phyllonorycter_maestingella_damage.jpg/220px-Phyllonorycter_maestingella_damage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Phyllonorycter_maestingella_damage.jpg/330px-Phyllonorycter_maestingella_damage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Phyllonorycter_maestingella_damage.jpg/440px-Phyllonorycter_maestingella_damage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Feuille de hêtre commun.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phrase_mnémotechnique"><span id="Phrase_mn.C3.A9motechnique"></span>Phrase mnémotechnique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Phrase mnémotechnique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Phrase mnémotechnique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La phrase <a href="/wiki/Mn%C3%A9motechnique" title="Mnémotechnique">mnémotechnique</a> suivante permet de se rappeler que les <a href="/wiki/Charme" title="Charme">charmes</a> ont des feuilles dentées, alors que les hêtres ont des feuilles poilues : « <i>Le charme d'Adam c'est d'être à poil</i> »<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="État_des_populations,_menaces"><span id=".C3.89tat_des_populations.2C_menaces"></span>État des populations, menaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : État des populations, menaces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : État des populations, menaces"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bosco_Chiesanuova_(Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo)_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0072sp17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bosco_Chiesanuova_%28Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo%29_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0072sp17.jpg/220px-Bosco_Chiesanuova_%28Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo%29_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0072sp17.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bosco_Chiesanuova_%28Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo%29_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0072sp17.jpg/330px-Bosco_Chiesanuova_%28Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo%29_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0072sp17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bosco_Chiesanuova_%28Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo%29_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0072sp17.jpg/440px-Bosco_Chiesanuova_%28Grietz_Dossetti_Tinazzo%29_Lessinia_VR_Italy_2013-04-01_photo_CTG_ACA_LESSINIA_Paolo_Villa_0072sp17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Forêt de hêtres et pâturages neigeux en Bosco Chiesanuova, au Parc naturel régional de la Lessinia, Italie, 2013.</figcaption></figure> <p>Selon les modèles météorologiques, le dérèglement climatique pourrait mettre en péril une grande partie des populations actuelles de hêtres, y compris en France, où selon l'INRA, ils pourraient avoir presque disparu d'ici 2100. </p><p>On a montré que selon leur <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nome" title="Génome">génome</a> (notamment lié à leur origine géographique et <a href="/wiki/%C3%89daphique" class="mw-redirect" title="Édaphique">édaphique</a>), les hêtres sont plus ou moins résistants aux sécheresses. Par exemple ceux qui sont issus de graines provenant de porte-graines situés au sud-est de la Pologne se montrent, en conditions expérimentales, mieux adaptés au stress hydrique que ceux venant du centre de l’Allemagne<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Les_espèces"><span id="Les_esp.C3.A8ces"></span>Les espèces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Les espèces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Les espèces"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtre_du_Japon" title="Hêtre du Japon">Fagus crenata</a></i> Bl. (synonyme <i>Fagus sieboldii</i> Endl.) - <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtre_du_Japon" title="Hêtre du Japon">Hêtre du Japon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_engleriana" title="Fagus engleriana">Fagus engleriana</a></i> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%AAtre_de_Chine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hêtre de Chine (page inexistante)">Hêtre de Chine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_grandifolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus grandifolia">Fagus grandifolia</a></i> Ehrh. - <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtre_%C3%A0_grandes_feuilles" title="Hêtre à grandes feuilles">Hêtre à grandes feuilles</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_grandifolia_grandifolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fagus grandifolia grandifolia (page inexistante)">Fagus grandifolia subsp. grandifolia</a></i> - <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtre_d%27Am%C3%A9rique" class="mw-redirect" title="Hêtre d'Amérique">Hêtre d'Amérique</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_grandifolia_mexicana" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus grandifolia mexicana">Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana</a></i> - <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtre_du_Mexique" class="mw-redirect" title="Hêtre du Mexique">Hêtre du Mexique</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_hayatae" title="Fagus hayatae">Fagus hayatae</a></i> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%AAtre_de_Ta%C3%AFwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hêtre de Taïwan (page inexistante)">Hêtre de Taïwan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_japonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus japonica">Fagus japonica</a></i> - <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtre_bleu_du_Japon" title="Hêtre bleu du Japon">Hêtre bleu du Japon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_longipetiolata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fagus longipetiolata (page inexistante)">Fagus longipetiolata</a></i> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%AAtre_de_Chine_m%C3%A9ridionale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hêtre de Chine méridionale (page inexistante)">Hêtre de Chine méridionale</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_lucida" title="Fagus lucida">Fagus lucida</a></i> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%AAtre_brillant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hêtre brillant (page inexistante)">Hêtre brillant</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_orientalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus orientalis">Fagus orientalis</a></i> - <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtre_d%27Orient" title="Hêtre d'Orient">Hêtre d'Orient</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_sinensis" title="Fagus sinensis">Fagus sinensis</a></i> - Soi cahn</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus sylvatica">Fagus sylvatica</a></i> L. - <a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus sylvatica">Hêtre commun</a> ou hêtre vert <ul><li><i>Fagus sylvatica « Atropurpurea »</i> ou <i>Fagus sylvatica f. purpurea</i> - hêtre pourpre</li> <li><i>Fagus sylvatica</i> f. <i>tortuosae - <b><a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtre_tortillard" title="Hêtre tortillard">hêtre tortillard</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica_f._pendula" title="Fagus sylvatica f. pendula"><i>Fagus sylvatica</i> f. <i>pendula</i></a> - <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtre_pleureur" class="mw-redirect" title="Hêtre pleureur">Hêtre pleureur</a></li> <li>nombreuses autres variétés à l'article <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtre_commun" title="Hêtre commun">hêtre commun</a></li></ul></li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:P3052208_Oelerbeek_in_maart.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/P3052208_Oelerbeek_in_maart.JPG/350px-P3052208_Oelerbeek_in_maart.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/P3052208_Oelerbeek_in_maart.JPG/525px-P3052208_Oelerbeek_in_maart.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/P3052208_Oelerbeek_in_maart.JPG/700px-P3052208_Oelerbeek_in_maart.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Hêtres aux troncs courbés, poussant sur les berges d'une rivière.</figcaption></figure><p><b>Arbre phylogénétique <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227316302_Phylogeny_of_Fagus_L_Fagaceae_based_on_morphological_data">T. Denk</a> </b> </p><table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <i>Englerianae</i>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_engleriana" title="Fagus engleriana">Fagus engleriana</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_japonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus japonica">Fagus japonica</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_okamotoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fagus okamotoi (page inexistante)">Fagus okamotoi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"> <i>Fagus</i>  </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_grandifolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus grandifolia">Fagus grandifolia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_crenata" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus crenata">Fagus crenata</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus sylvatica">Fagus sylvatica</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_orientalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagus orientalis">Fagus orientalis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_longipetiolata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fagus longipetiolata (page inexistante)">Fagus longipetiolata</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_hayatae" title="Fagus hayatae">Fagus hayatae</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Fagus_lucida" title="Fagus lucida">Fagus lucida</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus_chienii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fagus chienii (page inexistante)">Fagus chienii</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtraie" title="Hêtraie">Hêtraie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAtre_tortillard" title="Hêtre tortillard">Hêtre tortillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-mort" class="mw-redirect" title="Bois-mort">Bois-mort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Poem_Tree" title="The Poem Tree">The Poem Tree</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fagus?uselang=fr">Fagus</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wikispecies"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fagus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Fagus">Fagus</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikispecies</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="EFloras"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">Flora of North America</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=112623"><i> Fagus</i> </a></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="EFloras"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China" title="Flora of China">Flora of China</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=112623"><i> Fagus</i> </a></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="EFloras"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=11">Flora of Missouri</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=11&taxon_id=112623"><i> Fagus</i> </a></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Tela-métro"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Tela_Botanica" title="Tela Botanica">Tela Botanica</a></i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tela-botanica.org/page:eflore">France métro</a>) : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tela-botanica.org/bdtfx-nn-101367"><i>Fagus</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="ITIS"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : français et anglais">(fr + en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27information_taxonomique_int%C3%A9gr%C3%A9" title="Système d'information taxonomique intégré">ITIS</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=19461"><i>Fagus</i> L.</a></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="NCBI"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=21024"><i>Fagus</i></a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lin=s&p=has_linkout&id=21024">taxons inclus</a>)</span></li> <li><small><b>(en)</b></small> Référence <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://powo.science.kew.org/">POWO</a> : <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/358585-1">Fagus chienii</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Couplan2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="François_Couplan2000">François <span class="nom_auteur">Couplan</span>, <cite class="italique">Dictionnaire étymologique de botanique : Comprendre facilement les noms scientifiques</cite>, Lausanne, <a href="/wiki/Delachaux_et_Niestl%C3%A9" title="Delachaux et Niestlé">Delachaux et Niestlé</a>, <time>2000</time>, 238 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-603-01182-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-603-01182-0"><span class="nowrap">2-603-01182-0</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 85<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+%C3%A9tymologique+de+botanique&rft.place=Lausanne&rft.pub=Delachaux+et+Niestl%C3%A9&rft.stitle=Comprendre+facilement+les+noms+scientifiques&rft.aulast=Couplan&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.date=2000&rft.pages=85&rft.tpages=238&rft.isbn=2-603-01182-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AFagus"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Xavier Delamarre, <i>Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise</i>, errance 2003. <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lis-upmc.snv.jussieu.fr/xper2/basesHtml/feuilles/web/matrix.html">Feuilles des arbres</a>, Laboratoire Informatique & Systématique de l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Pierre-et-Marie-Curie" title="Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie">Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2009">Any Mary Petriţan, Burghard von Lüpke et Ion Catalin Petriţan, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Influence of light availability on growth, leaf morphology and plant architecture of beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.), maple (<i>Acer pseudoplatanus</i> L.) and ash (<i>Fraxinus excelsior</i> L.) saplings</cite> », <i>European Journal of Forest Research</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 128, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">61-74</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-008-0239-1">10.1007/s10342-008-0239-1</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10342-008-0239-1">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Influence+of+light+availability+on+growth%2C+leaf+morphology+and+plant+architecture+of+beech++%28%27%27Fagus+sylvatica%27%27+L.%29%2C+maple+%28%27%27Acer+pseudoplatanus%27%27+L.%29+and+ash+%28%27%27Fraxinus+excelsior%27%27+L.%29+saplings&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Forest+Research&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2009&rft.volume=128&rft.pages=61-74&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10342-008-0239-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10342-008-0239-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AFagus"></span></span> (consulté 2009 03 09, cité par <i>Forêt mail</i> de mars 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2015">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lagazettedesplantes.com/2015/11/18/le-charme-dadam-cest-detre-a-poil/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Le charme d’Adam, c’est d’être à poil…</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">La Gazette des Plantes</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-11-18" data-sort-value="2015-11-18">18 novembre 2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-01-03" data-sort-value="2024-01-03">3 janvier 2024</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2009">L. Rose, C. Leuschner, B. Köckemann et H. Buschmann, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Are marginal beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) provenances a source for drought tolerant ecotypes ?</cite> », <i>European Journal of Forest Research</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 128, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 4,‎ <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">335-343</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-009-0268-4">10.1007/s10342-009-0268-4</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10342-009-0268-4">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Are+marginal+beech+%28%27%27Fagus+sylvatica%27%27+L.%29+provenances+a+source+for+drought+tolerant+ecotypes+%3F&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Forest+Research&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2009&rft.volume=128&rft.pages=335-343&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10342-009-0268-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10342-009-0268-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AFagus"></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fagus&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A.Quartier & P.Bauer-Bovet, Guide arbres et arbustes d'Europe, <a href="/wiki/Delachaux_et_Niestl%C3%A9" title="Delachaux et Niestlé">Delachaux et Niestlé</a>, coll. « Les guides du naturaliste », <a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>, (Schwitzerland), 1973, relié, 13 × 20 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre">cm</abbr>, 259 p.</li> <li>J.C. Rameau, D. Mansion, G. Dumé, <a href="/wiki/Flore" title="Flore">Flore</a> forestière française, Guide <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cologique" class="mw-redirect" title="Écologique">écologique</a> illustré, t. 2 "Montagnes", IDF, 1993, relié, 14 × 21 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre">cm</abbr>, 2421 p., <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-904740-41-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-904740-41-4"><span class="nowrap">2-904740-41-4</span></a>)</small></li> <li>Alan Mitchell, Tous les arbres de nos Forêts, Multiguide nature illustré, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Bordas" title="Éditions Bordas">Bordas</a>, 1981, relié, 19 × 12,5 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre">cm</abbr>, 414 p., <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-04-012508-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-04-012508-6"><span class="nowrap">2-04-012508-6</span></a>)</small></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Botanique" title="Portail de la botanique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Fluent_Emoji_flat_1f33b.svg/24px-Fluent_Emoji_flat_1f33b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Fluent_Emoji_flat_1f33b.svg/36px-Fluent_Emoji_flat_1f33b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Fluent_Emoji_flat_1f33b.svg/48px-Fluent_Emoji_flat_1f33b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Botanique" title="Portail:Botanique">Portail de la botanique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Plantes_utiles" title="Portail des plantes utiles"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/MOREmoji_lime.svg/24px-MOREmoji_lime.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/MOREmoji_lime.svg/36px-MOREmoji_lime.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/MOREmoji_lime.svg/48px-MOREmoji_lime.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Plantes_utiles" title="Portail:Plantes utiles">Portail des plantes utiles</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fagus&oldid=218643858">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fagus&oldid=218643858</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Fagaceae" title="Catégorie:Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Genre_de_Fagales_(nom_scientifique)" title="Catégorie:Genre de Fagales (nom scientifique)">Genre de Fagales (nom scientifique)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Taxobox_utilisant_une_classification_non_pr%C3%A9cis%C3%A9e" title="Catégorie:Taxobox utilisant une classification non précisée">Taxobox utilisant une classification non précisée</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_avec_taxobox-v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tal" title="Catégorie:Article avec taxobox-végétal">Article avec taxobox-végétal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Taxobox_utilisant_une_classification_phylog%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique_non_pr%C3%A9cis%C3%A9e" title="Catégorie:Taxobox utilisant une classification phylogénétique non précisée">Taxobox utilisant une classification phylogénétique non précisée</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Cat%C3%A9gorie_Commons_avec_lien_local_identique_sur_Wikidata" title="Catégorie:Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata">Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Botanique/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Botanique/Articles liés">Portail:Botanique/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Biologie/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Biologie/Articles liés">Portail:Biologie/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Projet:Biologie/Pages_li%C3%A9es" title="Catégorie:Projet:Biologie/Pages liées">Projet:Biologie/Pages liées</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Plantes_utiles/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Plantes utiles/Articles liés">Portail:Plantes utiles/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Agriculture_et_agronomie/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Agriculture et agronomie/Articles liés">Portail:Agriculture et agronomie/Articles liés</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 15 septembre 2024 à 08:47.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a> : les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a> ; 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