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href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82" title="Псэўдамаляхіт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Псэўдамаляхіт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomalaquita" title="Pseudomalaquita – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pseudomalaquita" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomalachit" title="Pseudomalachit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pseudomalachit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomalaquita" title="Pseudomalaquita – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pseudomalaquita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomalachita" title="Pseudomalachita – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pseudomalachita" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="سودومالاکیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سودومالاکیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomalachite" title="Pseudomalachite – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pseudomalachite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomalachiet" title="Pseudomalachiet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pseudomalachiet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88" title="シュードマラカイト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シュードマラカイト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomalakitt" title="Pseudomalakitt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pseudomalakitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomalachit" title="Pseudomalachit – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pseudomalachit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Псевдомалахит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Псевдомалахит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomalachit" title="Pseudomalachit – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pseudomalachit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82" title="Псевдомалахіт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Псевдомалахіт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Pseudomalachite</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pseudomalachite-Chrysocolla-160216.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Pseudomalachite-Chrysocolla-160216.jpg/220px-Pseudomalachite-Chrysocolla-160216.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Pseudomalachite-Chrysocolla-160216.jpg/330px-Pseudomalachite-Chrysocolla-160216.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Pseudomalachite-Chrysocolla-160216.jpg/440px-Pseudomalachite-Chrysocolla-160216.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="793" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">General</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Phosphate_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphate minerals">Phosphate minerals</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(repeating unit)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Cu<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mineral_symbols" title="List of mineral symbols">IMA symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pmlc<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93Strunz_classification" title="Nickel–Strunz classification">Strunz classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8.BD.05</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dana_Classification_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Dana Classification System">Dana classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data">41.04.03.01</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_system" title="Crystal system">Crystal system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monoclinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclinic">Monoclinic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystal class">Crystal class</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Prismatic (2/m) <br /><small>(same <a href="/wiki/H-M_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="H-M symbol">H-M symbol</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Space_group" title="Space group">Space group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>P</i>2<sub>1</sub>/c</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure#Unit_cell" title="Crystal structure">Unit cell</a></th><td class="infobox-data">a = 4.47 Å, b = 5.75 Å, <br />c = 17.05 Å; β = 91.06°; Z = 2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Identification</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Formula_mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula mass">Formula mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data">575.7 g/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td class="infobox-data">Dark emerald green to blackish green</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_habit" title="Crystal habit">Crystal habit</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Crystals, which are rare, are prismatic, usually with uneven faces. Pseudomalachite is commonly compact, reniform or botryoidal, or it may be fibrous or in crusts and films.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_twinning" title="Crystal twinning">Twinning</a></th><td class="infobox-data">On {100}</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">Cleavage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Perfect on {100}, distinct on {010}</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fracture_(mineralogy)" title="Fracture (mineralogy)">Fracture</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Splintery or conchoidal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs scale</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">hardness</span></th><td class="infobox-data">4.5–5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(mineralogy)" title="Lustre (mineralogy)">Luster</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Vitreous</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Streak_(mineralogy)" title="Streak (mineralogy)">Streak</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Blue green, paler than the mineral</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency" title="Transparency and translucency">Diaphaneity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Translucent to subtranslucent</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">Specific gravity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(Measured) 4.15 to 4.35</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Optical properties</th><td class="infobox-data">Biaxial (−)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</a></th><td class="infobox-data">n<sub>α</sub> = 1.791 n<sub>β</sub> = 1.856 n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.867</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Birefringence" title="Birefringence">Birefringence</a></th><td class="infobox-data">δ = 0.076</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pleochroism" title="Pleochroism">Pleochroism</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Weak; X = bluish green to pale green; Y = yellowish green; Z = deep bluish green to blue-green</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/2V_angle" class="mw-redirect" title="2V angle">2V angle</a></th><td class="infobox-data">48°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dispersion_(optics)" title="Dispersion (optics)">Dispersion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Strong r<v. Also biaxial (+) r>v</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">Solubility</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Soluble in acids but without effervescence (in contrast to malachite which effervesces with warm HCl)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other characteristics</th><td class="infobox-data">Not fluorescent, not radioactive</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">References</th><td class="infobox-data"><sup id="cite_ref-Mindat_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Webmin_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webmin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dana_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dana-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pseudomalachite</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> with <a href="/wiki/Hydroxyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxyl">hydroxyl</a>, named from the Greek for "false" and "malachite", because of its similarity in appearance to the <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_mineral" title="Carbonate mineral">carbonate mineral</a> <a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">malachite</a>, Cu<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)(OH)<sub>2</sub>. Both are green coloured secondary minerals found in oxidised zones of copper deposits, often associated with each other. Pseudomalachite is <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(materials_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymorphism (materials science)">polymorphous</a> with reichenbachite and ludjibaite. It was discovered in 1813. Prior to 1950 it was thought that dihydrite, lunnite, ehlite, tagilite and prasin were separate mineral species, but Berry analysed specimens labelled with these names from several museums, and found that they were in fact pseudomalachite. The old names are no longer recognised by the <a href="/wiki/International_Mineralogical_Association" title="International Mineralogical Association">IMA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AM35_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM35-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Type_locality">Type locality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudomalachite&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Type locality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Type_locality_(geology)" title="Type locality (geology)">type locality</a> is the Virneberg Mine, Rheinbreitbach, <a href="/wiki/Westerwald" title="Westerwald">Westerwald</a>, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. This is an area of ancient copper mining dating back to Roman times, and worked intermittently up until 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-Mindat_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Type_specimen_(mineralogy)" title="Type specimen (mineralogy)">type material</a> is held at the Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudomalachite&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The copper ions are co-ordinated by six oxygen ions to form distorted octahedra.<sup id="cite_ref-Ghose_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghose-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These octahedra are linked by sharing edges to form two distinct types of infinite chains, parallel to b. The chains are linked alternately, again by sharing octahedral edges, to form sheets parallel to the bc plane. Distorted phosphate tetrahedra link the sheets, and there is some doubt about the exact position of the hydrogen ions in the structure.<sup id="cite_ref-AM62_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM62-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudomalachite&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is a secondary mineral found in the oxidised zones of copper ore deposits. Associated with <a href="/wiki/Libethenite" title="Libethenite">libethenite</a> at several localities in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-AJM_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJM-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at the Chino Mine, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, US.<sup id="cite_ref-RM_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RM-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other associated minerals are <a href="/wiki/Apatite" title="Apatite">apatite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azurite" title="Azurite">azurite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalcedony" title="Chalcedony">chalcedony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrysocolla" title="Chrysocolla">chrysocolla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornetite" title="Cornetite">cornetite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuprite" title="Cuprite">cuprite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">malachite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyromorphite" title="Pyromorphite">pyromorphite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenorite" title="Tenorite">tenorite</a>, and iron oxyhydroxides. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudomalachite&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pseudomalachite has been reported from Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Mexico, Namibia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Congo, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, UK, US and Zambia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudomalachite&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:_Pseudomalachite" class="extiw" title="commons:Category: Pseudomalachite">Pseudomalachite</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWarr2021" class="citation journal cs1">Warr, L.N. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/imacnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols/62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A">"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"</a>. <i>Mineralogical Magazine</i>. <b>85</b>: 291–320.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=IMA%E2%80%93CNMNC+approved+mineral+symbols&rft.volume=85&rft.pages=291-320&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Warr&rft.aufirst=L.N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fmineralogical-magazine%2Farticle%2Fimacnmnc-approved-mineral-symbols%2F62311F45ED37831D78603C6E6B25EE0A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APseudomalachite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mindat-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mindat_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mindat_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-3299.html">http://www.mindat.org/min-3299.html</a> Mindat.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webmin-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Webmin_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmineral.com/data/Pseudomalachite.shtml">"Pseudomalachite Mineral Data"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pseudomalachite+Mineral+Data&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmineral.com%2Fdata%2FPseudomalachite.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APseudomalachite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Handbook_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Handbook_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/pseudomalachite.pdf">http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/pseudomalachite.pdf</a> Handbook of Mineralogy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dana-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dana_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaines et al (1997). Dana’s New Mineralogy Eighth Edition. Wiley</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AM35-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AM35_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berry L G (1950). American Mineralogist 35: 365 to 385</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghose-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ghose_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ghose, Subrata (1963) The Crystal Structure of Pseudomalachite. Acta Crystallographica 16:124–128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AM62-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AM62_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shoemaker, G L, Anderson, J B and Kostiner, E (1977). American Mineralogist 62: 1042 to 1048</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJM-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AJM_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Australian Journal of Mineralogy 3:50, 10:55, 10:79, 11:97 and 11:117 to 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RM-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RM_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rocks & Minerals (2009) 84:6 page 498</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudomalachite&oldid=1197246080">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudomalachite&oldid=1197246080</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phosphate_minerals" title="Category:Phosphate minerals">Phosphate minerals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Copper(II)_minerals" title="Category:Copper(II) minerals">Copper(II) minerals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monoclinic_minerals" title="Category:Monoclinic minerals">Monoclinic minerals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Minerals_in_space_group_14" title="Category:Minerals in space group 14">Minerals in space group 14</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 January 2024, at 18:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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