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steels</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: high speed steels"> <meta name="keywords" content="high speed steels"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="high speed steels"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 21884</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: high speed steels</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21884</span> Alloying Effect on Hot Workability of M42 High Speed Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Ho%20Moon">Jung-Ho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, the effect of Si, Al, Ti, Zr, and Nb addition on the microstructure and hot workability of cast M42 tool steels, basically consisting of 1.0C, 0.2Mn, 3.8Cr, 1.5W, 8.5Co, 9.2Mo, and 1.0V in weight percent has been investigated. Tool steels containing Si of 0.25 and 0.5 wt.%, Al of 0.06 and 0.12 wt.%, Ti of 0.3 wt.%, Zr of 0.3 wt.%, and Nb of 0.3 wt.% were cast into ingots of 140 mm´ 140 mm´ 330 mm by vacuum induction melting. After solution treatment at 1150°C for 1.5 hrs. followed by furnace cooling, hot rolling at 1180 °C was conducted on the ingots. Addition of titanium, zirconium and niobium was found to retard the decomposition of the eutectic carbides and result in the deterioration of hot workability of the tool steels, while addition of aluminium and silicon showed relatively well decomposed carbide structure and resulted in sound hot rolled plates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20steels" title="high speed steels">high speed steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alloying%20elements" title=" alloying elements"> alloying elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutectic%20carbides" title=" eutectic carbides"> eutectic carbides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20workability" title=" hot workability"> hot workability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7125/alloying-effect-on-hot-workability-of-m42-high-speed-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21883</span> Carbide Structure and Fracture Toughness of High Speed Tool Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Ho%20Moon">Jung-Ho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> M2 steels, the typical Co-free high speed steel (HSS) possessing hardness level of 63~65 HRc, are most widely used for cutting tools. On the other hand, Co-containing HSS’s, such as M35 and M42, show a higher hardness level of 65~67 HRc and used for high quality cutting tools. In the fabrication of HSS’s, it is very important to control cleanliness and eutectic carbide structure of the ingot and it is required to increase productivity at the same time. Production of HSS ingots includes a variety of processes such as casting, electro-slag remelting (ESR), forging, blooming, and wire rod rolling processes. In the present study, electro-slag rapid remelting (ESRR) process, an advanced ESR process combined by continuous casting, was successfully employed to fabricate HSS billets of M2, M35, and M42 steels. Distribution and structure of eutectic carbides of the billets were analysed and cleanliness, hardness, and composition profile of the billets were also evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20tool%20steel" title="high speed tool steel">high speed tool steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutectic%20carbide" title=" eutectic carbide"> eutectic carbide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20toughness" title=" fracture toughness"> fracture toughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15803/carbide-structure-and-fracture-toughness-of-high-speed-tool-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21882</span> Load Relaxation Behavior of Ferritic Stainless Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Hong%20Min">Seok Hong Min</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-temperature deformation behavior of ferritic stainless steels such as STS 409L, STS 430J1L, and STS 429EM has been investigated in this study. Specimens with fully annealed microstructure were obtained by heat treatment. A series of load relaxation tests has been conducted on these samples at temperatures ranging from 200 to 900oC to construct flow curves in the strain rate range from 10-6 s-1 to 10-3 s-1. Strain hardening was not observed at high temperatures above 800oC in any stainless steels. Load relaxation behavior at the temperature was closely related with high-temperature mechanical properties such as the thermal fatigue and tensile behaviors. Load drop ratio of 436L stainless steel was much higher than that of the other steels. With increasing temperature, strength and load drop ratio of ferritic stainless steels showed entirely different trends. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferritic%20stainless%20steel" title="ferritic stainless steel">ferritic stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature%20deformation" title=" high temperature deformation"> high temperature deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20relaxation" title=" load relaxation"> load relaxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20rate%20sensitivity" title=" strain rate sensitivity"> strain rate sensitivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47843/load-relaxation-behavior-of-ferritic-stainless-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21881</span> Effect of Hot Rolling Conditions on Magnetic Properties of Fe-3%Si Non-Grain Oriented Electrical Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emre%20Alan">Emre Alan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Yamanturk"> Yusuf Yamanturk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gokay%20Bas"> Gokay Bas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-grain oriented electrical steels are high silicon containing steels in which the direction of magnetism is intended the same in any direction of the material. Major applications of non-grain-oriented electrical steels are electrical motors, generators, etc. where low magnetic losses are required. Selection of proper hot rolling process parameters is an important factor in order to produce a material that has desired magnetic properties. In this study, the effect of finishing and coiling temperatures on magnetic properties of Fe-3%Si non-grain oriented electrical steels will be investigated. Additionally, the effect of slab reheating temperature at same entry finishing temperature will be investigated by means of reduction in roughing mill pass number from 1-5 to 1-3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20steels" title="electrical steels">electrical steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20rolling" title=" hot rolling"> hot rolling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20properties" title=" magnetic properties"> magnetic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughing%20mill" title=" roughing mill"> roughing mill</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56727/effect-of-hot-rolling-conditions-on-magnetic-properties-of-fe-3si-non-grain-oriented-electrical-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21880</span> Corrosion and Microstructural Properties of Vanadium-Microalloyed High-Manganese Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temitope%20Olumide%20Olugbade">Temitope Olumide Olugbade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low resistance and delayed fracture to corrosion, especially in harsh environmental conditions, often limit the wide application of high-manganese (high-Mn) steels. To address this issue, the present work investigates the influence of microalloying on the corrosion properties of high-Mn steels. Microalloyed and base high-Mn steels were synthesized through an arc melting process under an argon atmosphere. To generate different microstructures, the temperature and duration were varied via thermal homogenization treatments. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques were used to determine the corrosion properties in 0.6 M NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature. The relationship between the microstructures and corrosion properties was investigated via Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy (SKPFM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The local corrosion properties were investigated via in situ atomic force spectroscopy (AFM), considering the homogenization treatments. The results indicate that microalloying is a successful technique for enhancing the corrosion behavior of high-Mn steels. Compared to other alloying elements, Vanadium has shown improvement in corrosion properties for both general and local corrosion in chloride environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-manganese%20steel" title=" high-manganese steel"> high-manganese steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homogenization" title=" homogenization"> homogenization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalloying" title=" microalloying"> microalloying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vanadium" title=" vanadium"> vanadium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174119/corrosion-and-microstructural-properties-of-vanadium-microalloyed-high-manganese-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21879</span> Microstructural Evidences for Exhaustion Theory of Low Temperature Creep in Martensitic Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagarjuna%20Remalli">Nagarjuna Remalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Brandt"> Robert Brandt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Down-sizing of combustion engines in automobiles are prevailed owing to required increase in efficiency. This leads to a stress increment on valve springs, which affects their intended function due to an increase in relaxation. High strength martensitic steels are used for valve spring applications. Recent investigations unveiled that low temperature creep (LTC) in martensitic steels obey a logarithmic creep law. The exhaustion theory links the logarithmic creep behavior to an activation energy which is characteristic for any given time during creep. This activation energy increases with creep strain due to barriers of low activation energies exhausted during creep. The assumption of the exhaustion theory is that the material is inhomogeneous in microscopic scale. According to these assumptions it is anticipated that small obstacles (e. g. ε–carbides) having a wide range of size distribution are non-uniformly distributed in the materials. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the presence of ε–carbides in high strength martensitic steels. In this study, high strength martensitic steels that are crept in the temperature range of 75 – 150 °C were investigated with the aid of a transmission electron microscope for the evidence of an inhomogeneous distribution of obstacles having different size to examine the validation of exhaustion theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep%20mechanisms" title="creep mechanisms">creep mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exhaustion%20theory" title=" exhaustion theory"> exhaustion theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20temperature%20creep" title=" low temperature creep"> low temperature creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=martensitic%20steels" title=" martensitic steels"> martensitic steels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85665/microstructural-evidences-for-exhaustion-theory-of-low-temperature-creep-in-martensitic-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21878</span> Activation Parameters of the Low Temperature Creep Controlling Mechanism in Martensitic Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M%C3%BCnch">M. Münch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Brandt"> R. Brandt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Martensitic steels with an ultimate tensile strength beyond 2000 MPa are applied in the powertrain of vehicles due to their excellent fatigue strength and high creep resistance. However, the creep controlling mechanism in martensitic steels at ambient temperatures up to 423 K is not evident. The purpose of this study is to review the low temperature creep (LTC) behavior of martensitic steels at temperatures from 363 K to 523 K. Thus, the validity of a logarithmic creep law is reviewed and the stress and temperature dependence of the creep parameters α and β are revealed. Furthermore, creep tests are carried out, which include stepped changes in temperature or stress, respectively. On one hand, the change of the creep rate due to a temperature step provides information on the magnitude of the activation energy of the LTC controlling mechanism and on the other hand, the stress step approach provides information on the magnitude of the activation volume. The magnitude, the temperature dependency, and the stress dependency of both material specific activation parameters may deliver a significant contribution to the disclosure of the nature of the LTC rate controlling mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activation%20parameters" title="activation parameters">activation parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep%20mechanisms" title=" creep mechanisms"> creep mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20strength%20steels" title=" high strength steels"> high strength steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20temperature%20creep" title=" low temperature creep"> low temperature creep</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85663/activation-parameters-of-the-low-temperature-creep-controlling-mechanism-in-martensitic-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21877</span> Effect of Retained Austenite Stability in Corrosion Mechanism of Dual Phase High Carbon Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Handoko">W. Handoko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Pahlevani"> F. Pahlevani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Sahajwalla"> V. Sahajwalla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dual-phase high carbon steels (DHCS) are commonly known for their improved strength, hardness, and abrasive resistance properties due to co-presence of retained austenite and martensite at the same time. Retained austenite is a meta-stable phase at room temperature, and stability of this phase governs the response of DHCS at different conditions. This research paper studies the effect of RA stability on corrosion behaviour of high carbon steels after they have been immersed into 1.0 M NaCl solution for various times. For this purpose, two different steels with different RA stabilities have been investigated. The surface morphology of the samples before and after corrosion attack was observed by secondary electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), along with the weight loss and Vickers hardness analysis. Microstructural investigations proved the preferential attack to retained austenite phase during corrosion. Hence, increase in the stability of retained austenite in dual-phase steels led to decreasing the weight loss rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20carbon%20steel" title="high carbon steel">high carbon steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=austenite%20stability" title=" austenite stability"> austenite stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20force%20microscopy" title=" atomic force microscopy"> atomic force microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75437/effect-of-retained-austenite-stability-in-corrosion-mechanism-of-dual-phase-high-carbon-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21876</span> Effect of Martensite Content and Its Morphology on Mechanical Properties of Microalloyed Dual Phase Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Manoj">M. K. Manoj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Pancholi"> V. Pancholi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Nath"> S. K. Nath </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalloyed dual phase steels have been prepared by intercritical austenitisation (ICA) treatment of normalized steel at different temperature and time. Water quenching wad carried to obtain different martensite volume fraction (MVF) in DP steels. DP steels and normalized steels have been characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, Vickers hardness measurements and tensile properties determination. The effect of MVF and martensite morphology on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of microalloyed dual phase steels have been explained in the present work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20phase%20steel" title="dual phase steel">dual phase steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=martensite%20morphology" title=" martensite morphology"> martensite morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85013/effect-of-martensite-content-and-its-morphology-on-mechanical-properties-of-microalloyed-dual-phase-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21875</span> Effect of Alloying Elements and Hot Forging/Rolling Reduction Ratio on Hardness and Impact Toughness of Heat Treated Low Alloy Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20M.%20Tash">Mahmoud M. Tash </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of alloying elements and thermo-mechanical treatment (TMT) i.e. hot rolling and forging with different reduction ratios on the hardness (HV) and impact toughness (J) of heat-treated low alloy steels. An understanding of the combined effect of TMT and alloying elements and by measuring hardness, impact toughness, resulting from different heat treatment following TMT of the low alloy steels, it is possible to determine which conditions yielded optimum mechanical properties and high strength to weight ratio. Experimental Correlations between hot work reduction ratio, hardness and impact toughness for thermo-mechanically heat treated low alloy steels are analyzed quantitatively, and both regression and mathematical hardness and impact toughness models are developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20forging" title="hot forging">hot forging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20rolling" title=" hot rolling"> hot rolling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20treatment" title=" heat treatment"> heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness%20%28HV%29" title=" hardness (HV)"> hardness (HV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20toughness%20%28J%29" title=" impact toughness (J)"> impact toughness (J)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20alloy%20steels" title=" low alloy steels"> low alloy steels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24168/effect-of-alloying-elements-and-hot-forgingrolling-reduction-ratio-on-hardness-and-impact-toughness-of-heat-treated-low-alloy-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21874</span> Designing, Processing and Isothermal Transformation of Al-Si High Carbon Ultrafine High Strength Bainitic Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20K.%20El-Fawkhry">Mohamed K. El-Fawkhry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Shash"> Ahmed Shash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Ismail%20Zaki%20Farahat"> Ahmed Ismail Zaki Farahat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20Ali%20Abd%20El%20Rahman"> Sherif Ali Abd El Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taha%20Mattar"> Taha Mattar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-carbon, silicon-rich steels are commonly suggested to obtain very fine bainitic microstructure at low temperature ranged from 200 to 300°C. Thereby, the resulted microstructure consists of slender of bainitic-ferritic plates interwoven with retained austenite. The advanced strength and ductility package of this steel is much dependent on the fineness of bainitic ferrite, as well as the retained austenite phase. In this article, Aluminum to Silicon ratio, and the isothermal transformation temperature have been adopted to obtain ultra high strength high carbon steel. Optical and SEM investigation of the produced steels have been performed. XRD has been used to track the retained austenite development as a result of the change in the chemical composition of developed steels and heat treatment process. Mechanical properties in terms of hardness and microhardness of obtained phases and structure were investigated. It was observed that the increment of aluminum to silicon ratio has a great effect in promoting the bainitic transformation, in tandem with improving the stability and the fineness of retained austenite. Such advanced structure leads to enhancement in the whole mechanical properties of the high carbon steel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-carbon%20steel" title="high-carbon steel">high-carbon steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon-rich%20steels" title=" silicon-rich steels"> silicon-rich steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20bainitic%20microstructure" title=" fine bainitic microstructure"> fine bainitic microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retained%20austenite" title=" retained austenite"> retained austenite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal%20transformation" title=" isothermal transformation"> isothermal transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57724/designing-processing-and-isothermal-transformation-of-al-si-high-carbon-ultrafine-high-strength-bainitic-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21873</span> Reusing of HSS Hacksaw Blades as Rough Machining Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20V.">Raja V.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chokkalingam%20B."> Chokkalingam B.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For rough cutting, in many industries and educational institutions using carbon steels or HSS single point cutting tools in center lathe machine. In power hacksaw blades, only the cutter teeth region used to parting off the given material. The portions other than the teeth can be used as a single point cutting tool for rough turning and facing on soft materials. The hardness and Tensile strength of this used Power hacksaw blade is almost same as conventional cutting tools. In this paper, the effect of power hacksaw blades over conventional tool has been compared. Thickness of the blade (1.6 mm) is very small compared to its length and width. Hence, a special tool holding device is designed to hold the tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title="hardness">hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20steels" title=" high speed steels"> high speed steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20hacksaw%20blade" title=" power hacksaw blade"> power hacksaw blade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23057/reusing-of-hss-hacksaw-blades-as-rough-machining-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21872</span> Effect of Carbon Amount of Dual-Phase Steels on Deformation Behavior Using Acoustic Emission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Khamedi">Ramin Khamedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isa%20Ahmadi"> Isa Ahmadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study acoustic emission (AE) signals obtained during deformation and fracture of two types of ferrite-martensite dual phase steels (DPS) specimens have been analyzed in frequency domain. For this reason two low carbon steels with various amounts of carbon were chosen, and intercritically heat treated. In the introduced method, identifying the mechanisms of failure in the various phases of DPS is done. For this aim, AE monitoring has been used during tensile test of several DPS with various volume fraction of the martensite (VM) and attempted to relate the AE signals and failure mechanisms in these steels. Different signals, which referred to 2-3 micro-mechanisms of failure due to amount of carbon and also VM have been seen. By Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) of signals in distinct locations, an excellent relationship between peak frequencies in these areas and micro-mechanisms of failure were seen. The results were verified by microscopic observations (SEM). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20emission" title="acoustic emission">acoustic emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20phase%20steels" title=" dual phase steels"> dual phase steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation" title=" deformation"> deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture" title=" fracture"> fracture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10129/effect-of-carbon-amount-of-dual-phase-steels-on-deformation-behavior-using-acoustic-emission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21871</span> High-Speed Electrical Drives and Applications: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaishnavi%20Patil">Vaishnavi Patil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Kurundkar"> K. M. Kurundkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrical Drives play a vital role in industry development and applications. Drives have an inevitable part in the needs of various fields such as industry, commercial, and domestic applications. The development of material technology, Power Electronics devices, and accompanying applications led to the focus of industry and researchers on high-speed electrical drives. Numerous articles charted the applications of electrical machines and various converters for high-speed applications. The choice depends on the application under study. This paper goals to highlight high-speed applications, main challenges, and some applications of electrical drives in the field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed" title="high-speed">high-speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20machines" title=" electrical machines"> electrical machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drives" title=" drives"> drives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applications" title=" applications"> applications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182583/high-speed-electrical-drives-and-applications-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21870</span> Study of Intergranular Corrosion in Austenitic Stainless Steels Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satish%20Kolli">Satish Kolli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20Ferancova"> Adriana Ferancova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Porter"> David Porter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jukka%20K%C3%B6mi"> Jukka Kömi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to detect sensitization in austenitic stainless steels that are heat treated in the temperature regime 600-820 °C to produce different degrees of sensitization in the material. The tests were conducted at five different DC potentials in the transpassive region. The quantitative determination of degree of sensitization has been done using double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation tests (DL-EPR). The correlation between EIS Nyquist diagrams and DL-EPR degree of sensitization values has been studied. The EIS technique can be used as a qualitative tool in determining the intergranular corrosion in austenitic stainless steels that are heat treated at a given temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20technique" title="electrochemical technique">electrochemical technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intergranular%20corrosion" title=" intergranular corrosion"> intergranular corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitization" title=" sensitization"> sensitization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steels" title=" stainless steels"> stainless steels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104242/study-of-intergranular-corrosion-in-austenitic-stainless-steels-using-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21869</span> Grain Growth Behavior of High Carbon Microalloyed Steels Containing Very Low Amounts of Niobium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huseyin%20Zengin">Huseyin Zengin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammet%20Emre%20Turan"> Muhammet Emre Turan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunus%20Turen"> Yunus Turen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayrettin%20Ahlatci"> Hayrettin Ahlatci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yavuz%20Sun"> Yavuz Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed for understanding the effects of dilute Nb additions on the austenite microstructure of microalloyed steels at five different reheating temperatures from 950 °C to 1300 °C. Four microalloyed high-carbon steels having 0.8 %wt C were examined in which three of them had varying Nb concentrations from 0.005 wt% to 0.02 wt% and one of them had no Nb concentration. The quantitative metallographic techniques were used to measure the average prior austenite grain size in order to compare the grain growth pinning effects of Nb precipitates as a function of reheating temperature. Due to the higher stability of the precipitates with increasing Nb concentrations, the grain coarsening temperature that resulted in inefficient grain growth impediment and a bimodal grain distribution in the microstructure, showed an increase with increasing Nb concentration. The respective grain coarsening temperatures (T_GC) in an ascending order for the steels having 0.005 wt% Nb, 0.01 wt% Nb and 0.02 wt% Nb were 950 °C, 1050 °C and 1150 °C. According to these observed grain coarsening temperatures, an approximation was made considering the complete dissolution temperature (T_DISS) of second phase particles as T_GC=T_DISS-300. On the other hand, the plain carbon steel did not show abnormal grain growth behaviour due to the absence of second phase particles. It was also observed that the higher the Nb concentration, the smaller the average prior austenite grain size although the small increments in Nb concenration did not change the average grain size considerably. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalloyed%20steels" title="microalloyed steels">microalloyed steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prior%20austenite%20grains" title=" prior austenite grains"> prior austenite grains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20phase%20particles" title=" second phase particles"> second phase particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20coarsening%20temperature" title=" grain coarsening temperature"> grain coarsening temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50132/grain-growth-behavior-of-high-carbon-microalloyed-steels-containing-very-low-amounts-of-niobium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21868</span> Experimental and Finite Element Forming Limit Diagrams for Interstitial Free Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basavaraj%20Vadavadagi">Basavaraj Vadavadagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satishkumar%20Shekhawat"> Satishkumar Shekhawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interstitial free steels posses better formability and have many applications in automotive industries. Forming limit diagrams (FLDs) indicate the formability of materials which can be determined by experimental and finite element (FE) simulations. FLDs were determined experimentally by LDH test, utilizing optical strain measurement system for measuring the strains in different width specimens and by FE simulations in Interstitial Free (IF) and Interstitial Free High Strength (IFHS) steels. In this study, the experimental and FE simulated FLDs are compared and also the stress based FLDs were investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forming%20limit%20diagram" title="forming limit diagram">forming limit diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limiting%20dome%20height" title=" limiting dome height"> limiting dome height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20strain%20measurement" title=" optical strain measurement"> optical strain measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interstitial" title=" interstitial"> interstitial</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3534/experimental-and-finite-element-forming-limit-diagrams-for-interstitial-free-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21867</span> The Austenite Role in Duplex Stainless Steel Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farej%20Ahmed%20Emhmmed%20Alhegagi">Farej Ahmed Emhmmed Alhegagi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Duplex stainless steels are attractive material for apparatus working with sea water, petroleum, refineries, chemical plants,vessels, and pipes operating at high temperatures and/or pressures. The role of austenite phase in duplex stainless steels performance was investigated. Zeron 100, stainless steels with 50/50 ferrite / austenite %, specimens were tested for strength, toughness, embrittlement susceptibility, and assisted environmental cracking (AEC) resistance. Specimens were heat treated at 475°C for different times and loaded to well- selected values of load. The load values were chosen to be within the range of higher / lower than the expected toughness. Sodium chloride solution 3.5wt% environment with polarity of -900mV / SCE was used to investigate the material susceptibility to (AEC). Results showed important effect of austenite on specimens overall mechanical properties. Strength was affected by the ductile nature of austenite phase leading to plastic deformation accommodated by austenite slip system. Austenite embrittlement, either by decomposition or nucleation and growth process, was not observed to take place during specimens heat treatment. Cracking due to (AEC) took place in the ferrite grains and avoided the austenite phase. Specimens showed the austenite to act as a crack arrestor during (AEC) of duplex stainless steels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=austenite%20phase" title="austenite phase">austenite phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embrittlement%20susceptibility" title=" embrittlement susceptibility"> embrittlement susceptibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duplex%20stainless%20steels" title=" duplex stainless steels"> duplex stainless steels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33093/the-austenite-role-in-duplex-stainless-steel-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21866</span> Modeling of Nitrogen Solubility in Stainless Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Ghali">Saeed Ghali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20El-Faramawy"> Hoda El-Faramawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamdouh%20Eissa"> Mamdouh Eissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Mishreky"> Michael Mishreky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scale-resistant austenitic stainless steel, X45CrNiW 18-9, has been developed, and modified steels produced through partial and total nickel replacement by nitrogen. These modified steels were produced in a 10 kg induction furnace under different nitrogen pressures and were cast into ingots. The produced modified stainless steels were forged, followed by air cooling. The phases of modified stainless steels have been investigated using the Schaeffler diagram, dilatometer, and microstructure observations. Both partial and total replacement of nickel using 0.33-0.50% nitrogen are effective in producing fully austenitic stainless steels. The nitrogen contents were determined and compared with those calculated using the Institute of Metal Science (IMS) equation. The results showed great deviations between the actual nitrogen contents and predicted values through IMS equation. So, an equation has been derived based on chemical composition, pressure, and temperature at 1600oC. [N%] = 0.0078 + 0.0406*X, where X is a function of chemical composition and nitrogen pressure. The derived equation has been used to calculate the nitrogen content of different steels using published data. The results reveal the difficulty of deriving a general equation for the prediction of nitrogen content covering different steel compositions. So, it is necessary to use a narrow composition range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solubility" title="solubility">solubility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen" title=" nitrogen"> nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schaeffler" title=" Schaeffler"> Schaeffler</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155322/modeling-of-nitrogen-solubility-in-stainless-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21865</span> An Experimental Modeling of Steel Surfaces Wear in Injection of Plastic Materials with SGF</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Capitanu">L. Capitanu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Floresci"> V. Floresci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20L.%20Badita"> L. L. Badita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Starting from the idea that the greatest pressure and velocity of composite melted is in the die nozzle, was an experimental nozzle with wear samples of sizes and weights which can be measured with precision as good. For a larger accuracy of measurements, we used a method for radiometric measuring, extremely accurate. Different nitriding steels have been studied as nitriding treatments, as well as some special steels and alloyed steels. Besides these, there have been preliminary attempts made to describe and checking corrosive action of thermoplastics on metals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastics" title="plastics">plastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites%20with%20short%20glass%20fibres" title=" composites with short glass fibres"> composites with short glass fibres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moulding" title=" moulding"> moulding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20modelling" title=" experimental modelling"> experimental modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20fibres%20content%20influence" title=" glass fibres content influence"> glass fibres content influence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47299/an-experimental-modeling-of-steel-surfaces-wear-in-injection-of-plastic-materials-with-sgf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21864</span> Thermal Fatigue Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Ho%20Moon">Jung-Ho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Continually increasing working temperature and growing need for greater efficiency and reliability of automotive exhaust require systematic investigation into the thermal fatigue properties especially of high temperature stainless steels. In this study, thermal fatigue properties of 300 series austenitic stainless steels have been evaluated in the temperature ranges of 200-800°C and 200-900°C. Systematic methods for control of temperatures within the predetermined range and measurement of load applied to specimens as a function of temperature during thermal cycles have been established. Thermal fatigue tests were conducted under fully constrained condition, where both ends of specimens were completely fixed. Load relaxation behavior at the temperatures of thermal cycle was closely related with the thermal fatigue property. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=austenitic%20stainless%20steel" title="austenitic stainless steel">austenitic stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automotive%20exhaust" title=" automotive exhaust"> automotive exhaust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20fatigue" title=" thermal fatigue"> thermal fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20relaxation" title=" load relaxation"> load relaxation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9692/thermal-fatigue-behavior-of-austenitic-stainless-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21863</span> Micro-Scale Digital Image Correlation-Driven Finite Element Simulations of Deformation and Damage Initiation in Advanced High Strength Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asim%20Alsharif">Asim Alsharif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christophe%20Pinna"> Christophe Pinna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Ghadbeigi"> Hassan Ghadbeigi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of next-generation advanced high strength steels (AHSS) used in the automotive industry requires a better understanding of local deformation and damage development at the scale of their microstructures. This work is focused on dual-phase DP1000 steels and involves micro-mechanical tensile testing inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with digital image correlation (DIC) to quantify the heterogeneity of deformation in both ferrite and martensite and its evolution up to fracture. Natural features of the microstructure are used for the correlation carried out using Davis LaVision software. Strain localization is observed in both phases with tensile strain values up to 130% and 110% recorded in ferrite and martensite respectively just before final fracture. Damage initiation sites have been observed during deformation in martensite but could not be correlated to local strain values. A finite element (FE) model of the microstructure has then been developed using Abaqus to map stress distributions over representative areas of the microstructure by forcing the model to deform as in the experiment using DIC-measured displacement maps as boundary conditions. A MATLAB code has been developed to automatically mesh the microstructure from SEM images and to map displacement vectors from DIC onto the FE mesh. Results show a correlation of damage initiation at the interface between ferrite and martensite with local principal stress values of about 1700MPa in the martensite phase. Damage in ferrite is now being investigated, and results are expected to bring new insight into damage development in DP steels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20high%20strength%20steels" title="advanced high strength steels">advanced high strength steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20image%20correlation" title=" digital image correlation"> digital image correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20modelling" title=" finite element modelling"> finite element modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-mechanical%20testing" title=" micro-mechanical testing"> micro-mechanical testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107221/micro-scale-digital-image-correlation-driven-finite-element-simulations-of-deformation-and-damage-initiation-in-advanced-high-strength-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21862</span> The Effect of Austenitization Conditioning on the Mechanical Properties of Cr-Mo-V Hot Work Tool Steel with Different Nitrogen Addition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iting%20Chiang">Iting Chiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Yu%20Wei"> Cheng-Yu Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Teng%20Kuo"> Chin-Teng Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Po-Sheng%20Hsu"> Po-Sheng Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yo-Lun%20Yang"> Yo-Lun Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung-Chang%20Kang"> Yung-Chang Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Chon%20Chen"> Chien-Chon Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Yuan%20Chen"> Chih-Yuan Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, it is reported that microalloying of nitrogen atoms within traditional Cr-Mo-V hot work tool steels can achieve better high temperature mechanical properties, which thus leads to such metallurgical approach widely utilized in the several commercial advanced hot work tool steels. Although the performance of hot work tool steel can be improved better by alloy composition design strategy, the influence of processing parameters on the mechanical property, especially on the service life of hot work tool steel, is still not fully understood yet. A longer service life of hot work tool steel can decrease the manufacturing cost effectively and thus become a research hot spot. According to several previous studies, it is generally acknowledged the service life of hot work tool steels can be increased effectively as the steels possessing higher hardness and toughness due to the formation and propagation of microcracks within the steel can be inhibited effectively. Therefore, in the present research, the designed experiments are primarily to explore the synergistic effect of nitrogen content and austenitization conditioning on the mechanical properties of hot work tool steels has been conducted and analyzed. No matter the nitrogen content, the results indicated the hardness of hot work tool steels increased as the austenitization treatment executed at higher temperature. On the other hand, an optimum toughness of hot work tool steel can be achieved as the austenitization treatment performed at a suitable temperature range. The possible explanation of such metallurgical phenomenon has been also proposed and analyzed in the present research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20work%20tool%20steel" title="hot work tool steel">hot work tool steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cr-Mo-V" title=" Cr-Mo-V"> Cr-Mo-V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toughness" title=" toughness"> toughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEM" title=" TEM"> TEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176209/the-effect-of-austenitization-conditioning-on-the-mechanical-properties-of-cr-mo-v-hot-work-tool-steel-with-different-nitrogen-addition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21861</span> The Effects of Gas Metal Arc Welding Parameters on the Corrosion Behaviour of Austenitic Stainless Steel Immersed in Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20M.%20B.%20Omiogbemi">I. M. B. Omiogbemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20S.%20Yawas"> D. S. Yawas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20M.%20Dagwa"> I. M. Dagwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20G.%20Okibe"> F. G. Okibe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work present the effects of some gas metal arc welding parameters on the corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steel, exposed to 0.5M sodium hydroxide at ambient temperatures (298K) using conventional weight loss determination, together with surface morphology evaluation by scanning electron microscopy and the application of factorial design of experiment to determine welding conditions which enhance the integrity of the welded stainless steel. The welding variables evaluated include speed, voltage and current. Different samples of the welded stainless steels were immersed in the corrosion environment for 8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 days and weight loss determined. From the results, it was found that increase in welding current and speed at constant voltage gave the optimum performance of the austenitic stainless steel in the environment. At a of speed 40cm/min, 110Amp current and voltage of 230 volt the welded stainless steel showed only a 0.0015mg loss in weight after 40 days. Pit-like openings were observed on the surface of the metals indicating corrosion but were minimal at the optimum conditions. It was concluded from the research that relatively high welding speed and current at a constant voltage gives a good welded austenitic stainless steel with better integrity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welding" title="welding">welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current" title=" current"> current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed" title=" speed"> speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=austenitic%20stainless%20steel" title=" austenitic stainless steel"> austenitic stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20hydroxide" title=" sodium hydroxide"> sodium hydroxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41028/the-effects-of-gas-metal-arc-welding-parameters-on-the-corrosion-behaviour-of-austenitic-stainless-steel-immersed-in-aqueous-sodium-hydroxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21860</span> Design and Study of a Low Power High Speed 8 Transistor Based Full Adder Using Multiplexer and XOR Gates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biswarup%20Mukherjee">Biswarup Mukherjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aniruddha%20Ghoshal"> Aniruddha Ghoshal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a new technique for implementing a low power high speed full adder using 8 transistors. Full adder circuits are used comprehensively in Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). Thus it is desirable to have high speed operation for the sub components. The explored method of implementation achieves a high speed low power design for the full adder. Simulated results indicate the superior performance of the proposed technique over conventional 28 transistor CMOS full adder. Detailed comparison of simulated results for the conventional and present method of implementation is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20low%20power%20full%20adder" title="high speed low power full adder">high speed low power full adder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2-T%20MUX" title=" 2-T MUX"> 2-T MUX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-T%20XOR" title=" 3-T XOR"> 3-T XOR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=8-T%20FA" title=" 8-T FA"> 8-T FA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pass%20transistor%20logic" title=" pass transistor logic"> pass transistor logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMOS%20%28complementary%20metal%20oxide%20semiconductor%29" title=" CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)"> CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21932/design-and-study-of-a-low-power-high-speed-8-transistor-based-full-adder-using-multiplexer-and-xor-gates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21859</span> Austenite Transformation in Duplex Stainless Steels under Fast Cooling Rates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20O.%20Luengas">L. O. Luengas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20V.%20Morales"> E. V. Morales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20F.%20G.%20De%20Souza"> L. F. G. De Souza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20S.%20Bott"> I. S. Bott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Duplex Stainless Steels are well known for its good mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. However, when submitted to heating, these features can be lost since the good properties are strongly dependent on the austenite-ferrite phase ratio which has to be approximately 1:1 to keep the phase balance. In a welded joint, the transformation kinetics at the heat affected zone (HAZ) is a function of the cooling rates applied which in turn are dependent on the heat input. The HAZ is usually ferritized at these temperatures, and it has been argued that small variations of the chemical composition can play a role in the solid state transformation sequence of ferrite to austenite during cooling. The δ → γ transformation has been reported to be massive and diffusionless due to the fast cooling rate, but it is also considered a diffusion controlled transformation. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of different heat inputs on the HAZ of two duplex stainless steels UNS S32304 and S32750, obtained by physical simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duplex%20stainless%20steels" title="duplex stainless steels">duplex stainless steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HAZ" title=" HAZ"> HAZ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructural%20characterization" title=" microstructural characterization"> microstructural characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20simulation" title=" physical simulation"> physical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87241/austenite-transformation-in-duplex-stainless-steels-under-fast-cooling-rates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21858</span> Effect of Hydrogen Content and Structure in Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings on Hydrogen Permeation Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motonori%20Tamura">Motonori Tamura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The hydrogen barrier properties of the coatings of diamond-like carbon (DLC) were evaluated. Using plasma chemical vapor deposition and sputtering, DLC coatings were deposited on Type 316L stainless steels. The hydrogen permeation rate was reduced to 1/1000 or lower by the DLC coatings. The DLC coatings with high hydrogen content had high hydrogen barrier function. For hydrogen diffusion in coatings, the movement of atoms through hydrogen trap sites such as pores in coatings, and crystal defects such as dislocations, is important. The DLC coatings are amorphous, and there are both sp3 and sp2 bonds, and excess hydrogen could be found in the interstitial space and the hydrogen trap sites. In the DLC coatings with high hydrogen content, these hydrogen trap sites are likely already filled with hydrogen atoms, and the movement of new hydrogen atoms could be limited. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20permeation" title="hydrogen permeation">hydrogen permeation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steels" title=" stainless steels"> stainless steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diamond-like%20carbon" title=" diamond-like carbon"> diamond-like carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20trap%20sites" title=" hydrogen trap sites"> hydrogen trap sites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63201/effect-of-hydrogen-content-and-structure-in-diamond-like-carbon-coatings-on-hydrogen-permeation-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21857</span> Aging Effect on Mechanical Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeonho%20Moon">Jeonho Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, the effect of Si, Al, Ti, Zr, and Nb addition on the microstructure and hot workability of cast M42 tool steels, basically consisting of 1.0 C, 0.2 Mn, 3.8 Cr, 1.5 W, 8.5 Co, 9.2 Mo, and 1.0 V in weight percent has been investigated. Tool steels containing Si of 0.25 and 0.5 wt.%, Al of 0.06 and 0.12 wt.%, Ti of 0.3 wt.%, Zr of 0.3 wt.%, and Nb of 0.3wt.% were cast into ingots of 140 mm x 140 mm x 330 mm by vacuum induction melting. After solution treatment at 1150 °C for 1.5 hr followed by furnace cooling, hot rolling at 1180 °C was conducted on the ingots. Addition of titanium, zirconium and niobium was found to retard the decomposition of the eutectic carbides and result in the deterioration of hot workability of the tool steels, while addition of aluminum and silicon showed relatively well decomposed carbide structure and resulted in sound hot rolled plates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duplex%20stainless%20steel" title="duplex stainless steel">duplex stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alloying%20elements" title=" alloying elements"> alloying elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutectic%20carbides" title=" eutectic carbides"> eutectic carbides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20workability" title=" hot workability"> hot workability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34983/aging-effect-on-mechanical-behavior-of-duplex-stainless-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21856</span> Influence of Aluminium on Grain Refinement in As-Rolled Vanadium-Microalloyed Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Mark%20Banks">Kevin Mark Banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dannis%20Rorisang%20Nkarapa%20Maubane"> Dannis Rorisang Nkarapa Maubane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carel%20Coetzee"> Carel Coetzee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of aluminium content, reheating temperature, and sizing (final) strain on the as-rolled microstructure was systematically investigated in vanadium-microalloyed and C-Mn plate steels. Reheating, followed by hot rolling and air cooling simulations were performed on steels containing a range of aluminium and nitrogen contents. Natural air cooling profiles, corresponding to 6 and 20mm thick plates, were applied. The austenite and ferrite/pearlite microstructures were examined using light optical microscopy. Precipitate species and volume fraction were determined on selected specimens. No influence of aluminium content was found below 0.08% on the as-rolled grain size in all steels studied. A low Al-V-steel produced the coarsest initial austenite grain size due to AlN dissolution at low temperatures leading to abnormal grain growth. An Al-free V-N steel had the finest initial microstructure. Although the as-rolled grain size for 20mm plate was similar in all steels tested, the grain distribution was relatively mixed. The final grain size in 6mm plate was similar for most compositions; the exception was an as-cast V low N steel, where the size of the second phase was inversely proportional to the sizing strain. This was attributed to both segregation and a low VN volume fraction available for effective pinning of austenite grain boundaries during cooling. Increasing the sizing strain refined the microstructure significantly in all steels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium" title="aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20size" title=" grain size"> grain size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen" title=" nitrogen"> nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reheating" title=" reheating"> reheating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sizing%20strain" title=" sizing strain"> sizing strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel" title=" steel"> steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vanadium" title=" vanadium"> vanadium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109135/influence-of-aluminium-on-grain-refinement-in-as-rolled-vanadium-microalloyed-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21855</span> Control Methods Used to Minimize Losses in High-Speed Electrical Machines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hedar">Mohammad Hedar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents selected topics from the area of high-speed electrical machine control with a focus on loss minimization. It focuses on pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) set-up in order to minimize the inrush current peak. An overview of these machines and the control topologies that have been used with these machines are reported. The critical problem that happens when controlling a high-speed electrical motor is the high current peak in the start-up process, which will cause high power-losses. The main goal of this paper is to clarify how the inrush current peak can be minimized in the start-up process. PAM control method is proposed to use in the frequency inverter, simulation results for PAM & PWM control method, and steps to improve the PAM control are reported. The simulations were performed with data for PMSM (nominal speed: 25 000 min-1, power: 3.1 kW, load: 1.2 Nm). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20topology" title="control topology">control topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20inverter" title=" frequency inverter"> frequency inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed%20electrical%20machines" title=" high-speed electrical machines"> high-speed electrical machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAM" title=" PAM"> PAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20losses" title=" power losses"> power losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM" title=" PWM"> PWM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131889/control-methods-used-to-minimize-losses-in-high-speed-electrical-machines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20steels&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20steels&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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