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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1886–1995:_Formation_and_initial_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1886–1995:_Formation_and_initial_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1886–1995: Formation and initial growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1886–1995:_Formation_and_initial_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1996–2023:_Merger_with_Ciba-Geigy_and_developments_under_Novartis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996–2023:_Merger_with_Ciba-Geigy_and_developments_under_Novartis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1996–2023: Merger with Ciba-Geigy and developments under Novartis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996–2023:_Merger_with_Ciba-Geigy_and_developments_under_Novartis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023–present:_Return_to_a_standalone_company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023–present:_Return_to_a_standalone_company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>2023–present: Return to a standalone company</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023–present:_Return_to_a_standalone_company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1986_Sandoz_warehouse_fire_in_Schweizerhalle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1986_Sandoz_warehouse_fire_in_Schweizerhalle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>1986 Sandoz warehouse fire in Schweizerhalle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1986_Sandoz_warehouse_fire_in_Schweizerhalle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2" title="ساندوز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ساندوز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Сандоз – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сандоз" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoz" title="Sandoz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sandoz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoz" title="Sandoz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sandoz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoz" title="Sandoz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sandoz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2" title="ساندوز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ساندوز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89_(%E8%A3%BD%E8%96%AC%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE)" title="サンド (製薬会社) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サンド (製薬会社)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoz" title="Sandoz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sandoz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoz" title="Sandoz – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sandoz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoz" title="Sandoz – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Sandoz" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoz" title="Sandoz – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Sandoz" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoz" title="Sandoz – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sandoz" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoz" title="Sandoz – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sandoz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA" title="แซนดอส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แซนดอส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoz" title="Sandoz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sandoz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoz" title="Sandoz – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Sandoz" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandoz" title="Sandoz – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sandoz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q528468#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sandoz" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sandoz" rel="discussion" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Sandoz&oldid=1262191711" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandoz&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Sandoz&id=1262191711&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSandoz"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSandoz"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none"> Swiss pharmaceuticals and biosimilars company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sandoz_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sandoz (disambiguation)">Sandoz (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Sandoz Group AG</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandoz-Blue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sandoz-Blue.svg/220px-Sandoz-Blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sandoz-Blue.svg/330px-Sandoz-Blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sandoz-Blue.svg/440px-Sandoz-Blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="67" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Sandoz GmbH</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Aktiengesellschaft" title="Aktiengesellschaft">Aktiengesellschaft</a></i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">SIX</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.six-group.com/en/products-services/the-swiss-stock-exchange/market-data/news-tools/product-search.html?security=SDZ">SDZ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SMI_MID" title="SMI MID">SMI MID</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=CH1243598427">CH1243598427</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Biosimilars</li><li>Generics</li><li>Biopharmaceuticals</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ciba-Geigy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciba-Geigy">Ciba-Geigy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1886<span class="noprint">; 139 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1886</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Alfred Kern</li><li>Edouard Sandoz</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Richard Saynor (<a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a>)<br />Francisco Ballester (President International)<br />Gilbert Ghostine (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">Chairman</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$9.647 billion</span> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-annual-report2023_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annual-report2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$375 million</span> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-annual-report2023_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annual-report2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$953 million</span> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-integrated-annual-report2023_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-integrated-annual-report2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$19.430 billion</span> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-integrated-annual-report2023_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-integrated-annual-report2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$8.654 billion</span> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-integrated-annual-report2023_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-integrated-annual-report2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">23,848 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-integrated-annual-report2023_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-integrated-annual-report2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sandoz.com">sandoz<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b>Footnotes / references</b><br /><sup id="cite_ref-annual-report_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annual-report-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-annual-report2023_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annual-report2023-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-integrated-annual-report2023_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-integrated-annual-report2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sandoz Group AG</b> is a Swiss company that focuses on <a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">generic pharmaceuticals</a> and biosimilars.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to October 2023, it was part of a division of <a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Novartis</a> that was established in 2003, when Novartis united all of its generics businesses under the name Sandoz. Before this, the company existed as an independent pharmaceutical manufacturer until 1996, when it was merged with Ciba-Geigy to form Novartis. Prior to the merger, it specialized in medicines used in organ transplants, such as <a href="/wiki/Sandimmune" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandimmune">Sandimmune</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Antipsychotic" title="Antipsychotic">antipsychotics</a> and migraine medicines. Its headquarters were in <a href="/wiki/Holzkirchen,_Upper_Bavaria" title="Holzkirchen, Upper Bavaria">Holzkirchen</a>, Germany and after the spin-off from Novartis, the headquarters moved to Basel, Switzerland. Sandoz is one of the leading global generics businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-Live._Magazine_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Live._Magazine-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandoz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1886–1995:_Formation_and_initial_growth"><span id="1886.E2.80.931995:_Formation_and_initial_growth"></span>1886–1995: Formation and initial growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandoz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1886–1995: Formation and initial growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company was founded in 1886 by Alfred Kern (1850–1893) and Edouard Sandoz (1853–1928) in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> (Switzerland) under the name <i>Chemiefirma Kern und Sandoz</i>. Initially the company focused on production of dyes namely <a href="/wiki/Alizarin" title="Alizarin">alizarin</a> blue and <a href="/wiki/Auramine" class="mw-redirect" title="Auramine">auramine</a>. When Kern died, the company changed its name to <i>Chemische Fabrik vormals Sandoz</i> in 1895 and began producing pharmaceuticals for the first time the same year. As early as 1895, the first pharmaceutical substance called <a href="/wiki/Phenazone" title="Phenazone">antipyrine</a> was produced to reduce fever. In 1899 they started producing <a href="/wiki/Saccharin" title="Saccharin">saccharin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1917, Sandoz entered pharmaceutical research when <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Stoll" title="Arthur Stoll">Arthur Stoll</a> (1887–1971) was hired, and, in 1929, Calcium Sandoz was introduced, laying the foundation research into modern calcium therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1918, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Stoll" title="Arthur Stoll">Arthur Stoll</a> isolated <a href="/wiki/Ergotamine" title="Ergotamine">ergotamine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ergot" title="Ergot">ergot</a>; the substance was eventually used to treat migraine and headaches and was introduced under the trade name <a href="/wiki/Ergotamine" title="Ergotamine">Gynergen</a> in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1938 <a href="/wiki/Albert_Hofmann" title="Albert Hofmann">Albert Hofmann</a> produced the synthetic substance <a href="/wiki/LSD" title="LSD">lysergic acid diethylamide</a>, better known as LSD. The psychoactive properties of this preparation were nevertheless not discovered until 1943, when Hofmann ingested a small amount by accident.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1947 to the mid-60s, LSD was sold by Sandoz under the name <i>Delysid</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was marketed as a treatment for a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental ailments</a>, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholism</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sexual_deviancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual deviancy">sexual deviancy</a>. Sandoz suggested in its marketing literature that psychiatrists take LSD themselves,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to gain a better subjective understanding of the <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenic</a> experience, and many did exactly that and so did other scientific researchers. The Sandoz product received mass publicity as early as 1954, in a <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine feature.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research on LSD peaked in the 1950s and early 1960s. The <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> purchased quantities of LSD from Sandoz for use in its illegal human experimentation program known as <a href="/wiki/MKUltra" title="MKUltra">MKUltra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sandoz withdrew the drug from the market in 1965. The drug became a cultural novelty of the 1960s after psychologist <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Leary" title="Timothy Leary">Timothy Leary</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> began to promote its use for recreational and spiritual experiences among the general public.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1939, Kern & Sandoz became Sandoz Ltd., a name it operated under for nearly sixty years.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1963, Sandoz acquired Biochemie GmbH, which was producing and supplying scarce, urgently needed acid-resistant penicillin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1967, Sandoz merged with <a href="/wiki/Wander_AG" title="Wander AG">Wander AG</a> and diversified into the dietetics business with <a href="/wiki/Ovomaltine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovomaltine">Ovomaltine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isostar" title="Isostar">Isostar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, Sandoz acquired Delmark, Wasabröd, Wasa, the Swedish crisp bread producer <a href="/wiki/Wasabr%C3%B6d" title="Wasabröd">Wasa</a> in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1986, Velsicol Chemical Corporation acquired the <a href="/wiki/Agrochemical" title="Agrochemical">agrochemicals</a> division of Sandoz.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, Sandoz bought Gerber Products Company, expanding its research into biopharmacueticals.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, the specialty chemicals division became an independent company under the name <a href="/wiki/Clariant" title="Clariant">Clariant</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Muttenz" title="Muttenz">Muttenz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1996–2023:_Merger_with_Ciba-Geigy_and_developments_under_Novartis"><span id="1996.E2.80.932023:_Merger_with_Ciba-Geigy_and_developments_under_Novartis"></span>1996–2023: Merger with Ciba-Geigy and developments under Novartis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandoz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1996–2023: Merger with Ciba-Geigy and developments under Novartis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 20, 1996, the merger of Sandoz and <a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Ciba-Geigy</a> led to the creation of Novartis. The Sandoz brand name was then only used in the pharmaceutical business for over-the-counter medicines.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Live._Magazine_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Live._Magazine-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The former company name Sandoz was reactivated in May 2003 with the merger of the globally differently named generics companies of the parent company Novartis under the uniform brand name Sandoz.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the name, the company logo used before the merger was also adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, Sandoz acquired Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Slovenia's largest pharmaceutical company.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, Novartis united its global generics businesses under a single global brand, reestablishing the name Sandoz as a division of Novartis.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Amifarma S.L. production plant in Palafolls, located near Barcelona, Spain was also acquired.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2005, Sandoz acquired over Hexal AG and Eon Labs. The integration into Sandoz created the second largest generics group in the world and the largest on the German market with annual sales of 7.6 billion US dollars (2008) and over 23,000 employees in 130 countries. The headquarters have been in Holzkirchen since 2005. Sandoz's Swiss administrative headquarters are in Rotkreuz ZG in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Risch-Rotkreuz" title="Risch-Rotkreuz">Risch</a> in the canton of Zug.<sup id="cite_ref-neuelz130614_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neuelz130614-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Growth_hormone_therapy" title="Growth hormone therapy">Omnitrope</a>, a recombinant human growth hormone, was approved by the <a href="/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency" title="European Medicines Agency">European Medicines Agency</a> (EMA) and also became the first <a href="/wiki/Biosimilar" title="Biosimilar">biosimilar</a> to receive approval from the FDA.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, the first complex biosimilar, <a href="/wiki/Epoetin_alfa" title="Epoetin alfa">Binocrit</a> was approved in the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Sandoz acquired EBEWE Pharma's specialty generic injectables division and in 2010, acquired Oriel Therapeutics.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Sandoz acquired Fougera Pharmaceuticals, entering the generic (topical) dermatology business.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2018, it was announced that Novartis would convert Sandoz into an independent entity over the next two years.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2019, it was announced that CEO Richard Francis had resigned for personal reasons and that Francesco Balestrieri, Sandoz's European head, had taken over management ad interim.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biospace.com_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biospace.com-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richard Saynor was appointed as CEO later in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-biospace.com_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biospace.com-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2022, Novartis said the spin-off of Sandoz into a standalone company would be completed by the end of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the spin-off, Sandoz announced in June 2023 it would move its headquarters from <a href="/wiki/Holzkirchen,_Upper_Bavaria" title="Holzkirchen, Upper Bavaria">Holzkirchen</a>, Germany to Basel, Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2023, Sandoz launched a biosimilar version of <a href="/wiki/AbbVie" title="AbbVie">AbbVie Inc</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">Humira</a>, under the label, <a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">Hyrimoz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023–present:_Return_to_a_standalone_company"><span id="2023.E2.80.93present:_Return_to_a_standalone_company"></span>2023–present: Return to a standalone company</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandoz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2023–present: Return to a standalone company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2023, Novartis announced that the spin-off had been approved by its shareholders and that it would be completed by the next month, resulting in Novartis shareholders receiving one Sandoz share for every five Novartis shares.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ft-spinoff_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-spinoff-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sandoz was listed on the <a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">SIX Swiss Exchange</a> with a market capitalization between $18 billion and $25bn.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ft-spinoff_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-spinoff-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 4, 2023, Novartis completed the spin-off of Sandoz as a stand-alone company.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2024, Sandoz announced it would acquire biosimilar drug for vision <a href="/wiki/Cimerli" class="mw-redirect" title="Cimerli">Cimerli</a> For $170 million from Coherus BioSciences.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acquisition was completed in March 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2024, Sandoz US and its subsidiary Fougera Pharmaceuticals Inc. - indirect subsidiaries of Sandoz Group AG reached a USD 265 million settlement agreement in the US related to a generics direct purchaser class action lawsuit.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2024, Sandoz reached an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a> to resolve all patent disputes between the two companies relating to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved Sandoz <a href="/wiki/Denosumab" title="Denosumab">denosumab</a> biosimilars.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2024, Sandoz inaugurated the new headquarters in Basel, Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1986_Sandoz_warehouse_fire_in_Schweizerhalle">1986 Sandoz warehouse fire in Schweizerhalle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandoz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1986 Sandoz warehouse fire in Schweizerhalle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sandoz_chemical_spill" title="Sandoz chemical spill">Sandoz chemical spill</a></div> <p>On November 1, 1986, a major fire broke out in a warehouse containing 1,350 tonnes (2,980,000 lb) of chemicals in what was then Sandoz in <a href="/wiki/Schweizerhalle" class="mw-redirect" title="Schweizerhalle">Schweizerhalle</a>. The thick smoke, the stench and the unknown composition of the combustion gases caused the authorities in the neighboring communities to alert the population early in the morning with a general siren alarm and a curfew of several hours was imposed. No people suffered acute harm, with the exception of three people with pre-existing asthma who required hospitalization. However, the toxins found their way into the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> via the extinguishing water, where they caused a large number of fish to die off.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 11, 1986, the analysis of water samples proved that at the same time as the Rhine was being polluted by the contaminated extinguishing water from the Sandoz area, 400 kg of <a href="/wiki/Atrazine" title="Atrazine">atrazine</a>, a herbicide, had been discharged into the Rhine from the neighboring chemical company Ciba-Geigy.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The official investigation report came to the conclusion (only "<i>on the basis of theoretical considerations</i>") that when pallets were packed with Prussian blue, incorrect handling of a hot air blower led to a hot spot, which could be the cause. Subsequent trials, however, resulted in no conviction. The plant now belongs to <a href="/wiki/Clariant" title="Clariant">Clariant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To this day, the landfill left after the fire continues to pollute the groundwater in Muttenz and is actively monitored by Novartis, as the legal successor to Sandoz, and the environmental authorities of the Canton of Basel-Landschaft.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To commemorate the spill, there is a plastic market table by Bettina Eichin in the cloister of <a href="/wiki/Basel_Minster" title="Basel Minster">Basel Munster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandoz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ernst Brandl: <i>Zur Entdeckungsgeschichte des Penicillin V in Kundl (Tirol).</i> In: <i>Veröffentlichungen des Tiroler Landesmuseums Ferdinandeum.</i> Band 71, Innsbruck 1991, S. 5–16 (Geschichte der Bio Chemie in Kundl, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/VeroeffFerd_71_0005-0016.pdf">zobodat.at</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandoz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland">Pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandoz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-annual-report2023-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-annual-report2023_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-annual-report2023_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-annual-report2023_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandoz.com/sandoz-reports-fourth-quarter-2023-sales-and-full-year-2023-results/">"Sandoz reports fourth quarter 2023 sales and full-year 2023 results"</a>. <i>Sandoz</i>. March 13, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313134024/https://www.sandoz.com/sandoz-reports-fourth-quarter-2023-sales-and-full-year-2023-results/">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sandoz&rft.atitle=Sandoz+reports+fourth+quarter+2023+sales+and+full-year+2023+results&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandoz.com%2Fsandoz-reports-fourth-quarter-2023-sales-and-full-year-2023-results%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-integrated-annual-report2023-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-integrated-annual-report2023_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-integrated-annual-report2023_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-integrated-annual-report2023_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-integrated-annual-report2023_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-integrated-annual-report2023_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prod.cms.sandoz.com/sites/spare53_sandoz_com/files/Media%20Documents/2023-Integrated-Annual-Report.pdf">"2023 Integrated Annual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Sandoz</i>. March 13, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313135215/https://prod.cms.sandoz.com/sites/spare53_sandoz_com/files/Media%20Documents/2023-Integrated-Annual-Report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sandoz&rft.atitle=2023+Integrated+Annual+Report&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprod.cms.sandoz.com%2Fsites%2Fspare53_sandoz_com%2Ffiles%2FMedia%2520Documents%2F2023-Integrated-Annual-Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-annual-report-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-annual-report_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705072804/https://www.sandoz.com/news/media-releases/novartis-continues-grow-further-core-margin-expansion-and-achieves-important-innovation-milestones">"Novartis continues to grow with further core margin expansion and achieves important innovation milestones"</a>. <i>Sandoz</i>. February 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandoz.com/news/media-releases/novartis-continues-grow-further-core-margin-expansion-and-achieves-important-innovation-milestones">the original</a> on July 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sandoz&rft.atitle=Novartis+continues+to+grow+with+further+core+margin+expansion+and+achieves+important+innovation+milestones&rft.date=2023-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandoz.com%2Fnews%2Fmedia-releases%2Fnovartis-continues-grow-further-core-margin-expansion-and-achieves-important-innovation-milestones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandoz.com/contact">"Contact Sandoz"</a>. <i>www.sandoz.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128141644/https://www.sandoz.com/contact/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-11-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sandoz.com&rft.atitle=Contact+Sandoz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandoz.com%2Fcontact&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Live._Magazine-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Live._Magazine_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Live._Magazine_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://live.novartis.com/article/sandoz-through-the-years">"Live. Magazine"</a>. <i>live.novartis.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004174406/https://live.novartis.com/article/sandoz-through-the-years">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=live.novartis.com&rft.atitle=Live.+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flive.novartis.com%2Farticle%2Fsandoz-through-the-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrover2023" class="citation news cs1">Grover, Natalie (2023-06-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/novartis-sandoz-generate-additional-3-bln-net-sales-over-next-five-years-2023-06-08/">"Novartis' Sandoz wagers its standalone future on biosimilar success"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705072350/https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/novartis-sandoz-generate-additional-3-bln-net-sales-over-next-five-years-2023-06-08/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Novartis%27+Sandoz+wagers+its+standalone+future+on+biosimilar+success&rft.date=2023-06-08&rft.aulast=Grover&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fhealthcare-pharmaceuticals%2Fnovartis-sandoz-generate-additional-3-bln-net-sales-over-next-five-years-2023-06-08%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandoz1938" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sandoz, Chemische Fabrik Vormals (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PHJ0zQEACAAJ"><i>Viscowalkfarbstoffe</i></a> (in German). Sandoz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004050617/https://books.google.com/books?id=PHJ0zQEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PMLive&rft.atitle=This+month+in+1996%3A+Ciba-Geigy+and+Sandoz+merge&rft.date=2014-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmlive.com%2Fpharma_news%2Fthis_month_in_1996_ciba-geigy_and_sandoz_merge_553502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lek.si/en/media-room/press-releases/257/novartis-successfully-completes-friendly-public-offer-for-lek-with-more-than-99-of-shares-tendered/">"Novartis successfully completes friendly public offer for Lek, with more than 99% of shares tendered"</a>. <i>www.lek.si</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705123520/https://lek.si/en/media-room/press-releases/257/novartis-successfully-completes-friendly-public-offer-for-lek-with-more-than-99-of-shares-tendered/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lek.si&rft.atitle=Novartis+successfully+completes+friendly+public+offer+for+Lek%2C+with+more+than+99%25+of+shares+tendered&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lek.si%2Fen%2Fmedia-room%2Fpress-releases%2F257%2Fnovartis-successfully-completes-friendly-public-offer-for-lek-with-more-than-99-of-shares-tendered%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-neuelz130614-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-neuelz130614_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zugerzeitung.ch/nachrichten/zentralschweiz/zug/Novartis-buendelt-Geschaeftseinheiten-in-Rotkreuz;art93,268968"><i>Novartis bündelt Geschäftseinheiten in Rotkreuz.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409113122/https://www.zugerzeitung.ch/nachrichten/zentralschweiz/zug/Novartis-buendelt-Geschaeftseinheiten-in-Rotkreuz;art93,268968">Archived</a> 2023-04-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Zuger_Zeitung" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuger Zeitung">Zuger Zeitung</a>, 14 June 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021426s000TOC.cfm">"Drug Approval Package: Omnitrope (Somatropia [rDNA origin]) NDA #021426"</a>. <i>www.accessdata.fda.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705123516/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2006/021426s000TOC.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Medicines+Agency&rft.atitle=Binocrit&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft.au=EMA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ema.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fmedicines%2Fhuman%2FEPAR%2Fbinocrit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myscience.ch/en/news/wire/sandoz_acquire_oriel_therapeutics_gaining_rights_portfolio_respiratory_products_targeting_asthma-novartis">"Sandoz to acquire Oriel Therapeutics, gaining rights to portfolio of respiratory products targeting asthma and COPD"</a>. <i>www.myscience.ch</i> (in Italian). 2010-04-19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705123517/https://www.myscience.ch/en/news/wire/sandoz_acquire_oriel_therapeutics_gaining_rights_portfolio_respiratory_products_targeting_asthma-novartis">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.myscience.ch&rft.atitle=Sandoz+to+acquire+Oriel+Therapeutics%2C+gaining+rights+to+portfolio+of+respiratory+products+targeting+asthma+and+COPD&rft.date=2010-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myscience.ch%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fwire%2Fsandoz_acquire_oriel_therapeutics_gaining_rights_portfolio_respiratory_products_targeting_asthma-novartis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pharmaceuticalonline.com/doc/sandoz-completes-acquisition-of-ebewe-pharma-0001">"Sandoz Completes Acquisition Of EBEWE Pharma"</a>. <i>www.pharmaceuticalonline.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705123516/https://www.pharmaceuticalonline.com/doc/sandoz-completes-acquisition-of-ebewe-pharma-0001">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pharmaceuticalonline.com&rft.atitle=Sandoz+Completes+Acquisition+Of+EBEWE+Pharma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pharmaceuticalonline.com%2Fdoc%2Fsandoz-completes-acquisition-of-ebewe-pharma-0001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandoz" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Sandoz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sandoz-completes-acquisition-of-fougera-pharmaceuticals-positioning-sandoz-as-1-in-generic-dermatology-globally-163374076.html">"Sandoz completes acquisition of Fougera Pharmaceuticals, positioning Sandoz as #1 in generic dermatology globally"</a>. <i>www.prnewswire.com</i> (Press release). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705123515/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sandoz-completes-acquisition-of-fougera-pharmaceuticals-positioning-sandoz-as-1-in-generic-dermatology-globally-163374076.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sandoz+completes+acquisition+of+Fougera+Pharmaceuticals%2C+positioning+Sandoz+as+%231+in+generic+dermatology+globally&rft.au=Sandoz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fsandoz-completes-acquisition-of-fougera-pharmaceuticals-positioning-sandoz-as-1-in-generic-dermatology-globally-163374076.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandoz.com/news/media-releases/novartis-divest-sandoz-us-dermatology-business-and-generic-us-oral-solids-portfolio-aurobindo">"Novartis to divest the Sandoz US dermatology business and generic US oral solids portfolio to Aurobindo"</a>. <i>Sandoz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705123516/https://www.sandoz.com/news/media-releases/novartis-divest-sandoz-us-dermatology-business-and-generic-us-oral-solids-portfolio-aurobindo">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sandoz&rft.atitle=Novartis+to+divest+the+Sandoz+US+dermatology+business+and+generic+US+oral+solids+portfolio+to+Aurobindo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandoz.com%2Fnews%2Fmedia-releases%2Fnovartis-divest-sandoz-us-dermatology-business-and-generic-us-oral-solids-portfolio-aurobindo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-sandoz-idUSKCN1QV0LR">"Novartis generics boss quits amid conjecture over business's future"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 2019-03-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705080100/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-sandoz-idUSKCN1QV0LR">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BioSpace&rft.atitle=Novartis+Poaches+GSK+Veteran+as+New+Sandoz+CEO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biospace.com%2Farticle%2Fnovartis-poaches-gsk-veteran-as-new-sandoz-ceo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeystone-SDA/jdp2022" class="citation web cs1">Keystone-SDA/jdp (2022-08-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/novartis-plans-to-spin-off-generics-division-sandoz/47851706">"Novartis plans to spin off generics division Sandoz"</a>. <i>SWI swissinfo.ch</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705123516/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/novartis-plans-to-spin-off-generics-division-sandoz/47851706">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SWI+swissinfo.ch&rft.atitle=Novartis+plans+to+spin+off+generics+division+Sandoz&rft.date=2022-08-25&rft.au=Keystone-SDA%2Fjdp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Fbusiness%2Fnovartis-plans-to-spin-off-generics-division-sandoz%2F47851706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/183184/sandoz-to-move-headquarters-to-basel-switzerland/">"Sandoz to move headquarters to Basel, Switzerland"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705080106/https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/183184/sandoz-to-move-headquarters-to-basel-switzerland/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sandoz+to+move+headquarters+to+Basel%2C+Switzerland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com%2Fnews%2F183184%2Fsandoz-to-move-headquarters-to-basel-switzerland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/sandoz-launches-rival-version-abbvies-arthritis-drug-humira-2023-07-01/">"Sandoz launches rival version of AbbVie's arthritis drug Humira"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 2023-07-01. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705123515/https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/sandoz-launches-rival-version-abbvies-arthritis-drug-humira-2023-07-01/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Sandoz+launches+rival+version+of+AbbVie%27s+arthritis+drug+Humira&rft.date=2023-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fhealthcare-pharmaceuticals%2Fsandoz-launches-rival-version-abbvies-arthritis-drug-humira-2023-07-01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurger2023" class="citation news cs1">Burger, Ludwig (15 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/novartis-shareholders-vote-favour-sandoz-spin-off-2023-09-15/">"Novartis shareholders vote in favour of Sandoz spin-off"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230926085615/https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/novartis-shareholders-vote-favour-sandoz-spin-off-2023-09-15/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Novartis+shareholders+vote+in+favour+of+Sandoz+spin-off&rft.date=2023-09-15&rft.aulast=Burger&rft.aufirst=Ludwig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fhealthcare-pharmaceuticals%2Fnovartis-shareholders-vote-favour-sandoz-spin-off-2023-09-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ft-spinoff-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ft-spinoff_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ft-spinoff_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuchler2023" class="citation news cs1">Kuchler, Hannah (2023-08-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/85a15324-2569-4ff3-97c5-8e6d528eb0d1">"Novartis plans to spin off Sandoz in October"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004050617/https://www.ft.com/content/85a15324-2569-4ff3-97c5-8e6d528eb0d1">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Novartis+plans+to+spin+off+Sandoz+in+October&rft.date=2023-08-18&rft.aulast=Kuchler&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F85a15324-2569-4ff3-97c5-8e6d528eb0d1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/novartis-sandoz-listing/sandoz-to-initially-join-swiss-mid-cap-index-after-listing-six-exchange-idUKL8N3AQ0VL">"Sandoz to initially join Swiss mid-cap index after listing - SIX exchange"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 2023-09-13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004050617/https://www.reuters.com/article/novartis-sandoz-listing/sandoz-to-initially-join-swiss-mid-cap-index-after-listing-six-exchange-idUKL8N3AQ0VL">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Sandoz+to+initially+join+Swiss+mid-cap+index+after+listing+-+SIX+exchange&rft.date=2023-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fnovartis-sandoz-listing%2Fsandoz-to-initially-join-swiss-mid-cap-index-after-listing-six-exchange-idUKL8N3AQ0VL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeyetIllien2023" class="citation web cs1">Veyet, Tristan; Illien, Noele (2023-10-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/novartis-completes-sandoz-spinoff-2023-10-04/">"Novartis completes Sandoz spinoff"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004123809/https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/novartis-completes-sandoz-spinoff-2023-10-04/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Novartis+completes+Sandoz+spinoff&rft.date=2023-10-04&rft.aulast=Veyet&rft.aufirst=Tristan&rft.au=Illien%2C+Noele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fhealthcare-pharmaceuticals%2Fnovartis-completes-sandoz-spinoff-2023-10-04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/sandoz-buy-eye-drug-cimerli-170-million-deal-2024-01-22/">"Sandoz to buy eye drug Cimerli in $170 million deal"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 22 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+Finance&rft.atitle=Sandoz+acquires+CIMERLI%C2%AE+business+from+Coherus%2C+further+building+biosimilar+and+ophthalmology+leadership+in+US+market&rft.date=2024-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fsandoz-acquires-cimerli-business-coherus-060000004.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandoz.com/sandoz-us-subsidiaries-resolve-generic-drug-antitrust-class-action-litigation-direct-purchaser/">"Sandoz US subsidiaries resolve generic drug antitrust class action litigation with direct purchaser class plaintiffs"</a>. <i>www.sandoz.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240229085709/https://www.sandoz.com/sandoz-us-subsidiaries-resolve-generic-drug-antitrust-class-action-litigation-direct-purchaser/">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-02-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sandoz.com&rft.atitle=Sandoz+US+subsidiaries+resolve+generic+drug+antitrust+class+action+litigation+with+direct+purchaser+class+plaintiffs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandoz.com%2Fsandoz-us-subsidiaries-resolve-generic-drug-antitrust-class-action-litigation-direct-purchaser%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._O._L._Staff2024" class="citation web cs1">A. O. L. Staff (2024-04-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aol.com/sandoz-settles-patent-dispute-amgen-175459794.html">"Sandoz Settles Patent Dispute With Amgen Related To Bone Disorder Drug Denosumab"</a>. <i>www.aol.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Environment+%26+Society+Portal&rft.atitle=Sandoz+Chemical+Disaster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environmentandsociety.org%2Ftools%2Fkeywords%2Fsandoz-chemical-disaster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter Reinhard: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flussgebiete.hessen.de/fileadmin/dokumente/4_oeffentlichkeitsbeteiligung/111123reinhard.pdf">25 Jahre SANDOZ-Katastrophe am Rhein – Auswirkungen auf den Gewässerschutz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230605231034/https://flussgebiete.hessen.de/fileadmin/dokumente/4_oeffentlichkeitsbeteiligung/111123reinhard.pdf">Archived</a> 2023-06-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 23 November 2011, retrieved 31 October 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13521501.html">"Wir sollten aufwachen und überlegen"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i>, 17 November 1986, no. 47, 1986, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181210154602/http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13521501.html">archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Wir+sollten+aufwachen+und+%C3%BCberlegen&rft.issue=47&rft.date=1986&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fspiegel%2Fprint%2Fd-13521501.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFagencies2016" class="citation web cs1">agencies, swissinfo ch and (2016-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/sci-tech/schweizerhalle-fire_chemical-disaster-still-burns-in-swiss-memory/42559954">"Chemical disaster still burns in Swiss memory"</a>. <i>SWI swissinfo.ch</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705081843/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/sci-tech/schweizerhalle-fire_chemical-disaster-still-burns-in-swiss-memory/42559954">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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ISBN 978-3-0340-1007-8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prezi.com/p/kr1flxnfh9zf/sandoz-chemical-spill/">"Sandoz Chemical Spill"</a>. <i>prezi.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705081842/https://prezi.com/p/kr1flxnfh9zf/sandoz-chemical-spill/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prezi.com&rft.atitle=Sandoz+Chemical+Spill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprezi.com%2Fp%2Fkr1flxnfh9zf%2Fsandoz-chemical-spill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onlinereports.ch/Kultur.111+M5245e650d3a.0.html">"Münster-Kreuzgang soll endgültige Heimat der Eichin-Tische werden"</a>. <i>www.onlinereports.ch</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705081842/https://www.onlinereports.ch/Kultur.111+M5245e650d3a.0.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.onlinereports.ch&rft.atitle=M%C3%BCnster-Kreuzgang+soll+endg%C3%BCltige+Heimat+der+Eichin-Tische+werden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onlinereports.ch%2FKultur.111%2BM5245e650d3a.0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASandoz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandoz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pharmaceutical_companies_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Pharmaceutical companies of Switzerland">Pharmaceutical companies of Switzerland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actelion" title="Actelion">Actelion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcon" title="Alcon">Alcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Boots" title="Alliance Boots">Alliance Boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilea_Pharmaceutica" title="Basilea Pharmaceutica">Basilea Pharmaceutica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilag" title="Cilag">Cilag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debiopharm" title="Debiopharm">Debiopharm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenjal" title="Fenjal">Fenjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferring_Pharmaceuticals" title="Ferring Pharmaceuticals">Ferring Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galderma" title="Galderma">Galderma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Valley" title="Health Valley">Health Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonza_Group" title="Lonza Group">Lonza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Partners" title="Molecular Partners">Molecular Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Novartis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nycomed" title="Nycomed">Nycomed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octapharma" title="Octapharma">Octapharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_Therapeutics" title="Relief Therapeutics">Relief Therapeutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roche" title="Roche">Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straumann" title="Straumann">Straumann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/29px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/21px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/42px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Switzerland&#124;link=Switzerland_SMI_MID_(SMIM)_companies_of_Switzerland165" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SMI_MID_companies" title="Template:SMI MID companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SMI_MID_companies" title="Template talk:SMI MID companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SMI_MID_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SMI MID companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Switzerland&#124;link=Switzerland_SMI_MID_(SMIM)_companies_of_Switzerland165" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/SMI_MID" title="SMI MID">SMI MID</a> (SMIM) companies of Switzerland</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adecco" title="Adecco">Adecco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ams_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Ams AG">ams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avolta" title="Avolta">Avolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A2loise" title="Bâloise">Bâloise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Callebaut" title="Barry Callebaut">Barry Callebaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BELIMO_Holding_AG" title="BELIMO Holding AG">Belimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BKW_Energie" title="BKW Energie">BKW Energie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clariant" title="Clariant">Clariant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ems-Chemie" title="Ems-Chemie">Ems-Chemie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flughafen_Z%C3%BCrich_AG" title="Flughafen Zürich AG">Flughafen Zürich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galenica" title="Galenica">Galenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Fischer_(Swiss_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Fischer (Swiss company)">Georg Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Baer_Group" title="Julius Baer Group">Julius Bär</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetia_Insurance" title="Helvetia Insurance">Helvetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindt_%26_Spr%C3%BCngli" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindt & Sprüngli">Lindt & Sprüngli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer_Burger" title="Meyer Burger">Meyer Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSP_Swiss_Property" title="PSP Swiss Property">PSP Swiss Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roche" title="Roche">Roche</a> (bearer shares)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sandoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schindler_Group" title="Schindler Group">Schindler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIG_Combibloc_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="SIG Combibloc Group">SIG Combibloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_Surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Société Générale de Surveillance">SGS AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straumann" title="Straumann">Straumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swatch_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Swatch Group">Swatch Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Prime_Site" title="Swiss Prime Site">Swiss Prime Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecan" title="Tecan">Tecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temenos_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Temenos Group">Temenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAT_Group" title="VAT Group">VAT Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528468#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2136" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528468#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528468#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406215635">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124882329">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1086504364">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81043320">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12123922j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12123922j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sandoz AG"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003198511&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Novartis (firma)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003198510&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX97740">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90262924">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007286012405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00700396?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/819941">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030721032">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/041895">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528468#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2136" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528468#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528468#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406215635">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124882329">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1086504364">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81043320">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12123922j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12123922j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sandoz AG"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003198511&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Novartis (firma)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003198510&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX97740">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90262924">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007286012405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00700396?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/819941">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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