<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <HTML> <head>  <link href="/cds-navbar-resources/css/cdsnavbar.min.css" rel="stylesheet">  <link title="SIMBAD" rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/cds-navbar-resources/opensearch/simbad.xml"> <link title="VizieR" rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/cds-navbar-resources/opensearch/vizier.xml"> <link title="Aladin" rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/cds-navbar-resources/opensearch/aladin.xml"> <link title="XMatch" rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/cds-navbar-resources/opensearch/xmatch.xml"><meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/Simlib/jquery.dataTables.min.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/Simlib/sed.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/Simlib/tables.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/Simlib/myAladinLite.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="SIMBAD basic" href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/Simlib/simbadBasic.xml" /> <script src="/Simlib/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/Simlib/jquery.dataTables.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/Simlib/simbad.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/Simlib/tables.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/Simlib/jquery-ui.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/Simlib/myAladinLite.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/samp/simbad-samp.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML"></script> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\$','\$']]} }); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/simbad.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/htree/css/style.css" type="text/css" /> <script src="/htree/js/CanvasSVG.js"></script> <script src="/htree/js/Circle.js"></script> <script src="/htree/js/script.js"></script> <Meta name="Description" content="The SIMBAD astronomical database provides basic data, cross-identifications, bibliography and measurements for astronomical objects outside the solar system."> <TITLE itemprop='name'>SIMBAD Astronomical Database - CDS (Strasbourg)</TITLE></head> <body>  <nav class="cds-menu for-simbad" role="menubar" aria-label="CDS services navigation" data-pagefind-ignore>  <header><a href="https://cds.unistra.fr" role="menuitem" aria-label="CDS website"></a></header>  <ul role="menu" aria-label="CDS services">  <li class="is-collapsed-when-very-small" role="none">  <span class="menu-trigger for-all-services" tabindex="0" onclick="void(0)" role="menuitem" aria-label="List CDS services and more" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span>Services</span></span>  <ul role="menu" aria-label="CDS main services"> <li role="none"><a class="portal" href="http://cdsportal.u-strasbg.fr" role="menuitem" aria-label="CDS Portal"><span></span></a></li> <li role="none"><a class="simbad" href="http://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad" role="menuitem" aria-label="Simbad"><span></span></a></li> <li role="none"><a class="vizier" href="https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR" role="menuitem" aria-label="VizieR"><span></span></a></li> <li role="none"><a class="aladin" href="http://aladin.cds.unistra.fr/aladin.gml" role="menuitem" aria-label="Aladin"><span></span></a></li> <li role="none"><a class="xmatch" href="http://cdsxmatch.u-strasbg.fr" role="menuitem" aria-label="X-Match"><span></span></a></li>  <li role="none">  <a class="menu-trigger for-other-services" tabindex="0" onclick="void(0)" role="menuitem" aria-label="Other resources" aria-haspopup="true">Others</a>  <ul role="menu" aria-label="Other resources"> <li role="none"><a href="https://cds.unistra.fr/cgi-bin/Sesame" role="menuitem" aria-label="Sesame name resolver">Sesame name resolver</a></li> <li role="none"><a href="https://cds.unistra.fr/cgi-bin/Dic-Simbad" role="menuitem" aria-label="Dictionary of nomenclature">Dictionary of nomenclature</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider" aria-hidden="true"></li>  <li role="none"><a href="mailto:cds-question@unistra.fr" tabindex="0" role="menuitem" aria-label="Contact us">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li>  <li role="none"><a class="help" href="https://cds.unistra.fr/help" role="menuitem" aria-label="Help resources"><span>Help</span></a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="cdsPageTitle"><h1>SIMBAD Astronomical Database - CDS (Strasbourg)</h1></div><div style="margin: 10px"> <SPAN width="300px" class="info-tooltip"> <DIV> <FONT SIZE='+1'> What is SIMBAD, and what is it not ? </FONT> %<CDSHEAD>WHAT IS SIMBAD</CDSHEAD> <P> <BR> The purpose of Simbad is to provide information on astronomical objects of interest which have been studied in scientific articles. <P> Simbad is a dynamic database, updated every working day. <P> It provides the bibliography, as well as available basic information such as the nature of the object, its coordinates, magnitudes, proper motions and parallax, velocity/redshift, size, spectral or morphological type, and the multitude of names (identifiers) given in the literature. The CDS team also performs cross-identifications based on the compatibility of several parameters, in the limit of a reasonably good astrometry. <P> Simbad is a meta-compilation built from what is published in the literature, and from our expertise on cross-identifications. By construction it is highly inhomogeneous as data come from any kind of instruments at all wavelenghts with any resolution and astrometry, and different names from one publication to another. <P> Simbad is not a catalogue, and should not be used as a catalogue. The CDS also provides the VizieR database which contains published lists of objects, as well as most very large surveys. The idea now is to use both Simbad and VizieR as complementary research tools. </DIV> <A HREF="http://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/guide/simbad.htx">What is SIMBAD ?</A> </SPAN> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING="5" CELLPADDING="5"> <TR> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2"> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" NOWRAP BGCOLOR="#317D8D"> <FONT SIZE="+1" COLOR="#FFFFFF"> <B> <I> Queries </I> </B> </FONT> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-fbasic">basic search</A> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <B> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-fid">by identifier</A> </B> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <B> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-fcoo">by coordinates</A> </B> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <B> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-fsam">by criteria</A> </B> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-fref">reference query</A> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <B> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-fscript">scripts</A> </B> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <B> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-tap">TAP queries</A> </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>   </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#F8F8DA"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <I> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-fout">Output options</A> </I> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>   </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>   </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2"> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" NOWRAP BGCOLOR="#3264A0"> <FONT SIZE="+1" COLOR="#FFFFFF"> <B> <I> Documentation </I> </B> </FONT> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <B> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/../guide/otypes.htx"><img id='warn_home' src='/icons/burst.png'/> Object types</A> </B> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <B> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/../guide/nomenclature.htx"><img id='warn_home' src='/icons/burst.png'/> Nomenclature & Dictionary</A> </B> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac6268"> Recommendations for Data Publication </A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>   </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <B> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/../guide/index.htx">User's guide</A> </B> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="http://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/guide/chMeas.htx">Measurement description</A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>   </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-display?data=journals">List of journals</A> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="http://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/guide/annotations.htx">User annotations documentation</A> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-help?Page=sim-url">Query by urls</A> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="#acklab"> Acknowledgment </A> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2"> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" NOWRAP BGCOLOR="#3264A0"> <FONT SIZE="+1" COLOR="#FFFFFF"> <B> <I> Information </I> </B> </FONT> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-help?Page=simbad4">Presentation</A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>   </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="http://aladin.u-strasbg.fr/simbad-thumbnails/thumbnails1.html"> Image thumbnails </A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>   </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <B> <A HREF="/mobile"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 60 1792 1792" style="display:inline-block;width:20px;height:20px;fill:black;color:black;vertical-align: middle;"><path d="M976 1408q0-33-23.5-56.5t-56.5-23.5-56.5 23.5-23.5 56.5 23.5 56.5 56.5 23.5 56.5-23.5 23.5-56.5zm208-160v-704q0-13-9.5-22.5t-22.5-9.5h-512q-13 0-22.5 9.5t-9.5 22.5v704q0 13 9.5 22.5t22.5 9.5h512q13 0 22.5-9.5t9.5-22.5zm-192-848q0-16-16-16h-160q-16 0-16 16t16 16h160q16 0 16-16zm288-16v1024q0 52-38 90t-90 38h-512q-52 0-90-38t-38-90v-1024q0-52 38-90t90-38h512q52 0 90 38t38 90z"></path></svg> Mobile version</A> </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>   </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/../tools/SimWatch/manage">SimWatch <img src="/icons/simWatch.png" border="0"></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>   </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> Release: </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE="-1"> SIMBAD4 1.8 - 2024-10 </FONT> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="http://cds.unistra.fr/news/simbad.xml">Releases history</A> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING="5" CELLPADDING="5"> <TR VALIGN="TOP"> <TD WIDTH="55%"> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2"> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" NOWRAP BGCOLOR="#3264A0"> <FONT SIZE="+1" COLOR="#FFFFFF"> <B> <I> Content </I> </B> </FONT> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> The SIMBAD astronomical database provides basic data, cross-identifications, bibliography and measurements for astronomical objects outside the solar system. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> SIMBAD can be queried by object name, coordinates and various criteria. Links to some other on-line services are also provided. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> Use of SIMBAD service is free without any registration under ODbL licence. We request that users cite the original paper reference. </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP"> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2"> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" NOWRAP BGCOLOR="#3264A0"> <FONT SIZE="+1" COLOR="#FFFFFF"> <B> <I> Basic search </I> </B> </FONT> </TD> </TR> <TR VALIGN="TOP"> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/js/addSearchEngine.js"> </script> <DIV itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebSite"> <meta itemprop='url' content='http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/'/> <FORM ACTION="sim-basic" METHOD="GET" itemprop="potentialAction" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SearchAction"> <meta itemprop='target' content='https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident={Ident}'/> <TABLE CELLPADDING="5"> <TR> <TD> <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="Ident" size="50" maxlength="100" itemprop="query-input" /> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <I> identifier, coordinates (radius=10 arcmin), or bibcode </I> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> <INPUT TYPE="submit" NAME="submit" VALUE="SIMBAD search" />      <INPUT TYPE="reset" NAME="reset" VALUE="clear" />      <A HREF="//simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-help?Page=sim-fbasic"> help </A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> <A HREF="javascript:addEngine('simbadBasic')"> Install the Simbad basic search in your tool bar </A> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </FORM> </DIV> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING="5" CELLPADDING="5"> <TR VALIGN="TOP"> <TD VALIGN="TOP" NOWRAP WIDTH="55%"> <A NAME="acklab"></A> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2"> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" NOWRAP BGCOLOR="#3264A0"> <FONT SIZE="+1" COLOR="#FFFFFF"> <B> <I> Acknowledgment </I> </B> </FONT> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="MIDDLE"> <FONT SIZE="+1"> If the Simbad database was helpful for your research work,<br>the following acknowledgment would be appreciated: <P> <I> This research has made use of the SIMBAD database,<br>operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France </I> <BR><BR> <FONT SIZE="+0"> <A HREF="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000A%26AS..143....9W"> 2000,A&AS,143,9 </A> , "The SIMBAD astronomical database", Wenger et al. </FONT> </P> </FONT> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> <TD WIDTH="45%"> <TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="2"> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP" NOWRAP COLSPAN="2" BGCOLOR="#3264A0"> <FONT SIZE="+1" COLOR="#FFFFFF"> <B> <I> Statistics </I> </B> </FONT> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" NOWRAP COLSPAN="2"> <B> Simbad contains on </B> <I> 2024.11.20 </I> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="28%"> <B> 20,036,217 </B> </TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"> objects </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="28%"> <B> 67,297,899 </B> </TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"> identifiers </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="28%"> <B> 441,691 </B> </TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"> bibliographic references </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="28%"> <B> 45,102,549 </B> </TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"> citations of objects in papers </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="28%"> <B> 15,608 </B> </TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"> acronyms described for Simbad </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </HTML> <P><P><HR><P> SIMBAD on the Web is the WWW interface to the SIMBAD database. It offers the following functionalities: <P> <UL> <LI>Query by identifiers and around identifiers <LI>Query by coordinates, specifying the radius and the equinox <LI>Query by bibcode and partial bibcode <LI>Sampling with a set of physical criteria <LI>Query by lists of objects, coordinates or bibcodes <LI>Display charts for list of objects resulting from coordinates query </UL> <P> Moreover, the interface provides links with many other data services : <P> <UL> <LI>Links to the other CDS services: Tables in VizieR, giving access to the whole catalogued data, links to Aladin images, surveys and observatory logs. <LI>Through the coordinates in basic data, you can query around an object, using a provided radius. <LI>Identifiers are linked to the nomenclature dictionary, providing full description of original list, and, when available, offering direct access to the corresponding catalogue in the CDS catalogue service (VizieR and Bazaar) <LI>Every bibcode is a link to the underlying bibliographic information, either at CDS, at ADS, or at the journal site when available. Links to the full text of paper are available in most cases.<BR> For articles containing tables stored at CDS, the reference provides also a link to the table or catalogue. <LI>A link to the Heasarc database (NASA/GSFC) is proposed when an object has identifiers in high energy catalogues. <LI>IUE measurements contain an anchor which points to the spectra stored in the INES database. <LI>The maps produced by coordinate queries are cliquable and return the object information from SIMBAD. </UL> <P> SIMBAD is on-boarded to the European Open Science Cloud (<A HREF="https://marketplace.eosc-portal.eu/services/eosc.cds.simbad_simbad_astronomical_database_provides_basic_data_cross-identifications_bibliography_and_measurements_for_astronomical_objects_outside_the_solar_system?return_path=search%252Fservice&search_params=q%253DSIMBAD&source_id=9969fed5-4403-425a-b182-5041962592ec&client_uid=0562baaf-ab9d-42c1-b9b7-61dfae41621a">EOSC</A>) to serve the astronomical community. </div>  <footer class="cds-footer for-simbad" data-pagefind-ignore> <div class="cds">  <a class="cds logo" href="https://cds.unistra.fr" title="CDS - Centre de Donn茅es astronomiques de Strasbourg" target="_blank"></a>  <div class="socials"> <a class="email" title="Send an email to the CDS team." href="mailto:cds-question@unistra.fr?Subject=Simbad"></a> <a class="rss" title="RSS Feed of the CDS news" href="https://cds.unistra.fr/news/rss.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a class="facebook" title="CDS' Facebook page." href="https://www.facebook.com/CDSportal/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a class="youtube" title="CDS' Youtube channel." href="https://www.youtube.com/@CDSportal" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> <a class="github" title="CDS' GitHub page." href="https://github.com/cds-astro" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a> </div> </div> <div class="service"> <div class="content"> 2024.11.24-08:46:05 </div> </div> <div class="legal-links"> <a href="https://cds.unistra.fr/about/contact/">Contact</a> - <a href="https://cds.unistra.fr/legals/">Legals</a> </div> </footer></body>

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