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href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Elephant conversation programme of the Indian government</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Project Elephant</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Project_Elephant_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/83/Project_Elephant_logo.jpg/220px-Project_Elephant_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/83/Project_Elephant_logo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="327" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo of Project Elephant</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Elephant conservation overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">1992</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent department</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Forest_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change">Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://moef.gov.in/">https://moef.gov.in/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Wildlife of India</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg/120px-When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg/180px-When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg/240px-When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="2790" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Biodiversity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_India" title="Flora of India">Flora</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Lists</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amphibians_of_India" title="List of amphibians of India">Amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ants_of_India" title="List of ants of India">Ants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_India" title="List of birds of India">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_butterflies_of_India" title="List of butterflies of India">Butterflies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_animals_in_India" title="List of endangered animals in India">Endangered animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fishes_of_India" title="List of fishes of India">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_India" title="List of mammals of India">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_India" title="List of non-marine molluscs of India">Molluscs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_moths_of_India" title="List of moths of India">Moths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Odonata_species_of_India" title="List of Odonata species of India">Odonates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reptiles_of_South_Asia" title="List of reptiles of South Asia">Reptiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spiders_of_India" title="List of spiders of India">Spiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cicindelidae_from_India" title="List of Cicindelidae from India">Tiger beetles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_India" title="Protected areas of India">Protected areas</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India" title="Biosphere reserves of India">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_forests_of_India" title="Communal forests of India">Communal forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_areas_of_India" title="Conservation areas of India">Conservation areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_reserves_and_community_reserves_of_India" title="Conservation reserves and community reserves of India">Conservation and community reserves</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Elephant_reserves">Elephant reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_protected_areas_of_India" title="Private protected areas of India">Private protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_India" title="List of Ramsar sites in India">Ramsar Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_forests_and_protected_forests_of_India" title="Reserved forests and protected forests of India">Reserved and protected forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_reserves_of_India" title="Tiger reserves of India">Tiger reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife sanctuaries of India">Wildlife sanctuaries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_India" title="Conservation in India">Conservation</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <dl><dd><b>Projects</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah_reintroduction_in_India" title="Cheetah reintroduction in India">Cheetah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Dolphin_(India)" title="Project Dolphin (India)">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Tiger" title="Project Tiger">Tiger</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Acts of Parliament</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Forest_Act,_1927" title="Indian Forest Act, 1927">Indian Forest Act 1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Life_(Protection)_Act,_1972" title="Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972">Wildlife Protection Act 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Life_(Protection)_Amendment_Act,_2002" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2002">Wildlife Protection Act 2002</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <dl><dd><b>National</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forests_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)">Ministry of Environment and Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Authority" title="National Biodiversity Authority">National Biodiversity Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Forest_Genetics_and_Tree_Breeding" title="Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding">Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Forestry_Research_and_Education" title="Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education">Council of Forestry Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Forest_Service" title="Indian Forest Service">Indian Forest Service</a> / <a href="/wiki/Forest_Survey_of_India" title="Forest Survey of India">Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Forest_Management" title="Indian Institute of Forest Management">Institute of Forest Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Institute_of_India" title="Wildlife Institute of India">Wildlife Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Tiger_Conservation_Authority" title="National Tiger Conservation Authority">Tiger Conservation Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Zoo_Authority" title="Central Zoo Authority">Zoo Authority</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>International</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Zoo_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Zoo Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Zoo Association (SAZARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Animal_Protection" title="World Animal Protection">World Animal Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Association_of_Zoos_and_Aquariums" title="World Association of Zoos and Aquariums">World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_parks_in_India" title="Fossil parks in India">Fossil parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_India" title="Forestry in India">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_natural_history" title="Indian natural history">Natural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Lists</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_India" title="List of botanical gardens in India">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_India" title="List of zoos in India">Zoological gardens</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Wildlife population</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_elephant_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian states by elephant population">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_tiger_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian states by tiger population">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_wildlife_population" title="List of Indian states by wildlife population">Wildlife</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wildlife_of_India" title="Template:Wildlife of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wildlife_of_India" title="Template talk:Wildlife of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wildlife_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wildlife of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Project Elephant</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_conservation" title="Wildlife conservation">wildlife conservation</a> movement initiated in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> to protect the <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a>. The project was initiated in 1992 by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Forest_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change">Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> to provide financial and technical support to the states for <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_management" title="Wildlife management">wildlife management</a> of free-ranging elephant populations. The project aims to ensure the long-term survival and viability of elephant populations in their natural habitats by protecting the animals, their habitats and <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_corridor" title="Wildlife corridor">migration corridors</a>. The project also facilitates research of ecology and management of elephants, creating awareness of conservation among local people, and providing veterinary care for captive elephants. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_objectives">History and objectives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Elephant&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and objectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Project Elephant was initiated in 1992 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Forest_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change">Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. The project was initiated to protect the <a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a> and its habitats and to establish dedicated elephant reserves for sustaining elephant populations.<sup id="cite_ref-PE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was established to provide financial and technical support to the states with free ranging elephant population for the protection of the animals, their habitats and <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_corridor" title="Wildlife corridor">migration corridors</a>. It was also intended to address <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93wildlife_conflict" title="Human–wildlife conflict">human-animal conflict</a> and promote welfare of captive elephants.<sup id="cite_ref-ENVIS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENVIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project has been implemented in 22 <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories of India</a>. The project also undertakes activities aimed at constructing infrastructure and other facilities for conservation like veterinary care, field force training, necessary capture and translocation of wild elephants. With regards to captive elephants, the project aims to ensure the well being of such elephants including providing veterinary care, training of mahouts and supervisory staff.<sup id="cite_ref-PE_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beautiful_Corbett_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Beautiful_Corbett_Park.jpg/220px-Beautiful_Corbett_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Beautiful_Corbett_Park.jpg/330px-Beautiful_Corbett_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Beautiful_Corbett_Park.jpg/440px-Beautiful_Corbett_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>Pictured are elephant herds from <a href="/wiki/Jim_Corbett_National_Park" title="Jim Corbett National Park">Jim Corbett National Park</a> in India</figcaption></figure> <p>Another important aim of the scheme is to prevent <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> of wild elephants. Project Elephant has been formally implementing MIKE (Monitoring of Illegal Killing of Elephants) programme of <a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a> since January 2004. It facilitates taking suitable measures like deployment of patrolling squads, intelligence gathering, maintaining data on illegal hunting and to determine factors responsible for poaching and to take appropriate measures to mitigate the same.<sup id="cite_ref-PE_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Project Elephant also facilitates various research activities through the <a href="/wiki/Central_Rice_Research_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Rice Research Institute">Central Rice Research Institute</a> (CRRI) such as developing crop varieties not favored by elephants, developing elephant-proof storage bins for food grains and developing elephant repellents in order to reduce human-animal conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-PE2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PE2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also engaged in research regarding disease-management in captive elephants and efficacy of immuno-contraceptives on domesticated elephants with <a href="/wiki/Assam_Agricultural_University" title="Assam Agricultural University">Assam Agricultural University</a>, monitoring and tracking of elephants with <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Institute_of_India" title="Wildlife Institute of India">Wildlife Institute of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PE2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PE2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Project Elephant also promotes <a href="/wiki/Eco-tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Eco-tourism">eco-tourism</a> for generating extra revenue for the welfare of captive breeding programmes for elephants, organizes courses for veterinarians and mahouts dealing with domesticated elephants and in promoting awareness on elephant conservation across communities.<sup id="cite_ref-PE2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PE2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elephant_population">Elephant population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Elephant&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Elephant population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_elephant_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian states by elephant population">List of Indian states by elephant population</a></div> <p>The first exclusive exercise for enumeration of wild elephants in the elephant reserves was conducted in 2005. This exercise also sought to experiment with two sampling methods, viz. <a href="/wiki/Blocking_(statistics)" title="Blocking (statistics)">Block sampling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Line-intercept_sampling" title="Line-intercept sampling">Line transect</a>-Dung Count. As of the last elephant count in 2017, the population of wild elephants in the country has increased to 29,964 as compared to 27,669-27,719 in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-PE_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2017, the estimated wild population in India account for nearly three-fourths of the extant population.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are about 138 identified elephant corridors in India with the majority of the elephant population in India is restricted to four general areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Sukumar_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sukumar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Elephant corridors in India </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Region </th> <th>Areas </th> <th>Corridors </th> <th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Elephant population (2017) </th> <th>Percentage of elephant population <br /> (2017) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">North-East</a> </td> <td>From the eastern border of Nepal in northern <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> through western <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> along the Himalaya foothills as far as the <a href="/wiki/Mishmi_Hills" title="Mishmi Hills">Mishmi Hills</a>, extending into eastern <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a>, the plains of upper Assam, and the foothills of <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo Hills</a> of <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills" title="Khasi Hills">Khasi Hills</a>, to parts of the lower <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_River" title="Brahmaputra River">Brahmaputra</a> plains and <a href="/wiki/Karbi_Anglong_plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbi Anglong plateau">Karbi Plateau</a>; isolated herds occur in <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Barak_Valley" title="Barak Valley">Barak Valley</a> districts of Assam </td> <td>58 </td> <td>41,000 </td> <td>10,139 </td> <td>33.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East</a> </td> <td>In <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>, and in the southern part of <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, with some animals wandering into <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a> </td> <td>54 </td> <td>23,500 </td> <td>3,128 </td> <td>10.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North</a> </td> <td>At the foot of the Himalayas in <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Katarniaghat_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary">Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Yamuna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamuna River">Yamuna River</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>5,500 </td> <td>2,085 </td> <td>7.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South</a> </td> <td>Eight populations are fragmented from each other in northern <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, in the crestline of Karnataka–<a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Bhadra_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary">Bhadra</a>–<a href="/wiki/Malnad" class="mw-redirect" title="Malnad">Malnad</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Brahmagiri_(hill)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmagiri (hill)">Brahmagiri</a>–<a href="/wiki/Nilgiris" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilgiris">Nilgiris</a>–<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Nilambur" title="Nilambur">Nilambur</a>–<a href="/wiki/Silent_Valley_National_Park" title="Silent Valley National Park">Silent Valley</a>–<a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Anamalai" class="mw-redirect" title="Anamalai">Anamalai</a>–<a href="/wiki/Parambikulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Parambikulam">Parambikulam</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Periyar_National_Park" title="Periyar National Park">Periyar</a>–<a href="/wiki/Srivilliputhur" title="Srivilliputhur">Srivilliputhur</a>, and one in <a href="/wiki/Agasthyamalai" class="mw-redirect" title="Agasthyamalai">Agasthyamalai</a> </td> <td>46 </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td>14,612 </td> <td>48.8% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elephant_reserves">Elephant reserves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Elephant&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Elephant reserves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2023, 33 Elephant Reserves (ERs) extending nearly 80,778 square kilometres (31,189 sq mi) across 14 states have been formally notified.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1233514072">.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tr::before{content:"";display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right;vertical-align:inherit}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.static-row-numbers-left tr::before{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.static-row-numbers-center tr::before{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tbody 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tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:#aaaaaa}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:#c8ccd1}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:rgba(84,89,93,.3)}.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tr::before{border:0 inset #202122}.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tr::before,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable):not(.mw-datatable) tr::before{border-color:#000000}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) tr::before{border:0 solid #c8ccd1}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-left-width:1px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable thead tr:first-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable caption+tbody tr:first-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody:first-child tr:first-child::before{border-top-width:1px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody tr:last-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tfoot tr:last-child::before{border-bottom-width:1px}}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text"> <caption>Elephant reserves in India (2023) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Reserve Name</th> <th>Range</th> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Established">Estd.</span></th> <th>State</th> <th>Total area <br /> (km²)</th> <th>Population <br /> (2005) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mayurjharna_Elephant_Reserve" title="Mayurjharna Elephant Reserve">Mayurjharna</a></td> <td>East-Central</td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></td> <td>414</td> <td>96 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Singhbhum" class="mw-redirect" title="Singhbhum">Singhbhum</a></td> <td>East-Central</td> <td>2001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></td> <td>13,440</td> <td>371 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Simlipal_National_Park" title="Simlipal National Park">Mayurbhanj</a></td> <td>East-Central</td> <td>2001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orissa,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa, India">Orissa</a></td> <td>3,214</td> <td>465 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahanadi" title="Mahanadi">Mahanadi</a></td> <td>East-Central</td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orissa,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa, India">Orissa</a></td> <td>1,038</td> <td>464 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur" title="Sambalpur">Sambalpur</a></td> <td>East-Central</td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orissa,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa, India">Orissa</a></td> <td>427</td> <td>284 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Badalkhol-Tamorpingla</a></td> <td>East-Central</td> <td>2011</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></td> <td>1,143</td> <td>NA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Lemru</a></td> <td>East-Central</td> <td>2022</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></td> <td>1,995</td> <td>NA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kameng_Elephant_Reserve" title="Kameng Elephant Reserve">Kameng</a></td> <td>Kameng-Sonitpur</td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></td> <td>1,892</td> <td>NA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sonitpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonitpur">Sonitpur</a></td> <td>Kameng-Sonitpur</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></td> <td>1,420</td> <td>612 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dihing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihing">Dihing</a>-<a href="/wiki/Patkai" title="Patkai">Patkai</a></td> <td>Eastern-South Bank</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></td> <td>937</td> <td>295 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Arunachal">South Arunachal</a></td> <td>Eastern-South Bank</td> <td>2008</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></td> <td>1,957</td> <td>129 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaziranga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaziranga">Kaziranga</a>-<a href="/wiki/Karbi_Anglong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Karbi Anglong District">Karbi Anglong</a></td> <td>Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong-Intanki</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></td> <td>3,270</td> <td>1,940 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mora_Dhansiri_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mora Dhansiri River">Dhansiri-Lungding</a></td> <td>Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong-Intanki</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></td> <td>2,740</td> <td>275 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Intanki_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Intanki National Park">Intanki</a></td> <td>Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong-Intanki</td> <td>2005</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></td> <td>202</td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries of India">Singphan</a></td> <td>Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong-Intanki</td> <td>2018</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></td> <td>24</td> <td>NA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chirang,_Assam" class="mw-redirect" title="Chirang, Assam">Chirang-Ripu</a></td> <td>North Bengal-Greater Manas</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></td> <td>2,600</td> <td>658 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dooars" title="Dooars">Eastern Dooars</a></td> <td>North Bengal-Greater Manas</td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></td> <td>978</td> <td>300-350 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo Hills</a></td> <td>Meghalaya</td> <td>2001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></td> <td>3,500</td> <td>1,047 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bandipur_National_Park" title="Bandipur National Park">Mysore</a></td> <td>Brahmagiri-Nilgiri-Eastern Ghats</td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></td> <td>8,056</td> <td>4,452 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dandeli" title="Dandeli">Dandeli</a></td> <td>Brahmagiri-Nilgiri-Eastern Ghats</td> <td>2015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></td> <td>2,321</td> <td>NA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Waynad" class="mw-redirect" title="Waynad">Wayanad</a></td> <td>Brahmagiri-Nilgiri-Eastern Ghats</td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></td> <td>1,200</td> <td>636 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mudumalai_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary">Nilgiri</a></td> <td>Brahmagiri-Nilgiri-Eastern Ghats</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td> <td>4,663</td> <td>2,862 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kotturu,_Srikakulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotturu, Srikakulam">Rayala</a></td> <td>Brahmagiri-Nilgiri-Eastern Ghats</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></td> <td>766</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nilambur_Elephant_Reserve" title="Nilambur Elephant Reserve">Nilambur</a></td> <td>Brahmagiri-Nilgiri-Eastern Ghats</td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></td> <td>1,419</td> <td>281 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coimbatore_Elephant_Reserve" title="Coimbatore Elephant Reserve">Coimbatore</a></td> <td>Brahmagiri-Nilgiri-Eastern Ghats</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td> <td>566</td> <td>329 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Wildlife_Sanctuary_and_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park">Anamalai</a></td> <td>Anamalai-Nelliampathy-High Range</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td> <td>1,457</td> <td>179 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eravikulam_National_Park" title="Eravikulam National Park">Anamudi</a></td> <td>Anamalai-Nelliampathy-High Range</td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></td> <td>3,728</td> <td>1,726 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Agasthyamala_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve">Agasthyamalai</a></td> <td>Periyar-Agasthyamalai</td> <td>2022</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td> <td>1,198</td> <td>NA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Periyar_National_Park" title="Periyar National Park">Periyar</a></td> <td>Periyar-Agasthyamalai</td> <td>2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></td> <td>3,742</td> <td>1,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grizzled_Squirrel_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary">Srivilliputtur</a></td> <td>Periyar-Agasthyamalai</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td> <td>1,249</td> <td>638 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sivalik_Hills" title="Sivalik Hills">Shivalik</a></td> <td>North-Western</td> <td>2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></td> <td>5,405</td> <td>1,510 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amangarh_Tiger_Reserve" title="Amangarh Tiger Reserve">Uttar Pradesh</a></td> <td>North-Western</td> <td>2009</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></td> <td>744</td> <td>NA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dudhwa_National_Park" title="Dudhwa National Park">Terai</a></td> <td>North-Western</td> <td>2022</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></td> <td>3,072</td> <td>NA </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Total </th> <th>80,778 </th> <th>20,391 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Elephant&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_elephant_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian states by elephant population">List of Indian states by elephant population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Tiger" title="Project Tiger">Project Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Dolphin_(India)" title="Project Dolphin (India)">Project Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cheetah" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Cheetah">Project Cheetah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mela_shikar" title="Mela shikar">Mela shikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khedda" title="Khedda">Khedda</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Elephant&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output 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cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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