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organophosphate pesticides</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: organophosphate pesticides"> <meta name="keywords" content="organophosphate pesticides"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="organophosphate pesticides"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 297</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: organophosphate pesticides</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> In vitro Estimation of Genotoxic Lesions in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Rat Exposed to Organophosphate Pesticides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ojha">A. Ojha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20K.%20Gupta"> Y. K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are among the most widely used synthetic chemicals for controlling a wide variety of pests throughout the world. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), methyl parathion (MPT), and malathion (MLT) are among the most extensively used OP pesticides in India. DNA strand breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) are toxic lesions associated with the mechanisms of toxicity of genotoxic compounds. In the present study, we have examined the potential of CPF, MPT, and MLT individually and in combination, to cause DNA strand breakage and DPC formation. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of rat were exposed to 1/4 and 1/10 LC50 dose of CPF, MPT, and MLT for 2, 4, 8, and 12h. The DNA strand break was measured by the comet assay and expressed as DNA damage index while DPC estimation was done by fluorescence emission. There was significantly marked increase in DNA damage and DNA-protein crosslink formation in time and dose dependent manner. It was also observed that MPT caused the highest level of DNA damage as compared to other studied OP compounds. Thus, from present study, we can conclude that studied pesticides have genotoxic potential. The pesticides mixture does not potentiate the toxicity of each other. Nonetheless, additional in vivo data are required before a definitive conclusion can be drawn regarding hazard prediction to humans. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organophosphate" title="organophosphate">organophosphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20damage" title=" DNA damage"> DNA damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20protein%20crosslink" title=" DNA protein crosslink"> DNA protein crosslink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotoxic" title=" genotoxic"> genotoxic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14835/in-vitro-estimation-of-genotoxic-lesions-in-peripheral-blood-lymphocytes-of-rat-exposed-to-organophosphate-pesticides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> Efficient Reduction of Organophosphate Pesticide from Fruits and Vegetables Using Cost Effective Neutralizer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debjani%20Dasgupta">Debjani Dasgupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aman%20Zalawadia"> Aman Zalawadia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuj%20Thapa"> Anuj Thapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pranjali%20Sing"> Pranjali Sing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Dabade"> Ashish Dabade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organophosphate group pesticides are common pesticide group, which gain entry into food product due to incomplete removal of pesticide residues. The current food industry raw material handling process is not sufficient to eliminate pesticide residues. A neutralizer was used to neutralize the residues of pesticide on Vitis vinifera (Grapes). The water based dilution of neutralizer was demonstrated on fruits like grapes. Analysis for pesticides in water wash and neutralizer wash was carried out using GCMS. Fruits washed with neutralizer exhibited 72.95% removal of pesticides compared with normal water wash method. An economical chemical neutralizer can be used to remove such residues in raw material handling at industrial scale with minor modification in process to achieve minimum pesticide entry into final food products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GCMS" title="GCMS">GCMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organophosphate" title=" organophosphate"> organophosphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raw%20material%20handling" title=" raw material handling"> raw material handling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitis%20vinifera" title=" Vitis vinifera"> Vitis vinifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticide%20neutralizer" title=" pesticide neutralizer"> pesticide neutralizer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75453/efficient-reduction-of-organophosphate-pesticide-from-fruits-and-vegetables-using-cost-effective-neutralizer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticide and Fetal Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Shuan%20ShaoShao">Yi-Shuan ShaoShao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yen-An%20Tsai"> Yen-An Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Huang%20Chang"> Chia-Huang Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai-Wei%20Liao"> Kai-Wei Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Song%20Tsai"> Ming-Song Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Lien%20Chen"> Mei-Lien Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) is an environmental hormone with proven endocrine-disrupting effects that may affect the growth and development in human. A large amount of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) is used throughout Taiwan, and human may be exposed through dietary intake or residential use. During pregnancy, OPs can be transferred to the blood stream reaching the fetus through the placenta. The aim of this study was to explore the association between maternal OPs exposure levels and fetal developments and birth outcomes. A birth cohort was follow-up. Maternal urine sample were collected at the first, second, and third gestational trimester. Fetal growth characteristics were measured by ultrasonic scan and birth outcomes were assessed by pediatrician. Urinary metabolite of organophosphate pesticides were assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analytes included dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), dimethyldithiophosphates (DMDTP), diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), and diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP). We found that all of urine samples in each trimester were detected at least one metabolite for dialkyl phosphate (DAP). The detection rate range of OP urinary metabolites were from the lowest 22% DEDTP to the highest 100% DMP and DMTP. And to compared geometric means (GM) of urinary metabolites with three trimesters, that third trimester had the highest concentration for DMPs, DEPs, and DAPs in pregnant women were 368.01, 169.85 and 543.75 nmol/g creatinine, respectively. We observed that DAPs concentration in first and second trimester were significantly negative association with head circumference. DMPs in first trimester was significantly negative association with thoracic circumference (p=0.05) by spearman correlation. Our results support associations with prenatal OPs exposure with fetal head circumference and thoracic circumference. It provided that maternal OPs exposure might affect birth outcomes. Thus, prenatal exposure to OPs and health risk worthy of attention and concern. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DAPs" title="DAPs">DAPs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=birth%20outcomes" title=" birth outcomes"> birth outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organophosphate%20pesticides" title=" organophosphate pesticides"> organophosphate pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prenatal" title=" prenatal"> prenatal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42358/prenatal-exposure-to-organophosphate-pesticide-and-fetal-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Development of Method for Detecting Low Concentration of Organophosphate Pesticides in Vegetables Using near Infrared Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atchara%20Sankom">Atchara Sankom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warapa%20Mahakarnchanakul"> Warapa Mahakarnchanakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronnarit%20Rittiron"> Ronnarit Rittiron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanaboon%20Sajjaanantakul"> Tanaboon Sajjaanantakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thammasak%20Thongket"> Thammasak Thongket</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vegetables are frequently contaminated with pesticides residues resulting in the most food safety concern among agricultural products. The objective of this work was to develop a method to detect the organophosphate (OP) pesticides residues in vegetables using Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique. Low concentration (ppm) of OP pesticides in vegetables were investigated. The experiment was divided into 2 sections. In the first section, Chinese kale spiked with different concentrations of chlorpyrifos pesticide residues (0.5-100 ppm) was chosen as the sample model to demonstrate the appropriate conditions of sample preparation, both for a solution or solid sample. The spiked samples were extracted with acetone. The sample extracts were applied as solution samples, while the solid samples were prepared by the dry-extract system for infrared (DESIR) technique. The DESIR technique was performed by embedding the solution sample on filter paper (GF/A) and then drying. The NIR spectra were measured with the transflectance mode over wavenumber regions of 12,500-4000 cm⁻¹. The QuEChERS method followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed as the standard method. The results from the first section showed that the DESIR technique with NIR spectroscopy demonstrated good accurate calibration result with R² of 0.93 and RMSEP of 8.23 ppm. However, in the case of solution samples, the prediction regarding the NIR-PLSR (partial least squares regression) equation showed poor performance (R² = 0.16 and RMSEP = 23.70 ppm). In the second section, the DESIR technique coupled with NIR spectroscopy was applied to the detection of OP pesticides in vegetables. Vegetables (Chinese kale, cabbage and hot chili) were spiked with OP pesticides (chlorpyrifos ethion and profenofos) at different concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 100 ppm. Solid samples were prepared (based on the DESIR technique), then samples were scanned by NIR spectrophotometer at ambient temperature (25+2°C). The NIR spectra were measured as in the first section. The NIR- PLSR showed the best calibration equation for detecting low concentrations of chlorpyrifos residues in vegetables (Chinese kale, cabbage and hot chili) according to the prediction set of R2 and RMSEP of 0.85-0.93 and 8.23-11.20 ppm, respectively. For ethion residues, the best calibration equation of NIR-PLSR showed good indexes of R² and RMSEP of 0.88-0.94 and 7.68-11.20 ppm, respectively. As well as the results for profenofos pesticide, the NIR-PLSR also showed the best calibration equation for detecting the profenofos residues in vegetables according to the good index of R² and RMSEP of 0.88-0.97 and 5.25-11.00 ppm, respectively. Moreover, the calibration equation developed in this work could rapidly predict the concentrations of OP pesticides residues (0.5-100 ppm) in vegetables, and there was no significant difference between NIR-predicted values and actual values (data from GC-MS) at a confidence interval of 95%. In this work, the proposed method using NIR spectroscopy involving the DESIR technique has proved to be an efficient method for the screening detection of OP pesticides residues at low concentrations, and thus increases the food safety potential of vegetables for domestic and export markets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIR%20spectroscopy" title="NIR spectroscopy">NIR spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organophosphate%20pesticide" title=" organophosphate pesticide"> organophosphate pesticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetable" title=" vegetable"> vegetable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title=" food safety"> food safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95514/development-of-method-for-detecting-low-concentration-of-organophosphate-pesticides-in-vegetables-using-near-infrared-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Factors Associated with Pesticides Used and Plasma Cholinesterase Level among Agricultural Workers in Rural Area, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pirakorn%20Sukonthaman">Pirakorn Sukonthaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paphitchaya%20Temphattharachok">Paphitchaya Temphattharachok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warangkana%20Thammasanya"> Warangkana Thammasanya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kraichart%20Tantrakarnarpa"> Kraichart Tantrakarnarpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanongson%20Tientavorn"> Tanongson Tientavorn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agriculture is the main occupation in Thailand. Excessive amount of pesticides are used to increase the products but are toxic to human body. In 2009, Bureau of Epidemiology received 1,691 cases reported with pesticides toxicity (2.66:100,000) which 10.61 % of them is caused by Organophosphate. The purposes are to find factors associated with pesticides used and plasma cholinesterase level and other emerging issues that previous studies did not explain among agricultural workers in Baan Na Yao, Chachoengsao, Thailand. This research was an exploratory mixed method study. Qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaires were used together in order to gather information from the agricultural workers (mainly cassava and rice farming) directly exposed to pesticides within 2 months simultaneously. Qualitative participants were selected by purposive sampling and a total survey for quantitative ones. The quantitative data was statistically analyzed by using multiple logistic regression model. Qualitative data was transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. For qualitative study, 15 participants were interviewed and 300/323 participants (92.88%) were given questionnaires, of which were 175 male and 125 female and 113 among them were spraymen. The prevalence of abnormal plasma cholinesterase level was 92.28% (Safe 7.72% Risky 49.33% and Unsafe 42.95%). Participants with inappropriate behaviors during spraying had a significant association with plasma cholinesterase level (95%CI=1.399-14.858) but other factors such as age, gender, education, attitude and knowledge had no association. They also had encountered various symptoms from pesticides such as fatigue (61%), vertigo (59.67%) and headache (58.86%), etc. Although they had high knowledge and attitude they still had poor behaviors. Moreover, our qualitative component showed that though they had worn the personal protective equipment (PPE) regularly, their PPE was not standard. Not only substandard PPE, but also there were obstacles of wearing such as the hot climate and inconvenience. They misunderstood their symptoms from using pesticides as allergy. Therefore, they did not seek for proper medical check-ups and treatment. This research revealed almost all of the participants have abnormal levels of plasma cholinesterase related especially those with poor behaviors. They also wore PPE but inadequately and misunderstood the symptoms produced by organophosphate use as allergy. Therefore, they did not seek for medical treatment. Occupation health education, modification of PPE and periodic medical checking are ways to make agricultural workers concern and know if there is any progression in a long term. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title="pesticides">pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20cholinesterase%20level" title=" plasma cholinesterase level"> plasma cholinesterase level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spraymen" title=" spraymen"> spraymen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20workers" title=" agricultural workers"> agricultural workers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18815/factors-associated-with-pesticides-used-and-plasma-cholinesterase-level-among-agricultural-workers-in-rural-area-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> Estimation of Level of Pesticide in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Its Correlation with Paraoxanase1 Gene in North Indian Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apurva%20Singh">Apurva Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P.%20Jaiswar"> S. P. Jaiswar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apala%20Priyadarshini"> Apala Priyadarshini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akancha%20Pandey"> Akancha Pandey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The aim of this study is to find the association of PON1 gene polymorphism with pesticides In RPL subjects. Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as three or more sequential abortions before the 20th week of gestation. Pesticides and its derivatives (organochlorine and organophosphate) are proposed to accommodate a ruler chemical for RPL in the sub-humid region of India. The paraoxonase-1 enzyme (PON1) plays an important role in the toxicity of some organophosphate pesticides, with low PON1 activity being associated with higher pesticide sensitivity Methodology: This is a case-control study done in Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology & Department of Biochemistry, K.G.M.U, Lucknow, India. The subjects were enrolled after fulfilling the inclusion & exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria: Cases- Subject having two or more spontaneous abortions & Control- Healthy female having one or more alive child was selected. Exclusion criteria: Cases & Control- Subject having the following disease will be excluded from the study Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Tuberculosis, Immunocompromised patients, any endocrine disorder and genital, colon or breast cancer any other malignancies. Blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes from cases & healthy control women & genomic DNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform method. The estimation of pesticides residue from blood was done by HPLC. Biochemical estimation was also performed. Genotyping of PON1 gene polymorphism was performed by RFLP. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS16.3 software. Results: A sum of total 14 pesticides (12 organochlorine and 2 organophosphate) selected on the basis of their persistent nature and consumption rate. The significant level of pesticide (ppb) estimated by the Mann whiney test and it was found to be significant at higher level of β-HCH (p:0.04), γ-HCH (p:0.001), δ-HCH (p: 0.002), chloropyrifos (p:0.001), pp-DDD (p:0.001) and fenvalrate (p: 0.001) in case group compare to its control. The level of antioxidant enzymes were found to be significantly decreased among the cases. Wild homozygous TT was more frequent and prevalent among control groups. However, heterozygous group (Tt) was more in cases than control groups (CI-0.3-1.3) (p=0.06). Conclusion: Higher levels of pesticides with endocrine disrupting potential in cases indicate the possible role of these compounds as one of the causes of recurrent pregnancy loss. Possibly, increased pesticide level appears to indicate increased levels of oxidative damage that has been associated with the possible cause of Recurrent Miscarriage, it may reflect indirect evidence of toxicity rather than the direct cause. Since both factors are reported to increase risk, individuals with higher levels of these 'Toxic compounds' especially in 'high-risk genotypes' might be more susceptible to recurrent pregnancy loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paraoxonase" title="paraoxonase">paraoxonase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PON1" title=" PON1"> PON1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RPL" title=" RPL"> RPL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92157/estimation-of-level-of-pesticide-in-recurrent-pregnancy-loss-and-its-correlation-with-paraoxanase1-gene-in-north-indian-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> Association between Organophosphate Pesticides Exposure and Cognitive Behavior in Taipei Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng-Ying%20Chiu">Meng-Ying Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Fang%20Huang"> Yu-Fang Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei-Wei%20Wang"> Pei-Wei Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Ru%20Wang"> Yi-Ru Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Shuan%20Shao"> Yi-Shuan Shao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Lien%20Chen"> Mei-Lien Chen </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are the most heavily used pesticides in agriculture in Taiwan. Therefore, they are commonly detected in general public including pregnant women and children. These compounds are proven endocrine disrupters that may affect the neural development in humans. The aim of this study is to assess the OPs exposure of children in 2 years of age and to examine the association between the exposure concentrations and neurodevelopmental effects in children. Methods: In a prospective cohort of 280 mother-child pairs, urine samples of prenatal and postnatal were collected from each participant and analyzed for metabolites of OPs by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Six analytes were measured including dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP), diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), and diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP). This study created a combined concentration measure for dimethyl compounds (DMs) consisting of the three dimethyl metabolites (DMP, DMTP, and DMDTP), for diethyl compounds (DEs) consisting of the three diethyl metabolites (DEP, DETP, and DEDTP) and six dialkyl phosphate (DAPs). The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) was used to assess children's cognitive behavior at 2 years old. The association between OPs exposure and Bayley-III scale score was determined by using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The measurements of urine samples are still on-going. This preliminary data are the report of 56 children aged 2 from the cohort. The detection rates for DMP, DMTP, DMDTP, DEP, DETP, and DEDTP are 80.4%, 69.6%, 64.3%, 64.3%, 62.5%, and 75%, respectively. After adjusting the creatinine concentrations of urine, the median (nmol/g creatinine) of urinary DMP, DMTP, DMDTP, DEP, DETP, DEDTP, DMs, DEs, and DAPs are 153.14, 53.32, 52.13, 19.24, 141.65, 192.17, 308.8, 311.6, and 702.11, respectively. The concentrations of urine are considerably higher than that in other countries. Children’s cognitive behavior was used three scales for Bayley-III, including cognitive, language and motor. In Mann-Whitney U test, the higher levels of DEs had significantly lower motor score (p=0.037), but no significant association was found between the OPs exposure levels and the score of either cognitive or language. Conclusion: The limited sample size suggests that Taipei children are commonly exposed to OPs and OPs exposure might affect the cognitive behavior of young children. This report will present more data to verify the results. The predictors of OPs concentrations, such as dietary pattern will also be included. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomonitoring" title="biomonitoring">biomonitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurodevelopment" title=" neurodevelopment"> neurodevelopment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organophosphate%20pesticides%20exposure" title=" organophosphate pesticides exposure"> organophosphate pesticides exposure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104827/association-between-organophosphate-pesticides-exposure-and-cognitive-behavior-in-taipei-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Molecular Docking Assessment of Pesticides Binding to Bacterial Chitinases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20Larisa%20Vladoiu">Diana Larisa Vladoiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasile%20Ostafe"> Vasile Ostafe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20Isvoran"> Adriana Isvoran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Molecular docking calculations reveal that pesticides provide favorable interactions with the bacterial chitinases. Pesticides interact with both hydrophilic and aromatic residues involved in the active site of the enzymes, their positions partially overlapping the substrate and the inhibitors locations. Molecular docking outcomes, in correlation with experimental literature data, suggest that the pesticides may be degraded or having an inhibitor effect on the activity of these enzymes, depending of the application dose and rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitinases" title="chitinases">chitinases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title=" inhibition"> inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20docking" title=" molecular docking"> molecular docking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25456/molecular-docking-assessment-of-pesticides-binding-to-bacterial-chitinases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">552</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> Experimental Measurements for the Effect of Dilution Procedure in Blood Esterases as Animals Biomarker for Exposure to Organophosphate Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasim%20Sakran%20Abass">Kasim Sakran Abass</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This main aim of this study was to confirm and extend our current knowledge about the effects of dilutions on esterases activities in the blood for birds with respect to protecting the enzyme from organophosphate inhibition. There were significantly higher esterases activities in dilution 1:10 in all blood samples from quail, duck, and chick compared to other dilutions (1:5, 1:15, 1:20, and 1:25). Furthermore, our results also pointed to the importance of estimating different dilutions effects prior to using in birds as biomarker tools of environmental exposure. Concentration–inhibition curves were determined for the inhibitor in the presence of dilutions 1:5, 1:10 plus 1:15 (to stimulate carboxylesterase). Point estimates (concentrations calculated to produce 20, 50, and 80% inhibition) were compared across conditions and served as a measure of esterase-mediated detoxification. Among the thiol esters (dilution 1:5) was observed to have the highest specificity constant (kcat/Km), and the Km and kcat values were 176 μM and 16,765 s−1, respectively for S-phenyl thioacetate ester, while detected in (dilution 1:15) the lowest specificity constant (kcat/Km), and the Km and kcat values were 943 μM and 1154 s−1, respectively for acetylthiocholine iodide ester. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterase" title="esterase">esterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal" title=" animal"> animal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dilution" title=" dilution"> dilution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11641/experimental-measurements-for-the-effect-of-dilution-procedure-in-blood-esterases-as-animals-biomarker-for-exposure-to-organophosphate-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> Plants and Microorganisms for Phytoremediation of Soils Polluted with Organochlorine Pesticides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maritsa%20Kurashvili">Maritsa Kurashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Adamia"> George Adamia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Ananiashvili"> Tamar Ananiashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lia%20Amiranasvili"> Lia Amiranasvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Varazi"> Tamar Varazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20Pruidze"> Marina Pruidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marlen%20Gordeziani"> Marlen Gordeziani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gia%20Khatisashvili"> Gia Khatisashvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of presented work is the development phytoremediation method targeted to cleaning environment polluted with organochlorine pesticides, based on joint application of plants and microorganisms. For this aim the selection of plants and microorganisms with corresponding capabilities towards three organochlorine pesticides (Lindane, DDT and PCP) has been carried out. The tolerance of plants to tested pesticides and induction degree of plant detoxification enzymes by these compounds have been used as main criteria for estimating the applicability of plants in proposed technology. Obtained results show that alfalfa, maize and soybean among tested six plant species have highest tolerance to pesticides. As a result of screening, more than 30 strains from genera Pseudomonas have been selected. As a result of GC analysis of incubation area, 11 active cultures for investigated pesticides are carefully chosen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lindane" title=" Lindane"> Lindane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organochlorine%20pesticides" title=" organochlorine pesticides"> organochlorine pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCP" title=" PCP"> PCP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoremediation" title=" phytoremediation"> phytoremediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3753/plants-and-microorganisms-for-phytoremediation-of-soils-polluted-with-organochlorine-pesticides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> Monitoring of Pesticide Content in Biscuits Available on the Vojvodina Market, Serbia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivana%20Loncarevic">Ivana Loncarevic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biljana%20Pajin"> Biljana Pajin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivana%20Vasiljevic"> Ivana Vasiljevic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milana%20Lazovic"> Milana Lazovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danica%20Mrkajic"> Danica Mrkajic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandar%20Fises"> Aleksandar Fises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Strahinja%20Kovacevic"> Strahinja Kovacevic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biscuits belong to a group of flour-confectionery products that are considerably consumed worldwide. The basic raw material for their production is wheat flour or integral flour as a nutritionally highly valuable component. However, this raw material is also a potential source of contamination since it may contain the residues of biochemical compounds originating from plant and soil protection agents. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the health safety of both raw materials and final products. The aim of this research was to examine the content of undesirable residues of pesticides (mostly organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, carbamate pesticides, triazine pesticides, and pyrethroid pesticides) in 30 different biscuit samples of domestic origin present on the Vojvodina market using Gas Chromatograph Thermo ISQ/Trace 1300. The results showed that all tested samples had the limit of detection of pesticide content below 0.01 mg/kg, indicating that this type of confectionary products is not contaminated with pesticides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biscuits" title="biscuits">biscuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title=" contamination"> contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100321/monitoring-of-pesticide-content-in-biscuits-available-on-the-vojvodina-market-serbia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> Microbiological Analysis of Polluted Water with Pesticides in Ben Mhidi (Northeastern of Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aimeurnadjette">Aimeurnadjette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammoudi%20Abd%20Erahmen"> Hammoudi Abd Erahmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bordjibaouahiba"> Bordjibaouahiba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For many years, the pesticides used in agriculture have been responsible for environmental degradation, particularly noticeable in the areas of intensive agriculture, particularly through contamination of surface and groundwater. Our study was conducted to isolate and identify the microflora of water polluted by pesticides in an area with an agricultural vocation (Ben M'Hidi) subject to the pesticide effect for several years. Isolated fungal strains were identified based on the morphology of their vegetative and reproductive apparatus. The micromycètes were obtained; they belong mainly to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichoderma. Furthermore, most bacterial strains characterized in this work, are that of the genus Aeromonas, Pseudomonas that are widely represented in the study of the biodegradation of pesticides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolated" title="isolated">isolated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strains" title=" strains"> strains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polluted" title=" polluted"> polluted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158828/microbiological-analysis-of-polluted-water-with-pesticides-in-ben-mhidi-northeastern-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> Evaluating an Educational Intervention to Reduce Pesticide Exposure Among Farmers in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gift%20Udoh">Gift Udoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diane%20S.%20Rohlman"> Diane S. Rohlman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Sindt"> Benjamin Sindt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> BACKGROUND: There is concern regarding the widespread use of pesticides and impacts on public health. Farmers in Nigeria frequently apply pesticides, including organophosphate pesticides which are known neurotoxicants. They receive little guidance on how much to apply or information about safe handling practices. Pesticide poisoning is one of the major hazards that farmers face in Nigeria. Farmers continue to use highly neurotoxic pesticides for agricultural activities. Because farmers receive little or no information on safe handling and how much to apply, they continue to develop severe and mild illnesses caused by high exposures to pesticides. The project aimed to reduce pesticide exposure among rural farmers in Nigeria by identifying hazards associated with pesticide use and developing and pilot testing training to reduce exposures to pesticides utilizing the hierarchy of controls system. METHODS: Information on pesticide knowledge, behaviors, barriers to safety, and prevention methods was collected from farmers in Nigeria through workplace observations, questionnaires, and interviews. Pre and post-surveys were used to measure farmer’s knowledge before and after the delivery of pesticide safety training. Training topics included the benefits and risks of using pesticides, routes of exposure and health effects, pesticide label activity, use and selection of PPE, ways to prevent exposure and information on local resources. The training was evaluated among farmers and changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviors were collected prior to and following the training. RESULTS: The training was administered to 60 farmers, a mean age of 35, with a range of farming experience (<1 year to > 50 years). There was an overall increase in knowledge after the training. In addition, farmers perceived a greater immediate risk from exposure to pesticides and their perception of their personal risk increased. For example, farmers believed that pesticide risk is greater to children than to adults, recognized that just because a pesticide is put on the market doesn’t mean it is safe, and they were more confident that they could get advice about handling pesticides. Also, there was greater awareness about behaviors that can increase their exposure (mixing pesticides with bare hands, eating food in the field, not washing hands before eating after applying pesticides, walking in fields recently sprayed, splashing pesticides on their clothes, pesticide storage). CONCLUSION: These results build on existing evidence from a 2022 article highlighting the need for pesticide safety training in Nigeria which suggested that pesticide safety educational programs should focus on community-based, grassroots-style, and involve a family-oriented approach. Educating farmers on agricultural safety while letting them share their experiences with their peers is an effective way of creating awareness on the dangers associated with handling pesticides. Also, for rural communities, especially in Nigeria, pesticide safety pieces of training may not be able to reach some locations, so intentional scouting of rural farming communities and delivering pesticide safety training will improve knowledge of pesticide hazards. There is a need for pesticide information centers to be situated in rural farming communities or agro supply stores, which gives rural farmers information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticide%20exposure" title="pesticide exposure">pesticide exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticide%20safety" title=" pesticide safety"> pesticide safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nigeria" title=" nigeria"> nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20farming" title=" rural farming"> rural farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticide%20education" title=" pesticide education"> pesticide education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164295/evaluating-an-educational-intervention-to-reduce-pesticide-exposure-among-farmers-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> Contribution to the Study of the Use of Pesticides in the Regions of Tizi Ouzou</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramdane%20Gaouir">Ramdane Gaouir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Farmers in the two regions of Tizi-Ouzou, DBK and Tadmait, face different crop pests, namely, fungal diseases, insect attack as well as different types of deficiencies. To fight against all these threats, they resort to the use of a wide variety of chemicals. Our survey carried out in these two regions, aims to identify the different types of pesticides used, the method of management of the packaging generated by these phytosanitary products as well as the evaluation of the effect of these products on the farmers' health and the environment. The results obtained highlighted the use of two types of pesticides with a very wide application, namely fungicides and insecticides. The two most widely identified chemical families are neonicotoids and organophosphates, which are among the most toxic and persistent pesticides in the environment. The management method of packaging and the application of products by spraying reflect the lack of training and the unawareness of farmers vis-à-vis the impact of pesticides on their health and on the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmers" title="farmers">farmers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crops" title=" crops"> crops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungicides" title=" fungicides"> fungicides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neonicotinoids" title=" neonicotinoids"> neonicotinoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organochlorines" title=" organochlorines"> organochlorines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167499/contribution-to-the-study-of-the-use-of-pesticides-in-the-regions-of-tizi-ouzou" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> Pesticides Regulations: An Urgent Need for Legal Reform in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Pranav">D. Pranav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pesticides are a class of Biocide, whose use in agriculture has led to a momentous increase in the yield of crops, fruits and vegetables all over the word and its effective use has also been the pillars of success for the Green Revolution. However, the incessant use of pesticides has now reached alarming levels. In 2007 alone, the world used an estimated 2.4 million tons of pesticides. Despite its tremendous benefits for agriculture, pesticide has been one of the major reasons for degradation of the natural environment and undesirable effects on human beings. It has not only caused damage to human health, but has also threatened the survival of few birds and animal species. In India, the sale and usage of banned pesticide, increased usage of pesticides and its inadequate labeling has caused Bio magnification, which is causing deleterious effects on child development, resulting in stunted mental and physical growth. This paper aims to bring to shed light on major loopholes in the current pesticide regulations such as the Insecticide Act of 1968. It further discusses loopholes in the yet to be tabled Pesticides Management Bill of 2008. It discusses and arrives at potential amendments to the laws and regulations concerning pesticides; that cannot only be applied to the Indian subcontinent but other developing countries as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title="pesticides">pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20health" title=" human health"> human health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulations" title=" regulations"> regulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reform" title=" reform"> reform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46270/pesticides-regulations-an-urgent-need-for-legal-reform-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">282</span> Protective Effect of Cow Urine against Chlorpyrifos Induced-Genotoxicity and Neurotoxicity in Albino Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shelly%20Sharma">Shelly Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20Chadha"> Pooja Chadha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Humans are exposed to pesticides and insecticides either directly or indirectly. Exposure to these pesticides may lead to acute toxicity to mammals and non-target organisms. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad spectrum organophosphate pesticide widely used in various countries of the world. The aim of the present study was to assess the toxicity associated with chlorpyrifos exposure and possible mitigating effect of cow urine against genotoxic and toxic effects in rat brain induced by chlorpyrifos. For this purpose LD50 was determined and rats were orally administered with 1/8th of LD50 (19mg/kg b.wt). Brain samples were taken after 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs of treatment. A significant increase in the % tail DNA was observed along with the increase in MDA levels of brain tissues in chlorpyrifos treated groups as compared to control. Cow urine treated groups show decrease in DNA damage and MDA levels as compared to CPF treated group. The study indicates that cow urine has ameliorative potential against neurotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by CPF. Cow urine is considered rich in vitamin A, E and volatile fatty acids which provide antioxidant potential to it. Thus, it can be used as a genoprotective agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comet%20assay" title="comet assay">comet assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain" title=" brain"> brain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cow%20urine" title=" cow urine"> cow urine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotoxicity" title=" genotoxicity"> genotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity "> toxicity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37381/protective-effect-of-cow-urine-against-chlorpyrifos-induced-genotoxicity-and-neurotoxicity-in-albino-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">281</span> Adverse Effects of Natural Pesticides on Human and Animals: An Experimental Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdel-Tawab%20H.%20Mossa">Abdel-Tawab H. Mossa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Synthetic pesticides are widely used in large-scale worldwide for control pests in agriculture and public health sectors in both developed and developing countries. Although the positive role of pesticides, they have many adverse toxic effects on humans, animals, and the ecosystem. Therefore, in the last few years, scientists have been searching for new active compounds from natural resources as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. Currently, many commercial natural pesticides are available commercially worldwide. These products are recommended for uses in organic farmers and considered as safe pesticides. This paper focuses on the adverse effects of natural pesticides on mammals. Available commercial pesticides in the market contain essential oils (e.g. pepper, cinnamon, and garlic), plant extracts, microorganism (e.g. bacteria, fungi or their toxin), mineral oils and some active compounds from natural recourses e.g. spinosad, neem, pyrethrum, rotenone, abamectin and other active compounds from essential oils (EOs). Some EOs components, e.g., thujone, pulegone, and thymol have high acute toxicity (LD50) is 87.5, 150 and 980 mg/kg. B.wt on mice, respectively. Natural pesticides such as spinosad, pyrethrum, neem, abamectin, and others have toxicological effects to mammals and ecosystem. These compounds were found to cause hematotoxicity, hepato-renal toxicity, biochemical alteration, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity. It caused adverse effects on the ecosystem. Therefore, natural pesticides in general not safe and have high acute toxicity and can induce adverse effects at long-term exposure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20pesticides" title="natural pesticides">natural pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotoxicity" title=" genotoxicity"> genotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem" title=" ecosystem"> ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical" title=" biochemical"> biochemical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101852/adverse-effects-of-natural-pesticides-on-human-and-animals-an-experimental-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">280</span> Pesticide Risk: A Study on the Effectiveness of Organic/Biopesticides in Sustainable Agriculture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berk%20K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7">Berk Kılıç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96mer%20Ayd%C4%B1n"> Ömer Aydın</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerem%20Mestani"> Kerem Mestani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Defne%20Uzun"> Defne Uzun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In agriculture and farming, pesticides are frequently used to kill off or fend off any pests (bugs, bacteria, fungi, etc.). However, traditional pesticides have proven to have harmful effects on both the environment and the human body, such as hazards in the endocrine, neurodevelopmental, and reproductive systems. This experiment aims to test the effectiveness of organic/bio-pesticides (environmentally friendly pesticides) compared to traditional pesticides. Black pepper and garlic will be used as biopesticides in this experiment. The results support that organic farming applying organic pesticides operates through non-toxic mechanisms, offering minimal threats to human well-being and the environment. Consequently, consuming organic produce can significantly diminish the dangers associated with pesticide intake. In this study, method is introduced to reduce pesticide-related risks by promoting organic farming techniques within organic/bio-pesticide usage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticide" title="pesticide">pesticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garlic" title=" garlic"> garlic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20pepper" title=" black pepper"> black pepper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-pesticide" title=" bio-pesticide"> bio-pesticide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179368/pesticide-risk-a-study-on-the-effectiveness-of-organicbiopesticides-in-sustainable-agriculture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">279</span> A Modified QuEChERS Method Using Activated Carbon Fibers as r-DSPE Sorbent for Sample Cleanup: Application to Pesticides Residues Analysis in Food Commodities Using GC-MS/MS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anshuman%20Srivastava">Anshuman Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiv%20Singh"> Shiv Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheelendra%20Pratap%20Singh"> Sheelendra Pratap Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A simple, sensitive and effective gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous analysis of multi pesticide residues (organophosphate, organochlorines, synthetic pyrethroids and herbicides) in food commodities using phenolic resin based activated carbon fibers (ACFs) as reversed-dispersive solid phase extraction (r-DSPE) sorbent in modified QuEChERS (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe) method. The acetonitrile-based QuEChERS technique was used for the extraction of the analytes from food matrices followed by sample cleanup with ACFs instead of traditionally used primary secondary amine (PSA). Different physico-chemical characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area analysis were employed to investigate the engineering and structural properties of ACFs. The recovery of pesticides and herbicides was tested at concentration levels of 0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg in different commodities such as cauliflower, cucumber, banana, apple, wheat and black gram. The recoveries of all twenty-six pesticides and herbicides were found in acceptable limit (70-120%) according to SANCO guideline with relative standard deviation value < 15%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of the method was in the range of 0.38-3.69 ng/mL and 1.26 -12.19 ng/mL, respectively. In traditional QuEChERS method, PSA used as r-DSPE sorbent plays a vital role in sample clean-up process and demonstrates good recoveries for multiclass pesticides. This study reports that ACFs are better in terms of removal of co-extractives in comparison of PSA without compromising the recoveries of multi pesticides from food matrices. Further, ACF replaces the need of charcoal in addition to the PSA from traditional QuEChERS method which is used to remove pigments. The developed method will be cost effective because the ACFs are significantly cheaper than the PSA. So the proposed modified QuEChERS method is more robust, effective and has better sample cleanup efficiency for multiclass multi pesticide residues analysis in different food matrices such as vegetables, grains and fruits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QuEChERS" title="QuEChERS">QuEChERS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon%20fibers" title=" activated carbon fibers"> activated carbon fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20secondary%20amine" title=" primary secondary amine"> primary secondary amine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sample%20preparation" title=" sample preparation"> sample preparation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanomaterials" title=" carbon nanomaterials"> carbon nanomaterials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77002/a-modified-quechers-method-using-activated-carbon-fibers-as-r-dspe-sorbent-for-sample-cleanup-application-to-pesticides-residues-analysis-in-food-commodities-using-gc-msms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">278</span> Role of Microbial Pesticides in Pest Control and Their Advantages and Disadvantages in Nature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatimah%20M.%20Alshehrei">Fatimah M. Alshehrei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For many years, synthetic pesticides have been used to kill pests; due to their toxicity and pollution, they are now a risk to human and environmental health. Lately, biopesticides have emerged as possible substitutes for petrochemical pesticides. The sources of biopesticides are widely accessible, easily biodegradable, have a variety of modes of action, are less expensive, and have little toxicity toward humans and other creatures that aren't the intended targets. Plants, bacteria, and insects are used to create biopesticides, they used in controlling diseases in crops. Microbial pesticides are produced from different microorganisms such as Trichoderma, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Beauveria. Also, botanical pesticides have already been commercialized; they are extracted from neem, pyrethrum, azadirachtin, etc. This paper describes biopesticide categories, their sources, mode of action, advantages and disadvantages, and their role in sustainable agriculture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopesticides%20categories" title="biopesticides categories">biopesticides categories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formulation" title=" formulation"> formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20of%20action" title=" mode of action"> mode of action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pest%20control" title=" pest control"> pest control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182021/role-of-microbial-pesticides-in-pest-control-and-their-advantages-and-disadvantages-in-nature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">277</span> Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Doped Poly (3,4 Ethylenedioxythiophene) Composites Based Electrochemical Nano-Biosensor for Organophosphate Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navpreet%20Kaur">Navpreet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himkusha%20Thakur"> Himkusha Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nirmal%20Prabhakar"> Nirmal Prabhakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most publicized and controversial issue in crop production is the use of agrichemicals- also known as pesticides. This is evident in many reports that Organophosphate (OP) insecticides, among the broad range of pesticides are mainly involved in acute and chronic poisoning cases. Therefore, detection of OPs is very necessary for health protection, food and environmental safety. In our study, a nanocomposite of poly (3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been deposited electrochemically onto the surface of fluorine doped tin oxide sheets (FTO) for the analysis of malathion OP. The -COOH functionalization of MWCNTs has been done for the covalent binding with amino groups of AChE enzyme. The use of PEDOT-MWCNT films exhibited an excellent conductivity, enables fast transfer kinetics and provided a favourable biocompatible microenvironment for AChE, for the significant malathion OP detection. The prepared PEDOT-MWCNT/FTO and AChE/PEDOT-MWCNT/FTO nano-biosensors were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and electrochemical studies. Electrochemical studies were done using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) or Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Various optimization studies were done for different parameters including pH (7.5), AChE concentration (50 mU), substrate concentration (0.3 mM) and inhibition time (10 min). The detection limit for malathion OP was calculated to be 1 fM within the linear range 1 fM to 1 µM. The activity of inhibited AChE enzyme was restored to 98% of its original value by 2-pyridine aldoxime methiodide (2-PAM) (5 mM) treatment for 11 min. The oxime 2-PAM is able to remove malathion from the active site of AChE by means of trans-esterification reaction. The storage stability and reusability of the prepared nano-biosensor is observed to be 30 days and seven times, respectively. The application of the developed nano-biosensor has also been evaluated for spiked lettuce sample. Recoveries of malathion from the spiked lettuce sample ranged between 96-98%. The low detection limit obtained by the developed nano-biosensor made them reliable, sensitive and a low cost process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEDOT-MWCNT" title="PEDOT-MWCNT">PEDOT-MWCNT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malathion" title=" malathion"> malathion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organophosphates" title=" organophosphates"> organophosphates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetylcholinesterase" title=" acetylcholinesterase"> acetylcholinesterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-biosensor" title=" nano-biosensor"> nano-biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxime%20%282-PAM%29" title=" oxime (2-PAM)"> oxime (2-PAM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42617/multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes-doped-poly-34-ethylenedioxythiophene-composites-based-electrochemical-nano-biosensor-for-organophosphate-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">276</span> Gas Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry Qualitative Determination of Pesticides Found in Tea Infusions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihai-Alexandru%20Florea">Mihai-Alexandru Florea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronica%20Drumea"> Veronica Drumea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roxana%20Nita"> Roxana Nita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cerasela%20Gird"> Cerasela Gird</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Olariu"> Laura Olariu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to investigate the residues of pesticide found in tea water infusions. A multi-residues method to determine 147 pesticides has been developed using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) procedure and dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) for the cleanup the pesticides from complex matrices such as plants and tea. Sample preparation was carefully optimized for the efficient removal of coextracted matrix components by testing more solvent systems. Determination of pesticides was performed using GC-MS/MS (100 of pesticides) and LC-MS/MS (47 of pesticides). The selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode was chosen to achieve low detection limits and high compounds selectivity and sensitivity. Overall performance was evaluated and validated according to DG-SANTE Guidelines. To assess the pesticide residue transfer rate (qualitative) from dried tea in infusions the samples (tea) were spiked with a mixture of pesticides at the maximum residues level accepted for teas and herbal infusions. In order to investigate the release of the pesticides in tea preparations, the medicinal plants were prepared in four ways by variation of water temperature and the infusion time. The pesticides from infusions were extracted using two methods: QuEChERS versus solid-phase extraction (SPE). More that 90 % of the pesticides studied was identified in infusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tea" title="tea">tea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid-phase%20extraction%20%28SPE%29" title=" solid-phase extraction (SPE)"> solid-phase extraction (SPE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selected%20reaction%20monitoring%20%28SRM%29" title=" selected reaction monitoring (SRM)"> selected reaction monitoring (SRM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QuEChERS" title=" QuEChERS"> QuEChERS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70223/gas-chromatography-coupled-to-tandem-mass-spectrometry-and-liquid-chromatography-coupled-to-tandem-mass-spectrometry-qualitative-determination-of-pesticides-found-in-tea-infusions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">275</span> An Electrochemical Enzymatic Biosensor Based on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Poly (3,4 Ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanocomposites for Organophosphate Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navpreet%20Kaur">Navpreet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himkusha%20Thakur"> Himkusha Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nirmal%20Prabhakar"> Nirmal Prabhakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most controversial issue in crop production is the use of Organophosphate insecticides. This is evident in many reports that Organophosphate (OP) insecticides, among the broad range of pesticides are mainly involved in acute and chronic poisoning cases. OPs detection is of crucial importance for health protection, food and environmental safety. In our study, a nanocomposite of poly (3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been deposited electrochemically onto the surface of fluorine doped tin oxide sheets (FTO) for the analysis of malathion OP. The -COOH functionalization of MWCNTs has been done for the covalent binding with amino groups of AChE enzyme. The use of PEDOT-MWCNT films exhibited an excellent conductivity, enables fast transfer kinetics and provided a favourable biocompatible microenvironment for AChE, for the significant malathion OP detection. The prepared biosensors were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and electrochemical studies. Various optimization studies were done for different parameters including pH (7.5), AChE concentration (50 mU), substrate concentration (0.3 mM) and inhibition time (10 min). Substrate kinetics has been performed and studied for the determination of Michaelis Menten constant. The detection limit for malathion OP was calculated to be 1 fM within the linear range 1 fM to 1 µM. The activity of inhibited AChE enzyme was restored to 98% of its original value by 2-pyridine aldoxime methiodide (2-PAM) (5 mM) treatment for 11 min. The oxime 2-PAM is able to remove malathion from the active site of AChE by means of trans-esterification reaction. The storage stability and reusability of the prepared biosensor is observed to be 30 days and seven times, respectively. The application of the developed biosensor has also been evaluated for spiked lettuce sample. Recoveries of malathion from the spiked lettuce sample ranged between 96-98%. The low detection limit obtained by the developed biosensor made them reliable, sensitive and a low cost process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEDOT-MWCNT" title="PEDOT-MWCNT">PEDOT-MWCNT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malathion" title=" malathion"> malathion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organophosphates" title=" organophosphates"> organophosphates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acetylcholinesterase" title=" acetylcholinesterase"> acetylcholinesterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensor" title=" biosensor"> biosensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxime%20%282-PAM%29" title=" oxime (2-PAM)"> oxime (2-PAM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42622/an-electrochemical-enzymatic-biosensor-based-on-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes-and-poly-34-ethylenedioxythiophene-nanocomposites-for-organophosphate-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">274</span> Determination of Pesticides Residues in Tissue of Two Freshwater Fish Species by Modified QuEChERS Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iwona%20Cie%C5%9Blik">Iwona Cieślik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw%20Migda%C5%82"> Władysław Migdał</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kinga%20Topolska"> Kinga Topolska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ewa%20Cie%C5%9Blik"> Ewa Cieślik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The consumption of fish is recommended as a means of preventing serious diseases, especially cardiovascular problems. Fish is known to be a valuable source of protein (rich in essential amino acids), unsaturated fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, macro- and microelements. However, it can also contain several contaminants (e.g. pesticides, heavy metals) that may pose considerable risks for humans. Among others, pesticide are of special concern. Their widespread use has resulted in the contamination of environmental compartments, including water. The occurrence of pesticides in the environment is a serious problem, due to their potential toxicity. Therefore, a systematic monitoring is needed. The aim of the study was to determine the organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residues in fish muscle tissues of the pike (Esox lucius, L.) and the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykkis, Walbaum) by a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method, using Gas Chromatography Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (GC/Q-MS), working in selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The analysis of α-HCH, β-HCH, lindane, diazinon, disulfoton, δ-HCH, methyl parathion, heptachlor, malathion, aldrin, parathion, heptachlor epoxide, γ-chlordane, endosulfan, α-chlordane, o,p'-DDE, dieldrin, endrin, 4,4'-DDD, ethion, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan sulfate, 4,4'-DDT, and metoxychlor was performed in the samples collected in the Carp Valley (Malopolska region, Poland). The age of the pike (n=6) was 3 years and its weight was 2-3 kg, while the age of the rainbow trout (n=6) was 0.5 year and its weight was 0.5-1.0 kg. Detectable pesticide (HCH isomers, endosulfan isomers, DDT and its metabolites as well as metoxychlor) residues were present in fish samples. However, all these compounds were below the limit of quantification (LOQ). The other examined pesticide residues were below the limit of detection (LOD). Therefore, the levels of contamination were - in all cases - below the default Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs), established by Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The monitoring of pesticide residues content in fish is required to minimize potential adverse effects on the environment and human exposure to these contaminants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contaminants" title="contaminants">contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish" title=" fish"> fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides%20residues" title=" pesticides residues"> pesticides residues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QuEChERS%20method" title=" QuEChERS method"> QuEChERS method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46809/determination-of-pesticides-residues-in-tissue-of-two-freshwater-fish-species-by-modified-quechers-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">273</span> Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Pesticide Residues in Butter and Ghee (Clarified Butter Fat) in Punjab (India)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20S.%20Bedi">J. S. Bedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20S.%20Gill"> J. P. S. Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20S.%20Aulakh"> R. S. Aulakh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhjit%20Kaur"> Prabhjit Kaur </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was undertaken to monitor organochlorine, organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues in butter and ghee samples collected from six different districts of Punjab. The estimation of pesticide residues was done by multiple residue analytical technique using gas chromatography equipped with GC-ECD and GC-FTD. The confirmation of residues was done on gas chromatography mass spectrometry in both SIM and Scan mode. Results indicated the presence of HCH and pp DDE as predominant contaminant in both butter and ghee even after their ban/restriction on usage in India. Residues of HCH were detected in 25.5 and 23.2 % samples of butter and ghee, respectively, while residues of pp DDE were recorded in 29.3 and 25.0 % butter and ghee samples, respectively. More importantly, the presence of endosulfan, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos was observed in few butter and ghee samples indicating the serious concerns. The spatial variation of pesticide residues occurrence indicated the cotton belt of Punjab as most affected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=butter" title="butter">butter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ghee" title=" ghee"> ghee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides%20residues" title=" pesticides residues"> pesticides residues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punjab" title=" Punjab"> Punjab</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24490/occurrence-and-spatial-distribution-of-pesticide-residues-in-butter-and-ghee-clarified-butter-fat-in-punjab-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">272</span> Chemometric QSRR Evaluation of Behavior of s-Triazine Pesticides in Liquid Chromatography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lidija%20R.%20Jevri%C4%87">Lidija R. Jevrić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanja%20O.%20Podunavac-Kuzmanovi%C4%87"> Sanja O. Podunavac-Kuzmanović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Strahinja%20Z.%20Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87"> Strahinja Z. Kovačević</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study considers the selection of the most suitable in silico molecular descriptors that could be used for s-triazine pesticides characterization. Suitable descriptors among topological, geometrical and physicochemical are used for quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRR) model establishment. Established models were obtained using linear regression (LR) and multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. In this paper, MLR models were established avoiding multicollinearity among the selected molecular descriptors. Statistical quality of established models was evaluated by standard and cross-validation statistical parameters. For detection of similarity or dissimilarity among investigated s-triazine pesticides and their classification, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used and gave similar grouping. This study is financially supported by COST action TD1305. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemometrics" title="chemometrics">chemometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification%20analysis" title=" classification analysis"> classification analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20descriptors" title=" molecular descriptors"> molecular descriptors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20analysis" title=" regression analysis "> regression analysis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45198/chemometric-qsrr-evaluation-of-behavior-of-s-triazine-pesticides-in-liquid-chromatography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">271</span> Insecticidal Effects of Plant Extract-Based Formulations on the Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Sadeghi">Reza Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Nazarahari"> Maryam Nazarahari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering the effectiveness of botanical pesticides in pest management, these compounds have garnered attention as a sustainable approach to reducing pest-induced damage in agriculture while preserving the environment. Botanical pesticides enable farmers to cultivate higher-quality crops by minimizing the use of chemical pesticides. In this study, plant extracts obtained using n-hexane as a solvent from two botanical sources, thyme and eucalyptus, were evaluated under laboratory conditions for their effectiveness in controlling the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). The mortality rate of bollworm larvae was assessed across various concentrations of the hexane-based formulations. The results revealed that the hexane-based formulations of thyme and eucalyptus extracts significantly reduced the population of bollworm larvae after 24 hours of exposure. Thyme extract, in particular, demonstrated high effectiveness as a botanical pesticide, suggesting its potential as an efficient alternative to chemical pesticides in pest management. These findings underscore that botanical pesticides can mitigate the environmental consequences of chemical pesticides and provide innovative solutions for sustainable agriculture by leveraging the active compounds present in plant extracts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20bollworm" title="cotton bollworm">cotton bollworm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyme" title=" thyme"> thyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eucalyptus" title=" eucalyptus"> eucalyptus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extract%20formulation" title=" extract formulation"> extract formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=" "> </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195201/insecticidal-effects-of-plant-extract-based-formulations-on-the-cotton-bollworm-helicoverpa-armigera-hubner-lepidoptera-noctuidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">270</span> Investigating the Insecticidal Effects of the Hexanic Extracts of Thymus spp. and Eucalyptus spp. on Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Sadeghi">Reza Sadeghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Nazarahari"> Maryam Nazarahari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering the effectiveness of plant pesticides in pest control, this group of pesticides can provide an efficient way to reduce the damage caused by pests in agriculture and maintain environmental health. Plant pesticides allow farmers to cultivate their crops by lowering the use of chemical pesticides and help improve the quality of agricultural products. In this research, various plant compounds were extracted from two different sources, thyme and eucalyptus, by using n-hexane solvent and investigated to control cotton bollworm in laboratory conditions. The mortality rates of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) caused by different concentrations of hexanic extract formulations were evaluated. The results showed that the varied concentrations of the hexanic extract formulations of thyme and eucalyptus had significant effects on the mortality rates of cotton bollworm larvae during a 24-h exposure period. The hexanic extract of thyme as a plant pesticide can be an effective alternative in agriculture and plant pest control. The use of pesticides in agriculture can help the environment and reduce the problems related to chemical toxins. Also, this research revealed that the types and compounds of plant pesticides can be effective in pest control and help to develop more efficient agricultural strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20bollworm" title="cotton bollworm">cotton bollworm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyme" title=" thyme"> thyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eucalyptus" title=" eucalyptus"> eucalyptus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extract%20formulation" title=" extract formulation"> extract formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174044/investigating-the-insecticidal-effects-of-the-hexanic-extracts-of-thymus-spp-and-eucalyptus-spp-on-cotton-bollworm-helicoverpa-armigera-hubner-lepidoptera-noctuidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">269</span> Simultaneous Determination of Some Phenolic Pesticides in Environmental and Biological Samples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmeen%20F.%20Pervez">Yasmeen F. Pervez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etesh%20K.%20Janghel"> Etesh K. Janghel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Kumar%20Sar"> Santosh Kumar Sar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Simple and sensitive analytical thermal gradient-thin layer chromatography technique has been developed for the simultaneous determination of phenolic pesticides like carbaryl, propoxur and carbofuran. It is based on the differential migration of colored derivatives formed by the reaction of hydrolysed phenolic compound with diazotized 3, 4 dimethyl aniline on a silica gel plate. Quantitative evaluation of hydrolyzed phenolic compound is made by visual comparison of intensities of color by spectrophotometry. The color system obeys Beer’s law in the following working range in ppm : carbaryl, 0.5-6.6; propoxur, 0.8-7.2; and carbofuran, 0.2-3.3 respectively. The Molar absorptivity, Sandell’s sensitivity, Correlation coefficient have been determined. The effects of analytical parameters on migration and analysis have been evaluated. The methods are highly reproducible and have been successfully applied to determination of phenolic pesticides in environmental and biological samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20pesticides%20%28carbaryl" title="phenolic pesticides (carbaryl">phenolic pesticides (carbaryl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propoxur%20and%20carbofuran%29" title=" propoxur and carbofuran)"> propoxur and carbofuran)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3.4%20dimethyl%20aniline" title=" 3.4 dimethyl aniline"> 3.4 dimethyl aniline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental" title=" environmental"> environmental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20samples" title=" biological samples"> biological samples</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22981/simultaneous-determination-of-some-phenolic-pesticides-in-environmental-and-biological-samples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">268</span> Adsorption of Chlorinated Pesticides in Drinking Water by Carbon Nanotubes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hacer%20Sule%20Gonul">Hacer Sule Gonul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vedat%20Uyak"> Vedat Uyak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intensive use of pesticides in agricultural activity causes mixing of these compounds into water sources with surface flow. Especially after the 1970s, a number of limitations imposed on the use of chlorinated pesticides that have a carcinogenic risk potential and regulatory limit have been established. These chlorinated pesticides discharge to water resources, transport in the water and land environment and accumulation in the human body through the food chain raises serious health concerns. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted considerable attention from on all because of their excellent mechanical, electrical, and environmental characteristics. Due to CNT particles' high degree of hydrophobic surfaces, these nanoparticles play critical role in the removal of water contaminants of natural organic matters, pesticides and phenolic compounds in water sources. Health concerns associated with chlorinated pesticides requires the removal of such contaminants from aquatic environment. Although the use of aldrin and atrazine was restricted in our country, repatriation of illegal entry and widespread use of such chemicals in agricultural areas cause increases for the concentration of these chemicals in the water supply. In this study, the compounds of chlorinated pesticides such as aldrin and atrazine compounds would be tried to eliminate from drinking water with carbon nanotube adsorption method. Within this study, 2 different types of CNT would be used including single-wall (SWCNT) and multi-wall (MWCNT) carbon nanotubes. Adsorption isotherms within the scope of work, the parameters affecting the adsorption of chlorinated pesticides in water are considered as pH, contact time, CNT type, CNT dose and initial concentration of pesticides. As a result, under conditions of neutral pH conditions with MWCNT respectively for atrazine and aldrin obtained adsorption capacity of determined as 2.24 µg/mg ve 3.84 µg/mg. On the other hand, the determined adsorption capacity rates for SWCNT for aldrin and atrazine has identified as 3.91 µg/mg ve 3.92 µg/mg. After all, each type of pesticide that provides superior performance in relieving SWCNT particles has emerged. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticide" title="pesticide">pesticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20water" title=" drinking water"> drinking water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube" title=" carbon nanotube"> carbon nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81463/adsorption-of-chlorinated-pesticides-in-drinking-water-by-carbon-nanotubes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span 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