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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pawn_promotion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Pawn promotion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pawn_promotion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Draw_offer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Draw_offer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Draw offer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Draw_offer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Castling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Castling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Castling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Castling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Check" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Check"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Check </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Check-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Checkmate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Checkmate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Checkmate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Checkmate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 End of game </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_notations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_notations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Similar notations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Similar_notations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Similar notations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Similar_notations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Long_algebraic_notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_algebraic_notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Long algebraic notation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_algebraic_notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ICCF_numeric_notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ICCF_numeric_notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 ICCF numeric notation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ICCF_numeric_notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PGN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PGN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 PGN </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PGN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formatting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formatting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Formatting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formatting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annotation_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annotation_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Annotation symbols </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annotation_symbols-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Annotation symbols subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Annotation_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Moves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Moves </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Positions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piece_names_in_various_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piece_names_in_various_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Piece names in various languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piece_names_in_various_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Algebraic notation (chess)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" > 36 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A_(%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC)" title="تدوين جبري (شطرنج) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تدوين جبري (شطرنج)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%99bri_qeyd_(%C5%9Fahmat)" title="Cəbri qeyd (şahmat) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cəbri qeyd (şahmat)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notaci%C3%B3_algebraica" title="Notació algebraica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Notació algebraica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraick%C3%BD_z%C3%A1pis_(%C5%A1achy)" title="Algebraický zápis (šachy) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Algebraický zápis (šachy)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodiant_algebraidd_(gwyddbwyll)" title="Nodiant algebraidd (gwyddbwyll) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nodiant algebraidd (gwyddbwyll)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraisk_notation_(skak)" title="Algebraisk notation (skak) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Algebraisk notation (skak)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AE" title="Αλγεβρική σκακιστική γραφή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλγεβρική σκακιστική γραφή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notaci%C3%B3n_algebraica" title="Notación algebraica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Notación algebraica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra_notado" title="Algebra notado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Algebra notado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notazio_aljebraiko" title="Notazio aljebraiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Notazio aljebraiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC" title="نشانه‌گذاری جبری شطرنج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نشانه‌گذاری جبری شطرنج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraisk_uppskriving" title="Algebraisk uppskriving – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Algebraisk uppskriving" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notation_alg%C3%A9brique" title="Notation algébrique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Notation algébrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodaireacht_ailg%C3%A9abrach_(ficheall)" title="Nodaireacht ailgéabrach (ficheall) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nodaireacht ailgéabrach (ficheall)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notaci%C3%B3n_alx%C3%A9brica" title="Notación alxébrica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Notación alxébrica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%88%98%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B4%EB%B2%95" title="대수기보법 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대수기보법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ahovska_algebarska_notacija" title="Šahovska algebarska notacija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šahovska algebarska notacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notasi_aljabar_(catur)" title="Notasi aljabar (catur) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Notasi aljabar (catur)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notazione_algebrica" title="Notazione algebrica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Notazione algebrica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99_(%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%98)" title="סימון אלגברי (שחמט) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סימון אלגברי (שחמט)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notatio_scaccorum_algebraica" title="Notatio scaccorum algebraica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Notatio scaccorum algebraica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebrin%C4%97_notacija" title="Algebrinė notacija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Algebrinė notacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_sakkj%C3%A1tszm%C3%A1k_lejegyz%C3%A9se" title="A sakkjátszmák lejegyzése – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A sakkjátszmák lejegyzése" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85)" title="Алгебарски запис (шах) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алгебарски запис (шах)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB_(%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D)" title="അൾജിബ്രിക് നൊട്ടേഷൻ (ചെസ്സ്) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അൾജിബ്രിക് നൊട്ടേഷൻ (ചെസ്സ്)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szachowa_notacja_algebraiczna" title="Szachowa notacja algebraiczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szachowa notacja algebraiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nota%C3%A7%C3%A3o_alg%C3%A9brica_de_xadrez" title="Notação algébrica de xadrez – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Notação algébrica de xadrez" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nota%C8%9Bie_algebric%C4%83_(%C8%99ah)" title="Notație algebrică (șah) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Notație algebrică (șah)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алгебраическая нотация – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алгебраическая нотация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebrai%C4%8Dna_notacija" title="Algebraična notacija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Algebraična notacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="இயற்கணிதக் குறிமுறை (சதுரங்கம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயற்கணிதக் குறிமுறை (சதுரங்கம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebirsel_notasyon_(satran%C3%A7)" title="Cebirsel notasyon (satranç) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cebirsel notasyon (satranç)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Method to convey chess moves</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:SCD_algebraic_notation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SCD_algebraic_notation.svg/242px-SCD_algebraic_notation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="242" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SCD_algebraic_notation.svg/363px-SCD_algebraic_notation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/SCD_algebraic_notation.svg/484px-SCD_algebraic_notation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="246" /></a><figcaption>Algebraic notation</figcaption></figure> Algebraic notation is the standard method for recording and describing the moves in a game of <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a>. It is based on a system of <a href="/wiki/Coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinates">coordinates</a> to uniquely identify each square on the board.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford-1">[1]</a> It is now almost universally used by books, magazines, newspapers and software, and is the only form of notation recognized by <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a>, the international chess governing body. An early form of algebraic notation was invented by the Syrian player <a href="/wiki/Philip_Stamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Stamma">Philip Stamma</a> in the 18th century. In the 19th century, it came into general use in German chess literature, and was subsequently adopted in Russian chess literature. In English-speaking countries, the parallel method of <a href="/wiki/Descriptive_notation" title="Descriptive notation">descriptive notation</a> was generally used in chess publications until the 1980s. Similar descriptive systems were in use in Spain and France. A few players still use descriptive notation, but it is no longer recognized by FIDE. The term "algebraic notation" may be considered a <a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">misnomer</a>, as the system is unrelated to <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford-1">[1]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming_the_squares">Naming the squares</h2></div> Each square of the board is identified by a unique coordinate pair—a letter and a number—from White's point of view. The vertical columns of squares, called <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#files" title="Glossary of chess">files</a></dfn>, are labeled a through h from White's left (the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#queenside" title="Glossary of chess">queenside</a></dfn>) to right (the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#kingside" title="Glossary of chess">kingside</a></dfn>). The horizontal rows of squares, called <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#ranks" title="Glossary of chess">ranks</a></dfn>, are numbered 1 to 8 starting from White's side of the board. Thus each square has a unique identification of file letter followed by rank number. For example, the initial square of White's king is designated as "e1". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming_the_pieces">Naming the pieces</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This section contains chess piece figurines. Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> Each <a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">piece type</a> (other than pawns) is identified by an uppercase letter. English-speaking players use the letters K for <a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">king</a>, Q for <a href="/wiki/Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">queen</a>, R for <a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">rook</a>, B for <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">bishop</a>, and N for <a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">knight</a>. Different initial letters are used by other languages. In modern chess literature, especially that intended for an international audience, the language-specific letters are usually replaced by universally recognized <a href="/wiki/Chess_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Chess symbols in Unicode">piece symbols</a>; for example, ♞c6 in place of Nc6. This style is known as figurine algebraic notation. The <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> <a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_Symbols" title="Miscellaneous Symbols">Miscellaneous Symbols</a> set includes all the symbols necessary for figurine algebraic notation.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notation_for_moves">Notation for moves</h2></div> In standard (or short form) algebraic notation, each move of a piece is indicated by the piece's uppercase letter, plus the coordinates of the destination square. For example, Be5 (bishop moves to e5), Nf3 (knight moves to f3). For pawn moves, a letter indicating pawn is not used, only the destination square is given. For example, c5 (pawn moves to c5). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Captures">Captures </h3></div> When a piece makes a <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#capture" title="Glossary of chess">capture</a></dfn>, an "x" is inserted immediately before the destination square. For example, Bxe5 (bishop captures the piece on e5). When a pawn makes a capture, the file from which the pawn departed is used to identify the pawn. For example, exd5 (pawn on the e-file captures the piece on d5). <a href="/wiki/En_passant" title="En passant">En passant</a> captures are indicated by specifying the capturing pawn's file of departure, the "x", the destination square (not the square of the captured pawn), and (optionally) the suffix "e.p." indicating the capture was en passant.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> For example, exd6 e.p. Sometimes a <a href="/wiki/Multiplication_sign" title="Multiplication sign">multiplication sign</a> (×) or a <a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a> (:) is used instead of "x", either in the middle (B:e5) or at the end (Be5:). Some publications, such as the <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Chess_Openings" title="Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings">Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings</a> (ECO), omit any indication that a capture has been made; for example, Be5 instead of Bxe5; ed6 instead of exd6 or exd6 e.p. When it is unambiguous to do so, a pawn capture is sometimes described by specifying only the files involved (exd or even ed). These shortened forms are sometimes called abbreviated algebraic notation or minimal algebraic notation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disambiguating_moves">Disambiguating moves</h3></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="d8 black rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/26px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/39px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/52px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="e8 right arrow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chess_rat45.svg/26px-Chess_rat45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chess_rat45.svg/39px-Chess_rat45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chess_rat45.svg/52px-Chess_rat45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="f8 one" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Chess_x1t45.svg/26px-Chess_x1t45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Chess_x1t45.svg/39px-Chess_x1t45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Chess_x1t45.svg/52px-Chess_x1t45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="h8 black rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/26px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/39px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/52px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="a5 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="e4 white queen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/26px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/39px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/52px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="h4 white queen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/26px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/39px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/52px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="a3 two" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chess_x2t45.svg/26px-Chess_x2t45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chess_x2t45.svg/39px-Chess_x2t45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chess_x2t45.svg/52px-Chess_x2t45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="g3 down-left arrow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Chess_dlt45.svg/26px-Chess_dlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Chess_dlt45.svg/39px-Chess_dlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Chess_dlt45.svg/52px-Chess_dlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="a2 up arrow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Chess_uat45.svg/26px-Chess_uat45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Chess_uat45.svg/39px-Chess_uat45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Chess_uat45.svg/52px-Chess_uat45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="f2 down-left arrow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Chess_dlt45.svg/26px-Chess_dlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Chess_dlt45.svg/39px-Chess_dlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Chess_dlt45.svg/52px-Chess_dlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="a1 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="e1 three" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chess_x3t45.svg/26px-Chess_x3t45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chess_x3t45.svg/39px-Chess_x3t45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Chess_x3t45.svg/52px-Chess_x3t45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="h1 white queen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/26px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/39px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/52px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> 1) ...Rdf8, 2) R1a3, 3) Qh4e1 </div></div></div> When two (or more) identical pieces can move to the same square, the moving piece is uniquely identified by specifying the piece's letter, followed by (in descending order of preference): <ol><li>the file of departure (if they differ)</li> <li>the rank of departure (if the files are the same but the ranks differ)</li></ol> If neither file nor rank alone is sufficient to identify the piece, then both are specified. In the diagram, both black rooks could legally move to f8, so the move of the d8-rook to f8 is disambiguated as Rdf8. For the white rooks on the a-file which could both move to a3, it is necessary to provide the rank of the moving piece, i.e., R1a3. In the case of the white queen on h4 moving to e1, neither the rank nor file alone are sufficient to disambiguate from the other white queens. As such, this move is written Qh4e1. As above, an "x" can be inserted to indicate a capture; for example, if the final case were a capture, it would be written as Qh4xe1. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pawn_promotion">Pawn promotion</h3></div> When a pawn <a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">promotes</a>, the piece promoted to is indicated at the end. For example, a pawn on e7 promoting to a queen on e8 may be variously rendered as e8Q, e8=Q, e8(Q), e8/Q etc. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Draw_offer">Draw offer</h3></div> FIDE specifies draw offers to be recorded by an equals sign with parentheses "(=)" after the move on the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#score_sheet" title="Glossary of chess">score sheet</a></dfn>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> This is not usually included in published game scores. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Castling">Castling </h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Castling" title="Castling">Castling</a> is indicated by the special notations 0-0 (for <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#kingside" title="Glossary of chess">kingside</a></dfn> castling) and 0-0-0 (<dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#queenside" title="Glossary of chess">queenside</a></dfn> castling). O-O and O-O-O (letter O rather than digit 0) are also commonly used.<a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Check">Check </h3></div> A move that places the opponent's <a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">king</a> in <a href="/wiki/Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">check</a> usually has the symbol "+" appended. Alternatively, sometimes a <a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">dagger</a> (†) or the abbreviation "ch" is used. Some publications indicate a <a href="/wiki/Discovered_check" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovered check">discovered check</a> with an abbreviation such as "dis ch", or with a specific symbol. <a href="/wiki/Double_check" title="Double check">Double check</a> is usually indicated the same as check, but is sometimes represented specifically as "dbl ch" or "++", particularly in older chess literature. Some publications such as ECO omit any indication of check. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Checkmate">Checkmate </h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">Checkmate</a> at the completion of moves is represented by the symbol "#" in standard FIDE notation and PGN. The word mate is commonly used instead; occasionally a double dagger (‡) or a double plus sign (++) is used, although the double plus sign is also used to represent "<a href="/wiki/Double_check" title="Double check">double check</a>" when a king is under attack by two enemy pieces simultaneously. A checkmate is represented by "≠" (the <a href="/wiki/Equal_sign#Not_equal" class="mw-redirect" title="Equal sign">not equal sign</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_macOS_components#Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="List of macOS components">macOS chess application</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> and ex-<a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> publications, where captures are indicated by ":", checkmate can also be represented by "X" or "x". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_game">End of game </h3></div> The notation 1–0 at the completion of moves indicates that White won, 0–1 indicates that Black won, and ½–½ indicates a <a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">draw</a>. In case of <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#forfeit" title="Glossary of chess">forfeit</a></dfn>, the scores 0–0, ½–0, and 0–½ are also possible.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> If player(s) lost by default, results are +/−, −/+, or −/−. Often there is no indication regarding how a player won or lost (other than checkmate, see above), so simply 1–0 or 0–1 may be written to show that one player <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess#Resigning" title="Rules of chess">resigned</a> or lost due to <a href="/wiki/Time_control" title="Time control">time control</a> or forfeit. Similarly, there is more than one way for a game to end in a draw. Sometimes direct information is given by the words "White resigns" or "Black resigns", though this is not considered part of the notation but rather a return to the surrounding narrative text. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_notations">Similar notations</h2></div> Besides the standard (or short) algebraic notation already described, several similar systems have been used. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long_algebraic_notation">Long algebraic notation</h3></div> In long algebraic notation, also known as fully expanded algebraic notation, both the starting and ending squares are specified, for example: e2e4. Sometimes these are separated by a hyphen, e.g. Nb1-c3, while captures are indicated by an "x", e.g. Rd3xd7. Long algebraic notation takes more space and is no longer commonly used in print; however, it has the advantage of clarity. Both short and long algebraic notation are acceptable for keeping a record of the moves on a scoresheet, as is required in FIDE rated games. A form of long algebraic notation (without piece names) is also used by the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Chess_Interface" title="Universal Chess Interface">Universal Chess Interface (UCI)</a> standard, which is a common way for graphical chess programs to communicate with chess engines, e.g. e2e4, e1g1 (castling), e7e8q (promotion).<a href="#cite_note-wbec_UCIp-10">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ICCF_numeric_notation">ICCF numeric notation</h3></div> In international <a href="/wiki/Correspondence_chess" title="Correspondence chess">correspondence chess</a> the use of algebraic notation may cause confusion, since different languages employ different names (and therefore different initial letters) for the pieces, and some players may be unfamiliar with the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>. Hence, the standard for transmitting moves by post or email is <a href="/wiki/ICCF_numeric_notation" title="ICCF numeric notation">ICCF numeric notation</a>, which identifies squares using numerical coordinates, and identifies both the departure and destination squares. For example, the move 1.e4 is rendered as 1.5254. In recent years, the majority of correspondence games have been played on on-line servers rather than by email or post, leading to a decline in the use of ICCF numeric notation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PGN">PGN</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Portable_Game_Notation" title="Portable Game Notation">Portable Game Notation</a> (PGN) is a text-based file format for storing chess games, which uses standard English algebraic notation and a small amount of markup.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> PGN can be processed by almost all chess software, as well as being easily readable by humans. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Game_of_the_Century_(chess)" title="Game of the Century (chess)">Game of the Century</a> could be represented as follows in PGN: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-moin mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>[Event "Third Rosenwald Trophy"] [Site "New York, NY USA"] [Date "1956.10.17"] [EventDate "1956.10.07"] [Round "8"] [Result "0-1"] [White "Donald Byrne"] [Black "Robert James Fischer"] [ECO "D92"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "82"] 1.Nf3 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.d4 O-O 5.Bf4 d5 6.Qb3 dxc4 7.Qxc4 c6 8.e4 Nbd7 9.Rd1 Nb6 10.Qc5 Bg4 11.Bg5 Na4 12.Qa3 Nxc3 13.bxc3 Nxe4 14.Bxe7 Qb6 15.Bc4 Nxc3 16.Bc5 Rfe8+ 17.Kf1 Be6 18.Bxb6 Bxc4+ 19.Kg1 Ne2+ 20.Kf1 Nxd4+ 21.Kg1 Ne2+ 22.Kf1 Nc3+ 23.Kg1 axb6 24.Qb4 Ra4 25.Qxb6 Nxd1 26.h3 Rxa2 27.Kh2 Nxf2 28.Re1 Rxe1 29.Qd8+ Bf8 30.Nxe1 Bd5 31.Nf3 Ne4 32.Qb8 b5 33.h4 h5 34.Ne5 Kg7 35.Kg1 Bc5+ 36.Kf1 Ng3+ 37.Ke1 Bb4+ 38.Kd1 Bb3+ 39.Kc1 Ne2+ 40.Kb1 Nc3+ 41.Kc1 Rc2# 0-1 </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formatting">Formatting</h2></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="a8 black rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/26px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/39px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/52px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="c8 black bishop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chess_bdt45.svg/26px-Chess_bdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chess_bdt45.svg/39px-Chess_bdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chess_bdt45.svg/52px-Chess_bdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="d8 black queen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Chess_qdt45.svg/26px-Chess_qdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Chess_qdt45.svg/39px-Chess_qdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Chess_qdt45.svg/52px-Chess_qdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="e8 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="f8 black bishop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chess_bdt45.svg/26px-Chess_bdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chess_bdt45.svg/39px-Chess_bdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chess_bdt45.svg/52px-Chess_bdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="g8 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/26px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/39px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/52px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="h8 black rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/26px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/39px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/52px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="b7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="c7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="d7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="f7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="g7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="h7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="a6 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="c6 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/26px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/39px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/52px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="b5 white bishop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/26px-Chess_blt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/39px-Chess_blt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/52px-Chess_blt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="e5 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="e4 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="f3 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="a2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="b2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="c2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="d2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="f2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="g2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="h2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="a1 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="b1 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="c1 white bishop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/26px-Chess_blt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/39px-Chess_blt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/52px-Chess_blt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="d1 white queen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/26px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/39px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chess_qlt45.svg/52px-Chess_qlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="e1 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><img alt="h1 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> Position after 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 </div></div></div> A game or series of moves is generally written in one of two ways; in two columns, as White/Black pairs, preceded by the move number and a period: <dl><dd>1. e4 e5</dd> <dd>2. Nf3 Nc6</dd> <dd>3. Bb5 a6</dd></dl> or horizontally: <dl><dd>1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6</dd></dl> Moves may be interspersed with commentary, called <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#annotations" title="Glossary of chess">annotations</a></dfn>. When the <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#game_score" title="Glossary of chess">game score</a></dfn> resumes with a Black move, an <a href="/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">ellipsis</a> (...) fills the position of the White move, for example: <dl><dd>1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 <dl><dd>White attacks the black e-pawn.</dd></dl></dd> <dd>2... Nc6 <dl><dd>Black defends and develops simultaneously.</dd></dl></dd> <dd>3. Bb5 <dl><dd>White plays the <a href="/wiki/Ruy_Lopez" title="Ruy Lopez">Ruy Lopez</a>.</dd></dl></dd> <dd>3... a6 <dl><dd>Black elects <a href="/wiki/Ruy_Lopez#Morphy_Defence:_alternatives_to_Closed_Defence" title="Ruy Lopez">Morphy's Defence</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annotation_symbols">Annotation symbols</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chess_annotation_symbols" title="Chess annotation symbols">Chess annotation symbols</a></div> Though not technically a part of algebraic notation, the following are some symbols commonly used by annotators, for example in publications <a href="/wiki/Chess_Informant" title="Chess Informant">Chess Informant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Chess_Openings" title="Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings">Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings</a>, to give editorial comment on a move or position. The symbol chosen is simply appended to the end of the move notation, for example, in the <a href="/wiki/Englund_Gambit#Soller_Gambit" title="Englund Gambit">Soller Gambit</a>: 1.d4 e5?! 2.dxe5 f6 3.e4! Nc6 4.Bc4+/− <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moves">Moves</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th>Symbol </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Meaning </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">!! </td> <td>A brilliant—and usually surprising—move </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">! </td> <td>A very good move </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">!? </td> <td>An interesting move that may not be the best </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">?! </td> <td>A dubious move that is not easily refutable </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">? </td> <td>A bad move; a mistake </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">?? </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Blunder_(chess)" title="Blunder (chess)">blunder</a> (i.e. critically bad mistake) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">⌓ </td> <td>A better move than the one played </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">□ </td> <td>A <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#forced_move" title="Glossary of chess">forced move</a></dfn>; the only reasonable move, or the only move available </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">TN or N </td> <td>A <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#theoretical_novelty" title="Glossary of chess">theoretical novelty</a></dfn> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positions">Positions</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th>Symbol </th> <th style="text-align:left;">Meaning </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">= </td> <td>Both players have <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#equality" title="Glossary of chess">equal chances</a></dfn>. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">+/= or ⩲ </td> <td>White has a slight plus. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">=/+ or ⩱ </td> <td>Black has a slight plus. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">+/− or ± </td> <td>White has a clear plus. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">−/+ or ∓ </td> <td>Black has a clear plus. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">+− </td> <td>White has a winning advantage. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">−+ </td> <td>Black has a winning advantage. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">∞ </td> <td>It is unclear whether either side has an advantage; a "toss-up". </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="text-align:center;">=/∞ or ⯹ </td> <td>Whoever is down in <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#material" title="Glossary of chess">material</a></dfn> has <a href="/wiki/Compensation_(chess)" title="Compensation (chess)">compensation</a> for it. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> Descriptive notation was usual in the Middle Ages in Europe. A form of algebraic chess notation that seems to have been borrowed from Muslim chess, however, appeared in Europe in a 12th century manuscript referred to as "MS. Paris Fr. 1173 (PP.)". The files run from a to h, just as they do in the current standard algebraic notation. The ranks, however, are also designated by letters, with the exception of the 8th rank which is distinct because it has no letter. The ranks are lettered in reverse – from the 7th to the 1st: k, l, m, n, o, p, q.<a href="#cite_note-:0-12">[11]</a> Another system of notation using only letters appears in a book of Mediaeval chess, Rechenmeister <a href="/wiki/Jacob_K%C3%B6bel" title="Jacob Köbel">Jacob Köbel</a>'s Schachzabel Spiel of 1520.<a href="#cite_note-:0-12">[11]</a> Algebraic notation exists in various forms and languages and is based on a system developed by <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Stamma" title="Philipp Stamma">Philipp Stamma</a> in the 1730s. Stamma used the modern names of the squares (and may have been the first to number the ranks), but he used p for pawn moves and the capital original <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#file" title="Glossary of chess">file</a></dfn> of a piece (A through H) instead of the initial letter of the piece name as used now.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> Piece letters were introduced in the 1780s by <a href="/wiki/Moses_Hirschel" title="Moses Hirschel">Moses Hirschel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Allgaier" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Allgaier">Johann Allgaier</a> with <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Alexandre" title="Aaron Alexandre">Aaron Alexandre</a> developed the modern castling notation in the 1810s.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> Algebraic notation was described in 1847 by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Staunton" title="Howard Staunton">Howard Staunton</a> in his book The Chess-Player's Handbook. Staunton credits the idea to German authors, and in particular to "Alexandre, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jaenisch" title="Carl Jaenisch">Jaenisch</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Handbuch_des_Schachspiels" title="Handbuch des Schachspiels">Handbuch</a> [des Schachspiels]."<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> While algebraic notation has been used in German and Russian chess literature since the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a> was slow to adopt it, using descriptive notation for much of the 20th century. Beginning in the 1970s, algebraic notation gradually became more common in English language publications, and by 1980 it had become the prevalent notation. In 1981, FIDE stopped recognizing descriptive notation, and algebraic notation became the accepted international standard. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 233.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ms._Paris_1173.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Chess diagram found in a French manuscript (1173)"><img alt="Chess diagram found in a French manuscript (1173)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Ms._Paris_1173.png" decoding="async" width="234" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="153" data-file-height="151" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chess diagram found in a French manuscript (1173) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 232px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_K%C3%B6bel_1520.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Chess diagram from Jacob Köbel's German book about Mediaeval chess, Schachzabel Spiel (1520)"><img alt="Chess diagram from Jacob Köbel's German book about Mediaeval chess, Schachzabel Spiel (1520)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Jacob_K%C3%B6bel_1520.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="340" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chess diagram from <a href="/wiki/Jacob_K%C3%B6bel" title="Jacob Köbel">Jacob Köbel</a>'s German book about Mediaeval chess, Schachzabel Spiel (1520)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 221.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 219.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_diagram_from_Howard_Staunton%27s_%22The_Chess-Player%27s_Handbook%22_(1947).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Chess diagram showing algebraic notation in Howard Staunton's The Chess-Player's Handbook (1866)"><img alt="Chess diagram showing algebraic notation in Howard Staunton's The Chess-Player's Handbook (1866)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chess_diagram_from_Howard_Staunton%27s_%22The_Chess-Player%27s_Handbook%22_%281947%29.png/329px-Chess_diagram_from_Howard_Staunton%27s_%22The_Chess-Player%27s_Handbook%22_%281947%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Chess_diagram_from_Howard_Staunton%27s_%22The_Chess-Player%27s_Handbook%22_%281947%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="450" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chess diagram showing algebraic notation in Howard Staunton's The Chess-Player's Handbook (1866)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Piece_names_in_various_languages">Piece names in various languages</h2></div> The table contains names for all the pieces as well as the words for chess, check, and checkmate in several languages.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> Several languages use the Arabic <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> alfil for the piece called bishop in English; in this context it is a chess-specific term which no longer has its original meaning of "elephant". <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: auto auto; text-align:center"> <caption>Overview of chess piece names </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">King</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">Queen</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">Rook</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">Bishop</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">Knight</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawn</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">Chess</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">Check</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">Checkmate</a>/Mate </th></tr> <tr> <th>figure </th> <td>♔ ♚ </td> <td>♕ ♛ </td> <td>♖ ♜ </td> <td>♗ ♝ </td> <td>♘ ♞ </td> <td>♙ ♟ </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>+ or † </td> <td># or ++ or ‡ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> </th> <td>K Koning king </td> <td>D Dame lady </td> <td>T Toring tower </td> <td>L Loper runner </td> <td>R Ruiter rider </td> <td>(P) Pion </td> <td><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skaak" class="extiw" title="af:Skaak">Skaak</a> </td> <td>Skaak </td> <td>Skaakmat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> </th> <td>M Mbreti king </td> <td>D Dama / Mbretëresha lady / queen </td> <td>T Torra tower </td> <td>F Fili / Oficeri elephant / officer </td> <td>K Kali horse </td> <td>(U) Ushtari soldier </td> <td><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahu" class="extiw" title="sq:Shahu">Shahu</a> </td> <td>Shah </td> <td>Shah mat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> </th> <td>م مَلِك (malik) king </td> <td>و وزير (wazïr) vizier </td> <td>ر رخ / طابية (rukhkh / ṭābiya) fortress / castle </td> <td>ف فيل (fīl) elephant </td> <td>ح حصان (ħiṣān) horse </td> <td>ب بيدق / عسكري (baidaq / `askarī) pawn / soldier </td> <td><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC" class="extiw" title="ar:شطرنج">شطرنج</a> (shaṭranj) </td> <td>كِش مَلِك (kish malik) </td> <td>كِش مات (kish māt) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan language">Azerbaijani</a> </th> <td>Ş <a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eah_(%C5%9Fahmat_fiquru)" class="extiw" title="az:Şah (şahmat fiquru)">Şah</a> <a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">shah</a> </td> <td>V <a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C9%99zir_(%C5%9Fahmat)" class="extiw" title="az:Vəzir (şahmat)">Vəzir</a> vizier </td> <td>T <a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_(%C5%9Fahmat)" class="extiw" title="az:Top (şahmat)">Top</a> cannon </td> <td>F <a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil_(%C5%9Fahmat)" class="extiw" title="az:Fil (şahmat)">Fil</a> elephant </td> <td>A <a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_(%C5%9Fahmat)" class="extiw" title="az:At (şahmat)">At</a> horse </td> <td>P <a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyada_(%C5%9Fahmat)" class="extiw" title="az:Piyada (şahmat)">Piyada</a> foot soldier </td> <td><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Fahmat" class="extiw" title="az:şahmat">Şahmat</a> </td> <td>şah shah </td> <td>mat mat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> </th> <td>Ա Արքա (Ark῾a) king </td> <td>Թ Թագուհի (T῾agowhi) queen </td> <td>Ն Նավակ (Navak) ship </td> <td>Փ Փիղ (P῾ił) elephant </td> <td>Ձ Ձի (Dzi) horse </td> <td>Զ Զինվոր (Zinvor) soldier </td> <td><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF" class="extiw" title="hy:Շախմատ">Շախմատ</a> (Šaxmat) Ճատրակ (Čatrak) </td> <td>Շախ (Šax) </td> <td>Մատ (Mat) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a> </th> <td>E Erregea king </td> <td>D Dama lady </td> <td>G Gaztelua castle </td> <td>A Alfila </td> <td>Z Zalduna knight </td> <td>(P) Peoia pawn </td> <td><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xake" class="extiw" title="eu:Xake">Xake</a> </td> <td>Xake </td> <td>Xake mate </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tara%C5%A1kievica" title="Taraškievica">Taraškievica</a>) </th> <td>К кароль king </td> <td>Вз візыр vizier </td> <td>Лд ладзьдзя boat </td> <td>А афіцэр officer </td> <td>В вершнік rider </td> <td>(Л) латнік pawn </td> <td><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="be-x-old:Шахматы">Шахматы</a> </td> <td>Шах </td> <td>Мат </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> </th> <td>R রাজা (rājā) King </td> <td>M মন্ত্রী (montri) Minister </td> <td>N নৌকা (noukā) Boat </td> <td>H গজ / হাতি (gôj / hāti) Elephant </td> <td>G ঘোড়া (ghoṛā) Horse </td> <td>B বোড়ে / সৈন্য (boṛe / śoinno) Walker / Troop </td> <td><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE" class="extiw" title="bn:দাবা">দাবা</a> (dābā) </td> <td>কিস্তি (kisti) Check </td> <td>কিস্তিমাত (kistimāt) Checkmate </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> </th> <td>Ц цар <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a> </td> <td>Д дама / царица lady / tsaritsa </td> <td>Т топ cannon </td> <td>О офицер officer </td> <td>К кон horse </td> <td>(П) пешка foot soldier </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" class="extiw" title="bg:Шахмат">Шахмат</a> / Шах </td> <td>Шах </td> <td>(Шах и) мат </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> </th> <td>R rei </td> <td>D dama / reina lady / queen </td> <td>T torre tower </td> <td>A alfil </td> <td>C cavall horse </td> <td>(P) peó </td> <td><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escacs" class="extiw" title="ca:Escacs">Escacs</a> </td> <td>Escac / Xec </td> <td>Escac i mat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> </th> <td>K 王 (wáng) king </td> <td>Q 后 (hòu) queen </td> <td>R 車 (jū) <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a> </td> <td>B 象 (xiàng) elephant </td> <td>N 馬 (mǎ) horse </td> <td>(P) 兵 (bīng) soldier </td> <td><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B1%A1%E6%A3%8B" class="extiw" title="zh:國際象棋">國際象棋</a> (guójì xiàngqí) international chess </td> <td>將軍 (jiāngjūn) </td> <td>將死 (jiāng sǐ) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> </th> <td>K král king </td> <td>D dáma lady </td> <td>V věž tower </td> <td>S střelec shooter </td> <td>J jezdec rider </td> <td>(P) pěšec foot soldier </td> <td><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0achy" class="extiw" title="cs:Šachy">Šachy</a> </td> <td>Šach </td> <td>Mat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> </th> <td>K konge king </td> <td>D dronning queen </td> <td>T tårn tower </td> <td>L løber runner </td> <td>S springer jumper </td> <td>(B) bonde peasant </td> <td><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skak" class="extiw" title="da:Skak">Skak</a> </td> <td>Skak </td> <td>Skakmat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> </th> <td>K koning king </td> <td>D dame / koningin lady / queen </td> <td>T toren / kasteel tower / castle </td> <td>L loper / raadsheer runner / counsellor </td> <td>P paard horse </td> <td>(pi) pion </td> <td><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaken" class="extiw" title="nl:Schaken">Schaken</a> </td> <td>Schaak </td> <td>Mat / Schaakmat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </th> <td>K king </td> <td>Q queen </td> <td>R rook, castle </td> <td>B bishop </td> <td>N knight </td> <td>(P) pawn </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">Chess</a> </td> <td>Check </td> <td>Checkmate / Mate </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> </th> <td>R reĝo king </td> <td>D damo lady </td> <td>T turo tower </td> <td>K kuriero courier </td> <td>Ĉ ĉevalo horse </td> <td>(P) peono </td> <td><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cako" class="extiw" title="eo:Ŝako">Ŝako</a> </td> <td>Ŝak </td> <td>Ŝakmato </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> </th> <td>K kuningas king </td> <td>L lipp flag </td> <td>V vanker chariot / carriage </td> <td>O oda spear </td> <td>R ratsu riding horse </td> <td>(E) ettur forwarder </td> <td><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male" class="extiw" title="et:Male">Male</a> after <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Land_Forces#Regional_unit" title="Estonian Land Forces">malev</a> </td> <td>Tuli / Šahh fire </td> <td>Matt </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> </th> <td>K kuningas king </td> <td>D daami / kuningatar lady / queen </td> <td>T torni tower </td> <td>L lähetti messenger </td> <td>R ratsu ride </td> <td>(S) sotilas soldier </td> <td><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakki" class="extiw" title="fi:Shakki">Shakki</a> </td> <td>Shakki </td> <td>Matti / Shakkimatti </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </th> <td>R roi king </td> <td>D dame lady </td> <td>T tour tower </td> <td>F fou jester </td> <td>C cavalier rider </td> <td>(P) pion </td> <td><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89checs" class="extiw" title="fr:Échecs">Échecs</a> </td> <td>Échec </td> <td>Échec et mat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> </th> <td>R rei king </td> <td>D dama / raíña lady / queen </td> <td>T torre tower </td> <td>B bispo bishop </td> <td>C cabalo horse </td> <td>(P) peón foot soldier </td> <td><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xadrez" class="extiw" title="gl:Xadrez">Xadrez</a> </td> <td>Xaque </td> <td>Xaque mate </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> </th> <td>მფ მეფე (mep'e) king </td> <td>ლ ლაზიერი (lazieri) queen </td> <td>ე ეტლი (etli) chariot </td> <td>კ კუ (ku) tortoise </td> <td>მ მხედარი (mkhedari) rider </td> <td>პ პაიკი (paiki) pawn </td> <td><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" class="extiw" title="ka:ჭადრაკი">ჭადრაკი</a> (Čadraki) </td> <td>ქიში (K'ishi) </td> <td>შამათი (Shamat'i) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> </th> <td>K König king </td> <td>D Dame lady / queen </td> <td>T Turm tower </td> <td>L Läufer runner </td> <td>S Springer jumper </td> <td>(B) Bauer peasant / farmer </td> <td><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schach" class="extiw" title="de:Schach">Schach</a> </td> <td>Schach </td> <td>Matt / Schachmatt </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> </th> <td>Ρ βασιλιάς (vasiliás) king </td> <td>Β βασίλισσα (vasílissa) queen </td> <td>Π πύργος (pýrgos) tower </td> <td>Α αξιωματικός (axiomatikós) officer </td> <td>Ι ίππος (íppos) horse </td> <td>(Σ) πιόνι (pióni) pawn </td> <td><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9" class="extiw" title="el:Σκάκι">Σκάκι</a> (Skáki) </td> <td>Σαχ (Sach) / Ρουά (Rouá) </td> <td>Mατ (Mat) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> </th> <td>R राजा (rājā) king </td> <td>V वज़ीर / रानी (vazīr / rānī) vizier / queen </td> <td>H हाथी (hāthī) elephant </td> <td>O ऊँट (ūṁṭ) camel </td> <td>G घोड़ा (ghoṛā) horse </td> <td>(P) प्यादा (pyādā) infantryman </td> <td><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C" class="extiw" title="hi:शतरंज">शतरंज</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shatranj" title="Shatranj">śatrañj</a>) </td> <td>शह (Shah) </td> <td>शहमात (Shahmāt) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> </th> <td>מ מלך (Melech) king </td> <td>מה מלכה (Malka) queen </td> <td>צ צריח (Tzariach) tower </td> <td>ר רץ (Ratz) runner </td> <td>פ פרש (Parash) horseman </td> <td>רגלי (Regli) foot soldier </td> <td><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%98" class="extiw" title="he:שחמט">שחמט</a> (Shakhmat) </td> <td>שח (Shakh) </td> <td>מט (Mat) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a> </th> <td>S sarki king </td> <td>Q sarauniya queen </td> <td>R sansanin fortress </td> <td>G giwa elephant </td> <td>J jarumi mounted warrior </td> <td>(P) soja soldier </td> <td><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/ces" class="extiw" title="ha:ces">ces</a> </td> <td>ceki </td> <td>ceki mat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> </th> <td>K király king </td> <td>V vezér / királynő leader / queen </td> <td>B bástya bastion </td> <td>F futó runner </td> <td>H huszár / ló hussar / horse </td> <td>(Gy) gyalog / paraszt footman / peasant </td> <td><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakk" class="extiw" title="hu:Sakk">Sakk</a> </td> <td>Sakk </td> <td>Matt / Sakk-matt </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> </th> <td>K kóngur king </td> <td>D drottning queen </td> <td>H hrókur rook </td> <td>B biskup bishop </td> <td>R riddari knight </td> <td>(P) peð pawn </td> <td><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%A1k" class="extiw" title="is:Skák">Skák</a> </td> <td>Skák </td> <td>Skák og mát </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ido</a> </th> <td>R rejo king </td> <td>D damo lady </td> <td>T turmo tower </td> <td>E episkopo bishop </td> <td>K kavalo horse </td> <td>(P) piono </td> <td><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakoludo" class="extiw" title="io:Shakoludo">Shakoludo</a> </td> <td>Shako </td> <td>Shakmato </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> </th> <td>R raja king </td> <td>M menteri minister / vizier </td> <td>B benteng castle / fortress </td> <td>G gajah elephant </td> <td>K kuda horse </td> <td>(P) pion </td> <td><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catur" class="extiw" title="id:Catur">Catur</a> </td> <td>Sekak / Ster </td> <td>Sekakmat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Interslavic" title="Interslavic">Interslavic</a> </th> <td>K kralj king </td> <td>C carica / dama empress / lady </td> <td>Z zamok / věža castle / tower </td> <td>L lovec hunter </td> <td>J jezdec / konj rider / horse </td> <td>(P) pěšak infantryman </td> <td>Šahy </td> <td>Šah </td> <td>Mat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> </th> <td>R rí king </td> <td>B banríon queen </td> <td>C caiseal bulwark </td> <td>E easpag bishop </td> <td>D ridire knight </td> <td>(F) fichillín / ceithearnach little chess piece / <a href="/wiki/Kern_(soldier)" title="Kern (soldier)">kern</a> </td> <td><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficheall" class="extiw" title="ga:Ficheall">Ficheall</a> </td> <td>Sáinn </td> <td>Marbhsháinn </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> </th> <td>R re king </td> <td>D donna / regina lady / queen </td> <td>T torre tower </td> <td>A alfiere standard-bearer </td> <td>C cavallo horse </td> <td>(P) pedone foot soldier </td> <td><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scacchi" class="extiw" title="it:Scacchi">Scacchi</a> </td> <td>Scacco </td> <td>Scacco matto </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> </th> <td>K キング (kingu) </td> <td>Q クイーン (kuīn) </td> <td>R ルーク (rūku) </td> <td>B ビショップ (bishoppu) </td> <td>N ナイト (naito) </td> <td>(P) ポーン (pōn) </td> <td><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:チェス">チェス</a> (chesu) </td> <td>王手 (ōte) / チェック (chekku) </td> <td>詰み (tsumi) / チェックメイト (chekkumeito) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a> </th> <td>R raja king </td> <td>Q ratu / perdhana mentri queen / prime minister </td> <td>B bèntèng fortress </td> <td>M mentri minister </td> <td>K jaran horse </td> <td>(P) pion </td> <td><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/sekak" class="extiw" title="jv:sekak">sekak</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> </th> <td>ರಾ ರಾಜ (raaja) king </td> <td>ಮ ಮಂತ್ರಿ (mantri) minister </td> <td>ಆ ಆನೆ (aane) elephant </td> <td>ರ ರಥ (ratha) chariot </td> <td>ಕು ಕುದುರೆ (kudure) horse </td> <td>ಪಾ ಪದಾತಿ (padaati) foot soldier </td> <td><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97_(%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%9F)" class="extiw" title="kn:ಚದುರಂಗ (ಆಟ)">ಚದುರಂಗ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chaturanga" title="Chaturanga">caduraṅga</a>) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> </th> <td>Кр патша (patşa) king </td> <td>У уәзір (uäzır) vizier </td> <td>Т тура (tura) tower </td> <td>П піл (pıl) elephant </td> <td>А ат (at) horse </td> <td>(П) пешка (peşka) / (С) сарбаз (sarbaz) foot soldier / warrior </td> <td><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" class="extiw" title="kk:шахмат">шахмат</a> (şahmat) </td> <td>шах (şah) </td> <td>мат (mat) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a> </th> <td>K 킹 (king) </td> <td>Q 퀸 (kwin) </td> <td>R 룩 (rug) </td> <td>B 비숍 (bi syob) </td> <td>N 나이트 (na i teu) </td> <td>(P) 폰 (pon) </td> <td><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%8A%A4" class="extiw" title="ko:체스">체스</a> (che seu) </td> <td>체크 (che keu) </td> <td>체크메이트 (che keu me i teu) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> </th> <td>R rex king </td> <td>M regina queen </td> <td>T turris / elephas tower / elephant<a href="#cite_note-Murray-19">[18]</a> </td> <td>A signifer / cursor / stultus / alphinus standard-bearer / messenger / fool<a href="#cite_note-Murray-19">[18]</a> </td> <td>E eques knight </td> <td>(P) pedes / pedo foot soldier </td> <td><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scacci" class="extiw" title="la:Scacci">Scacci</a> </td> <td>Scaccus </td> <td>Mattus </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> </th> <td>K karalis king </td> <td>D dāma lady </td> <td>T tornis tower </td> <td>L laidnis </td> <td>Z zirgs horse </td> <td>(B) bandinieks peasant </td> <td><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ahs" class="extiw" title="lv:Šahs">Šahs</a> </td> <td>Šahs </td> <td>Šahs un mats </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> </th> <td>K karalius king </td> <td>V valdovė queen </td> <td>B bokštas tower </td> <td>R rikis Lithuanian military commander </td> <td>Ž žirgas horse </td> <td>(P) pėstininkas pawn </td> <td><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0achmatai" class="extiw" title="lt:Šachmatai">Šachmatai</a> </td> <td>Šach </td> <td>Matas </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lojban" title="Lojban">Lojban</a> </th> <td>Na noltrunau king </td> <td>Ni noltruni'u queen </td> <td>S slanydi'u castle </td> <td>X xanto elephant </td> <td>Xi xirma horse </td> <td>(S) sonci soldier </td> <td><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/caxmati" class="extiw" title="jbo:caxmati">caxmati</a> </td> <td>gunta attack </td> <td>lo nolraitru cu morsi the king is dead </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish</a> </th> <td>K Kinnek king </td> <td>D Damm lady </td> <td>T Tuerm tower </td> <td>L Leefer runner </td> <td>P Päerd horse </td> <td>(B) Bauer farmer </td> <td><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schach" class="extiw" title="lb:Schach">Schach</a> </td> <td>Schach </td> <td>Schachmatt </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> </th> <td>K крал king </td> <td>D кралица / дама queen / lady </td> <td>T топ cannon </td> <td>L ловец hunter </td> <td>S коњ / скокач horse / jumper </td> <td>P пешак / пион infantryman / pawn </td> <td><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%85" class="extiw" title="mk:Шах">шах</a> </td> <td>шах </td> <td>мат </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> </th> <td>K രാജാവ് (raajavu) king </td> <td>Q മന്ത്രി (manthri) minister </td> <td>R തേര് (therú) chariot </td> <td>B ആന (aana) elephant </td> <td>N/Kt കുതിര (kuthira) horse </td> <td>(P) കാലാള്‍ / പടയാളി (kaalal / padayaali) foot soldier </td> <td><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="extiw" title="ml:ചെസ്സ്">ചതുരംഗം</a> (chathurangam) </td> <td>ചെക്ക് </td> <td>ചെക്ക് മേറ്റ് </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> </th> <td>R राजा (rājā) king </td> <td>V वजीर (vajīr) vizier </td> <td>H हत्ती (hātti) elephant </td> <td>O उंट (Unṭ) camel </td> <td>G घोडा (ghoḍā) horse </td> <td>(P) प्यादे (pyāde) foot soldier </td> <td>बुद्धिबळ (buddhibal) </td> <td>शह (shah) </td> <td>शहमात (shahmāt) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> </th> <td>Н ноён <a href="/wiki/Noyan" title="Noyan">noyan</a> </td> <td>Б бэрс (fers) vizier </td> <td>т тэрэг (tereg) chariot </td> <td>Т тэмээ (temee) camel </td> <td>М морь (mor) horse </td> <td>(Х) хүү (hüü) boy </td> <td><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" class="extiw" title="mn:Шатар">Шатар</a> </td> <td>шаг / дуг / цод </td> <td>мад </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Norwegian Bokmål</a> </th> <td>K konge king </td> <td>D dronning queen </td> <td>T tårn tower </td> <td>L løper runner </td> <td>S springer jumper </td> <td>(B) bonde peasant </td> <td><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjakk" class="extiw" title="nb:Sjakk">Sjakk</a> </td> <td>Sjakk </td> <td>Sjakkmatt </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">Norwegian Nynorsk</a> </th> <td>K konge king </td> <td>D dronning queen </td> <td>T tårn tower </td> <td>L løpar runner </td> <td>S springar jumper </td> <td>(B) bonde peasant </td> <td><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjakk" class="extiw" title="nn:Sjakk">Sjakk</a> </td> <td>Sjakk </td> <td>Sjakkmatt </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> </th> <td>K ରଜା (rôja) king </td> <td>Q ରାଣୀ (raṇi) queen </td> <td>R ଡଙ୍ଗା (ḍôṅga) boat </td> <td>B ହାତୀ (hati) elephant </td> <td>N ଘୋଡ଼ା (ghoṛa) horse </td> <td>P ସୈନିକ (sôinikô) soldier </td> <td>ଚେସ୍/ଶତରଞ୍ଜ (chess/śôtôrôñjô) </td> <td>ଚେକ୍ (check) </td> <td>ଚେକମେଟ୍ (checkmate) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a> </th> <td>M Mootii </td> <td>Mt Mootittii </td> <td>G Gidaara, masaraa </td> <td>A abuunii </td> <td>N namkabajaa </td> <td><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheezii" class="extiw" title="om:Cheezii">Cheezii</a> </td> <td>Mirkaneeffannaa </td> <td>Waayila / Mate </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> </th> <td>ش شاه king </td> <td>و وزیر vizier / minister </td> <td>ق/ر قلعه/رخ castle </td> <td>ف فیل elephant </td> <td>ا اسب horse </td> <td>س/پ سرباز/پیاده soldier </td> <td><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC" class="extiw" title="fa:شطرنج">شطرنج</a> (shatranj) </td> <td>کیش (kish) </td> <td>مات (mat) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> </th> <td>K król king </td> <td>H <a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">hetman</a> / królowa general (hist.) / queen </td> <td>W wieża tower </td> <td>G goniec / laufer courier / (ger. derived) </td> <td>S skoczek / koń jumper / horse </td> <td>(P) pion / pionek pawn </td> <td><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szachy" class="extiw" title="pl:Szachy">Szachy</a> </td> <td>szach </td> <td>mat / szach-mat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> </th> <td>R rei king </td> <td>D dama / rainha lady / queen </td> <td>T torre tower </td> <td>B bispo bishop </td> <td>C cavalo horse </td> <td>(P) peão foot soldier </td> <td><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xadrez" class="extiw" title="pt:Xadrez">Xadrez</a> </td> <td>Xeque </td> <td>Xeque-mate </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> </th> <td>R rege king </td> <td>D damă / regină lady / queen </td> <td>T turn / tură tower </td> <td>N nebun fool </td> <td>C cal horse </td> <td>(P) pion </td> <td><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98ah_(joc)" class="extiw" title="ro:Șah (joc)">Șah</a> </td> <td>Șah </td> <td>Mat / Șah mat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </th> <td>Кр король (korol') king </td> <td>Ф ферзь / королева (ferz' / koroleva) vizier / queen </td> <td>Л ладья (ladya) boat </td> <td>С слон (slon) elephant </td> <td>К конь (kon') horse </td> <td>(П) пешка (peshka) </td> <td><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:шахматы">шахматы</a> (shakhmaty) </td> <td>шах (shakh) </td> <td>мат (mat) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a> </th> <td>R righ king </td> <td>B bànrigh queen </td> <td>T tùr tower </td> <td>E easbaig bishop </td> <td>D ridir knight </td> <td>(P) pàn pawn </td> <td><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/fe%C3%B2irne" class="extiw" title="gd:feòirne">feòirne</a> </td> <td>casg </td> <td>tul-chasg </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> </th> <td>K kralj (К краљ) king </td> <td>D kraljica / dama (Д краљицa / дама) queen / lady </td> <td>T top / kula (Т топ / кула) cannon / tower </td> <td>L lovac / strijelac / laufer (Л ловац / стрелац / лауфер) hunter / archer / runner </td> <td>S skakač / konj (С скaкaч / коњ) jumper / horse </td> <td>(P) pješak / pion / pijun ((П) пешак / пион / пијун) footman / pawn </td> <td><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ah" class="extiw" title="sh:Šah">Šah</a> (Шах) </td> <td>Šah (Шах) </td> <td>Mat (Мат) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Northern Sotho</a> </th> <td>К Kgoši </td> <td>Kg Kgošigadi </td> <td>N Ntlosebô / Moshate </td> <td>Mp Mopišopo </td> <td>M Mogale </td> <td>S Seitšhireletšo </td> <td><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moruba_wa_sekgowa" class="extiw" title="nso:Moruba wa sekgowa">Tšhêšê</a> </td> <td>Check </td> <td>Checkmate </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a> </th> <td>R re king </td> <td>D riggina queen </td> <td>T turru tower </td> <td>A alferu </td> <td>S scecc[h]u donkey </td> <td>(P) pidinu foot soldier </td> <td><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scacchi" class="extiw" title="scn:Scacchi">Scacchi</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> </th> <td>K kráľ king </td> <td>D dáma lady </td> <td>V veža tower </td> <td>S strelec shooter </td> <td>J jazdec rider </td> <td>(P) pešiak infantryman / pawn </td> <td><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ach_(hra)" class="extiw" title="sk:Šach (hra)">Šach</a> </td> <td>Šach </td> <td>Mat / Šachmat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> </th> <td>K kralj king </td> <td>D dama lady </td> <td>T trdnjava castle </td> <td>L lovec hunter </td> <td>S skakač jumper </td> <td>(P) kmet farmer </td> <td><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ah" class="extiw" title="sl:Šah">Šah</a> </td> <td>Šah </td> <td>Mat / Šahmat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> </th> <td>R rey king </td> <td>D dama / reina lady / queen </td> <td>T torre tower </td> <td>A alfil </td> <td>C caballo horse </td> <td>(P) peón foot soldier </td> <td><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajedrez" class="extiw" title="es:Ajedrez">Ajedrez</a> </td> <td>Jaque </td> <td>Jaque mate </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> </th> <td>K kung king </td> <td>D dam / drottning lady / queen </td> <td>T torn tower </td> <td>L löpare runner </td> <td>H springare / riddare horse/knight </td> <td>(B) bonde peasant </td> <td><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schack" class="extiw" title="sv:Schack">Schack</a> </td> <td>Schack </td> <td>Schack matt </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> </th> <td>K அரசன் (arasaṉ) king </td> <td>Q அரசி (araci) queen </td> <td>R கோட்டை (kōṭṭai) castle </td> <td>B அமைச்சர் / மந்திரி (amaicchar / manthiri) minister </td> <td>N/Kt குதிரை (kutirai) horse </td> <td>(P) காலாள் / சிப்பாய் (kālāḷ / cippāy) foot soldier / <a href="/wiki/Sepoy" title="Sepoy">sepoy</a> </td> <td><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" class="extiw" title="ta:சதுரங்கம்">சதுரங்கம்</a> (sathurankam) </td> <td>முற்றுகை (muṟṟukai) </td> <td>இறுதி முற்றுகை (iṟuti muṟṟukai) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> </th> <td>రాజు (rāju) king </td> <td>మంత్రి (maṃtri) minister </td> <td>ఏనుగు (ēnugu) elephant </td> <td>శకటు (śakaţu) </td> <td>గుర్రం (gurraṃ) horse </td> <td>బంటు (baṃţu) soldier </td> <td><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82_(%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%9F)" class="extiw" title="te:చదరంగం (ఆట)">చదరంగం</a> (cadaraṃgaṃ) </td> <td>దాడి (dāḍi) </td> <td>కట్టు (kaţţu) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> </th> <td>ข ขุน (khun) king </td> <td>ต เม็ด / ตรี / มนตรี (met / tri / montri) counselor </td> <td>ร เรือ (ruea) ship </td> <td>ค โคน (khon) </td> <td>ม ม้า (ma) horse </td> <td>(บ) เบี้ย (bia) menial </td> <td><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81" class="extiw" title="th:หมากรุก">หมากรุก</a> (makruk) </td> <td>รุก (ruk) </td> <td>จน (chon) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> </th> <td>Ş/K şah / kral shah / king </td> <td>V vezir vizier </td> <td>K kale castle </td> <td>F fil elephant </td> <td>A at horse </td> <td>(P) er / piyon soldier / pawn </td> <td><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satran%C3%A7" class="extiw" title="tr:Satranç">Satranç</a> </td> <td>Şah </td> <td>Mat </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> </th> <td>Kр король (korol) king </td> <td>Ф ферзь (ferz) vizier </td> <td>T тура (tura) tower </td> <td>C слон (slon) elephant </td> <td>K кінь (kin) horse </td> <td>(П) пішак / пішка (pishak / pishka) foot soldier </td> <td><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Шахи">Шахи</a> (shakhi) </td> <td>Шах (shakh) </td> <td>Мат (mat) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> </th> <td>بادشاہ (bādshāh) </td> <td>وزیر (vazīr) </td> <td>رخ (rukh) </td> <td>فيلہ (fiyalah) </td> <td>گھوڑا (ghōṛā) </td> <td>پیادہ (pyādah) </td> <td><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC" class="extiw" title="ur:شطرنج">شطرنج</a> (šaṭranj) </td> <td>شہ (sheh) </td> <td>شہمات (shehmāt) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> </th> <td>V vua king </td> <td>H hậu queen </td> <td>X xe chariot </td> <td>T tượng / tịnh / voi statue / elephant </td> <td>M mã / ngựa horse </td> <td>tốt / chốt / binh soldier </td> <td><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%9D_vua" class="extiw" title="vi:Cờ vua">Cờ vua</a> </td> <td>Chiếu / Chiếu tướng </td> <td>Chiếu bí / Chiếu hết / Sát cục / Tuyệt sát </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> </th> <td>T teyrn / brenin lord / king </td> <td>B brenhines queen </td> <td>C castell castle </td> <td>E esgob bishop </td> <td>M marchog rider </td> <td>(G) gwerinwr peasant </td> <td><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyddbwyll" class="extiw" title="cy:Gwyddbwyll">Gwyddbwyll</a> </td> <td>Siach </td> <td>Siachmat </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_notation" title="Chess notation">Chess notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_annotation_symbols" title="Chess annotation symbols">Chess annotation symbols</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> The main differences from standard Algebraic are that there is both a dot and a space after each move number, and an upper case "O" is used, instead of a zero, in the notation for castling. Presumably these were initially just one individual's personal foible (or error) in the early days of chess on the Internet, but the standard is now established. — Burgess (1997)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Oxford-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHooperWhyld1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Vincent_Hooper" title="David Vincent Hooper">Hooper, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Whyld" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Whyld">Whyld, Kenneth</a> (1996) [First pub. 1992]. "standard notation". <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess">The Oxford Companion to Chess</a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 389. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280049-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280049-3"><bdi>0-19-280049-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=standard+notation&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Chess&rft.pages=389&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-19-280049-3&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Whyld%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgebraic+notation+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alanwood.net/unicode/miscellaneous_symbols.html">"Test for Unicode support in Web browsers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Test+for+Unicode+support+in+Web+browsers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alanwood.net%2Funicode%2Fmiscellaneous_symbols.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgebraic+notation+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FideLawsOfChess-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FideLawsOfChess_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FideLawsOfChess_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/E012018">"FIDE Laws of Chess taking effect from 1 January 2018"</a>. FIDE. 2018-01-01. Retrieved 12 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FIDE&rft.atitle=FIDE+Laws+of+Chess+taking+effect+from+1+January+2018&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhandbook.fide.com%2Fchapter%2FE012018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgebraic+notation+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> see FIDE Laws of Chess<a href="#cite_note-FideLawsOfChess-3">[3]</a>: Apdx C.9.3 . </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Article 9.1.2.2 in FIDE Laws of Chess<a href="#cite_note-FideLawsOfChess-3">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgess2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Burgess" title="Graham Burgess">Burgess, Graham</a> (2000) [1997]. The Mammoth Book of Chess. Carroll & Graph. p. 517. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7867-0725-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7867-0725-9"><bdi>0-7867-0725-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mammoth+Book+of+Chess&rft.pages=517&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graph&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7867-0725-9&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgebraic+notation+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vegachess.com/download/vega8_en.pdf">User's Manual</a> for Vega Chess Pairing Software (FIDE-approved), p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Geurt_Gijssen" title="Geurt Gijssen">Geurt Gijssen</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chesscafe.com/geurt/geurt164.pdf">An Arbiter's Notebook</a>, no. 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-wbec_UCIp-10"><a href="#cite_ref-wbec_UCIp_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wbec-ridderkerk.nl/html/UCIProtocol.html">"UCI protocol"</a>. wbec-ridderkerk.nl. Retrieved 2018-06-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wbec-ridderkerk.nl&rft.atitle=UCI+protocol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwbec-ridderkerk.nl%2Fhtml%2FUCIProtocol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgebraic+notation+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saremba.de/chessgml/standards/pgn/pgn-complete.htm">"Standard: Portable Game Notation Specification and Implementation Guide"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard%3A+Portable+Game+Notation+Specification+and+Implementation+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saremba.de%2Fchessgml%2Fstandards%2Fpgn%2Fpgn-complete.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgebraic+notation+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray1913" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Harold James Ruthven (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archive.org/details/AHistoryOfChessHJRMurray">A History of Chess</a>. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. pp. 469–470.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Chess&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=469-470&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Harold+James+Ruthven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdetails%2FAHistoryOfChessHJRMurray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgebraic+notation+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson,_Henry1981" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Henry (1981). A Short History of Chess. David McKay. pp. 152–153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0679145509" title="Special:BookSources/978-0679145509"><bdi>978-0679145509</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Chess&rft.pages=152-153&rft.pub=David+McKay&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0679145509&rft.au=Davidson%2C+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgebraic+notation+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWall" class="citation web cs1">Wall, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://billwall.phpwebhosting.com/articles/chess_notation.htm">"Chess Notation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chess+Notation&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbillwall.phpwebhosting.com%2Farticles%2Fchess_notation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgebraic+notation+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaunton1866" class="citation book cs1">Staunton, Howard (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tchh5AGWYj4C&q=Staunton+%22Chess-Player%27s+Handbook%22">The Chess-Player's Handbook</a> (Second, revised ed.). London, UK: Bell & Daldy. p. 501 – via Google Books. <q>A popular and scientific introduction to the game of chess, exemplified in games actually played by the greatest masters, and illustrated by numerous diagrams of original and remarkable positions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chess-Player%27s+Handbook&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=501&rft.edition=Second%2C+revised&rft.pub=Bell+%26+Daldy&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Staunton&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtchh5AGWYj4C%26q%3DStaunton%2B%2522Chess-Player%2527s%2BHandbook%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgebraic+notation+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Sources for this section include Wikipedia articles in various languages. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027093550/http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/Metro/9154/nap-pieces.htm">Archived</a> 2009-10-25. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> The Estonian chess terms were coined by <a href="/wiki/Ado_Grenzstein" title="Ado Grenzstein">Ado Grenzstein</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fide.com/fide/handbook.html?id=33&view=category">"Handbook"</a>. www.fide.com. Retrieved 22 March 2019. <q>The pieces bear the names: Koenig, Dame, Turm, Laeufer, Springer, Bauer</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fide.com&rft.atitle=Handbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fide.com%2Ffide%2Fhandbook.html%3Fid%3D33%26view%3Dcategory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgebraic+notation+%28chess%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murray-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murray_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murray_19-1">b</a> H. J. R. Murray, <a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Chess" title="A History of Chess">A History of Chess</a>, ch. 11. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">The Wikibook <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chess" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Chess">Chess</a> has a page on the topic of: <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chess/Notating_The_Game" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Chess/Notating The Game">Notating The Game</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/algebraic_notation" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:algebraic notation">algebraic notation</a> or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Algebraic_notation" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Algebraic notation">Appendix:Algebraic notation</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/E012023">FIDE Laws of Chess</a> (see Appendix C. Algebraic Notation)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chess" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chess" title="Template:Chess"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chess" title="Template talk:Chess"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chess" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chess"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chess" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">Chess</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_chess" title="Outline of chess">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_theory" title="Chess theory">Chess theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_title" title="Chess title">Chess titles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">Grandmaster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_chess" title="Computer chess">Computer chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_computer_chess_terms" title="Glossary of computer chess terms">glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_chess_matches" title="Human–computer chess matches">matches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_software" title="List of chess software">software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_chess" title="Correspondence chess">Correspondence chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_chess" title="Online chess">Online chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premove" title="Premove">Premove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_chess_server" title="Internet chess server">Internet chess server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_chess_servers" title="List of Internet chess servers">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_rating_system" title="Chess rating system">Rating system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_world_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="FIDE world rankings">world rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_(chess)" title="Norm (chess)">norms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_variant" title="Chess variant">Variants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_variants" title="List of chess variants">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_chess" title="List of world records in chess">World records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_equipment" title="Chess equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_set" title="Chess set">Chess set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chessboard" title="Chessboard">chessboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_chess_set" title="Dubrovnik chess set">Dubrovnik chess set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton chess set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">Chess pieces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">Rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_clock" title="Chess clock">Chess clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_table" title="Chess table">Chess table</a></li> <li><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#score_sheets" title="Glossary of chess">Score sheets</a></dfn></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_chess" title="History of chess">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chess" title="Timeline of chess">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versus_de_scachis" title="Versus de scachis">Versus de scachis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_manuscript" title="Göttingen manuscript">Göttingen manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne_chessmen" title="Charlemagne chessmen">Charlemagne chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_chess" title="Romantic chess">Romantic chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(chess)" title="Hypermodernism (chess)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_chess_school" title="Soviet chess school">Soviet chess school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_top_chess_players_throughout_history" title="Comparison of top chess players throughout history">Top player comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_chess" title="Geography of chess">Geography of chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Africa" title="Chess in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_South_Africa" title="Chess in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_China" title="Chess in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Europe" title="Chess in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Armenia" title="Chess in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Spain" title="Chess in Spain">Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_India" title="Chess in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_games" title="List of chess games">Notable games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_players" title="List of chess players">List of chess players</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amateur_chess_players" title="List of amateur chess players">amateurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_chess_players" title="List of female chess players">female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_grandmasters" title="List of chess grandmasters">grandmasters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_chess" title="Women in chess">Women in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_museums" title="Category:Chess museums">Chess museums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer_Center" title="Bobby Fischer Center">Bobby Fischer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kyay_Association_Chess_Museum" title="Gökyay Association Chess Museum">Gökyay Association Chess Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Chess Hall of Fame">World Chess Hall of Fame</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess" title="Rules of chess">Rules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling" title="Castling">Castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_chess" title="Cheating in chess">Cheating in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">Checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">Draw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draw_by_agreement" title="Draw by agreement">by agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifty-move_rule" title="Fifty-move rule">Fifty-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_check" title="Perpetual check">Perpetual check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalemate" title="Stalemate">Stalemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_repetition" title="Threefold repetition">Threefold repetition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/En_passant" title="En passant">En passant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">Pawn promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_control" title="Time control">Time control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_chess" title="Fast chess">Fast chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch-move_rule" title="Touch-move rule">Touch-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_and_Black_in_chess" title="White and Black in chess">White and Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blunder_(chess)" title="Blunder (chess)">Blunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_notation" title="Chess notation">Chess notation</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">algebraic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descriptive_notation" title="Descriptive notation">descriptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Game_Notation" title="Portable Game Notation">PGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_annotation_symbols" title="Chess annotation symbols">annotation symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Chess symbols in Unicode">symbols in Unicode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianchetto" title="Fianchetto">Fianchetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambit" title="Gambit">Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_square" title="Key square">Key square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_walk" title="King walk">King walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_file" title="Open file">Open file</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-open_file" title="Half-open file">Half-open file</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_(chess)" title="Outpost (chess)">Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backward_pawn" title="Backward pawn">backward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_pawns" title="Connected pawns">connected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubled_pawns" title="Doubled pawns">doubled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">isolated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_pawn" title="Passed pawn">passed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindle_(chess)" title="Swindle (chess)">Swindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(chess)" title="Tempo (chess)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposition_(chess)" title="Transposition (chess)">Transposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_traps" title="List of chess traps">Trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tactic" title="Chess tactic">Tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling#Artificial_castling" title="Castling">Artificial castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_(chess)" title="Battery (chess)">Battery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_gun" title="Alekhine's gun">Alekhine's gun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(chess)" title="Block (chess)">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate_pattern" title="Checkmate pattern">Checkmate patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_(chess)" title="Combination (chess)">Combination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoy_(chess)" title="Decoy (chess)">Decoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflection_(chess)" title="Deflection (chess)">Deflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desperado_(chess)" title="Desperado (chess)">Desperado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovered_attack" title="Discovered attack">Discovered attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_check" title="Double check">Double check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(chess)" title="Fork (chess)">Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(chess)" title="Interference (chess)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overloading_(chess)" title="Overloading (chess)">Overloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_storm" title="Pawn storm">Pawn storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(chess)" title="Pin (chess)">Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(chess)" title="Sacrifice (chess)">Sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_sacrifice" title="Queen sacrifice">Queen sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skewer_(chess)" title="Skewer (chess)">Skewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undermining_(chess)" title="Undermining (chess)">Undermining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_(chess)" title="Windmill (chess)">Windmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_(chess)" title="X-ray (chess)">X-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwischenzug" title="Zwischenzug">Zwischenzug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_strategy" title="Chess strategy">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compensation_(chess)" title="Compensation (chess)">Compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_(chess)" title="Exchange (chess)">Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_exchange_(chess)" title="The exchange (chess)">the exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_(chess)" title="Initiative (chess)">Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-move_advantage_in_chess" title="First-move advantage in chess">first-move advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_middlegame" title="Chess middlegame">Middlegame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_structure" title="Pawn structure">Pawn structure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedgehog_(chess)" title="Hedgehog (chess)">Hedgehog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">Isolated Queen's Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%B3czy_Bind" title="Maróczy Bind">Maróczy Bind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_attack" title="Minority attack">Minority attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">Piece values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophylaxis_(chess)" title="Prophylaxis (chess)">Prophylaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_chess" title="School of chess">School of chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening" title="Chess opening">Openings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flank_opening" title="Flank opening">Flank opening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Fianchetto_Opening" title="King's Fianchetto Opening">Benko Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Opening" title="Bird's Opening">Bird's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunst_Opening" title="Dunst Opening">Dunst Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Opening" title="English Opening">English Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grob%27s_Attack" title="Grob's Attack">Grob's Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larsen%27s_Opening" class="mw-redirect" title="Larsen's Opening">Larsen's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zukertort_Opening" title="Zukertort Opening">Zukertort Opening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Attack" title="King's Indian Attack">King's Indian Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ti_Opening" title="Réti Opening">Réti Opening</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Pawn_Game" title="King's Pawn Game">King's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_Defence" title="Alekhine's Defence">Alekhine's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro%E2%80%93Kann_Defence" title="Caro–Kann Defence">Caro–Kann Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Defence" title="French Defence">French Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Defense" title="Modern Defense">Modern Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzowitsch_Defence" title="Nimzowitsch Defence">Nimzowitsch Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Game" title="Open Game">Open Game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Knights_Game" title="Four Knights Game">Four Knights Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuoco_Piano" title="Giuoco Piano">Giuoco Piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Game" title="Italian Game">Italian Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Gambit" title="King's Gambit">King's Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov%27s_Defence" title="Petrov's Defence">Petrov's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_Defence" title="Philidor Defence">Philidor Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponziani_Opening" title="Ponziani Opening">Ponziani Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_Lopez" title="Ruy Lopez">Ruy Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Italian_Opening" title="Semi-Italian Opening">Semi-Italian Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Game" title="Scotch Game">Scotch Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Knights_Defense" title="Two Knights Defense">Two Knights Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Game" title="Vienna Game">Vienna Game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen%27s_Defence" title="Owen's Defence">Owen's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence" title="Pirc Defence">Pirc Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence,_Austrian_Attack" title="Pirc Defence, Austrian Attack">Austrian Attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Defense" title="Scandinavian Defense">Scandinavian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence" title="Sicilian Defence">Sicilian Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Alapin_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Alapin Variation">Alapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Dragon_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation">Dragon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Accelerated_Dragon" title="Sicilian Defence, Accelerated Dragon">Accelerated Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Najdorf_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation">Najdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Scheveningen_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation">Scheveningen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Pawn_Game" title="Queen's Pawn Game">Queen's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Gambit" title="Budapest Gambit">Budapest Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colle_System" title="Colle System">Colle System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Defence" title="Dutch Defence">Dutch Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence" title="English Defence">English Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Defence" title="Indian Defence">Indian Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benoni_Defense" title="Benoni Defense">Benoni Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Benoni" title="Modern Benoni">Modern Benoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogo-Indian_Defence" title="Bogo-Indian Defence">Bogo-Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Opening" title="Catalan Opening">Catalan Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Defence" title="Grünfeld Defence">Grünfeld Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Defence" title="King's Indian Defence">King's Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzo-Indian_Defence" title="Nimzo-Indian Defence">Nimzo-Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Indian_Defense" title="Old Indian Defense">Old Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Indian_Defense" title="Queen's Indian Defense">Queen's Indian Defence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_System" title="London System">London System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richter%E2%80%93Veresov_Attack" title="Richter–Veresov Attack">Richter–Veresov Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit" title="Queen's Gambit">Queen's Gambit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Accepted" title="Queen's Gambit Accepted">Accepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Declined" title="Queen's Gambit Declined">Declined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slav_Defense" title="Slav Defense">Slav Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Slav_Defense" title="Semi-Slav Defense">Semi-Slav Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigorin_Defense" title="Chigorin Defense">Chigorin Defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_Attack" title="Torre Attack">Torre Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trompowsky_Attack" title="Trompowsky Attack">Trompowsky Attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_openings" title="List of chess openings">List of openings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_theory_table" title="Chess opening theory table">theory table</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_gambits" title="List of chess gambits">List of chess gambits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_chess_opening" title="Irregular chess opening">Irregular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongcloud_Attack" title="Bongcloud Attack">Bongcloud Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_mate" title="Fool's mate">Fool's mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholar%27s_mate" title="Scholar's mate">Scholar's mate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">Endgames</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_and_knight_checkmate" title="Bishop and knight checkmate">Bishop and knight checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_pawn_versus_king_endgame" title="King and pawn versus king endgame">King and pawn vs king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposite-colored_bishops_endgame" title="Opposite-colored bishops endgame">Opposite-coloured bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnless_chess_endgame" title="Pawnless chess endgame">Pawnless endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_and_pawn_versus_queen_endgame" title="Queen and pawn versus queen endgame">Queen and pawn vs queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_pawn_endgame" title="Queen versus pawn endgame">Queen vs pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_rook_endgame" title="Queen versus rook endgame">Queen vs rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_bishop_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and bishop versus rook endgame">Rook and bishop vs rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_pawn_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and pawn versus rook endgame">Rook and pawn vs rook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucena_position" title="Lucena position">Lucena position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_position" title="Philidor position">Philidor position</a></li></ul></li> <li>Strategy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_(chess)" title="Fortress (chess)">fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(chess)" title="Opposition (chess)">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrasch_rule" title="Tarrasch rule">Tarrasch rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(chess)" title="Triangulation (chess)">triangulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">Zugzwang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_study" title="Endgame study">Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_tablebase" title="Endgame tablebase">Tablebase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_knights_endgame" title="Two knights endgame">Two knights endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_bishop" title="Wrong bishop">Wrong bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_rook_pawn" title="Wrong rook pawn">Wrong rook pawn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tournament" title="Chess tournament">Tournaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_strong_chess_tournaments" title="List of strong chess tournaments">List of strong chess tournaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_Olympiad" title="Chess Olympiad">Chess Olympiad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Chess_Olympiad" title="Women's Chess Olympiad">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship" title="World Chess Championship">World Chess Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Chess_Championships" title="List of World Chess Championships">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidates_Tournament" title="Candidates Tournament">Candidates Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_World_Cup" title="Chess World Cup">Chess World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_Grand_Prix" title="FIDE Grand Prix">FIDE Grand Prix</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other world championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_World_Chess_Championship" title="Women's World Chess Championship">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Team_Chess_Championship" title="World Team Chess Championship">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rapid_Chess_Championship" title="World Rapid Chess Championship">Rapid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Blitz_Chess_Championship" title="World Blitz Chess Championship">Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Chess_Championship" title="World Junior Chess Championship">Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship" title="World Youth Chess Championship">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Chess_Championship" title="World Senior Chess Championship">Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Amateur_Chess_Championship" title="World Amateur Chess Championship">Amateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Championship_of_Chess_Composition" title="World Championship of Chess Composition">Chess composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Solving_Championship" title="World Chess Solving Championship">Solving</a></li></ul></li> <li>Computer chess championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess.com_Computer_Chess_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess.com Computer Chess Championship">CCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Open_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="Dutch Open Computer Chess Championship">CSVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="North American Computer Chess Championship">North American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Chess_Engine_Championship" title="Top Chess Engine Championship">TCEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Chess Championship">WCCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Speed_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Speed Chess Championship">WCSCC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFssa" title="Caïssa">Caïssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_aesthetics" title="Chess aesthetics">Chess aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts" title="Chess in the arts">Chess in the arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_early_literature" title="Chess in early literature">early literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_chess" title="Category:Films about chess">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_about_chess" title="Category:Novels about chess">novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_paintings" title="Category:Chess paintings">paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poems_about_chess" title="Category:Poems about chess">poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_stories_about_chess" title="Category:Short stories about chess">short stories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_books" title="List of chess books">Chess books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_book" title="Chess opening book">opening books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame_literature" title="Chess endgame literature">endgame literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess">Oxford Companion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_libraries" title="Chess libraries">Chess libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_columns_in_newspapers" title="Chess columns in newspapers">Chess newspaper columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_periodicals" title="List of chess periodicals">Chess periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbiter_(chess)" title="Arbiter (chess)">Arbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_boxing" title="Chess boxing">Chess boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_club" title="Chess club">Chess club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_composer" title="Chess composer">Chess composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">Chess engine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaZero" title="AlphaZero">AlphaZero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Blue (chess computer)">Deep Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Chess_Zero" title="Leela Chess Zero">Leela Chess Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockfish_(chess)" title="Stockfish (chess)">Stockfish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_problem" title="Chess problem">Chess problem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess_problems" title="Glossary of chess problems">glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joke_chess_problem" title="Joke chess problem">joke chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_prodigy" title="Chess prodigy">Chess prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_exhibition" title="Simultaneous exhibition">Simultaneous exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solving_chess" title="Solving chess">Solving chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Chess.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chess.svg/28px-Chess.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chess.svg/42px-Chess.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chess.svg/56px-Chess.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Chess" title="Portal:Chess">Chess 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