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id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Index</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Initium</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatica_generalis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatica_generalis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Grammatica generalis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatica_generalis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonemata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonemata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Phonemata</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonemata-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonemata subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonemata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phonetica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonetica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Phonetica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonetica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Phonologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthophonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthophonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Orthophonia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthophonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morphologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morphologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Morphologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Morphologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Morphologia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Morphologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nomen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nomen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Verbum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntaxis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntaxis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Syntaxis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntaxis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_interni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_interni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nexus interni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_interni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliographia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grammatica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 172 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-172" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">172 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B0%E1%8B%8B%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%8D" title="ሰዋስው – Amharica" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሰዋስው" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica – Aragonensis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9" title="قواعد لغة – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قواعد لغة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A0%DC%A5%DC%99%DC%90" title="ܩܢܘܢܐ ܕܠܥܙܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܢܘܢܐ ܕܠܥܙܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9" title="قواعد لغة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قواعد لغة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="ব্যাকৰণ – Assamica" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ব্যাকৰণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrammatika" title="Qrammatika – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrammatika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="قرامر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قرامر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramat%C4%97ka" title="Gramatėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gramatėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanghayan" title="Balanghayan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Balanghayan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматыка – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Граматыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Граматыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण – Bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="ব্যাকরণ – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্যাকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་གཞུང་། – Tibetana" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་གཞུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezhadur" title="Yezhadur – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Saro" title="Tata Saro – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Tata Saro" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica" title="Gramàtica – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gramàtica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84-hu%C3%A1k" title="Ngṳ̄-huák – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngṳ̄-huák" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ڕێزمان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێزمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarf" title="Sarf – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Sarf" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramadeg" title="Gramadeg – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gramadeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramer" title="Gramer – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gramer" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Γραμματική – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραμματική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatiko" title="Gramatiko – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gramatiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دستور زبان – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستور زبان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kielioppi" title="Kielioppi – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kielioppi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ll%C3%A6ra" title="Mállæra – Faroensis" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mállæra" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammaire" title="Grammaire – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grammaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatik" title="Gramatik – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gramatik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="文法" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A8r" title="Gramèr – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Gramèr" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A0mar" title="Gràmar – Scotica" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gràmar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scotica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%27%E1%BA%BDtekuaa" title="Ñe'ẽtekuaa – Guaranica" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe'ẽtekuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaranica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9" title="𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammeydys" title="Grammeydys – Monensis" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Grammeydys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Monensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahawu" title="Nahawu – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Nahawu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7" title="דקדוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דקדוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyakaran" title="Vyakaran – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vyakaran" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A8" title="Gramè – Creolus Haitianus" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gramè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creolus Haitianus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyelvtan" title="Nyelvtan – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyelvtan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Քերականություն – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քերականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_bahasa" title="Tata bahasa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tata bahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatiko" title="Gramatiko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gramatiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Málfræði – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grama" title="Grama – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Grama" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/gerna" title="gerna – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="gerna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="გრამატიკა – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრამატიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D" title="វេយ្យាករណ៍ – Chmerica" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វេយ្យាករណ៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Chmerica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3" title="ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ – Cannadica" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Cannadica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EB%B2%95" title="문법 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAziman" title="Rêziman – Curdica" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rêziman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Curdica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yethador" title="Yethador – Cornubica" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yethador" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornubica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammair" title="Grammair – Limburgica" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Grammair" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ໄວຍະກອນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໄວຍະກອນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitsipi-pitenenana" title="Fitsipi-pitenenana – Malagasiana" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fitsipi-pitenenana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Йылмылончыш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йылмылончыш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="വ്യാകരണം – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വ്യാകരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A0_%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9E" title="ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="သဒ္ဒါမန် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သဒ္ဒါမန်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatabahasa" title="Tatabahasa – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tatabahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB" title="သဒ္ဒါ – Birmanica" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သဒ္ဒါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण – Nepalensis" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82" title="भाय्‌लचं – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भाय्‌लचं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatikk" title="Grammatikk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grammatikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatikk" title="Grammatikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grammatikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatike" title="Gramatike – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gramatike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%9C%DF%8D" title="ߞߊ߲ߜߍ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߊ߲ߜߍ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seerluga" title="Seerluga – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Seerluga" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Грамматикæ – Ossetica" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Грамматикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਿਆਕਰਨ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਆਕਰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garalita" title="Garalita – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Garalita" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granmo%C3%A8re" title="Granmoère – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Granmoère" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatyka" title="Gramatyka – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gramatyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica" title="Gramàtica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gramàtica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1" title="گریمر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گریمر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Γραμματική – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γραμματική" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simi_kamachiy" title="Simi kamachiy – Quechuae" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Simi kamachiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechuae" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatic%C4%83" title="Gramatică – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gramatică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ґраматіка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґраматіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikibonezamvugo" title="Ikibonezamvugo – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikibonezamvugo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="व्याकरणम् – Sanscrita" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="व्याकरणम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanscrita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B2" title="ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramm%C3%A0tica" title="Grammàtica – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Grammàtica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="گرامر – Sindhuica" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گرامر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhuica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB" title="ව්‍යාකරණ – Singhalensis" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ව්‍යාකරණ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika_(jazykoveda)" title="Gramatika (jazykoveda) – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gramatika (jazykoveda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovnica" title="Slovnica – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slovnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiel%C3%A2opp%C3%A2" title="Kielâoppâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kielâoppâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarufi" title="Sarufi – Suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sarufi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="இலக்கணம் (மொழியியல்) – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலக்கணம் (மொழியியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82_(%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF)" title="వ్యాకరణం (అయోమయనివృత్తి) – Telingana" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వ్యాకరణం (అయోమయనివృత్తి)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telingana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дастури забон – Tadzikica" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Дастури забон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzikica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="ไวยากรณ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไวยากรณ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balarila" title="Balarila – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Balarila" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grama" title="Grama – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Grama" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilbilgisi" title="Dilbilgisi – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dilbilgisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7" title="گىرامماتىكا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گىرامماتىكا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%90_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قواعدِ زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قواعدِ زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramadega" title="Gramadega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gramadega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_ph%C3%A1p" title="Ngữ pháp – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramat" title="Gramat – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gramat" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croejhete_(linwince)" title="Croejhete (linwince) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Croejhete (linwince)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="語法 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="語法" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igramma" title="Igramma – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Igramma" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="გრამატიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გრამატიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="גראמאטיק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גראמאטיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammaotica" title="Grammaotica – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Grammaotica" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" title="语法 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="语法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="語法 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="語法" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBn-hoat" title="Bûn-hoat – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bûn-hoat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文法" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8091#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="la" dir="ltr"><table style="clear: both; border-left: 8px solid red; background-color: #f3f3f3; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; width: 75%; margin: 1.5em auto; border-radius: 1em; box-shadow: 8px 8px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: .7em .55em .7em 2em; box-sizing: content-box; text-align: center; width: 50px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Emblem-contradict.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Emblem-contradict.svg/50px-Emblem-contradict.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Emblem-contradict.svg/75px-Emblem-contradict.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Emblem-contradict.svg/100px-Emblem-contradict.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="93" data-file-height="106" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td style="padding: .7em 1em .7em .55em;"> <p><b>Scientia huius commentarii est dubia, prava, parumve descripta.</b> </p><p><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit">Corrige et amplifica</a></span> si potes. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <blockquote class="toccolours" style="float:none; padding:10px 15px 5px 15px; display:table;"><div class="citatio"><i> Multa renascentur quae iam cecidere, cadentque quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula, si volet usus, quem penes arbitrium est et ius et norma loquendi </i> </div><div style="text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;">– <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Horatius_Flaccus" title="Quintus Horatius Flaccus">Quintus Horatius Flaccus</a>, Ars Poetica, versiculi 70-71</cite></div><div><i></i></div></blockquote> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Susenbrot.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Susenbrot.JPG/210px-Susenbrot.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Susenbrot.JPG/315px-Susenbrot.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Susenbrot.JPG/420px-Susenbrot.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>Grammatica Latina: titularis libri <i>Grammaticae artis institutio</i> pagina, a Ioanne Susenbroto scripti (Lipsiae: Schumann, 1539).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Grammatica</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> est <a href="/wiki/Scientia_(ratio)" title="Scientia (ratio)">scientia</a> et <a href="/wiki/Ars" title="Ars">ars</a> recte loquendi scribendique, quae in <a href="/wiki/Lingua" title="Lingua">linguarum</a> praeceptis regulisque consistit, subdisciplinas <a href="/wiki/Phonologia" title="Phonologia">phonologiam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morphologia" class="mw-disambig" title="Morphologia">morphologiam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syntaxis" title="Syntaxis">syntaximque</a> complectens, quae usum recte loquendi docent, errores linguae describunt, formas <a href="/wiki/Vocabulum" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocabulum">vocabulorum</a> explicant, et partes <a href="/wiki/Oratio" title="Oratio">orationis</a> linguae regulasque verborum componendorum demonstrant. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatica_generalis">Grammatica generalis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Grammatica generalis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Grammatica generalis"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inter omnes <a href="/wiki/Linguae_mundi" title="Linguae mundi">linguas mundi</a> quae per <a href="/wiki/Saeculum" title="Saeculum">saecula</a> <a href="/wiki/Floruit" title="Floruit">floruerunt</a>, paucae ad certam rationis normam grammaticam pervenerunt scriptam. Omnes autem linguae semper certa ordinis elementa immutata ostenderunt, quae coniunctim <i>grammaticam descriptivam</i> constituere permittunt. </p><p>Magnum <a href="/wiki/Linguistica" title="Linguistica">linguisticae</a> opus et munus est linguarum notarum formas describere omnes, ut deinde grammaticae generalis theoria elaboretur.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonemata">Phonemata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Phonemata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Phonemata"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sonus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonus">Sonorum</a> <a href="/wiki/Scientia_(ratio)" title="Scientia (ratio)">scientia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tres" title="Tres">tres</a> partes dividitur, <a href="/wiki/Phonetica" title="Phonetica">phoneticam</a> <a href="/wiki/Phonologia" title="Phonologia">phonologiam</a> orthophoniamque. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phonetica">Phonetica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: Phonetica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Phonetica"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Phoneticam a phonologia discerni oportet. Phonetica linguam concipit ut principalium systema sonorum, qui <a href="/wiki/Phonema" title="Phonema">phonemata</a> Graece Latineque vocantur (<a href="/wiki/Graece" class="mw-redirect" title="Graece">Graece</a> φώνημα). Phonetica phonemata inspicit sicut formas sonoras extra communicationem. Phoneticae sunt duae partes, altera <a href="/wiki/Phonatio" title="Phonatio">phonatio</a> vel fabricatio phonematum, altera <a href="/wiki/Acustica" title="Acustica">acustica</a> vel phonematum auditu perceptio.<sup id="cite_ref-grevi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grevi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phonologia">Phonologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: Phonologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Phonologia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quomodo vocabilia <a href="/wiki/Signum" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Signum">signa</a>, quae phonemata nominantur, inter se componantur ut vocabula sententiaeque <a href="/wiki/Oratio" title="Oratio">orationis</a> fiant et quemadmodum homines eiusdem humanitatis culturae oratione tamquam via communicationis uti possint in phonologia quaeritur.<sup id="cite_ref-grevi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grevi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orthophonia">Orthophonia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Orthophonia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Orthophonia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orthophonia, quae ad linguae pronuntiationem emendandam spectat, phoneticae phonologiaeque studium usu et tractatione concludit. Orthophonia id studet ut <a href="/wiki/Vocalis" title="Vocalis">vocalium</a> tenorem recte emittatur, <a href="/wiki/Syllaba" title="Syllaba">syllabas</a> accurate exsecentur <a href="/wiki/Accentus" title="Accentus">accentusque</a> magnitudinem indicetur. Exempli gratia, <i>cantillatio</i> (Arabica, Hebraïca, vel Buddhica) ratio et via necessaria est ad rectam orationum comprehensionem semanticam. Itaque <a href="/wiki/Cantor" title="Cantor">cantor</a>, qui in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_Iudaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultura Iudaica (non est haec pagina)">cultura Iudaica</a> <i>hazzan</i> nominatur, antequam scriptum sacrum sollemniter recitat se ipse admovet cum ad syllabas (<i>havarot</i> הברוֹת) discernendas accentusque (<i>neguina</i> נגינה) certis in locis disponendis, tum praecipue ad signa syntactica, quae <i>teamim</i> (טעמים) nominantur, cantillanda. Quapropter <i>hazzan</i> (vel <i>muezzin</i> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_Arabica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultura Arabica (non est haec pagina)">cultura Arabica</a>) recitationem suam ad praecepta orthophoniae quam accuratissime applicat.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphologia">Morphologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Recensere partem: Morphologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Morphologia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Omne linguae vocabulum ut ad sententiam accommodetur in formas variabiles et invariabiles induitur. A grammaticae scholasticis illarum theoria formarum <a href="/wiki/Morphologia" class="mw-disambig" title="Morphologia">morphologia</a> nominatur. Morphologiae nomen e lingua Graeca <a href="/wiki/Etymologia" title="Etymologia">etymologice</a> ducitur (μορφή forma, λόγος 'argumentum'). In <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Graeca" title="Lingua Graeca">lingua Graeca</a> <a href="/wiki/Verbum_(grammatica_Latina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verbum (grammatica Latina)">verbum</a> et <a href="/wiki/Nomen_substantivum" title="Nomen substantivum">nomen</a> tamquam duae <a href="/wiki/Partes_orationis" title="Partes orationis">partes orationis</a> a temporibus <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristotelis</a> usque ad tempora hodierna<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> distinguuntur. In morphologia Latina vocabula in tres partes orationis dividuntur: verba, nomina, et invariabilia vocabula.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>In morphologia, quae est secunda pars grammaticae, quattuor concepta singillatim tractantur: morphemata, tractus grammaticales, instrumentum grammaticae sive vocabula utilia, et lexes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (hoc ultimum conceptum verba et nomina comprehendit). </p><p>Fundamentum linguisticae morphologiae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morphema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morphema (non est haec pagina)">morphema</a> nominatur. Sicut phonema etiam morphema sonabile est elementum, sed a phonemate eo diiudicatur quod morphema semanticam significationem habet. Gallicus <a href="/wiki/Linguista" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguista">linguista</a> emeritus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Martinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andreas Martinet (non est haec pagina)">Andreas Martinet</a> (1908-1999) morphema ab monemate diiungit (<i>morphème</i> et <i>monème</i> gallice dicuntur).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tractus_grammaticalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tractus grammaticalis (non est haec pagina)">Tractus grammaticalis</a> indicat certam proprietatem cuiusdam vocabuli. Exempli gratia, <a href="/wiki/Genus_(grammatica_Latina)" title="Genus (grammatica Latina)">genus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Numerus_grammaticus" title="Numerus grammaticus">numerus</a>, persona, functio, modus, vox, <a href="/wiki/Aspectus_grammaticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspectus grammaticus">aspectus</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Tempus_(verborum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempus (verborum)">tempus</a> octo tractus grammatici sunt <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Hebraica" title="Lingua Hebraica">linguae Hebraïcae</a> quorum significatio et usus in syntaxe Hebraïca investigantur.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morphemata quibus varii illorum tractuum grammaticalium manifestantur in morphologia diligenter examinantur. </p><p>In morphologia etiam formatio partium grammaticalium seu verborum utilium describitur velut eorum verborum et partium quae a doctis grammaticae Latinae <a href="/wiki/Praepositio" class="mw-redirect" title="Praepositio">praepositiones</a> nominantur<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Quorum verborum exempla sunt morphemata haec: <i>ab, ad, post</i>. Morphema <i>-que</i> est pars quae enclitica appellatur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nomen">Nomen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Recensere partem: Nomen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Nomen"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nomen_substantivum" title="Nomen substantivum">Nomen substantivum</a> in linguistica est quaelibet ex innumerabilibus vocibus in magna et aperta categoria lexicali cuius voces possunt esse vox principalis in subiecto clausae, obiectum verbi, vel obiectum <a href="/wiki/Praepositio" class="mw-redirect" title="Praepositio">praepositionis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pronomen" title="Pronomen">Pronomen</a> est dictum quod in loco nominis (pro nomine) ponitur. Linguae Latinae sunt <a href="/wiki/Pronomen_personale" title="Pronomen personale">pronomina personalia</a> et <a href="/wiki/Pronomen_demonstrativum" title="Pronomen demonstrativum">pronomina demonstrativa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbum">Verbum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Recensere partem: Verbum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Verbum"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verborum species sunt formae, modi, <a href="/wiki/Coniugatio" title="Coniugatio">coniugationes</a>, genera, et tempora. Aspectus est categoria coniugationis verbi qui indicat, utrum perfectus an imperfectus sit actus, eventus vel status qui a verbo designatur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntaxis">Syntaxis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Recensere partem: Syntaxis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Syntaxis"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Syntaxis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Graece" class="mw-redirect" title="Graece">Graece</a>: <i>σύνταξις</i> 'ordo, dispositio'<sup id="cite_ref-michel161_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-michel161-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) est ea pars grammaticae quae quemadmodum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propositio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propositio (non est haec pagina)">propositiones</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sententia" class="mw-disambig" title="Sententia">sententiis</a> et sententias in <a href="/wiki/Oratio" title="Oratio">orationibus</a> vel <a href="/wiki/Sermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sermo">sermonibus</a> collocentur describit.<sup id="cite_ref-michel161_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-michel161-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Propositio vocabulorum est coniunctio. Grammaticae docti studium propositionum in duas partes dividunt. Una in parte singulae functiones describuntur vocabulorum singulorum, altera in parte rationes considerantur quibus vocabula inter se colligari possint. Ita in grammatica functionum syntaxis ab rationum syntaxe distinguitur.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Recensere partem: Nexus interni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Nexus interni"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clausa_(grammatica)" title="Clausa (grammatica)">Clausa (grammatica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emendatio_linguae" title="Emendatio linguae">Emendatio linguae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figura_loquendi" class="mw-redirect" title="Figura loquendi">Figura loquendi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica_ambigua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grammatica ambigua (non est haec pagina)">Grammatica ambigua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammatica_generativa" title="Grammatica generativa">Grammatica generativa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica_harmonica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grammatica harmonica (non est haec pagina)">Grammatica harmonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammatica_Latina" title="Grammatica Latina">Grammatica Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammaticalizatio" title="Grammaticalizatio">Grammaticalizatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammatica_Slovena" title="Grammatica Slovena">Grammatica Slovena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammatica_transformationalis" title="Grammatica transformationalis">Grammatica transformationalis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica_universa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grammatica universa (non est haec pagina)">Grammatica universa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negatio" title="Negatio">Negatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pars_orationis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pars orationis">Pars orationis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntaxis" title="Syntaxis">Syntaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typologia_linguistica" title="Typologia linguistica">Typologia linguistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbum" class="mw-disambig" title="Verbum">Verbum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Grammatica" title="Vicipaedia:Grammatica">Vicipaedia:Grammatica</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Fontes</b> :<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:P_literature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/P_literature.svg/20px-P_literature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/P_literature.svg/30px-P_literature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/P_literature.svg/40px-P_literature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <i>Partes huius textus transsumptae sunt ex <a href="/wiki/Etymologiarum_Libri_Viginti" class="mw-redirect" title="Etymologiarum Libri Viginti">Etymologiarum Libris Viginti</a> <a href="/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus">Sancti</a> <a href="/wiki/Isidorus_Hispalensis" title="Isidorus Hispalensis">Isidori Hispalensis</a>.</i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Perrot, <i>La linguistique,</i> p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grevi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-grevi_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-grevi_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Grévisse 1964: 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Joüon, <i>Grammaire de l'hébreu biblique,</i> pp. 39 ad 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roersch & Thomas & Hombert, <i>Éléments de grammaire grecque</i>, paginas 21 et 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michel 1964: 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gladstone Chaves de Melo, <i>Gramática fundamental da língua portuguêsa</i>, pagina 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">André Martinet, in <i>Syntaxe générale</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Joüon, op. cit., pp. 289 ad 465.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michel 1964: 212 ad 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Loos 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-michel161-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-michel161_12-0">12.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-michel161_12-1">12.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Michel 1964: 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. A. Bailly, <i>Abrégé du dictionnaire grec-français,</i> p. 840.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gladstone Chaves de Melo, <i>Gramática fundamental da língua portuguêsa,</i> 15–17.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatica&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bailly, M. A. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>. <i>Abrégé du dictionnaire grec-français.</i> Hachette. <a href="/wiki/Lutetia_Parisiorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetia Parisiorum">Lutetia Parisiorum</a>.</li> <li>Bodmer, Frederick. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>. <i>The Loom of Languages.</i></li> <li>Bopp, Franz. <a href="/wiki/1816" title="1816">1816</a>. <i>Über das Konjugationssystem der Sanskritsprache in Vergleichung mit jenem der griechischen, lateinischen, persischen und germanischen Sprache.</i></li> <li>Bußmann, Hadumod. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>. <i>Lexikon der Sprachwissenschaft.</i> Stutgardiae. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3520452022" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-520-45202-2</a>.</li> <li>Chaves de Melo, Gladstone. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>. <i>Gramática fundamental da língua portugêsa.</i> Livraria Academica. <a href="/wiki/Urbs_Fluminensis" title="Urbs Fluminensis">Urbs Fluminensis</a>.</li> <li>Chomsky, Noam. <a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a>. <i>Syntactic Structures.</i> Hagae: Mouton.</li> <li>Croft, William. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>. <i>Explaining Language Change: An Evolutionary Approach.</i> Harlow, Essex: Longman.</li> <li>Eco, Umberto. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>. <i>La ricerca della lingua perfetta nella cultura europa, 1993.</i></li> <li>Glück, Helmut, ed. <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>. <i>Metzler Lexikon Sprache.</i> Stuttgart, Weimar: Metzler. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3476009378" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-476-00937-8</a>.</li> <li>Grévisse, Maurice. <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>. <i>Le bon usage, grammaire française.</i> Gemblaus (Gallice <i>Gembloux</i>): Jean Duculot.</li> <li>Helbig, Gerhard, et Joachim Buscha. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>. <i>Leitfaden der deutschen Grammatik.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3468494955" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-468-49495-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9783468494956" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-468-49495-6</a>.</li> <li>Holmes, Janet. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>. <i>An Introduction to Sociolinguistics.</i> Ed. secunda. Harlow, Essex: Longman.</li> <li>Joüon, Paul. (<a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>) <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>. <i>Grammaire de l'hébreu biblique.</i> Roma: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico.</li> <li>Loos. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>.</li> <li>Martinet, André. <i>Syntaxe générale.</i> <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a>. Armand Colin. Lutetia Parisiorum. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/2200312113" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-200-31211-3</a>.</li> <li>Michel, Jacques. <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>. <i>Grammaire de base du Latin.</i> De Sikkel. <a href="/wiki/Antverpia" title="Antverpia">Antverpia</a>.</li> <li>O'Grady, William, Michael Dobrovolsky, et Francis Katamba. <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a>. <i>Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction.</i></li> <li>Perrot, Jean. <i>La linguistique.</i> <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>. Presses Universitaires de France. Lutetia Parisiorum. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9782130557098" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-13-055709-8</a>.</li> <li>Roersch, et Thomas, et Hombert. <a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>. <i>Éléments de grammaire grecque.</i> Wetteren, Belgium: Cultura.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannes_Rubenbauer" title="Ioannes Rubenbauer">Rubenbauer, Hans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ioannes_Baptista_Hofmann" title="Ioannes Baptista Hofmann">J. B. Hofmann</a>. <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>. <i>Lateinische Grammatik.</i> Novissime editus ab R. Heine. Bamberg, <a href="/wiki/Monacum" title="Monacum">Monacum Bavariae</a>.</li> <li>Rundle, Bede. <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>. <i>Grammar in Philosophy.</i> Oxoniae: Clarendon Press; Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0198246129" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-824612-9</a>.</li> <li>Throm, Hermann. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>. <i>Lateinische Grammatik.</i> Cornelsen. Berolini. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3590125462" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-590-12546-2</a>.</li></ul> <table style="width:90%;border-spacing:2px;font-size:90%;text-align:center;border:2px solid goldenrod;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-size: larger; background: goldenrod"><a href="/wiki/Partes_orationis" title="Partes orationis">Partes orationis</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nomen_substantivum" title="Nomen substantivum">(Nomen) substantivum</a> | <a href="/wiki/Adiectivum" title="Adiectivum">(Nomen) adiectivum</a> | <a href="/wiki/Nomen_numerale" title="Nomen numerale">Nomen numerale</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pronomen" title="Pronomen">Pronomen</a> | <a href="/wiki/Articulus_(grammatica)" title="Articulus (grammatica)">Articulus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Verbum_(temporale)" title="Verbum (temporale)">Verbum (temporale)</a> | <a href="/wiki/Adverbium" title="Adverbium">Adverbium</a> | <a href="/wiki/Participium" title="Participium">Participium</a> | <a href="/wiki/Coniunctio_(grammatica)" title="Coniunctio (grammatica)">Coniunctio</a> | <a href="/wiki/Praepositio_(grammatica_Latina)" title="Praepositio (grammatica Latina)">Praepositio</a> | <a href="/wiki/Interiectio" title="Interiectio">Interiectio</a> | (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Particula_(grammatica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Particula (grammatica) (non est haec pagina)">Particula</a>) </td></tr><tr> <th style="background: palegoldenrod"><a href="/wiki/Nomen_substantivum" title="Nomen substantivum">Nomen substantivum</a> et <a href="/wiki/Adiectivum" title="Adiectivum">Nomen adiectivum</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Numerus_grammaticus" title="Numerus grammaticus">Numerus</a>:</b> Singularis | Pluralis | Dualis</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Genus_(grammatica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genus (grammatica)">Genus</a>:</b> masculinum | femininum | neutrum | commune | omne</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Declinatio_(grammatica)" title="Declinatio (grammatica)">Declinatio</a> latina:</b> <a href="/wiki/Declinatio_Prima" title="Declinatio Prima">Prima</a> | <a href="/wiki/Declinatio_Secunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Declinatio Secunda">Secunda</a> | <a href="/wiki/Declinatio_Tertia" class="mw-redirect" title="Declinatio Tertia">Tertia</a> | <a href="/wiki/Declinatio_Quarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Declinatio Quarta">Quarta</a> | <a href="/wiki/Declinatio_Quinta" class="mw-redirect" title="Declinatio Quinta">Quinta</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Casus" class="mw-disambig" title="Casus">Casus</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Nominativus" title="Nominativus">Nominativus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Genetivus" title="Genetivus">Genetivus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Dativus" title="Dativus">Dativus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Accusativus" title="Accusativus">Accusativus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Vocativus" title="Vocativus">Vocativus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ablativus" title="Ablativus">Ablativus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Locativus" title="Locativus">Locativus</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table style="width:90%;border-spacing:2px;font-size:90%;text-align:center;border:2px solid goldenrod;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-size: larger; background: goldenrod"><a href="/wiki/Partes_orationis" title="Partes orationis">Partes orationis</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nomen_substantivum" title="Nomen substantivum">(Nomen) substantivum</a> | <a href="/wiki/Adiectivum" title="Adiectivum">(Nomen) adiectivum</a> | <a href="/wiki/Nomen_numerale" title="Nomen numerale">Nomen numerale</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pronomen" title="Pronomen">Pronomen</a> | <a href="/wiki/Articulus_(grammatica)" title="Articulus (grammatica)">Articulus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Verbum_(temporale)" title="Verbum (temporale)">Verbum (temporale)</a> | <a href="/wiki/Adverbium" title="Adverbium">Adverbium</a> | <a href="/wiki/Participium" title="Participium">Participium</a> | <a href="/wiki/Coniunctio_(grammatica)" title="Coniunctio (grammatica)">Coniunctio</a> | <a href="/wiki/Praepositio_(grammatica_Latina)" title="Praepositio (grammatica Latina)">Praepositio</a> | <a href="/wiki/Interiectio" title="Interiectio">Interiectio</a> | (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Particula_(grammatica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Particula (grammatica) (non est haec pagina)">Particula</a>) </td></tr><tr> <th style="background: palegoldenrod"><a href="/wiki/Verbum_(temporale)" title="Verbum (temporale)">Verbum (temporale)</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Persona_grammatica" title="Persona grammatica">Persona</a>:</b> Prima | Secunda | Tertia</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Numerus_grammaticus" title="Numerus grammaticus">Numerus</a>:</b> Singularis | Pluralis | Dualis</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Verbum_(temporale)#Genera_verborum" title="Verbum (temporale)">Genus verbi</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Activum" title="Activum">Activum</a> | <a href="/wiki/Passivum" title="Passivum">Passivum</a> | (Neutrum | Commune | Deponens)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modus_verbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modus verbi (non est haec pagina)">Modus</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Infinitivus_(grammatica)" title="Infinitivus (grammatica)">Infinitivus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Indicativus" title="Indicativus">Indicativus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Coniunctivus" title="Coniunctivus">Coniunctivus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Imperativus" title="Imperativus">Imperativus</a> | <a href="/wiki/Optativus" title="Optativus">Optativus</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tempus_(ars_grammatica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempus (ars grammatica)">Tempus</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Praesens" title="Praesens">Praesens</a> | <a href="/wiki/Imperfectum" title="Imperfectum">Imperfectum</a> | <a href="/wiki/Perfectum" title="Perfectum">Perfectum</a> | <a href="/wiki/Plusquamperfectum" title="Plusquamperfectum">Plusquamperfectum</a> | <a href="/wiki/Futurum" title="Futurum">Futurum</a> | <a href="/wiki/Futurum_exactum" class="mw-redirect" title="Futurum exactum">Futurum exactum</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Vide etiam:</b> <a href="/wiki/Gerundium" title="Gerundium">Gerundium</a> | <a href="/wiki/Supinum" title="Supinum">Supinum</a> | <a href="/wiki/Gerundivum" title="Gerundivum">Gerundivum</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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