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{"work":{"id":122101372,"created_at":"2024-07-16T09:18:12.000-07:00","from_world_paper_id":257315370,"updated_at":"2025-01-12T12:51:37.756-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"The MIT Press","ai_abstract":"Duchamp Meets Turing explores the evolution from modernism to posthumanism in the artistic realm, linking the concepts articulated by theorists like Katherine Hayles and Clement Greenberg. By analyzing Duchamp's readymades and their implications in defining posthuman subjectivity, this research suggests that digitalization processes signal a transformation in how art and archives are conceived, moving towards a dynamic understanding of memory and future possibilities in art.","publication_date":"2018,10,1","publication_name":"Leonardo"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Duchamp Meets Turing: Art, Modernism, Posthuman","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [319184]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":116833036,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Duchamp Meets Turing: Art, Modernism, Posthuman”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/116833036/mini_magick20240801-1-l2n1p7.png?1722539220" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Duchamp Meets Turing: Art, Modernism, Posthuman</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="319184" href="https://naba.academia.edu/GabrielaGalati"><img alt="Profile image of Gabriela Galati" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/319184/79261/160347819/s65_gabriela.galati.jpeg" />Gabriela Galati</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018, Leonardo</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">459 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 122101372; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=122101372"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Duchamp Meets Turing explores the evolution from modernism to posthumanism in the artistic realm, linking the concepts articulated by theorists like Katherine Hayles and Clement Greenberg. By analyzing Duchamp's readymades and their implications in defining posthuman subjectivity, this research suggests that digitalization processes signal a transformation in how art and archives are conceived, moving towards a dynamic understanding of memory and future possibilities in art.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":116833036,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/122101372/Duchamp_Meets_Turing_Art_Modernism_Posthuman"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":116833036,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/122101372/Duchamp_Meets_Turing_Art_Modernism_Posthuman"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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It emphasises one particular period in art history. The period spanning from the late twentieth century to the early twenty first century is an era bent on the domination of the media and the promiscuity of technologies. It is an era that provokes the onset of posthumanism, where the distinctions that once held humanity in place have become dated; because it is no longer clear who makes and who is made in the relationship between human beings and machines. In this way, it is no longer necessary to write science-fiction since we are currently living it. Our time is a posthuman era where the body has become vestigial and obsolete; expendable under the confines of the global village, which has imploded under the weight of its own progress. Posthuman art comments on this paradigm shift, where man submits to the vestiges of hyperreality and a dependence on the media.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE INFLUENCE OF POSTHUMANISM ON POSTMODERN ART","attachmentId":65020484,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44565930/THE_INFLUENCE_OF_POSTHUMANISM_ON_POSTMODERN_ART","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44565930/THE_INFLUENCE_OF_POSTHUMANISM_ON_POSTMODERN_ART"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="93545180" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93545180/Art_Has_Always_Been_the_Product_of_a_Philosophizing_Cyborg_Looking_Inside_Philosophy_of_Posthuman_Art_by_Stefan_Lorenz_Sorgner">Art Has Always Been the Product of a Philosophizing Cyborg. Looking Inside "Philosophy of Posthuman Art" by Stefan Lorenz Sorgner</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="230511" href="https://aegean.academia.edu/EviSampanikou">Evi Sampanikou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The article is an extended review of the recent Stefan Lorenz Sorgner's book Philosophy of Posthuman Art (2022) that explores the content and the aesthetic values introduced by the author as well as his shift to Critical Posthumanism, while he also keeps the philosophical essence of his own approach to Transhumanism, the main ideas of his contribution to Metahumanism and the desire of convergence of Trans-and Posthumanism. Sorgner's insight to contemporary art surpasses the boundaries usually set by art historians and underlines the artists' worldview and the philosophical meaning of their works in the context of the several trends of Posthumanism including social and cultural views and politics. Visual arts and music are studied in parallel with the evolution of posthumanist theories and arguments, while the issues of non-dualities, technology, religion, truth, ethics, reason, leisure, the western philosophies of the past and moreover "the need to coin new terms" are the crucial points of Sorgner's discussion with the readers. The book is more than valuable for its commitment to the notion of the philosophical meaning of contemporary artworks as well as for its opening to a new understanding of Posthumanism.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Art Has Always Been the Product of a Philosophizing Cyborg. Looking Inside \"Philosophy of Posthuman Art\" by Stefan Lorenz Sorgner","attachmentId":96254476,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93545180/Art_Has_Always_Been_the_Product_of_a_Philosophizing_Cyborg_Looking_Inside_Philosophy_of_Posthuman_Art_by_Stefan_Lorenz_Sorgner","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93545180/Art_Has_Always_Been_the_Product_of_a_Philosophizing_Cyborg_Looking_Inside_Philosophy_of_Posthuman_Art_by_Stefan_Lorenz_Sorgner"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="37948339" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37948339/Postmodernism_and_the_Limits_of_Art_pdf">Postmodernism and the Limits of Art .pdf</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25666302" href="https://ria.academia.edu/PaulCrowther">Paul Crowther</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This is a renamed version of Chapter 1 of my book Geneses of Postmodern Art: Technology As Iconology, published by Routledge in their Advances in Art and Visual Studies series, 2019. In the book, the chapter is entitled ‘Contingent Objects, Permanent Eclecticism’. If you wish to cite this discussion please refer to the version as presented in the book . This discussion describes how Postmodernism takes art to its logical limits. The origins of this are found in the delayed influence of Duchamp's legacy of the 'found object'. In Part 1, we discuss the emergence of minimalism, conceptual, and performance art. In Part 2, it is shown how the legacy of the found object is made into the positive basis for artistic creation in the form of Pop Art and other tendencies that affirm the worth of mass culture. It is argued further, that effect of all the tendencies described is to exhaust the possibility of further radical innovations in art. Part 3 explores some key aspects of the permanent Postmodern eclecticism that is consequent upon this.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Postmodernism and the Limits of Art .pdf","attachmentId":57962392,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37948339/Postmodernism_and_the_Limits_of_Art_pdf","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37948339/Postmodernism_and_the_Limits_of_Art_pdf"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="124905925" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124905925/Nikoleta_Zampaki_and_Peggy_Karpouzou_Toward_Posthuman_Aesthetics_The_Flesh_of_the_World_in_Auguste_Rodin_s_Le_Penseur_and_The_Thinking_Robot_In_Mimetic_Posthumanism_Homo_Mimeticus_2_0_in_Art_Philosophy_and_Technics_edited_by_Nidesh_Lawtoo_Leiden_Brill_2024_pp_77_91">Nikoleta Zampaki and Peggy Karpouzou, "Toward Posthuman Aesthetics: The Flesh of the World in Auguste Rodin’s Le Penseur and The Thinking Robot" In Mimetic Posthumanism. Homo Mimeticus 2.0 in Art, Philosophy and Technics edited by Nidesh Lawtoo, Leiden: Brill, 2024, pp. 77-91.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8814262" href="https://en-uoa-gr.academia.edu/NikoletaZampaki">Nikoleta Zampaki</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7741775" href="https://uoa.academia.edu/PeggyKarpouzou">Peggy Karpouzou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2024</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nikoleta Zampaki and Peggy Karpouzou, \"Toward Posthuman Aesthetics: The Flesh of the World in Auguste Rodin’s Le Penseur and The Thinking Robot\" In Mimetic Posthumanism. Homo Mimeticus 2.0 in Art, Philosophy and Technics edited by Nidesh Lawtoo, Leiden: Brill, 2024, pp. 77-91.","attachmentId":119049959,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124905925/Nikoleta_Zampaki_and_Peggy_Karpouzou_Toward_Posthuman_Aesthetics_The_Flesh_of_the_World_in_Auguste_Rodin_s_Le_Penseur_and_The_Thinking_Robot_In_Mimetic_Posthumanism_Homo_Mimeticus_2_0_in_Art_Philosophy_and_Technics_edited_by_Nidesh_Lawtoo_Leiden_Brill_2024_pp_77_91","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124905925/Nikoleta_Zampaki_and_Peggy_Karpouzou_Toward_Posthuman_Aesthetics_The_Flesh_of_the_World_in_Auguste_Rodin_s_Le_Penseur_and_The_Thinking_Robot_In_Mimetic_Posthumanism_Homo_Mimeticus_2_0_in_Art_Philosophy_and_Technics_edited_by_Nidesh_Lawtoo_Leiden_Brill_2024_pp_77_91"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="23968776" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23968776/Posthumanism_and_Contemporary_Art">Posthumanism and Contemporary Art</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="240525" href="https://nyit.academia.edu/KevinLaGrandeur">Kevin LaGrandeur</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">[NOTE: This is an essay commissioned and published by the Cleveland Museum of Contemporary Art for its Spring, 2016 Art Exhibition, and can also be found at their website, here: http://www.mocacleveland.org/sites/default/files/files/lagrandeurpaperfinal.pdf] The idea of the posthuman--the transformation of humanity by its convergence with emerging technology--is a big new philosophical and scientific concept, and big new philosophical or scientific concepts often cause paradigm shifts in the way we think about our world, about ourselves, and about our relation to the universe. And that, in turn, changes art. Which changes us, because art reflects and anticipates our struggles to absorb and assimilate new ideas and how they relate to us.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Posthumanism and Contemporary Art","attachmentId":44358403,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23968776/Posthumanism_and_Contemporary_Art","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23968776/Posthumanism_and_Contemporary_Art"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="37963549" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37963549/In_the_Context_of_The_Work_of_Art_in_the_Age_of_Its_Technological_Reproducibility_Marcel_Duchamp_s_Work_L_H_O_O_Q">In the Context of The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility: Marcel Duchamp’s Work L.H.O.O.Q</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="86989502" href="https://bilgi.academia.edu/NefiseTa%C5%9F">Nefise Taş</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"In the Context of The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility: Marcel Duchamp’s Work L.H.O.O.Q","attachmentId":57978745,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37963549/In_the_Context_of_The_Work_of_Art_in_the_Age_of_Its_Technological_Reproducibility_Marcel_Duchamp_s_Work_L_H_O_O_Q","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37963549/In_the_Context_of_The_Work_of_Art_in_the_Age_of_Its_Technological_Reproducibility_Marcel_Duchamp_s_Work_L_H_O_O_Q"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="122919565" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122919565/The_Marcel_Duchamp_Case_in_against_or_after_Artificial_Creativity">The Marcel Duchamp Case in, against, or after Artificial Creativity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="672886" href="https://au.academia.edu/JanL%C3%B8hmannStephensen">Jan Løhmann Stephensen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">transcript Verlag eBooks, 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the introductory chapter entitled "Even an AI could do that" of the book Artificial Aesthetics: A Critical Guide to AI, Media and Design (2021-23), which is currently being published chapter-by-chapter on digital culture theorist Lev Manovich' homepage, Emanuele Arielli, Manovich's co-author, notes that while some sorts of art with more 'traditional' or 'classical' characteristics seem quite straightforward for an AI to reproduce, the oeuvre of Marcel Duchamp poses a set of perhaps unresolvable problems. In this paper, I will discuss how this argument on some levels makes good sense, whilst on other levels less so. In extension of this, I want to reflect on what the logic underlying Arielli's argument might tell us about how the 'project' of artificial creativity and artmaking is currently being perceived and pursued. Marcel Duchamp, the proto-post-conceptual contemporary artist? If artmaking performed by an autonomously working artificial intelligence has come to stand as 'the final frontier' of artificial creativity research (Colton & Wiggins 2012), the successful reproduction of Marcel Duchamp, given his status as arguably the most important artists of the 20 th Century, would be the pinnacle of such endeavours. But it actually would so for a number of other reasons than the ones Arielli suggests. As I will argue below, when I dive into the actual passage in "Even an AI could do that", Arielli extends his proposition concerning Duchamp to include contemporary art in general, thereby suggesting-quite reasonably, I would argue-that Duchamp should be considered some kind of proto-conceptual artist and hence also a precursor to contemporary art as so-called 'post-conceptual art'. This is for instance in accord with the perspective of Juliane Rebentisch, 1 who notes that contemporary art no longer seeks to conform to genres or traditions, and in this connection credits both the readymade and conceptual art for this 'turn', that has left (or enriched) us with an "unfathomable diversity of artworks" (2013: 1 All quotes from Rebentisch (2013) are my translation. 'Art' and 'creativity' as social categories-and their un-artificial Others Secondly, this perspective on the socio-historical character of making Duchamp into 'Duchamp' is much broader than just related to this particular artist, his oeuvre and his 'brand'. It is also applicable to the categories of art and creativity in general terms. Thus, I would argue, we should never speak of these phenomena as things that just are, in essentialist terms. ' Art-ness' or 'creativity' is a status that is conferred upon artefacts, practices or people-or for that sake: technologies-and in this way 'art' or 'creative' / 'creativity' are co-produced through social actions, which, to make matters even more complicated, are embedded in material, technological and ideological contexts. Hence, at least in principle, anything (or anyone) could become 'art',</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Marcel Duchamp Case in, against, or after Artificial Creativity","attachmentId":117479217,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122919565/The_Marcel_Duchamp_Case_in_against_or_after_Artificial_Creativity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122919565/The_Marcel_Duchamp_Case_in_against_or_after_Artificial_Creativity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="17575506" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17575506/Marcel_Duchamps_Language_Deconstructing_the_Meaning_of_the_Image">Marcel Duchamp's Language: Deconstructing the Meaning of the Image</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2651364" href="https://duke.academia.edu/MathildeSavardCorbeil">Mathilde Savard-Corbeil</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">As the ‘inventor’ of the readymade, Marcel Duchamp left an important legacy to twentieth century art. Considered by many critics as the father of post-modernity, certainly a bachelor and bastard father, not only did he successfully displace the question of the ontology of art, but he also questioned art and representation itself. This paper will examine a lesser-known aspect of his work, the ‘Boîtes-en-valise’, (boxes in a suitcase). This will allow me to analyze Duchamp’s impact on visual art, as well as his impact on language and systems of signification. According to Duchamp, the work of art must aspire to transcend the experience of the visible, thus positioning himself as ‘anti -retinal’. He values the idea, the intellectual experience of art, which is why the work that he creates does not exist by itself: works of art are not autonomous. They are manuals, real operating systems that are available to the public, who must use them to complete their interpretation. The text of these manuals will be examined here with the aim of understanding the impact of Duchamp’s language, which is mechanic, neutral and indifferent, but always ends up in an ironic word game. It is a language that also suggests anamorphosis, where the transformation of meaning breaks the relation to the reference. I suggest that this use of language can be thought of as a critique of the institution of art, because the work of art cannot operate without its accompanying commentary. However, it is not up to art history to establish this discourse anymore, for a democratization of the artistic experience is offered by our potential accessibility to this specific language. The ‘boîtes-en-valise’ contain these manuals, as well as all the handwritten notes, letters and sketches of every major work by Duchamp. ‘The White Box,’ for example, is entirely dedicated to the ‘Big Glass’. The last proposition that I will explore concerns the reproducibility of these boxes. Already criticizing authorship and authority, Duchamp uses the reproducibility of the text as a way to position language in the center of the experience of visual art. As such, language is inseparable from the intellectual experience; the work of art does not exist without a public, a public that understands it, that comments on it, that allows art to pursue its trajectory further than the retinal/visual. After all, as Duchamp said, it is the viewers that make the painting.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Marcel Duchamp's Language: Deconstructing the Meaning of the Image","attachmentId":39589979,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17575506/Marcel_Duchamps_Language_Deconstructing_the_Meaning_of_the_Image","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17575506/Marcel_Duchamps_Language_Deconstructing_the_Meaning_of_the_Image"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="74853673" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74853673/ART_and_POSTHUMAN_BEING_A_New_World_and_Its_Appearances_2022_">ART & POSTHUMAN BEING: A New World & Its Appearances (2022)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31074826" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WoodcockJohn">John C Woodcock</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">With the enormous chaotic changes taking place today, contemporary artists are showing us a vast and mystifying range of artworks that show glimpses of nascent worlds coming into being and just as quickly disappearing into oblivion. In Part One the author explores a world that seems to be gaining some traction-the world of the post-human. Contemporary art is showing glimpses of this still-forming world in artworks produced from a collision between, or interpenetration of virtual reality and empirical reality, giving rise to weird, horrific, and sometimes strangely beautiful forms. In Part Two the author seeks to penetrate "behind" this post-human art to the activity of the artist, in order to find the original "bringing forth" (Heidegger) of post-human artworks. This move reveals the fundamental place of revelation and prophecy as the origin of any artwork and thus indicates the essential nature of the post-human world.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ART \u0026 POSTHUMAN BEING: A New World \u0026 Its Appearances (2022)","attachmentId":82856791,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74853673/ART_and_POSTHUMAN_BEING_A_New_World_and_Its_Appearances_2022_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74853673/ART_and_POSTHUMAN_BEING_A_New_World_and_Its_Appearances_2022_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="77793651" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77793651/The_End_of_Art_and_Its_Wake">The End of Art and Its Wake</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6355451" href="https://puc-rio-br.academia.edu/CeciliaSamel">Cecília Samel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The International Journal of Arts Theory and History, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article is a discussion about how the conceptualization of art affected the idea of art, especially artworks following Duchamp's footsteps, aided by the concept of end of art evoked by several authors. An overview about the writings on the end of art through history will be made considering Hegel's, Adorno's, Greenberg's, and Danto's points of view on the matter. Following the first part of the article, Duchamp's contribution to contemporary art with his innovations and new ideas will be discussed. This contribution mostly consists of philosophically questioning Art's limits and, while doing so, transforming art into something of the mind rather than just its physical aspect. Duchamp influenced many artists who followed, and who were able to explore new territories and materials, no longer limited by rules of how art, as prescribed by Greenberg, "should be." This will help us understand the transition between modernism and contemporary art and its importance to how art is viewed today.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The End of Art and Its Wake","attachmentId":85062823,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77793651/The_End_of_Art_and_Its_Wake","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77793651/The_End_of_Art_and_Its_Wake"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":116833036,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":116833036,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_116833036" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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Art after Postmodern Art, in: Urška Jurman et al (eds.), Extending the Dialogue, essays by Igor Zabel Award laureates, grant recipients, and jury members, 2008-2014, Archive Books, Berlin, 2016, 269-285.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11790299" href="https://vsup.academia.edu/KarelCisar">Karel Císař</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Modernology. 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