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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Annie Horniman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Annie Elizabeth Fredericka Horniman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Annie_Horniman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Annie_Horniman.jpg/220px-Annie_Horniman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Annie_Horniman.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="384" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Annie Horniman</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1860-10-03</span>)</span>3 October 1860<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Surrey Mount, Forest Hill, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 August 1937<span style="display:none">(1937-08-06)</span> (aged 76)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Shere, Surrey, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data">Slade School of Fine Art</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Theatre patron, manager</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Establishing the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, Founding the first regional repertory theatre in Manchester</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Frederick John Horniman (father)</li><li>Rebekah née Emslie (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (1933)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Annie Elizabeth Fredericka Horniman</b><sup id="cite_ref-greenex.co.uk_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenex.co.uk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" title="Order of the Companions of Honour">CH</a> (3 October 1860 – 6 August 1937) was an English theatre matron and manager. She established the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Theatre" title="Abbey Theatre">Abbey Theatre</a> in Dublin and founded the first regional <a href="/wiki/Repertory" class="mw-redirect" title="Repertory">repertory</a> theatre company in Britain at the <a href="/wiki/Gaiety_Theatre,_Manchester" title="Gaiety Theatre, Manchester">Gaiety Theatre</a> in Manchester. She encouraged the work of new writers and playwrights, including <a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="William Butler Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a> and members of what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_School_(writers)" title="Manchester School (writers)">Manchester School</a> of dramatists.<sup id="cite_ref-greenex.co.uk_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenex.co.uk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annie_Horniman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Annie Horniman was born at Surrey Mount, <a href="/wiki/Forest_Hill,_London" title="Forest Hill, London">Forest Hill</a>, London, in 1860, the elder child of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_John_Horniman" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick John Horniman">Frederick John Horniman</a> and his first wife Rebekah née Emslie. Her father was a tea merchant and the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Horniman_Museum" title="Horniman Museum">Horniman Museum</a>; her grandfather was <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Horniman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Horniman (page does not exist)">John Horniman</a> who founded the family tea business of Horniman and Company. Annie and her younger brother Emslie were educated privately at their home. Her father was opposed to the theatre, which he considered sinful, but their German governess took Annie and Emslie secretly to a performance of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace" title="The Crystal Palace">The Crystal Palace</a> when Annie was aged 14.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lmet_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lmet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Annie's father allowed her to enter the <a href="/wiki/Slade_School_of_Fine_Art" title="Slade School of Fine Art">Slade School of Fine Art</a> in 1882. Here she discovered that her talent in art was limited but she developed other interests, particularly in the theatre and opera. She took great pleasure in <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">Ring</a></i> cycle and in <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Ibsen</a>'s plays. She cycled in London and twice over the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, smoked in public and explored alternative religions.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lmet_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lmet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "lonely rich girl" had become "an independent-minded woman".<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1890 she joined the <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occult</a> society the <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a>, where she remained a member until disagreements with its leaders led to her resignation in 1903. During this time she met and became a friend of <a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="William Butler Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a>, acting as his <a href="/wiki/Amanuensis" title="Amanuensis">amanuensis</a> for some years.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lmet_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lmet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their friendship endured: <a href="/wiki/Frank_O%27Connor" title="Frank O'Connor">Frank O'Connor</a> recalled that on the day Yeats heard of her death, he spent the entire evening speaking of his memories of her.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theatre_founder_and_manager">Theatre founder and manager</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annie_Horniman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Theatre founder and manager"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Annie's first venture into the theatre was in 1894 and was made possible by a legacy from her grandfather. She anonymously supported her friend <a href="/wiki/Florence_Farr" title="Florence Farr">Florence Farr</a> in a season of new plays at the <a href="/wiki/Playhouse_Theatre" title="Playhouse Theatre">Avenue Theatre</a>, London. This included a new play by Yeats, <i>The Land of Heart's Desire</i>, and the première of <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/Arms_and_the_Man" title="Arms and the Man">Arms and the Man</a></i>. In 1903 Yeats persuaded her to go to <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> to back productions by the <a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Theatre_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish National Theatre Society">Irish National Theatre Society</a>. Here she discovered her skill as a theatre administrator. She bought a property and developed it into the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Theatre" title="Abbey Theatre">Abbey Theatre</a>, which opened in December 1904. Although she moved back to live in England she continued to support the theatre financially until 1910. Meanwhile, in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> she had purchased and renovated the <a href="/wiki/Gaiety_Theatre,_Manchester" title="Gaiety Theatre, Manchester">Gaiety Theatre</a> in 1908 and developed it into the first regional <a href="/wiki/Repertory" class="mw-redirect" title="Repertory">repertory</a> theatre in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lmet_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lmet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-greenex.co.uk_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenex.co.uk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the Gaiety she appointed <a href="/wiki/Ben_Iden_Payne" title="Ben Iden Payne">Ben Iden Payne</a><sup id="cite_ref-greenex.co.uk_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenex.co.uk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the director and employed actors on 40-week contracts, alternating their work between large and small parts. The plays produced included classics such as <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, and she introduced works by contemporary playwrights such as Ibsen and Shaw. She also encouraged local writers who formed what was known as the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_School_(writers)" title="Manchester School (writers)">Manchester School</a> of dramatists, the leading members of which were <a href="/wiki/Harold_Brighouse" title="Harold Brighouse">Harold Brighouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Houghton" title="Stanley Houghton">Stanley Houghton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allan_Monkhouse" title="Allan Monkhouse">Allan Monkhouse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-greenex.co.uk_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenex.co.uk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gaiety company undertook tours of America and Canada in 1912 and 1913. Annie became a well-known public figure in Manchester, lecturing on subjects which included <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a> and her views about the theatre. In 1910 she was awarded the honorary degree of <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a> by <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">Manchester University</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> the Gaiety continued to stage plays but financial difficulties led to the disbandment of the permanent company in 1917, following which productions in the theatre were by visiting companies. In 1921 Annie sold the theatre to a cinema company.<sup id="cite_ref-lmet_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lmet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of her tea connection, she was known as "Hornibags".<sup id="cite_ref-ja_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ja-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She held court at the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Hotel,_Manchester" title="Midland Hotel, Manchester">Midland Hotel</a>, wearing exotic clothing and openly smoking cigarettes, which was considered scandalous at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-ja_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ja-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She introduced Manchester to what was called at the time "the play of ideas". The theatre critic <a href="/wiki/James_Agate" title="James Agate">James Agate</a> noted that Horniman's high-minded theatrical ventures had "an air of gloomy strenuousness" about them.<sup id="cite_ref-ja_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ja-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annie_Horniman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Annie moved to London where she kept a flat in <a href="/wiki/Portman_Square" title="Portman Square">Portman Square</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lmet_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lmet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1933 she was made a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour">Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horniman and <a href="/wiki/Algernon_Blackwood" title="Algernon Blackwood">Algernon Blackwood</a> may have been the only past or present members of an occult society to receive a United Kingdom honour.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> She died in 1937 at her home in <a href="/wiki/Shere" title="Shere">Shere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>. Her <a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">estate</a> amounted to a little over £50,000.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/manchesteruniversity/data/gb133-aeh">Annie Horniman Papers</a></i> are held in the <a href="/wiki/John_Rylands_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rylands Library">John Rylands Library</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lmet_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lmet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annie_Horniman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-greenex.co.uk-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-greenex.co.uk_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenex.co.uk_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenex.co.uk_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenex.co.uk_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenex.co.uk_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harding, John, Staging Life: The Story of the Manchester Playwrights (Greenwich Exchange 2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://greenex.co.uk/">https://greenex.co.uk/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dnb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCheeseman2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Cheeseman, Peter (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33993">"Horniman, Annie Elizabeth Fredericka (1880–1937)"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F33993">10.1093/ref:odnb/33993</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Horniman%2C+Annie+Elizabeth+Fredericka+%281880%E2%80%931937%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F33993&rft.aulast=Cheeseman&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F33993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnie+Horniman" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span> (<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lmet-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lmet_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lmet_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lmet_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lmet_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lmet_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lmet_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lmet_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205043046/http://www.londonmet.ac.uk/genesis/search/%24-search-results.cfm?CCODE=407"><i>The Annie Horniman Papers</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_University" title="London Metropolitan University">London Metropolitan University</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.londonmet.ac.uk/genesis/search/$-search-results.cfm?CCODE=407">the original</a> on 5 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annie+Horniman+Papers&rft.pub=London+Metropolitan+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.londonmet.ac.uk%2Fgenesis%2Fsearch%2F%24-search-results.cfm%3FCCODE%3D407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnie+Horniman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Connor, Frank <i>My Father's Son</i> Macmillan and Co. 1968</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ja-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ja_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ja_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ja_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarding1986" class="citation cs2">Harding, James (1986), <i>Agate. A Biography</i>, London: Methuen, p. 33, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-413-58090-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-413-58090-0"><bdi>978-0-413-58090-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agate.+A+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-413-58090-0&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnie+Horniman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://archives.li.man.ac.uk/ead/search/?operation=full&recid=gb133ae">[1]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120604102316/http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/searchresources/guidetospecialcollections/atoz/hornimananniepapers/"><i>Annie Horniman papers</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/searchresources/guidetospecialcollections/atoz/hornimananniepapers/">the original</a> on 4 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annie+Horniman+papers&rft.pub=University+of+Manchester&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.manchester.ac.uk%2Fsearchresources%2Fguidetospecialcollections%2Fatoz%2Fhornimananniepapers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnie+Horniman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460547#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460547#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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