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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251680060">.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-above{font-style:italic;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-red-header{background-color:red;color:white;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-green-header{background-color:green;color:white;font-weight:bold}</style><table class="infobox scotus ib-court-case"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Raila Odinga v IEBC</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_of_Kenya.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Supreme_Court_of_Kenya.JPG/180px-Supreme_Court_of_Kenya.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Supreme_Court_of_Kenya.JPG/270px-Supreme_Court_of_Kenya.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Supreme_Court_of_Kenya.JPG/360px-Supreme_Court_of_Kenya.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Court</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Kenya" title="Supreme Court of Kenya">Supreme Court of Kenya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full case name</th><td class="infobox-data"><i> Raila Amolo Odinga & Stephen Kalonzo Musyoka v Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission, Chairperson Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission & Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta (Election Petition 1 of 2017) [2017] KESC 31 (KLR) </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Started</th><td class="infobox-data">August 18, 2017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decided</th><td class="infobox-data">September 1, 2017<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2017-09-01</span>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Raila Odinga & another v Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission & others [</b>2017] KESC 31 (KLR)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of Kenya that nullified the presidential results of the 2017 General Elections in Kenya. The petition was brought forward by <a href="/wiki/Raila_Odinga" title="Raila Odinga">Raila Odinga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalonzo_Musyoka" title="Kalonzo Musyoka">Kalonzo Musyoka</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Super_Alliance" title="National Super Alliance">National Super Alliance</a> (NASA) candidates, challenging the legitimacy of Kenya's <a href="/wiki/2017_Kenyan_general_election" title="2017 Kenyan general election">August 8, 2017, presidential election</a>. They claimed that the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Electoral_and_Boundaries_Commission" title="Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission">Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission</a> (IEBC) and its chairperson, <a href="/wiki/Wafula_Chebukati" title="Wafula Chebukati">Wafula Chebukati</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a>, the incumbent president and Jubilee Party candidate, committed irregularities during the election. They sought to overturn the election results and demanded a new election be conducted.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 1, 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Kenya" title="Supreme Court of Kenya">Supreme Court of Kenya</a> issued decision, annulling the presidential election by a vote of four judges to two. The court determined that there were significant failures in the transmission of results from polling stations to constituency tallying centers and the national tallying center, which jeopardized the election's integrity. The court also found that the IEBC did not follow constitutional and statutory provisions for election administration. The court ordered that a new presidential election be held within 60 days in accordance with the constitution .<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_of_the_case">Background of the case</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raila_v_IEBC_(2017)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background of the case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The petitioners were <a href="/wiki/Raila_Odinga" title="Raila Odinga">Raila Odinga</a>, former prime minister of Kenya and presidential candidate for the National Super Alliance (NASA), a coalition of several opposition parties that formed ahead of the 2017 general elections. His running mate was Stephen Kalonzo Musyoka, former vice president and leader of the Wiper Democratic Movement. The respondents in the petition were the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC), Wafula Chebukati, the chairperson of IEBC; and Uhuru Kenyatta, the incumbent president and candidate of Jubilee Party, another coalition of several parties that supported his re-election bid.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The presidential election was conducted on August 8, alongside five other elections for members of parliament, senators, governors, county assembly members, and women representatives. According to IEBC's official results announced on August 11 by Chebukati, Kenyatta won the presidential election with 8,203,290 votes (54.27%), followed by Odinga with 6,762,224 votes (44.74%). The voter turnout was reported as 79.5%. Chebukati declared Kenyatta as the duly elected president and issued him with a certificate. However, these results were rejected by NASA who claimed that they were manipulated by IEBC in favor of Kenyatta.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hearing_the_case">Hearing the case</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raila_v_IEBC_(2017)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hearing the case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between August 26 and August 29, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments from all parties. The court also ordered IEBC to provide all parties with access to its servers and original result forms for review. IEBC, on the other hand, failed to fully comply with this order, citing technical difficulties and security concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supreme_Court_decision">Supreme Court decision</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raila_v_IEBC_(2017)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Supreme Court decision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 1, the Supreme Court delivered its judgment by a majority of four judges to two. The court found that there were substantial failures in the transmission of results from polling stations to constituency tallying centers and to the national tallying center, which affected the integrity of the election. The court also found that IEBC failed to comply with constitutional and statutory provisions on conducting elections, such as using biometric technology for voter identification; transmitting provisional results electronically; publishing scanned images of result forms online; and verifying final results using original forms.The court held that these failures violated Article 81(e) of the Constitution, which requires elections to be free, fair, transparent, verifiable, accountable, accurate, secure, efficient, and credible. The court also held that these failures affected Article 86(a) of the Constitution, which requires elections to be simple, accurate, verifiable, secure, accountable and transparent. The court further held that these failures invalidated the declaration of Kenyatta as the winner of the presidential election by Chebukati under Section 39(1)(i) of the Elections Act. The court reasoned that Chebukati did not have sufficient evidence to support his declaration based on incomplete and unverified results.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The court concluded that these failures affected the outcome of the presidential election in a significant way. The court noted that it was not necessary for it to determine whether there was any hacking or manipulation of IEBC's servers or result forms by any party, as alleged by NASA. The court also noted that it was not necessary for it to determine whether Kenyatta engaged in any electoral malpractices, as alleged by NASA.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The court therefore nullified the presidential election under Article 140(2) (a) of the Constitution. The court ordered IEBC to conduct a fresh presidential election within 60 days in accordance with Article 140(3) (a) of the Constitution and applicable laws. The court also ordered IEBC to ensure compliance with constitutional principles and statutory provisions on conducting elections.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_about_the_Petition_Timeline">Criticism about the Petition Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raila_v_IEBC_(2017)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Criticism about the Petition Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There has been increasing criticism regarding the 14-day timeframe for filing and ruling on Kenyan presidential election petitions, with many considering it insufficient given the complexity of such cases. </p><p>In 2020, NASA argued that the 48-hour timeframe to prepare a solid case placed significant pressure on its legal team and was insufficient..<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, former Attorney General Githu Muigai told the National Dialogue Committee (NADCO) that the 14-day timeframe for determining election petitions is restrictive and poses a significant threat to national security if the case remains unresolved within the set period. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raila_v_IEBC_(2017)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the ruling, NASA supporters celebrated and rejoiced across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International media outlets reacted as well, praising the Supreme Court and Kenya for their commitment to democracy. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> described it as "a surprise ruling that nullified the re-election of a sitting president" and "a rare example of a judicial check on executive power,"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> described it as "a watershed moment for African democracy" and "a stunning rebuke to Kenya's political establishment";<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, too, lauded it as "a remarkable display of judicial independence" and "a victory for the rule of law,"<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, which noted that it was “the first time in Africa that a court has ruled against the electoral victory of an incumbent based on a challenge by the opposition” and “a landmark in African history”.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raila_v_IEBC_(2017)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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