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<div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatik_i_traditionell_språkvetenskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatik_i_traditionell_språkvetenskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Grammatik i traditionell språkvetenskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatik_i_traditionell_språkvetenskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Det_inre_regelsystemet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Det_inre_regelsystemet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Det inre regelsystemet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Det_inre_regelsystemet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grammatik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 171 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-171" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">171 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B0%E1%8B%8B%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%8D" title="ሰዋስው – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሰዋስው" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiel%C3%A2opp%C3%A2" title="Kielâoppâ – enaresamiska" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kielâoppâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9" title="قواعد لغة – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قواعد لغة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A0%DC%A5%DC%99%DC%90" title="ܩܢܘܢܐ ܕܠܥܙܐ – arameiska" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܢܘܢܐ ܕܠܥܙܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="ব্যাকৰণ – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ব্যাকৰণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%27%E1%BA%BDtekuaa" title="Ñe'ẽtekuaa – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe'ẽtekuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – avariska" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrammatika" title="Qrammatika – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qrammatika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="قرامر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قرامر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="ব্যাকরণ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্যাকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBn-hoat" title="Bûn-hoat – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bûn-hoat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматыка – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Граматыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматыка – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Граматыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanghayan" title="Balanghayan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Balanghayan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik – bayerska" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bayerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་གཞུང་། – tibetanska" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་གཞུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezhadur" title="Yezhadur – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica" title="Gramàtica – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gramàtica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramadeg" title="Gramadeg – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gramadeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9" title="قواعد لغة – marockansk arabiska" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قواعد لغة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marockansk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Γραμματική – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραμματική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – erjya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erjya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatiko" title="Gramatiko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gramatiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática – extremaduriska" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremaduriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دستور زبان – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستور زبان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyakaran" title="Vyakaran – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vyakaran" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ll%C3%A6ra" title="Mállæra – färöiska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mállæra" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="färöiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammaire" title="Grammaire – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grammaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammeydys" title="Grammeydys – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Grammeydys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A0mar" title="Gràmar – skotsk gaeliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gràmar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gaeliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="文法" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9" title="𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹 – gotiska" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EB%B2%95" title="문법 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahawu" title="Nahawu – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Nahawu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Քերականություն – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քերականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatiko" title="Gramatiko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gramatiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_bahasa" title="Tata bahasa – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tata bahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Грамматикæ – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Грамматикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igramma" title="Igramma – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Igramma" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Málfræði – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7" title="דקדוק – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דקדוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3" title="ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garalita" title="Garalita – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Garalita" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="გრამატიკა – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრამატიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yethador" title="Yethador – korniska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yethador" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikibonezamvugo" title="Ikibonezamvugo – kinjarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikibonezamvugo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinjarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarufi" title="Sarufi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sarufi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A8" title="Gramè – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gramè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A8r" title="Gramèr – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Gramèr" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAziman" title="Rêziman – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rêziman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ໄວຍະກອນ – laotiska" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໄວຍະກອນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammair" title="Grammair – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Grammair" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/gerna" title="gerna – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="gerna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyelvtan" title="Nyelvtan – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyelvtan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitsipi-pitenenana" title="Fitsipi-pitenenana – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fitsipi-pitenenana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="വ്യാകരണം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വ്യാകരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="გრამატიკა – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გრამატიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="သဒ္ဒါမန် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သဒ္ဒါမန်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatabahasa" title="Tatabahasa – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tatabahasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A0_%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9E" title="ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84-hu%C3%A1k" title="Ngṳ̄-huák – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngṳ̄-huák" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática – mirandesiska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB" title="သဒ္ဒါ – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သဒ္ဒါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatica" title="Grammatica – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grammatica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="व्याकरण – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="व्याकरण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82" title="भाय्‌लचं – newariska" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भाय्‌लचं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%9C%DF%8D" title="ߞߊ߲ߜߍ – n-kå" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߊ߲ߜߍ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n-kå" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatik" title="Gramatik – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gramatik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatikk" title="Grammatikk – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grammatikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatikk" title="Grammatikk – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grammatikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatike" title="Gramatike – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gramatike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatica" title="Gramatica – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gramatica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Йылмылончыш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йылмылончыш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seerluga" title="Seerluga – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Seerluga" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਿਆਕਰਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਆਕਰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1" title="گریمر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گریمر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grama" title="Grama – jamaikansk engelsk kreol" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Grama" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikansk engelsk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – komi-permjakiska" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permjakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D" title="វេយ្យាករណ៍ – kambodjanska" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វេយ្យាករណ៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kambodjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granmo%C3%A8re" title="Granmoère – pikardiska" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Granmoère" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A0tica" title="Gramàtica – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gramàtica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grama" title="Grama – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Grama" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Grammatik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatyka" title="Gramatyka – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gramatyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Γραμματική – pontiska" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γραμματική" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%C3%A1tica" title="Gramática – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gramática" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatika" title="Grammatika – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Grammatika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarf" title="Sarf – krimtatariska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Sarf" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatic%C4%83" title="Gramatică – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gramatică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simi_kamachiy" title="Simi kamachiy – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Simi kamachiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ґраматіка – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґраматіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="व्याकरणम् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="व्याकरणम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B2" title="ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramm%C3%A0tica" title="Grammàtica – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Grammàtica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB" title="ව්‍යාකරණ – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ව්‍යාකරණ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Grammar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="گرامر – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گرامر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika_(jazykoveda)" title="Gramatika (jazykoveda) – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gramatika (jazykoveda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovnica" title="Slovnica – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slovnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ڕێزمان – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێزمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kielioppi" title="Kielioppi – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kielioppi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balarila" title="Balarila – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Balarila" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="இலக்கணம் (மொழியியல்) – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலக்கணம் (மொழியியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грамматика – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Грамматика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82_(%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF)" title="వ్యాకరణం (అయోమయనివృత్తి) – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వ్యాకరణం (అయోమయనివృత్తి)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="ไวยากรณ์ – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไวยากรณ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дастури забон – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Дастури забон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilbilgisi" title="Dilbilgisi – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dilbilgisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Граматика – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Граматика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%90_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قواعدِ زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قواعدِ زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%89%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7" title="گىرامماتىكا – uiguriska" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گىرامماتىكا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramadega" title="Gramadega – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gramadega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_ph%C3%A1p" title="Ngữ pháp – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramat" title="Gramat – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gramat" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croejhete_(linwince)" title="Croejhete (linwince) – vallonska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Croejhete (linwince)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="語法 – litterär kineiska" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="語法" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="litterär kineiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika" title="Gramatika – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gramatika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="語法 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="語法" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7" title="גראמאטיק – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גראמאטיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="文法 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="文法" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramer" title="Gramer – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gramer" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammaotica" title="Grammaotica – zeeländska" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Grammaotica" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramat%C4%97ka" title="Gramatėka – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gramatėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" title="语法 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="语法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8091#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="/wiki/Grammatisk_kategori" title="Grammatisk kategori">Grammatisk kategori</a> och <a href="/wiki/Formell_grammatik" title="Formell grammatik">Formell grammatik</a></dd></dl></div> <table style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; padding: .2em; float: right; clear: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kvetenskap" title="Språkvetenskap">Språkvetenskapliga <br />discipliner</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dialektologi" title="Dialektologi">Dialektologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonetik" title="Fonetik">Fonetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonologi" title="Fonologi">Fonologi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grammatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historisk_lingvistik" title="Historisk lingvistik">Historisk lingvistik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexikografi" title="Lexikografi">Lexikografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfologi_(lingvistik)" title="Morfologi (lingvistik)">Morfologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortografi" title="Ortografi">Ortografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatik" title="Pragmatik">Pragmatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantik" title="Semantik">Semantik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotik" title="Semiotik">Semiotik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfilosofi" title="Språkfilosofi">Språkfilosofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociolingvistik" title="Sociolingvistik">Sociolingvistik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5ktypologi" title="Språktypologi">Språktypologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retorik" title="Retorik">Retorik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastik" title="Onomastik">Onomastik</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Grammatik</b> (Från <a href="/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska">grekiska</a>: γραμματική, grammatikí) är det regelsystem för <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k" title="Språk">språk</a> som beskriver hur <a href="/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem">morfem</a> (orddelar) kombineras för att bilda <a href="/wiki/Ord" title="Ord">ord</a> och dessa i sin tur kombineras för att skapa förståeliga <a href="/wiki/Sats_(lingvistik)" title="Sats (lingvistik)">satser</a> och <a href="/wiki/Mening_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Mening (språk)">meningar</a>. Ordet används dels om det underliggande regelsystem som varje talare av ett <a href="/wiki/Enskilt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Enskilt språk">enskilt språk</a> omedvetet eller medvetet lärt in, dels om den gren av <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kvetenskap" title="Språkvetenskap">språkvetenskapen</a> som studerar hur sådana regelsystem är uppbyggda och slutligen om beskrivningar av sådana regelsystem nedskrivna i till exempel en bok.<sup id="cite_ref-NE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NE-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grammatik i den sistnämnda betydelsen – nedskrivna regelsystem – är den grammatik som allmänheten oftast möter i form av traditionell <a href="/wiki/Skolgrammatik" title="Skolgrammatik">skolgrammatik</a>. </p><p>Man skiljer på deskriptiv och preskriptiv grammatik, den deskriptiva syftar till att beskriva den språkliga verkligheten och den preskriptiva ger rekommendationer för hur man skall bruka språket. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatik&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Etymologi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ordet "grammatik" kommer från <a href="/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska">grekiskans</a> γραμματικὴ τέχνη (<i>grammatike téchne</i>), vilket betyder "bokstävernas konst", från γράμμα (<i>grámma</i>), "bokstav", själv från γράφειν (<i>gráphein</i>), "rita", "skriva". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatik_i_traditionell_språkvetenskap"><span id="Grammatik_i_traditionell_spr.C3.A5kvetenskap"></span>Grammatik i traditionell språkvetenskap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Grammatik i traditionell språkvetenskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatik&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Grammatik i traditionell språkvetenskap"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Med grammatik menas reglerna för hur <a href="/wiki/Ord" title="Ord">ord</a> (lexem) böjs och sätts samman i <a href="/wiki/Sats_(lingvistik)" title="Sats (lingvistik)">satser</a> och meningar. Grammatiken indelas i <a href="/wiki/Morfologi_(lingvistik)" title="Morfologi (lingvistik)">morfologi</a> (formlära) och <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a> (satslära). En del av morfologin, <a href="/wiki/Ordbildning" title="Ordbildning">ordbildningsläran</a>, behandlas dock oftast inte inom ramen för traditionell grammatik. Även regler för hur ljud kombineras (<a href="/wiki/Fonotax" title="Fonotax">fonotax</a>) och hur satser kombineras till texter faller utanför grammatiken. Grammatik är en del av <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kvetenskap" title="Språkvetenskap">lingvistiken</a>, språklära i vidare bemärkelse. </p><p>Den grammatiska vetenskapen lägger fram olika regler för hur ett språk ser ut (särspråklig grammatik) och teorier om hur grammatiska system fungerar (allmän grammatik). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Det_inre_regelsystemet">Det inre regelsystemet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Det inre regelsystemet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatik&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Det inre regelsystemet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Studiet av det inre regelsystemet sträcker sig vidare än inom traditionell grammatik; alla aspekter av hur språket bildas omfattas: <a href="/wiki/Fonetik" title="Fonetik">fonetik</a> beskriver de talljud som ingår i språket. <a href="/wiki/Fonologi" title="Fonologi">Fonologi</a> beskriver användningen av ljud för att forma orddelar. <a href="/wiki/Morfologi_(lingvistik)" title="Morfologi (lingvistik)">Morfologi</a> beskriver olika former av ord och orddelar. <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">Syntax</a> beskriver hur ord och orddelar sammanfogas till satser. Därutöver finns <a href="/wiki/Semantik" title="Semantik">semantik</a> och <a href="/wiki/Pragmatik" title="Pragmatik">pragmatik</a>. </p><p>Startskottet för det vetenskapliga studiet av den inre grammatiken var när <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> 1957 lade fram tankar som blev grunden för studiet av <a href="/wiki/Generativ_grammatik" title="Generativ grammatik">generativ grammatik</a>. </p><p>Den grundläggande grammatiken (språkets bas) lär sig barn snabbt och tidigt. Chomsky antog därför att grammatikens utformning beror på hjärnans uppbyggnad och kapacitet. Man försöker genom att undersöka fenomen som förekommer i alla språk för att få reda på vad i språket som är specifikt för arten människa. Ett annat sätt att studera vad som är specifikt för människans språkförmåga är att studera grupper av regler som verkar hänga samman (<i>knippen</i>). <sup id="cite_ref-NE_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NE-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatik&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatik&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den <a href="/wiki/Skolgrammatik" title="Skolgrammatik">traditionella europeiska grammatiken</a>, med indelning i <a href="/wiki/Satsdelar" class="mw-redirect" title="Satsdelar">satsdelar</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ordklasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordklasser">ordklasser</a> samt olika underkategorier, utformades på <a href="/wiki/Antiken" title="Antiken">antik</a> grund under <a href="/wiki/Medeltiden" title="Medeltiden">medeltiden</a> och utvecklades under århundradena därefter.<sup id="cite_ref-KåF_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KåF-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Man utgick huvudsakligen från <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinets</a> uppbyggnad, och anpassade sedan grammatiken för beskrivning av andra språk.<sup id="cite_ref-KåF_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KåF-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under 1900-talet utvecklades strukturlingvistiken, en strukturell grammatik som beskriver språket som ett sammanhängande system av enheter som är beroende av varandra.<sup id="cite_ref-KåF_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KåF-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ett fåtal språkljud, <a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">fonem</a>, bygger upp språkets minsta betydelsebärande enhet, <a href="/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem">morfem</a>, som i sin tur kan kombineras till ord och satser. Varje språk har sin egen uppsättning av fonem och morfem, med regler för deras kombination.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatik&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatik&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grammatisk_kategori" title="Grammatisk kategori">Grammatisk kategori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kvetenskap" title="Språkvetenskap">Språkvetenskap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svenska_Akademiens_grammatik" title="Svenska Akademiens grammatik">Svenska Akademiens grammatik</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatik&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatik&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NE-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-NE_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NE_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/grammatik">Grammatik</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">Nationalencyklopedins</a> nätupplaga</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KåF-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-KåF_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KåF_2-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KåF_2-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFKjell‑Åke_Forsgren2017">Kjell‑Åke Forsgren (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spraktidningen.se/artiklar/2016/12/den-sega-grammatiken-segrar">”Den sega grammatiken segrar!”</a> (på svenska). <i>Språktidningen</i> (1)<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://spraktidningen.se/artiklar/2016/12/den-sega-grammatiken-segrar">https://spraktidningen.se/artiklar/2016/12/den-sega-grammatiken-segrar</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 14 oktober 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Den+sega+grammatiken+segrar%21&rft.jtitle=Spr%C3%A5ktidningen&rft.aulast=Kjell%26%23x2011%3B%C3%85ke+Forsgren&rft.au=Kjell%26%23x2011%3B%C3%85ke+Forsgren&rft.date=2017&rft.issue=1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspraktidningen.se%2Fartiklar%2F2016%2F12%2Fden-sega-grammatiken-segrar&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Grammatik"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Focus_(uppslagsverk)" title="Focus (uppslagsverk)">Focus</a>, 3:e upplagan, Band 2, 1972</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grammatik&veaction=edit&section=7" 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