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mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efrajim_Halevi" title="Efrajim Halevi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Efrajim Halevi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efraim_Halevy" title="Efraim Halevy – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Efraim Halevy" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C" title="افراییم هالوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="افراییم هالوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephraim_Halevy" title="Ephraim Halevy – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ephraim Halevy" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99" title="אפרים הלוי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפרים הלוי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%89" title="افرايم هليفى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="افرايم هليفى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8,_%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Галеви, Эфраим – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Галеви, Эфраим" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efraim_Halevi" title="Efraim Halevi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Efraim Halevi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efraim_Halevy" title="Efraim Halevy – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Efraim Halevy" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Israeli diplomat and intelligence expert</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Efraim Halevy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="he"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אפרים הלוי</span>‎</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Efraim_Halevy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Efraim_Halevy.jpg/220px-Efraim_Halevy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Efraim_Halevy.jpg/330px-Efraim_Halevy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Efraim_Halevy.jpg/440px-Efraim_Halevy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="1181" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Efraim Halevy in 2014</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security Advisor (Israel)">National Security Advisor (Israel)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 2002 – August 2003</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uzi_Dayan" title="Uzi Dayan">Uzi Dayan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Israel Michaeli</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">9th Director of <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1998–2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Yatom" title="Danny Yatom">Danny Yatom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Meir_Dagan" title="Meir Dagan">Meir Dagan</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1934-12-02</span>) </span>2 December 1934<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 89)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a> (Law)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Efraim Halevy</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אפרים הלוי</span>; born 2 December 1934) is an <a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israeli</a> <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_(information_gathering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence (information gathering)">intelligence</a> expert and diplomat. He was the 9th director of the <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> and the 3rd head of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_National_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli National Security Council">Israeli National Security Council</a>. </p><p>He is known for his part in bringing about the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Israel–Jordan peace treaty</a>. The special relationship he developed with King <a href="/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan" title="Hussein of Jordan">Hussein of Jordan</a> made it possible for Halevy to open Jordan to the awareness that only a peace agreement with Israel would extricate the Hashemite kingdom from the crisis after the Gulf War.<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz_waiting_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz_waiting-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efraim_Halevy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Halevy was born in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> to an established <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jewish</a> family on 2 December 1934. His uncle was <a href="/wiki/Sir_Isaiah_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Isaiah Berlin">Sir Isaiah Berlin</a>. Halevy emigrated to Israel in 1948. He attended Ma'aleh, a religious high school in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. He later graduated with commendation in law from the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_career">Government career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efraim_Halevy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Government career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1957 and 1961 he was the editor of the journal <i>Monthly Survey</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">סקירה חודשית</span>‎), published by the Chief Education Officer. In 1961, he began his work in the Mossad. In 1967, he was selected to the Chief Branches Forum. </p><p>Halevy remained in the Mossad for the next 28 years, heading three different branches throughout. Halevy had a working relationship with <a href="/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan" title="Hussein of Jordan">Hussein of Jordan</a> which developed into a close personal friendship. Hussein trusted Halevy both with sensitive Jordanian internal issues and clandestine contact to act as a back channel with Israel whenever relations reached an impasse. As a result of his warm relations with Hussein, Halevy, along with <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>, is credited with being a major force in movement towards the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Israel–Jordan peace treaty</a><sup id="cite_ref-shlaim_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shlaim-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1990 and 1995, under the directorship of <a href="/wiki/Shabtai_Shavit" title="Shabtai Shavit">Shabtai Shavit</a>, he served as deputy director and as head of the headquarters branch. In 1996, he became the Israeli ambassador to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> in Brussels. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In March 1998, he became the director of Mossad following the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Danny_Yatom" title="Danny Yatom">Danny Yatom</a>. He asked <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliza_Magen-Halevy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliza Magen-Halevy (page does not exist)">Aliza Magen-Halevy</a>, the sitting deputy director, to stay on.<sup id="cite_ref-Song_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Song-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Halevy served as the envoy and confidant of five <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Ministers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a>. He took an active part in a special mission by Rabin in forging the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_Treaty_of_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace">Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the failure of the Mossad operation to assassinate <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mashal" title="Khaled Mashal">Khaled Mashal</a> in 1997, he took an active part in <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>'s mission to return the Mossad men captured in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, and to settle the crisis with the King Hussein of Jordan. The King himself had specifically requested that Halevy not be involved because the former did not want the sordid affair to tarnish his personal relationship with Halevy, but ultimately Halevy responded to Netanyahu's pleas and traveled to Amman to break the deadlock.<sup id="cite_ref-shlaim_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shlaim-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2002, he was appointed the second head of the National Security Council and an advisor to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a>. In August 2003, he resigned from this position<sup id="cite_ref-Guard_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guard-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after <a href="/wiki/Dov_Weissglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Dov Weissglass">Dov Weissglass</a>, the bureau chief of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a>, got too much power and he believed the <a href="/wiki/Roadmap_for_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadmap for peace">Roadmap for peace</a> was not favourable for Israel,<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz_waiting_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz_waiting-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Prime Minister Sharon refrained from accepting his recommendations on a host of issues, and went to teach at <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>. He is the author of the book <i>The role of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Intelligence_Community" title="Israeli Intelligence Community">intelligence community</a> in the age of strategic alternatives for Israel.</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_views_and_activities">Political views and activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efraim_Halevy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political views and activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Halevy is known as a hard-headed pragmatist on issues involving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, willing to ruffle feathers on the right and the left, unlike many others in the intelligence establishment who are known to take more extreme ideological positions on these issues. He believes that Israel should take up Hamas's offer of a long-term truce and try negotiating, because the Islamic movement is respected by Palestinians and generally keeps its word, he said. He pointed to the cease-fire in attacks on Israel that Hamas declared two years ago and has largely honoured. "They're not very pleasant people, but they are very, very credible," Halevy said.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believes in an aggressive approach, but at the same time in recognising the moderate leaders of Hamas as a partner in the Palestinian government.<sup id="cite_ref-Guard_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guard-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006 he published the book <i>Man in the Shadows</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> covering Middle Eastern history since the late 1980s. Halevy was interviewed about his book on <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Show" title="The Daily Show">The Daily Show</a> with <a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Jon Stewart</a> on 24 April 2006, and by guest host Brian Ross on the <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlie Rose Show">Charlie Rose Show</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a January 2007 interview with the Portuguese newspaper <a href="/wiki/Expresso_(newspaper)" title="Expresso (newspaper)">Expresso</a>, he stated that the world is "in the midst of a Third World War" with radical Islam, and predicted that it will take at least 25 years for the West to win.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2011 Halevy said Iran should be prevented from becoming a nuclear power but expressed opposition to an attack which he said "could affect not only Israel, but the entire region for 100 years." He added "The growing <a href="/wiki/Haredi" class="mw-redirect" title="Haredi">haredi</a> radicalization poses a bigger risk than <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Ahmadinejad</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-ynet20111104_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ynet20111104-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015 he was one of the few public figures in Israel to support the <a href="/wiki/Iran_nuclear_deal" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran nuclear deal">Iran nuclear deal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Halevy has written extensively on Israel's relationship with the United States, generally taking a moderate, pragmatic view of the Washington-Jerusalem alliance. He wrote, for example: "Never, but NEVER surprise the president of the United States is a dictum I learned very quickly when entering the Mossad in 1961."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For 23 October 2012, during the <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">United States presidential campaign</a> between <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a>, Halevy published an op-ed piece "Who Threw Israel Under the Bus?" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> countering Mitt Romney's assertions about Obama's stance toward Israel. In it Halevy cited several key instances over the years in which the "Republican White House acted in a cold and determined manner, with no regard for Israel's national pride, strategic interests or sensitivities" but that "no Democratic president has ever strong-armed Israel on any key national security issue." He concluded: "That's food for thought in October 2012."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, Halevy became chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Shorashim_(organization)" title="Shorashim (organization)">Shorashim program</a>, a program that helps immigrants to Israel from the <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">former Soviet Union</a> verify their Jewish ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2014 Halevy was interviewed by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i>. He claimed that Israel would never have peace unless Palestinians were treated with dignity as equals. He was critical of <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Naftali Bennett</a> and their policies, especially regarding Jerusalem. He underscored the importance of the upcoming 17 March 2015 elections, which from his perspective "constitute an unprecedented opportunity to determine Israel's policy vis-à-vis the peace process."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Halevy is also an Advisory Editor at the British journal <i>Fathom: For a deeper understanding of Israel and the region</i>. In 2023, Halevy advocated for a <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Iran–Israel relations">rapprochement with</a> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> followings news of Iran and <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> re-establishing <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia relations">diplomatic relations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efraim_Halevy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_world#Modern_boundaries" title="Arab world">Modern boundaries of the Arab world</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efraim_Halevy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-haaretz_waiting-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz_waiting_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz_waiting_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050514014121/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=336836">"The waiting game"</a>. Archived from the original on 14 May 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+waiting+game&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fpages%2FShArt.jhtml%3FitemNo%3D336836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEfraim+Halevy" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>. Ari Shavit, <i>Haaretz</i>, 4 September 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shlaim-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shlaim_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shlaim_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShlaim2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Shlaim, Avi</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JtrCoUf7wCsC"><i>Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace</i></a>. Vintage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400078288" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400078288"><bdi>978-1400078288</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lion+of+Jordan%3A+The+Life+of+King+Hussein+in+War+and+Peace&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1400078288&rft.aulast=Shlaim&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJtrCoUf7wCsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEfraim+Halevy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Song-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Song_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2005" class="citation book cs1">Katz, Mayn (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y9wmjijOQc8C&dq=aliza+Magen+mossad&pg=PA278"><i>Song of Spies</i></a>. Heliographica. p. 278. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1933037733" title="Special:BookSources/1933037733"><bdi>1933037733</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Song+of+Spies&rft.pages=278&rft.pub=Heliographica&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1933037733&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Mayn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy9wmjijOQc8C%26dq%3Daliza%2BMagen%2Bmossad%26pg%3DPA278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEfraim+Halevy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guard-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guard_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guard_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/sep/24/israel"><i>UK recalls MI6 link to Palestinian militants</i></a>. Chris McGreal, <i>The Guardian</i>, 24 September 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forward.com/articles/10055/"><i>Experts Question Wisdom of Boycotting Hamas</i></a>. Orly Halpern, <i>The Forward</i>, 9 February 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2006/apr/27/hamas-the-last-chance-for-peace/"><i>Hamas: The Last Chance for Peace?</i></a>. Henry Siegman, <i>New York Review of Books</i>, 27 April 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalevy2006" class="citation book cs1">Halevy, Efraim (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/maninshadowsinsi00hale"><i>Man in the Shadows: Inside the Middle East Crisis with a Man Who Led the Mossad</i></a></span>. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/03-1233771X" title="Special:BookSources/03-1233771X"><bdi>03-1233771X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+in+the+Shadows%3A+Inside+the+Middle+East+Crisis+with+a+Man+Who+Led+the+Mossad&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=03-1233771X&rft.aulast=Halevy&rft.aufirst=Efraim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmaninshadowsinsi00hale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEfraim+Halevy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080703224909/http://www.charlierose.com/guests/efraim-halevy">"Efraim Halevy - Charlie Rose"</a>. <i>www.charlierose.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charlierose.com/guests/efraim-halevy">the original</a> on 3 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.charlierose.com&rft.atitle=Efraim+Halevy+-+Charlie+Rose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.charlierose.com%2Fguests%2Fefraim-halevy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEfraim+Halevy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3357552,00.html">"Ynetnews News – World War III has already begun, says Israeli spy chief"</a>. <i>Ynetnews</i>. 27 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Ynetnews+News+%E2%80%93+World+War+III+has+already+begun%2C+says+Israeli+spy+chief&rft.date=2007-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3357552%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEfraim+Halevy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ynet20111104-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ynet20111104_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZitun2011" class="citation news cs1">Zitun, Yoav (4 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4143909,00.html">"Iran far from posing existential threat"</a>. <i>Ynet</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet&rft.atitle=Iran+far+from+posing+existential+threat&rft.date=2011-11-04&rft.aulast=Zitun&rft.aufirst=Yoav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4143909%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEfraim+Halevy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2015/07/31/427990359/ex-mossad-chief-supports-iran-nuclear-deal">"Ex-Mossad Chief Supports Iran Nuclear Deal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. 31 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ex-Mossad+Chief+Supports+Iran+Nuclear+Deal&rft.date=2015-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2015%2F07%2F31%2F427990359%2Fex-mossad-chief-supports-iran-nuclear-deal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEfraim+Halevy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Efraim Halevy – "General Jones' Message: Lessons in the Conduct of American-Israeli Relations", <i>Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs</i> IV:2 (2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEfraim_Halvey2012" class="citation web cs1">Efraim Halvey (23 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/24/opinion/who-threw-israel-under-the-bus.html">"Who Threw Israel Under the Bus? – The New York Times"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Who+Threw+Israel+Under+the+Bus%3F+%E2%80%93+The+New+York+Times&rft.date=2012-10-23&rft.au=Efraim+Halvey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F10%2F24%2Fopinion%2Fwho-threw-israel-under-the-bus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEfraim+Halevy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLebovic2013" class="citation news cs1">Lebovic, Matt (25 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/ex-mossad-chief-to-help-fsu-immigrants-prove-jewish-roots/">"Ex-Mossad chief to help FSU immigrants prove Jewish roots"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Ex-Mossad+chief+to+help+FSU+immigrants+prove+Jewish+roots&rft.date=2013-06-25&rft.aulast=Lebovic&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fex-mossad-chief-to-help-fsu-immigrants-prove-jewish-roots%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEfraim+Halevy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhren2014" class="citation news cs1">Ahren, Raphael (14 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/ex-mossad-chief-peace-will-elude-us-until-we-treat-palestinians-with-dignity/">"Ex-Mossad chief: Peace will elude us until we treat Palestinians with dignity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Ex-Mossad+chief%3A+Peace+will+elude+us+until+we+treat+Palestinians+with+dignity&rft.date=2014-12-14&rft.aulast=Ahren&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fex-mossad-chief-peace-will-elude-us-until-we-treat-palestinians-with-dignity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEfraim+Halevy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGjevori2023" class="citation web cs1">Gjevori, Elis (16 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-iran-former-mossad-chief-urges-rapprochement">"Israel: Former Mossad chief urges rapprochement with Iran"</a>. <i>Middle East Eye</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Israel%3A+Former+Mossad+chief+urges+rapprochement+with+Iran&rft.date=2023-03-16&rft.aulast=Gjevori&rft.aufirst=Elis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fisrael-iran-former-mossad-chief-urges-rapprochement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEfraim+Halevy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efraim_Halevy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=336836">Ha'aretz article on Israel's Gaza Disengagement containing a Useful biography</a>,</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050312181023/http://www.afhu.org/site/press_releases/news_ex_Mossad.htm">"EX-MOSSAD CHIEF HEADS CENTER AT HEBREW UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY" from American Friends of the Hebrew University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/opinion/displayStory.cfm?story_id=2963194">Halevy editorial in the Economist</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061017210524/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/B96BD51C-1F92-4869-BF64-E89F55FD0F53.htm">Ex-Mossad chief says Hamas cannot win</a> Aljazeera.net</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Shiloah" title="Reuven Shiloah">Shiloah</a> (1949–52)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isser_Harel" title="Isser Harel">Harel</a> (1952–63)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meir_Amit" title="Meir Amit">Amit</a> (1963–68)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Zamir" title="Zvi Zamir">Zamir</a> (1968–74)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Hofi" title="Yitzhak Hofi">Hofi</a> (1974–82)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Admoni" title="Nahum Admoni">Admoni</a> (1982–89)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shabtai_Shavit" title="Shabtai Shavit">Shavit</a> (1989–96)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Yatom" title="Danny Yatom">Yatom</a> (1996–98)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halevy</a> (1998–2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meir_Dagan" title="Meir Dagan">Dagan</a> (2002–11)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamir_Pardo" title="Tamir Pardo">Pardo</a> (2011–16)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yossi_Cohen" title="Yossi Cohen">Cohen</a> (2016–2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Barnea" title="David Barnea">Barnea</a> (2021–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/131968874">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr2004006858">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb151044185">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb151044185">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an41739021">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p30618799X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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