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particle concentrations</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: droplets and particle concentrations"> <meta name="keywords" content="droplets and particle concentrations"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research 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method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="droplets and particle concentrations"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4323</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: droplets and particle concentrations</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4323</span> Dynamical Characteristics of Interaction between Water Droplet and Aerosol Particle in Dedusting Technology </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ding%20Jue">Ding Jue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Jiahua"> Li Jiahua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Zhidi"> Lei Zhidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weng%20Peifen"> Weng Peifen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Xiaowei"> Li Xiaowei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid development of national modern industry, people begin to pay attention to environmental pollution and harm caused by industrial dust. Based on above, a numerical study on the dedusting technology of industrial environment was conducted. The dynamic models of multicomponent particles collision and coagulation, breakage and deposition are developed, and the interaction of water droplet and aerosol particle in 2-Dimension flow field was researched by Eulerian-Lagrangian method and Multi-Monte Carlo method. The effects of the droplet scale, movement speed of droplet and the flow field structure on scavenging efficiency were analyzed. The results show that under the certain condition, 30μm of droplet has the best scavenging efficiency. At the initial speed 1m/s of droplets, droplets and aerosol particles have more time to interact, so it has a better scavenging efficiency for the particle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20droplet" title="water droplet">water droplet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosol%20particle" title=" aerosol particle"> aerosol particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collision%20and%20coagulation" title=" collision and coagulation"> collision and coagulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-monte%20carlo%20method" title=" multi-monte carlo method"> multi-monte carlo method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27344/dynamical-characteristics-of-interaction-between-water-droplet-and-aerosol-particle-in-dedusting-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4322</span> The Effect of Water Droplets Size in Fire Fighting Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tassadit%20Tabouche">Tassadit Tabouche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water sprays pattern, and water droplets size (different droplets diameter) are a key factors in the success of the suppression by water spray. The effects of the two important factors are investigated in this study. However, the fire extinguishing mechanism in such devices is not well understood due to the complexity of the physical and chemical interactions between water spray and fire plume. in this study, 3D, unsteady, two phase flow CFD simulation approach is introduced to provide a quantitative analysis of the complex interactions occurring between water spray and fire plume. Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model (DPM) was used for water droplets and a global one-step reaction mechanism in combustion model was used for fire plume. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplets" title="droplets">droplets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20spray" title=" water spray"> water spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20droplets%20size" title=" water droplets size"> water droplets size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D" title=" 3D"> 3D</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7533/the-effect-of-water-droplets-size-in-fire-fighting-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4321</span> Observation of the Flow Behavior for a Rising Droplet in a Mini-Slot</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Soltani">H. Soltani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Hadfield"> J. Hadfield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Redmond"> M. Redmond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20S.%20Nobes"> D. S. Nobes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The passage of oil droplets through a vertical mini-slot were investigated in this study. Oil-in-water emulsion can undergo coalescence of finer oil droplets forming droplets of a size that need to be considered individually. This occurs in a number of industrial processes and has important consequences at a scale where both body and surfaces forces are relevant. In the study, two droplet diameters of smaller than the slot width and a relatively larger diameter where the oil droplet can interact directly with the slot wall were generated. To monitor fluid motion, a particle shadow velocimetry (PSV) imaging technique was used to study fluid flow motion inside and around a single oil droplet rising in a net co-flow. The droplet was a transparent canola oil and the surrounding working fluid was glycerol, adjusted to allow a matching of refractive index between the two fluids. Particles seeded in both fluids were observed with the PSV system allowing the capture of the velocity field both within the droplet and in the surrounds. The effect of droplet size on the droplet internal circulation was observed. Part of the study was related the potential generation of flow structures, such as von Karman vortex shedding already observed in rising droplets in infinite reservoirs and their interaction with the mini-channel. Results show that two counter-rotating vortices exist inside the droplets as they pass through slot. The vorticity map analysis shows that the droplet of relatively larger size has a stronger internal circulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rising%20droplet" title="rising droplet">rising droplet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20orifice" title=" rectangular orifice"> rectangular orifice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20shadow%20velocimetry" title=" particle shadow velocimetry"> particle shadow velocimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=match%20refractive%20index" title=" match refractive index"> match refractive index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59627/observation-of-the-flow-behavior-for-a-rising-droplet-in-a-mini-slot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4320</span> Deformation of Particle-Laden Droplet in Viscous Liquid under DC Electric Fields</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khobaib%20Khobaib">Khobaib Khobaib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Mikkelsen"> Alexander Mikkelsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zbigniew%20Rozynek"> Zbigniew Rozynek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electric fields have proven useful for inducing droplet deformation and to structure particles adsorbed at droplet interfaces. In this experimental research, direct current electric fields were applied to deform particle-covered droplets made out of silicone oil and immersed in castor oil. The viscosity of the drop and surrounding fluid were changed by external heating. We designed an experimental system in such a way that electric field-induced electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flows were asymmetric and only present on one side of the drop, i.e., the droplet adjoined a washer and adhered to one of the electrodes constituting the sample cell. The study investigated the influence of viscosity on the steady-state deformation magnitude of particle-laden droplets, droplet compression, and relaxation, as well as particle arrangements at drop interfaces. Initially, before the application of an electric field, we changed the viscosity of the fluids by heating the sample cell at different temperatures. The viscosity of the fluids was varied by changing the temperature of the fluids from 25 to 50°C. Under the application of a uniform electric field of strength 290 Vmm⁻¹, electric stress was induced at the drop interface, yielding drop deformation. In our study, we found that by lowering the fluid viscosity, the velocity of the EHD flows was increased, which also increases the deformation of the drop. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drop%20deformation%20and%20relaxation" title="drop deformation and relaxation">drop deformation and relaxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20field" title=" electric field"> electric field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrohydrodynamic%20flow" title=" electrohydrodynamic flow"> electrohydrodynamic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20assembly" title=" particle assembly"> particle assembly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94038/deformation-of-particle-laden-droplet-in-viscous-liquid-under-dc-electric-fields" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4319</span> Poly (L-Lysine)-Coated Liquid Crystal Droplets for Sensitive Detection of DNA and Its Applications in Controlled Release of Drug Molecules</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indu%20Verma">Indu Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santanu%20Kumar%20Pal"> Santanu Kumar Pal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interactions between DNA and adsorbed Poly (L-lysine) (PLL) on liquid crystal (LC) droplets were investigated using polarizing optical microcopy (POM) and epi-fluorescence microscopy. Earlier, we demonstrated that adsorption of PLL to the LC/aqueous interface resulted in homeotropic orientation of the LC and thus exhibited a radial configuration of the LC confined within the droplets. Subsequent adsorption of DNA (single stranded DNA/double stranded DNA) at PLL coated LC droplets was found to trigger a LC reorientation within the droplets leading to pre-radial/bipolar configuration of those droplets. To our surprise, subsequent exposure of complementary ssDNA (c-ssDNA) to ssDNA/ adsorbed PLL modified LC droplets did not cause the LC reorientation. This is likely due to the formation of polyplexes (DNA-PLL complex) as confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, dsDNA adsorbed PLL droplets have been found to be effectively used to displace (controlled release) propidium iodide (a model drug) encapsulated within dsDNA over time. These observations suggest the potential for a label free droplet based LC detection system that can respond to DNA and may provide a simple method to develop DNA-based drug nano-carriers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20biosensor" title="DNA biosensor">DNA biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title=" drug delivery"> drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interfaces" title=" interfaces"> interfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20crystal%20droplets" title=" liquid crystal droplets"> liquid crystal droplets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81656/poly-l-lysine-coated-liquid-crystal-droplets-for-sensitive-detection-of-dna-and-its-applications-in-controlled-release-of-drug-molecules" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4318</span> Concentration of Droplets in a Transient Gas Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timur%20S.%20Zaripov">Timur S. Zaripov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artur%20K.%20Gilfanov"> Artur K. Gilfanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergei%20S.%20Sazhin"> Sergei S. Sazhin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20M.%20Begg"> Steven M. Begg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morgan%20R.%20Heikal"> Morgan R. Heikal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The calculation of the concentration of inertial droplets in complex flows is encountered in the modelling of numerous engineering and environmental phenomena; for example, fuel droplets in internal combustion engines and airborne pollutant particles. The results of recent research, focused on the development of methods for calculating concentration and their implementation in the commercial CFD code, ANSYS Fluent, is presented here. The study is motivated by the investigation of the mixture preparation processes in internal combustion engines with direct injection of fuel sprays. Two methods are used in our analysis; the Fully Lagrangian method (also known as the Osiptsov method) and the Eulerian approach. The Osiptsov method predicts droplet concentrations along path lines by solving the equations for the components of the Jacobian of the Eulerian-Lagrangian transformation. This method significantly decreases the computational requirements as it does not require counting of large numbers of tracked droplets as in the case of the conventional Lagrangian approach. In the Eulerian approach the average droplet velocity is expressed as a function of the carrier phase velocity as an expansion over the droplet response time and transport equation can be solved in the Eulerian form. The advantage of the method is that droplet velocity can be found without solving additional partial differential equations for the droplet velocity field. The predictions from the two approaches were compared in the analysis of the problem of a dilute gas-droplet flow around an infinitely long, circular cylinder. The concentrations of inertial droplets, with Stokes numbers of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, in steady-state and transient laminar flow conditions, were determined at various Reynolds numbers. In the steady-state case, flows with Reynolds numbers of 1, 10, and 100 were investigated. It has been shown that the results predicted using both methods are almost identical at small Reynolds and Stokes numbers. For larger values of these numbers (Stokes — 0.1, 0.2; Reynolds — 10, 100) the Eulerian approach predicted a wider spread in concentration in the perturbations caused by the cylinder that can be attributed to the averaged droplet velocity field. The transient droplet flow case was investigated for a Reynolds number of 200. Both methods predicted a high droplet concentration in the zones of high strain rate and low concentrations in zones of high vorticity. The maxima of droplet concentration predicted by the Osiptsov method was up to two orders of magnitude greater than that predicted by the Eulerian method; a significant variation for an approach widely used in engineering applications. Based on the results of these comparisons, the Osiptsov method has resulted in a more precise description of the local properties of the inertial droplet flow. The method has been applied to the analysis of the results of experimental observations of a liquid gasoline spray at representative fuel injection pressure conditions. The preliminary results show good qualitative agreement between the predictions of the model and experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20combustion%20engines" title="internal combustion engines">internal combustion engines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eulerian%20approach" title=" Eulerian approach"> Eulerian approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fully%20Lagrangian%20approach" title=" fully Lagrangian approach"> fully Lagrangian approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasoline%20fuel%20sprays" title=" gasoline fuel sprays"> gasoline fuel sprays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplets%20and%20particle%20concentrations" title=" droplets and particle concentrations"> droplets and particle concentrations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40358/concentration-of-droplets-in-a-transient-gas-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4317</span> Numerical Simulation of Urea Water Solution Evaporation Behavior inside the Diesel Selective Catalytic Reduction System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumaresh%20Selvakumar">Kumaresh Selvakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim"> Man Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) converts the nitrogen oxides with the aid of a catalyst by adding aqueous urea into the exhaust stream. In this work, the urea water droplets are sprayed over the exhaust gases by treating with Lagrangian particle tracking. The evaporation of ammonia from a single droplet of urea water solution is investigated computationally by convection-diffusion controlled model. The conversion to ammonia due to thermolysis of urea water droplets is measured downstream at different sections using finite rate/eddy dissipation model. In this paper, the mixer installed at the upstream enhances the distribution of ammonia over the entire domain which is calculated for different time steps. Calculations are made within the respective duration such that the complete decomposition of urea is possible at a much shorter residence time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convection-diffusion%20controlled%20model" title="convection-diffusion controlled model">convection-diffusion controlled model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lagrangian%20particle%20tracking" title=" lagrangian particle tracking"> lagrangian particle tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20catalytic%20reduction" title=" selective catalytic reduction"> selective catalytic reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermolysis" title=" thermolysis"> thermolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59691/numerical-simulation-of-urea-water-solution-evaporation-behavior-inside-the-diesel-selective-catalytic-reduction-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4316</span> Study on an Integrated Real-Time Sensor in Droplet-Based Microfluidics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tien-Li%20Chang">Tien-Li Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huang-Chi%20Huang"> Huang-Chi Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao-Chi%20Chen"> Zhao-Chi Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wun-Yi%20Chen"> Wun-Yi Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The droplet-based microfluidic are used as micro-reactors for chemical and biological assays. Hence, the precise addition of reagents into the droplets is essential for this function in the scope of lab-on-a-chip applications. To obtain the characteristics (size, velocity, pressure, and frequency of production) of droplets, this study describes an integrated on-chip method of real-time signal detection. By controlling and manipulating the fluids, the flow behavior can be obtained in the droplet-based microfluidics. The detection method is used a type of infrared sensor. Through the varieties of droplets in the microfluidic devices, the real-time conditions of velocity and pressure are gained from the sensors. Here the microfluidic devices are fabricated by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). To measure the droplets, the signal acquisition of sensor and LabVIEW program control must be established in the microchannel devices. The devices can generate the different size droplets where the flow rate of oil phase is fixed 30 μl/hr and the flow rates of water phase range are from 20 μl/hr to 80 μl/hr. The experimental results demonstrate that the sensors are able to measure the time difference of droplets under the different velocity at the voltage from 0 V to 2 V. Consequently, the droplets are measured the fastest speed of 1.6 mm/s and related flow behaviors that can be helpful to develop and integrate the practical microfluidic applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidic" title="microfluidic">microfluidic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplets" title=" droplets"> droplets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensors" title=" sensors"> sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20detection" title=" single detection"> single detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24600/study-on-an-integrated-real-time-sensor-in-droplet-based-microfluidics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4315</span> An Experimental Investigation on the Droplet Behavior Impacting a Hot Surface above the Leidenfrost Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaleel%20Sami%20Hamdan">Khaleel Sami Hamdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Eok%20Kim"> Dong-Eok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Ki%20Moon"> Sang-Ki Moon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An appropriate model to predict the size of the droplets resulting from the break-up with the structures will help in a better understanding and modeling of the two-phase flow calculations in the simulation of a reactor core loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). A droplet behavior impacting on a hot surface above the Leidenfrost temperature was investigated. Droplets of known size and velocity were impacted to an inclined plate of hot temperature, and the behavior of the droplets was observed by a high-speed camera. It was found that for droplets of Weber number higher than a certain value, the higher the Weber number of the droplet the smaller the secondary droplets. The COBRA-TF model over-predicted the measured secondary droplet sizes obtained by the present experiment. A simple model for the secondary droplet size was proposed using the mass conservation equation. The maximum spreading diameter of the droplets was also compared to previous correlations and a fairly good agreement was found. A better prediction of the heat transfer in the case of LOCA can be obtained with the presented model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=break-up" title="break-up">break-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplet" title=" droplet"> droplet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20hot%20plate" title=" inclined hot plate"> inclined hot plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leidenfrost%20temperature" title=" Leidenfrost temperature"> Leidenfrost temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LOCA" title=" LOCA"> LOCA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5059/an-experimental-investigation-on-the-droplet-behavior-impacting-a-hot-surface-above-the-leidenfrost-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4314</span> Spray Nebulisation Drying: Alternative Method to Produce Microparticulated Proteins</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josef%20Drahorad">Josef Drahorad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milos%20Beran"> Milos Beran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ondrej%20Vltavsky"> Ondrej Vltavsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marian%20Urban"> Marian Urban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Fronek"> Martin Fronek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiri%20Sova"> Jiri Sova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Engineering efforts of researchers of the Food research institute Prague and the Czech Technical University in spray drying technologies led to the introduction of a demonstrator ATOMIZER and a new technology of Carbon Dioxide-Assisted Spray Nebulization Drying (CASND). The equipment combines the spray drying technology, when the liquid to be dried is atomized by a rotary atomizer, with Carbon Dioxide Assisted Nebulization - Bubble Dryer (CAN-BD) process in an original way. A solution, emulsion or suspension is saturated by carbon dioxide at pressure up to 80 bar before the drying process. The atomization process takes place in two steps. In the first step, primary droplets are produced at the outlet of the rotary atomizer of special construction. In the second step, the primary droplets are divided in secondary droplets by the CO2 expansion from the inside of primary droplets. The secondary droplets, usually in the form of microbubbles, are rapidly dried by warm air stream at temperatures up to 60ºC and solid particles are formed in a drying chamber. Powder particles are separated from the drying air stream in a high efficiency fine powder separator. The product is frequently in the form of submicron hollow spheres. The CASND technology has been used to produce microparticulated protein concentrates for human nutrition from alternative plant sources - hemp and canola seed filtration cakes. Alkali extraction was used to extract the proteins from the filtration cakes. The protein solutions after the alkali extractions were dried with the demonstrator ATOMIZER. Aerosol particle size distribution and concentration in the draying chamber were determined by two different on-line aerosol spectrometers SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) and APS (Aerodynamic Particle Sizer). The protein powders were in form of hollow spheres with average particle diameter about 600 nm. The particles were characterized by the SEM method. The functional properties of the microparticulated protein concentrates were compared with the same protein concentrates dried by the conventional spray drying process. Microparticulated protein has been proven to have improved foaming and emulsifying properties, water and oil absorption capacities and formed long-term stable water dispersions. This work was supported by the research grants TH03010019 of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide-assisted%20spray%20nebulization%20drying" title="carbon dioxide-assisted spray nebulization drying">carbon dioxide-assisted spray nebulization drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canola%20seed" title=" canola seed"> canola seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemp%20seed" title=" hemp seed"> hemp seed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microparticulated%20proteins" title=" microparticulated proteins"> microparticulated proteins</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86886/spray-nebulisation-drying-alternative-method-to-produce-microparticulated-proteins" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4313</span> Segmentation of Gray Scale Images of Dropwise Condensation on Textured Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helene%20Martin">Helene Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solmaz%20Boroomandi%20Barati"> Solmaz Boroomandi Barati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Charles%20Pinoli"> Jean-Charles Pinoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephane%20Valette"> Stephane Valette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yann%20Gavet"> Yann Gavet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work we developed an image processing algorithm to measure water droplets characteristics during dropwise condensation on pillared surfaces. The main problem in this process is the similarity between shape and size of water droplets and the pillars. The developed method divides droplets into four main groups based on their size and applies the corresponding algorithm to segment each group. These algorithms generate binary images of droplets based on both their geometrical and intensity properties. The information related to droplets evolution during time including mean radius and drops number per unit area are then extracted from the binary images. The developed image processing algorithm is verified using manual detection and applied to two different sets of images corresponding to two kinds of pillared surfaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dropwise%20condensation" title="dropwise condensation">dropwise condensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textured%20surface" title=" textured surface"> textured surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watershed" title=" watershed"> watershed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77857/segmentation-of-gray-scale-images-of-dropwise-condensation-on-textured-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4312</span> Behavior of Droplets in Microfluidic System with T-Junction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Guellati">A. Guellati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F-M%20Lounis"> F-M Lounis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Guemras"> N. Guemras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Daoud"> K. Daoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Micro droplet formation is considered as a growing emerging area of research due to its wide-range application in chemistry as well as biology. The mechanism of micro droplet formation using two immiscible liquids running through a T-junction has been widely studied. We believe that the flow of these two immiscible phases can be of greater important factor that could have an impact on out-flow hydrodynamic behavior, the droplets generated and the size of the droplets. In this study, the type of the capillary tubes used also represents another important factor that can have an impact on the generation of micro droplets. The tygon capillary tubing with hydrophilic inner surface doesn't allow regular out-flows due to the fact that the continuous phase doesn't adhere to the wall of the capillary inner surface. Teflon capillary tubing, presents better wettability than tygon tubing, and allows to obtain steady and regular regimes of out-flow, and the micro droplets are homogeneoussize. The size of the droplets is directly dependent on the flows of the continuous and dispersed phases. Thus, as increasing the flow of the continuous phase, to flow of the dispersed phase stationary, the size of the drops decreases. Inversely, while increasing the flow of the dispersed phase, to flow of the continuous phase stationary, the size of the droplet increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidic%20system" title="microfluidic system">microfluidic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20droplets%20generation" title=" micro droplets generation"> micro droplets generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=t-junction" title=" t-junction"> t-junction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluids%20engineering" title=" fluids engineering"> fluids engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7208/behavior-of-droplets-in-microfluidic-system-with-t-junction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4311</span> Impact of Ship Traffic to PM 2.5 and Particle Number Concentrations in Three Port-Cities of the Adriatic/Ionian Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniele%20Contini">Daniele Contini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Donateo"> Antonio Donateo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Gambaro"> Andrea Gambaro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athanasios%20Argiriou"> Athanasios Argiriou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrios%20Melas"> Dimitrios Melas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniela%20Cesari"> Daniela Cesari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anastasia%20Poupkou"> Anastasia Poupkou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athanasios%20Karagiannidis"> Athanasios Karagiannidis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apostolos%20Tsakis"> Apostolos Tsakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eva%20Merico"> Eva Merico</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20Cesari"> Rita Cesari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adelaide%20Dinoi"> Adelaide Dinoi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emissions of atmospheric pollutants from ships and harbour activities are a growing concern at International level given their potential impacts on air quality and climate. These close-to-land emissions have potential impact on local communities in terms of air quality and health. Recent studies show that the impact of maritime traffic to atmospheric particulate matter concentrations in several coastal urban areas is comparable with the impact of road traffic of a medium size town. However, several different approaches have been used for these estimates making difficult a direct comparison of results. In this work an integrated approach based on emission inventories and dedicated measurement campaigns has been applied to give a comparable estimate of the impact of maritime traffic to PM2.5 and particle number concentrations in three major harbours of the Adriatic/Ionian Seas. The influences of local meteorology and of the logistic layout of the harbours are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ship%20emissions" title="ship emissions">ship emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM2.5" title=" PM2.5"> PM2.5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20number%20concentrations" title=" particle number concentrations"> particle number concentrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20of%20shipping%20to%20atmospheric%20aerosol" title=" impact of shipping to atmospheric aerosol"> impact of shipping to atmospheric aerosol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18334/impact-of-ship-traffic-to-pm-25-and-particle-number-concentrations-in-three-port-cities-of-the-adriaticionian-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">753</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4310</span> Flotation Recovery of Gold-Loaded Fine Activated Carbon Using Emulsified Diesel and Kerosene as Collectors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Jr.%20Ballad">Emmanuel Jr. Ballad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herman%20Mendoza"> Herman Mendoza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recovery of fine activated carbon with adsorbed gold in the cyanidation tailings of a small-scale gold plant was investigated due to the high amount of gold present. In the study, collectors that were used are kerosene and diesel. Emulsification of the oils was done to improve its collecting property, thus also the recovery. It was found out that the best hydrophile lypophile balance (HLB) of emulsified diesel and kerosene oil is 13 and 12 respectively. The amount of surfactants (SPAN 20 and TWEEN 20) for the best stability of the emulsified oils was found to be 10% in both kerosene and diesel. Optical microscopy showed that the oil dispersion in the water forms spherical droplets like features. The higher the stability, the smaller the droplets and their number were increasing. The smaller droplets indicate better dispersion of oil in the water. Consequently, it will have a greater chance of oil and activated carbon particle interaction during flotation. Due to the interaction of dispersed oil phase with carbon, the hydrophobicity of the carbon will be improved and will be attached to the bubble. Thus, flotation recovery will be increased. Results showed that the recovery of the fine activated carbon using emulsified diesel or kerosene is three times more effective than using pure diesel or kerosene. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsified%20oils" title="emulsified oils">emulsified oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flotation" title=" flotation"> flotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophile%20lyophile%20balance" title=" hydrophile lyophile balance"> hydrophile lyophile balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-ionic%20surfactants" title=" non-ionic surfactants"> non-ionic surfactants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68257/flotation-recovery-of-gold-loaded-fine-activated-carbon-using-emulsified-diesel-and-kerosene-as-collectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4309</span> Modelling of Heating and Evaporation of Biodiesel Fuel Droplets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansour%20Al%20Qubeissi">Mansour Al Qubeissi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergei%20S.%20Sazhin"> Sergei S. Sazhin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyril%20Crua"> Cyril Crua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morgan%20R.%20Heikal"> Morgan R. Heikal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the application of the Discrete Component Model for heating and evaporation to multi-component biodiesel fuel droplets in direct injection internal combustion engines. This model takes into account the effects of temperature gradient, recirculation and species diffusion inside droplets. A distinctive feature of the model used in the analysis is that it is based on the analytical solutions to the temperature and species diffusion equations inside the droplets. Nineteen types of biodiesel fuels are considered. It is shown that a simplistic model, based on the approximation of biodiesel fuel by a single component or ignoring the diffusion of components of biodiesel fuel, leads to noticeable errors in predicted droplet evaporation time and time evolution of droplet surface temperature and radius. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%2Fmass%20transfer" title="heat/mass transfer">heat/mass transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-component%20fuel" title=" multi-component fuel"> multi-component fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplet" title=" droplet"> droplet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19140/modelling-of-heating-and-evaporation-of-biodiesel-fuel-droplets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4308</span> Phasor Measurement Unit Based on Particle Filtering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rithvik%20Reddy%20Adapa">Rithvik Reddy Adapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Wang"> Xin Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are very sophisticated measuring devices that find amplitude, phase and frequency of various voltages and currents in a power system. Particle filter is a state estimation technique that uses Bayesian inference. Particle filters are widely used in pose estimation and indoor navigation and are very reliable. This paper studies and compares four different particle filters as PMUs namely, generic particle filter (GPF), genetic algorithm particle filter (GAPF), particle swarm optimization particle filter (PSOPF) and adaptive particle filter (APF). Two different test signals are used to test the performance of the filters in terms of responsiveness and correctness of the estimates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phasor%20measurement%20unit" title="phasor measurement unit">phasor measurement unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20filter" title=" particle filter"> particle filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimisation" title=" particle swarm optimisation"> particle swarm optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20estimation" title=" state estimation"> state estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194127/phasor-measurement-unit-based-on-particle-filtering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">8</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4307</span> Formation of Microcapsules in Microchannel through Droplet Merging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Danish%20Eqbal">Md. Danish Eqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkat%20Gundabala"> Venkat Gundabala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microparticles and microcapsules are basically used as a carrier for cells, tissues, drugs, and chemicals. Due to its biocompatibility, non-toxicity and biodegradability, alginate based microparticles have numerous applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, organ repair and transplantation, etc. The production of uniform monodispersed microparticles was a challenge for the past few decades. However, emergence of microfluidics has provided controlled methods for the generation of the uniform monodispersed microparticles. In this work, we present a successful method for the generation of both microparticles and microcapsules (single and double core) using merging approach of two droplets, completely inside the microfluidic device. We have fabricated hybrid glass- PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) based microfluidic device which has coflow geometry as well as the T junction channel. Coflow is used to generate the single as well as double oil-alginate emulsion in oil and T junction helps to form the calcium chloride droplets in oil. The basic idea is to match the frequency of the alginate droplets and calcium chloride droplets perfectly for controlled generation. Using the merging of droplets technique, we have successfully generated the microparticles and the microcapsules having single core as well as double and multiple cores. The cores in the microcapsules are very stable, well separated from each other and very intact as seen through cross-sectional confocal images. The size and the number of the cores along with the thickness of the shell can be easily controlled by controlling the flowrate of the liquids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double-core" title="double-core">double-core</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplets" title=" droplets"> droplets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcapsules" title=" microcapsules"> microcapsules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microparticles" title=" microparticles"> microparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62027/formation-of-microcapsules-in-microchannel-through-droplet-merging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4306</span> Modelling and Investigation of Phase Change Phenomena of Multiple Water Droplets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20R.%20Sultana">K. R. Sultana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Pope"> K. Pope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20S.%20Muzychka"> Y. S. Muzychka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the research of heat transfer or phase change phenomena of liquid water droplets experiences a growing interest in aircraft icing, power transmission line icing, marine icing and wind turbine icing applications. This growing interest speeding up the research from single to multiple droplet phenomena. Impingements of multiple droplets and the resulting solidification phenomena after impact on a very cold surface is computationally studied in this paper. The model used in the current study solves the flow equation, composed of energy balance and the volume fraction equations. The main aim of the study is to investigate the effects of several thermo-physical properties (density, thermal conductivity and specific heat) on droplets freezing. The outcome is examined by various important factors, for instance, liquid fraction, total freezing time, droplet temperature and total heat transfer rate in the interface region. The liquid fraction helps to understand the complete phase change phenomena during solidification. Temperature distribution and heat transfer rate help to demonstrate the overall thermal exchange behaviors between the droplets and substrate surface. Findings of this research provide an important technical achievement for ice modeling and prediction studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplets" title="droplets">droplets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermos-physical%20properties" title=" thermos-physical properties"> thermos-physical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solidification" title=" solidification"> solidification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71358/modelling-and-investigation-of-phase-change-phenomena-of-multiple-water-droplets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4305</span> Characteristics of the Particle Size Distribution and Exposure Concentrations of Nanoparticles Generated from the Laser Metal Deposition Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Hsuan%20Liu">Yu-Hsuan Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Fang%20Wang"> Ying-Fang Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of the present study are to characterize nanoparticles generated from the laser metal deposition (LMD) process and to estimate particle concentrations deposited in the head (H), that the tracheobronchial (TB) and alveolar (A) regions, respectively. The studied LMD chamber (3.6m × 3.8m × 2.9m) is installed with a robot laser metal deposition machine. Direct-reading instrument of a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS, Model 3082, TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA) was used to conduct static sampling inside the chamber for nanoparticle number concentration and particle size distribution measurements. The SMPS obtained particle number concentration at every 3 minutes, the diameter of the SMPS ranged from 11~372 nm when the aerosol and sheath flow rates were set at 0.6 and 6 L / min, respectively. The resultant size distributions were used to predict depositions of nanoparticles at the H, TB, and A regions of the respiratory tract using the UK National Radiological Protection Board’s (NRPB’s) LUDEP Software. Result that the number concentrations of nanoparticles in indoor background and LMD chamber were 4.8×10³ and 4.3×10⁵ # / cm³, respectively. However, the nanoparticles emitted from the LMD process was in the form of the uni-modal with number median diameter (NMD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) as 142nm and 1.86, respectively. The fractions of the nanoparticles deposited on the alveolar region (A: 69.8%) were higher than the other two regions of the head region (H: 10.9%), tracheobronchial region (TB: 19.3%). This study conducted static sampling to measure the nanoparticles in the LMD process, and the results show that the fraction of particles deposited on the A region was higher than the other two regions. Therefore, applying the characteristics of nanoparticles emitted from LMD process could be provided valuable scientific-based evidence for exposure assessments in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure%20assessment" title="exposure assessment">exposure assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20metal%20deposition%20process" title=" laser metal deposition process"> laser metal deposition process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title=" nanoparticle"> nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20region" title=" respiratory region"> respiratory region</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71496/characteristics-of-the-particle-size-distribution-and-exposure-concentrations-of-nanoparticles-generated-from-the-laser-metal-deposition-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4304</span> Two-Phase Flow Study of Airborne Transmission Control in Dental Practices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Zabihi">Mojtaba Zabihi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Munro"> Stephen Munro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Little"> Jonathan Little</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ri%20Li"> Ri Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20Brinkerhoff"> Joshua Brinkerhoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Kheirkhah"> Sina Kheirkhah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) identified dental workers at the highest risk of contracting COVID-19. This is because aerosol-generating procedures (AGP) during dental practices generate aerosols ( < 5µm) and droplets. These particles travel at varying speeds, in varying directions, and for varying durations. If these particles bear infectious viruses, their spreading causes airborne transmission of the virus in the dental room, exposing dentists, hygienists, dental assistants, and even other dental clinic clients to the infection risk. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of two-phase flows based on a discrete phase model (DPM) is carried out to study the spreading of aerosol and droplets in a dental room. The simulation includes momentum, heat, and mass transfers between the particles and the airflow. Two simulations are conducted and compared. One simulation focuses on the effects of room ventilation in winter and summer on the particles' travel. The other simulation focuses on the control of aerosol and droplets' spreading. A suction collector is added near the source of aerosol and droplets, creating a flow sink in order to remove the particles. The effects of the suction flow on the aerosol and droplet travel are studied. The suction flow can remove aerosols and also reduce the spreading of droplets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosols" title="aerosols">aerosols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental" title=" dental"> dental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20phase%20model" title=" discrete phase model"> discrete phase model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplets" title=" droplets"> droplets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20flow" title=" two-phase flow"> two-phase flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130160/two-phase-flow-study-of-airborne-transmission-control-in-dental-practices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4303</span> Numerical Investigation of the Flow Characteristics inside the Scrubber Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumaresh%20Selvakumar">Kumaresh Selvakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Man%20Young%20Kim"> Man Young Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wet scrubbers have found widespread use in cleaning contaminated gas streams because of their ability to remove particulates and based on the applications of scrubbing of marine engine exhaust gases by spraying sea-water. In order to examine the flow characteristics inside the scrubber, the model is designated with flow properties of hot air and water sprayer. The flow dynamics of evaporation of hot air by the injection of water droplets is the key factor considered in this paper. The flow behavior inside the scrubber was investigated from the previous works and to sum up the evaporation rate with respect to the concentration of water droplets are predicted to bring out the competent modelling. The numerical analysis using CFD facilitates in understanding the problem better and empathies the behavior of the model over its entire operating envelope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration%20of%20water%20droplets" title="concentration of water droplets">concentration of water droplets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation%20rate" title=" evaporation rate"> evaporation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scrubber" title=" scrubber"> scrubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20sprayer" title=" water sprayer"> water sprayer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21713/numerical-investigation-of-the-flow-characteristics-inside-the-scrubber-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4302</span> Heat Transfer and Trajectory Models for a Cloud of Spray over a Marine Vessel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20Dehghani">S. R. Dehghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20F.%20Naterer"> G. F. Naterer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20S.%20Muzychka"> Y. S. Muzychka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wave-impact sea spray creates many droplets which form a spray cloud traveling over marine objects same as marine vessels and offshore structures. In cold climates such as Arctic reigns, sea spray icing, which is ice accretion on cold substrates, is strongly dependent on the wave-impact sea spray. The rate of cooling of droplets affects the process of icing that can yield to dry or wet ice accretion. Trajectories of droplets determine the potential places for ice accretion. Combining two models of trajectories and heat transfer for droplets can predict the risk of ice accretion reasonably. The majority of the cooling of droplets is because of droplet evaporations. In this study, a combined model using trajectory and heat transfer evaluate the situation of a cloud of spray from the generation to impingement. The model uses some known geometry and initial information from the previous case studies. The 3D model is solved numerically using a standard numerical scheme. Droplets are generated in various size ranges from 7 mm to 0.07 mm which is a suggested range for sea spray icing. The initial temperature of droplets is considered to be the sea water temperature. Wind velocities are assumed same as that of the field observations. Evaluations are conducted using some important heading angles and wind velocities. The characteristic of size-velocity dependence is used to establish a relation between initial sizes and velocities of droplets. Time intervals are chosen properly to maintain a stable and fast numerical solution. A statistical process is conducted to evaluate the probability of expected occurrences. The medium size droplets can reach the highest heights. Very small and very large droplets are limited to lower heights. Results show that higher initial velocities create the most expanded cloud of spray. Wind velocities affect the extent of the spray cloud. The rate of droplet cooling at the start of spray formation is higher than the rest of the process. This is because of higher relative velocities and also higher temperature differences. The amount of water delivery and overall temperature for some sample surfaces over a marine vessel are calculated. Comparing results and some field observations show that the model works accurately. This model is suggested as a primary model for ice accretion on marine vessels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title="evaporation">evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20spray" title=" sea spray"> sea spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20icing" title=" marine icing"> marine icing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20solution" title=" numerical solution"> numerical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trajectory" title=" trajectory"> trajectory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61868/heat-transfer-and-trajectory-models-for-a-cloud-of-spray-over-a-marine-vessel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4301</span> Growth Performance and Critical Supersaturation of Heterogeneous Condensation for High Concentration of Insoluble Sub-Micron Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Yin">Jie Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Zhang"> Jun Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measuring the growth performance and critical supersaturation of particle group have a high reference value for constructing a supersaturated water vapor environment that can improve the removal efficiency of the high-concentration particle group. The critical supersaturation and the variation of the growth performance with supersaturation for high-concentration particles were measured by a flow cloud chamber. Findings suggest that the influence of particle concentration on the growth performance will reduce with the increase of supersaturation. Reducing residence time and increasing particle concentration have similar effects on the growth performance of the high-concentration particle group. Increasing particle concentration and shortening residence time will increase the critical supersaturation of the particle group. The critical supersaturation required to activate a high-concentration particle group is lower than that of the single-particle when the minimum particle size in the particle group is the same as that of a single particle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-micron%20particles" title="sub-micron particles">sub-micron particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20condensation" title=" heterogeneous condensation"> heterogeneous condensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20supersaturation" title=" critical supersaturation"> critical supersaturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleation" title=" nucleation"> nucleation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147194/growth-performance-and-critical-supersaturation-of-heterogeneous-condensation-for-high-concentration-of-insoluble-sub-micron-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4300</span> Mechanisms Leading to the Protective Behavior of Ethanol Vapour Drying of Probiotics </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahnaz%20Mansouri">Shahnaz Mansouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao%20Dong%20Chen"> Xiao Dong Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng%20Wai%20Woo"> Meng Wai Woo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new antisolvent vapour precipitation approach was used to make ultrafine submicron probiotic encapsulates. The approach uses ethanol vapour to precipitate submicron encapsulates within relatively large droplets. Surprisingly, the probiotics (Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus) showed relatively high survival even under destructive ethanolic conditions within the droplet. This unusual behaviour was deduced to be caused by the denaturation and aggregation of the milk protein forming an ethanolic protective matrix for the probiotics. Skim milk droplets which is rich in casein and contains naturally occurring minerals provided higher ethanolic protection when compared whey protein isolate and lactose droplets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whey" title="whey">whey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skim%20milk" title=" skim milk"> skim milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic" title=" probiotic"> probiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antisolvent" title=" antisolvent"> antisolvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitation" title=" precipitation"> precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encapsulation" title=" encapsulation"> encapsulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denaturation" title=" denaturation"> denaturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregation" title=" aggregation"> aggregation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22431/mechanisms-leading-to-the-protective-behavior-of-ethanol-vapour-drying-of-probiotics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4299</span> Particle Concentration Distribution under Idling Conditions in a Residential Underground Garage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Zhao">Yu Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinsuke%20Kato"> Shinsuke Kato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianing%20Zhao"> Jianing Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Particles exhausted from cars have an adverse impacts on human health. The study developed a three-dimensional particle dispersion numerical model including particle coagulation to simulate the particle concentration distribution under idling conditions in a residential underground garage. The simulation results demonstrate that particle disperses much faster in the vertical direction than that in horizontal direction. The enhancement of particle dispersion in the vertical direction due to the increase of cars with engine running is much stronger than that in the car exhaust direction. Particle dispersion from each pair of adjacent cars has little influence on each other in the study. Average particle concentration after 120 seconds exhaust is 1.8-4.5 times higher than the initial total particles at ambient environment. Particle pollution in the residential underground garage is severe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title="dispersion">dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idling%20conditions" title=" idling conditions"> idling conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20concentration" title=" particle concentration"> particle concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20underground%20garage" title=" residential underground garage"> residential underground garage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13929/particle-concentration-distribution-under-idling-conditions-in-a-residential-underground-garage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4298</span> Particle Migration in Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluid </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamik%20Hazra">Shamik Hazra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sushanta%20Mitra"> Sushanta Mitra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashis%20Sen"> Ashis Sen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite growing interest of microparticle manipulation in non-Newtonian fluids, combined effect of viscoelasticity and shear thinning on particle lateral position is not well understood. We performed experiments with rigid microparticles of 15 µm diamater in popular Shear thinning viscoelastic (STVE) liquid poyethylene oxide (PEO) of different molecular weights (MW) and concentrations (c), for Reynolds number (Re) < 1. Microparticles in an STVE liquid revealed four different migration regimes: original streamline (OS), bimodal (BM), centre migration (CM) and defocusing (DF), depending upon the Re and c and interplay of different forces is also elucidated. Our investigation will be helpful to select proper polymer concentration to achieve desired particle focusing inside microchannel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20migration" title="lateral migration">lateral migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microparticle" title=" microparticle"> microparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20oxide" title=" polyethylene oxide"> polyethylene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20thinning" title=" shear thinning"> shear thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscoelasticity" title=" viscoelasticity"> viscoelasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128138/particle-migration-in-shear-thinning-viscoelastic-fluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4297</span> [Keynote Talk]: Monitoring of Ultrafine Particle Number and Size Distribution at One Urban Background Site in Leicester</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarkawt%20M.%20Hama">Sarkawt M. Hama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20S.%20Monks"> Paul S. Monks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20L.%20Cordell"> Rebecca L. Cordell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Within the Joaquin project, ultrafine particles (UFP) are continuously measured at one urban background site in Leicester. The main aims are to examine the temporal and seasonal variations in UFP number concentration and size distribution in an urban environment, and to try to assess the added value of continuous UFP measurements. In addition, relations of UFP with more commonly monitored pollutants such as black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM2.5), and the lung deposited surface area(LDSA) were evaluated. The effects of meteorological conditions, particularly wind speed and direction, and also temperature on the observed distribution of ultrafine particles will be detailed. The study presents the results from an experimental investigation into the particle number concentration size distribution of UFP, BC, and NOX with measurements taken at the Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) monitoring site in Leicester. The monitoring was performed as part of the EU project JOAQUIN (Joint Air Quality Initiative) supported by the INTERREG IVB NWE program. The total number concentrations (TNC) were measured by a water-based condensation particle counter (W-CPC) (TSI model 3783), the particle number concentrations (PNC) and size distributions were measured by an ultrafine particle monitor (UFP TSI model 3031), the BC by MAAP (Thermo-5012), the NOX by NO-NO2-NOx monitor (Thermos Scientific 42i), and a Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitor (NSAM, TSI 3550) was used to measure the LDSA (reported as μm2 cm−3) corresponding to the alveolar region of the lung between November 2013 and November 2015. The average concentrations of particle number concentrations were observed in summer with lower absolute values of PNC than in winter might be related mainly to particles directly emitted by traffic and to the more favorable conditions of atmospheric dispersion. Results showed a traffic-related diurnal variation of UFP, BC, NOX and LDSA with clear morning and evening rush hour peaks on weekdays, only an evening peak at the weekends. Correlation coefficients were calculated between UFP and other pollutants (BC and NOX). The highest correlation between them was found in winter months. Overall, the results support the notion that local traffic emissions were a major contributor of the atmospheric particles pollution and a clear seasonal pattern was found, with higher values during the cold season. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size%20distribution" title="size distribution">size distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20emissions" title=" traffic emissions"> traffic emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UFP" title=" UFP"> UFP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20area" title=" urban area"> urban area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43398/keynote-talk-monitoring-of-ultrafine-particle-number-and-size-distribution-at-one-urban-background-site-in-leicester" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4296</span> Characterizing Nanoparticles Generated from the Different Working Type and the Stack Flue during 3D Printing Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai-Jui%20Kou">Kai-Jui Kou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Ling%20Shen"> Tzu-Ling Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Fang%20Wang"> Ying-Fang Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of the present study are to characterize nanoparticles generated from the different working type in 3D printing room and the stack flue during 3D printing process. The studied laboratory (10.5 m× 7.2 m × 3.2 m) with a ventilation rate of 500 m³/H is installed a 3D metal printing machine. Direct-reading instrument of a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS, Model 3082, TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA) was used to conduct static sampling for nanoparticle number concentration and particle size distribution measurements. The SMPS obtained particle number concentration at every 3 minutes, the diameter of the SMPS ranged from 11~372 nm when the aerosol and sheath flow rates were set at 0.6 and 6 L/min, respectively. The concentrations of background, printing process, clearing operation, and screening operation were performed in the laboratory. On the other hand, we also conducted nanoparticle measurement on the 3D printing machine's stack flue to understand its emission characteristics. Results show that the nanoparticles emitted from the different operation process were the same distribution in the form of the uni-modal with number median diameter (NMD) as approximately 28.3 nm to 29.6 nm. The number concentrations of nanoparticles were 2.55×10³ count/cm³ in laboratory background, 2.19×10³ count/cm³ during printing process, 2.29×10³ count/cm³ during clearing process, 3.05×10³ count/cm³ during screening process, 2.69×10³ count/cm³ in laboratory background after printing process, and 6.75×10³ outside laboratory, respectively. We found that there are no emission nanoparticles during the printing process. However, the number concentration of stack flue nanoparticles in the ongoing print is 1.13×10⁶ count/cm³, and that of the non-printing is 1.63×10⁴ count/cm³, with a NMD of 458 nm and 29.4 nm, respectively. It can be confirmed that the measured particle size belongs to easily penetrate the filter in theory during the printing process, even though the 3D printer has a high-efficiency filtration device. Therefore, it is recommended that the stack flue of the 3D printer would be equipped with an appropriate dust collection device to prevent the operators from exposing these hazardous particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title="nanoparticle">nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20emission" title=" particle emission"> particle emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title=" 3D printing"> 3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20concentration" title=" number concentration"> number concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96276/characterizing-nanoparticles-generated-from-the-different-working-type-and-the-stack-flue-during-3d-printing-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4295</span> Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Surfactant Concentrations on the Dynamics of Liquid-Liquid Interfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bamikole%20J.%20Adeyemi">Bamikole J. Adeyemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashant%20Jadhawar"> Prashant Jadhawar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lateef%20Akanji"> Lateef Akanji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Theoretically, there exist two mathematical interfaces (fluid-solid and fluid-fluid) when a liquid film is present on solid surfaces. These interfaces overlap if the mineral surface is oil-wet or mixed wet, and therefore, the effects of disjoining pressure are significant on both boundaries. Hence, dewetting is a necessary process that could detach oil from the mineral surface. However, if the thickness of the thin water film directly in contact with the surface is large enough, disjoining pressure can be thought to be zero at the liquid-liquid interface. Recent studies show that the integration of fluid-fluid interactions with fluid-rock interactions is an important step towards a holistic approach to understanding smart water effects. Experiments have shown that the brine solution can alter the micro forces at oil-water interfaces, and these ion-specific interactions lead to oil emulsion formation. The natural emulsifiers present in crude oil behave as polyelectrolytes when the oil interfaces with low salinity water. Wettability alteration caused by low salinity waterflooding during Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) process results from the activities of divalent ions. However, polyelectrolytes are said to lose their viscoelastic property with increasing cation concentrations. In this work, the influence of cation concentrations on the dynamics of viscoelastic liquid-liquid interfaces is numerically investigated. The resultant ion concentrations at the crude oil/brine interfaces were estimated using a surface complexation model. Subsequently, the ion concentration parameter is integrated into a mathematical model to describe its effects on the dynamics of a viscoelastic interfacial thin film. The film growth, stability, and rupture were measured after different time steps for three types of fluids (Newtonian, purely elastic and viscoelastic fluids). The interfacial films respond to exposure time in a similar manner with an increasing growth rate, which resulted in the formation of more droplets with time. Increased surfactant accumulation at the interface results in a higher film growth rate which leads to instability and subsequent formation of more satellite droplets. Purely elastic and viscoelastic properties limit film growth rate and consequent film stability compared to the Newtonian fluid. Therefore, low salinity and reduced concentration of the potential determining ions in injection water will lead to improved interfacial viscoelasticity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid-liquid%20interfaces" title="liquid-liquid interfaces">liquid-liquid interfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant%20concentrations" title=" surfactant concentrations"> surfactant concentrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20determining%20ions" title=" potential determining ions"> potential determining ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20oil%20mobilization" title=" residual oil mobilization"> residual oil mobilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113999/numerical-investigation-of-the-effects-of-surfactant-concentrations-on-the-dynamics-of-liquid-liquid-interfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4294</span> Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of the Reaction and Flow on the Membrane Wall of Entrained Flow Gasifier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianliang%20Xu">Jianliang Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenghua%20Dai"> Zhenghua Dai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongjie%20Shen"> Zhongjie Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haifeng%20Liu"> Haifeng Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuchen%20Wang"> Fuchen Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In an entrained flow gasifier, the combustible components are converted into the gas phase, and the mineral content is converted into ash. Most of the ash particles or droplets are deposited on the refractory or membrane wall and form a slag layer that flows down to the quenching system. The captured particle reaction process and slag flow and phase transformation play an important role in gasifier performance and safe and stable operation. The reaction characteristic of captured char particles on the molten slag had been studied by applied a high-temperature stage microscope. The gasification process of captured chars with CO2 on the slag surface was observed and recorded, compared to the original char gasification. The particle size evolution, heat transfer process are discussed, and the gasification reaction index of the capture char particle are modeled. Molten slag layer promoted the char reactivity from the analysis of reaction index, Coupled with heat transfer analysis, shrinking particle model (SPM) was applied and modified to predict the gasification time at carbon conversion of 0.9, and results showed an agreement with the experimental data. A comprehensive model with gas-particle-slag flow and reaction models was used to model the different industry gasifier. The carbon conversion information in the spatial space and slag layer surface are investigated. The slag flow characteristic, such as slag velocity, molten slag thickness, slag temperature distribution on the membrane wall and refractory brick are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=char" title="char">char</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slag" title=" slag"> slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasification" title=" gasification"> gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20reaction" title=" wall reaction"> wall reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20wall" title=" membrane wall"> membrane wall</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72708/experimental-study-and-numerical-simulation-of-the-reaction-and-flow-on-the-membrane-wall-of-entrained-flow-gasifier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplets%20and%20particle%20concentrations&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplets%20and%20particle%20concentrations&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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