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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Appearance and characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearance_and_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Temperament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Samoyed_hereditary_glomerulopathy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samoyed_hereditary_glomerulopathy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samoyed_hereditary_glomerulopathy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_health_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_health_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Other health concerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_health_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Samoyed dog</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojeed_(hond)" title="Samojeed (hond) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Samojeed (hond)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="كلب سامودي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلب سامودي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Самаедскі сабака – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Самаедскі сабака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Самаедзкі сабака – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Самаедзкі сабака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Самоед – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Самоед" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojed_(pas)" title="Samojed (pas) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Samojed (pas)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoiede_(gos)" title="Samoiede (gos) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Samoiede (gos)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojed" title="Samojed – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Samojed" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoied_(ci)" title="Samoied (ci) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Samoied (ci)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojede_(Hunderasse)" title="Samojede (Hunderasse) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Samojede (Hunderasse)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojeedi_koer" title="Samojeedi koer – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Samojeedi koer" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoyedo" title="Samoyedo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Samoyedo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojeda_hundo" title="Samojeda hundo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Samojeda hundo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_(%D8%B3%DA%AF)" title="ساموید (سگ) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساموید (سگ)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoy%C3%A8de_(chien)" title="Samoyède (chien) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Samoyède (chien)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%C3%B3ideach" title="Samóideach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Samóideach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%AA%A8%EC%98%88%EB%93%9C%EA%B2%AC" title="사모예드견 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사모예드견" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%A4" title="Սամոյեդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սամոյեդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojed" title="Samojed – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Samojed" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoyed" title="Samoyed – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Samoyed" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoyed" title="Samoyed – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Samoyed" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoiedo" title="Samoiedo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Samoiedo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93" title="סמויד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סמויד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojed%C5%B3_%C5%A1uo" title="Samojedų šuo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Samojedų šuo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szamoj%C3%A9d_(kutyafajta)" title="Szamojéd (kutyafajta) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szamojéd (kutyafajta)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5)" title="Самојед (куче) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Самојед (куче)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjing_Samoyed" title="Anjing Samoyed – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Anjing Samoyed" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojeed" title="Samojeed – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Samojeed" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A2%E3%82%A8%E3%83%89" title="サモエド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サモエド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojedhund" title="Samojedhund – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Samojedhund" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoi%C3%A8de_(can)" title="Samoiède (can) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Samoiède (can)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%AF" title="سیموئد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیموئد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojed_(rasa_psa)" title="Samojed (rasa psa) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samojed (rasa psa)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoieda" title="Samoieda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Samoieda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoed" title="Samoed – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Samoed" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Самоедская собака – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Самоедская собака" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoyed_dog" title="Samoyed dog – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Samoyed dog" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojed_(pes)" title="Samojed (pes) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Samojed (pes)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojed" title="Samojed – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Samojed" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojed_(pas)" title="Samojed (pas) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Samojed (pas)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojedinkoira" title="Samojedinkoira – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Samojedinkoira" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samojedhund" title="Samojedhund – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Samojedhund" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoyed_(k%C3%B6pek)" title="Samoyed (köpek) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Samoyed (köpek)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%97%D0%B4" title="Самоїд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Самоїд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoyed" title="Samoyed – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Samoyed" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%91%A9%E7%8B%97" title="西摩狗 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西摩狗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%91%A9%E8%80%B6%E7%8A%AC" title="薩摩耶犬 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="薩摩耶犬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39002#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dog breed</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dog breed</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#d3d3a4;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Samoyed</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Samojed00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Samojed00.jpg/220px-Samojed00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Samojed00.jpg/330px-Samojed00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Samojed00.jpg/440px-Samojed00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1954" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap">Other names</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Bjelkier<br />Samoiedskaya Sobaka</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Traits</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Males</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 51–56 cm (20–22 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Females</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 46–51 cm (18–20 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weight</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Males</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 20–30 kilograms (44–66 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Females</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 16–20 kilograms (35–44 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> White or Cream or White and Biscuit.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Kennel club standards</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">Fédération Cynologique Internationale</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/212g05-en.pdf">standard</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color: #d3d3a4;"><span class="vernacular">Dog</span> (<span class="trinominal"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic dog">domestic dog</a></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Samoyed</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SAM</span>-ə-yed</i></a> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɔɪ/: 'oi' in 'choice'">ɔɪ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">sə-<span style="font-size:90%">MOY</span>-ed</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">самое́дская соба́ка</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">samoyédskaya sobáka</i></span>, or <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">самое́д</span></span>, <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">samoyéd</i></span>) is a breed of medium-sized <a href="/wiki/Herding_dog" title="Herding dog">herding dogs</a> with thick, white, double-layer coats. They are <a href="/wiki/Spitz" title="Spitz">spitz-type</a> dogs which take their name from the <a href="/wiki/Samoyeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoyeds">Samoyedic peoples</a> of <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. Descending from the <a href="/wiki/Nenets_Herding_Laika" title="Nenets Herding Laika">Nenets Herding Laika</a>, they are domesticated animals that assist in herding, <a href="/wiki/Hunting_dog" title="Hunting dog">hunting</a>, protection and sled-pulling. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samoyed_MoMo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Samoyed_MoMo.jpg/220px-Samoyed_MoMo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Samoyed_MoMo.jpg/330px-Samoyed_MoMo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Samoyed_MoMo.jpg/440px-Samoyed_MoMo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1706" /></a><figcaption>A 2.5-year-old male Samoyed</figcaption></figure> <p>Samoyed dogs are most often white, and can have a brown tint to their double-layer coat which is naturally dirt-repellent. They are known to be used in expeditions in both <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a> regions and have a friendly and agreeable disposition. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lineage">Lineage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoyed_dog&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Lineage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samoyed_from_1915.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Samoyed_from_1915.JPG/220px-Samoyed_from_1915.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Samoyed_from_1915.JPG/330px-Samoyed_from_1915.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Samoyed_from_1915.JPG/440px-Samoyed_from_1915.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1708" data-file-height="1461" /></a><figcaption>Samoyed, circa 1915</figcaption></figure> <p>The progenitor of the Samoyeds was the <a href="/wiki/Nenets_Herding_Laika" title="Nenets Herding Laika">Nenets Herding Laika</a>, a reindeer herding spitz commonly used throughout northern Siberia, especially the <a href="/wiki/Nenets_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nenets people">Nenets</a> people who were pejoratively referred to as Samoyeds at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DNA evidence confirms that Samoyeds are a <a href="/wiki/Dog_breed#Basal_breeds" title="Dog breed">basal breed</a> that predates the emergence of the modern breeds in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A genomic study of two dog specimens that are nearly 100 years old and obtained from the <a href="/wiki/Nenets_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nenets people">Nenets people</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Yamal_Peninsula" title="Yamal Peninsula">Yamal Peninsula</a> found that these are related to two specimens dated 2,000 years old and 850 years old, which suggests continuity of the lineage in this region. The two 100 year old dogs were closely related with the Samoyed breed, which indicates that the ancient arctic lineage lives on in the modern Samoyed dog.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nansen_Johansen_depart_14_March_1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nansen_Johansen_depart_14_March_1895.jpg/220px-Nansen_Johansen_depart_14_March_1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nansen_Johansen_depart_14_March_1895.jpg/330px-Nansen_Johansen_depart_14_March_1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nansen_Johansen_depart_14_March_1895.jpg/440px-Nansen_Johansen_depart_14_March_1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3762" data-file-height="2608" /></a><figcaption>Nansen Johansen departing to the North Pole</figcaption></figure> <p>During preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Nansen%27s_Fram_expedition" title="Nansen's Fram expedition">Fram expedition</a> to the North Pole in 1893–1896, 33 dogs were purchased from the Nenets people. While 28 of these dogs would go to the North Pole, none of them survived. The remaining dogs, including pups born during the voyage, were left aboard the ship. In April 1893 the bitch had another litter, most of them white. According to Nansen's notes "...all the dogs were strong, tough and excellent at pulling sleds; they worked very well in hunting Polar bears [as well]." These dogs would become the original Samoyeds.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance_and_characteristics">Appearance and characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoyed_dog&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Appearance and characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samoyed_puppy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Samoyed_puppy.jpg/220px-Samoyed_puppy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Samoyed_puppy.jpg/330px-Samoyed_puppy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Samoyed_puppy.jpg/440px-Samoyed_puppy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Samoyed puppy</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">AKC</a> Standard requires 45–65 pounds (20–29 kg) and 21–23.5 inches (53–60 cm) at the shoulder for males, and 35–50 pounds (16–23 kg) and 19–21 inches (48–53 cm) for females.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/UK_Kennel_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Kennel Club">UK Kennel Club</a> Standard requires 51–56 centimetres (20–22 in) for males, and 46–51 centimetres (18–20 in) for females. </p><p>Samoyed ears are thick and covered with fur, triangular in shape, and erect. They are almost always white but have a light to dark brown tint (known as "biscuit") to a greater or lesser extent. The tint is usually on the ears but can be visible on the whole body. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samoyed_dog_two_year_old_female_dllu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Samoyed_dog_two_year_old_female_dllu.jpg/220px-Samoyed_dog_two_year_old_female_dllu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Samoyed_dog_two_year_old_female_dllu.jpg/330px-Samoyed_dog_two_year_old_female_dllu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Samoyed_dog_two_year_old_female_dllu.jpg/440px-Samoyed_dog_two_year_old_female_dllu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9089" data-file-height="6059" /></a><figcaption>A two year old adult female Samoyed. The breed is characterized by an alert and happy expression.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Samoyed tail is one of the breed's distinguishing features. Like the <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Malamute" title="Alaskan Malamute">Alaskan Malamute</a>, the tail is carried curled over the back; however, unlike the Alaskan Malamute, the Samoyed tail is held actually touching the back. It is not usually held in a tight curl, or held flag-like; it is usually carried lying over the back and to one side. In cold weather, Samoyeds may sleep with their tails over their noses to provide additional warmth. Almost all Samoyeds will allow their tails to fall when they are relaxed and at ease, as when being stroked or while eating, but will return their tails to a curl when more alert. </p><p>Samoyeds have a dense, <a href="/wiki/Double_coat" class="mw-redirect" title="Double coat">double layer coat</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Guard_hair" title="Guard hair">topcoat</a> contains long, coarse, and straight <a href="/wiki/Guard_hair" title="Guard hair">guard hairs</a>, which appear white but have a hint of silver coloring. This top layer keeps the <a href="/wiki/Down_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Down hair">undercoat</a> relatively clean and free of debris. The under layer, or undercoat, consists of a dense, soft, and short fur that keeps the dog warm. The undercoat typically sheds heavily once or twice a year, and this seasonal process is sometimes referred to as "blowing coat". This does not mean the Samoyed will shed only during that time however; fine hairs (versus the dense clumps shed during seasonal shedding) will be shed all year round, and have a tendency to stick to cloth and float in the air. The standard Samoyed may come in a mixture of biscuit and white coloring, although pure white and all biscuit dogs are common. Males typically have larger ruffs than females. While this breed is touted as "hypoallergenic", it does shed a fair amount and needs frequent grooming. While the breed may produce fewer allergens, care should be taken for severe allergies.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shed Samoyed fur is sometimes used as an alternative to wool in <a href="/wiki/Knitting" title="Knitting">knitting</a>, with a texture similar to <a href="/wiki/Angora_wool" title="Angora wool">angora</a>. The fur is sometimes also used for the creation of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_fly" title="Artificial fly">artificial flies</a> for <a href="/wiki/Fly_fishing" title="Fly fishing">fly fishing</a>. </p><p>Life expectancy for the breed is about 12–13 years.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temperament">Temperament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoyed_dog&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Temperament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samoyed-and-teddy-bear.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Samoyed-and-teddy-bear.jpg/220px-Samoyed-and-teddy-bear.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Samoyed-and-teddy-bear.jpg/330px-Samoyed-and-teddy-bear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Samoyed-and-teddy-bear.jpg/440px-Samoyed-and-teddy-bear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>A Samoyed resting with a <a href="/wiki/Teddy_bear" title="Teddy bear">teddy bear</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Samoyeds' friendly and affable disposition makes them poor guard dogs; an aggressive Samoyed is rare. The breed is characterized by an alert and happy expression which has earned the nicknames "Sammie smile" and "smiley dog".<sup id="cite_ref-AKC_STD_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKC_STD-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With their tendency to bark, however, they can be diligent watch dogs, barking whenever something approaches their territory. Samoyeds are excellent companions, especially for small children or even other dogs, and they remain playful into old age. According to the Samoyed Club of America, when Samoyeds become bored, they may become destructive or start to dig.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoyed_dog&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dido_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Dido_background.jpg/220px-Dido_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Dido_background.jpg/330px-Dido_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Dido_background.jpg/440px-Dido_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>An active Samoyed</figcaption></figure> <p>Samoyeds can compete in <a href="/wiki/Dog_agility" title="Dog agility">dog agility</a> trials, <a href="/wiki/Carting" title="Carting">carting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obedience_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Obedience training">obedience</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog_showmanship" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog showmanship">showmanship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flyball" title="Flyball">flyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tracking_(dog)" title="Tracking (dog)">tracking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mushing" title="Mushing">mushing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herding" title="Herding">herding</a> events. <a href="/wiki/Herding" title="Herding">Herding</a> instincts and trainability can be measured at non-competitive herding tests. Samoyeds exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in herding trials.<sup id="cite_ref-Hartnagle-Taylor_and_Ty_Taylor_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartnagle-Taylor_and_Ty_Taylor-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoyed_dog&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 13.1 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for <a href="/wiki/Mongrel" title="Mongrel">crossbreeds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samoyed_hereditary_glomerulopathy">Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoyed_dog&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Samoyed_hereditary_glomerulopathy" title="Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy">Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy</a></div> <p>The breed can be affected by a genetic disease known as Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy, a <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidney</a> disease. The disease is known to be caused by an <a href="/wiki/X-linked" class="mw-redirect" title="X-linked">X-linked</a> recessive faulty <a href="/wiki/Allele" title="Allele">allele</a> and therefore the disease is more severe in male Samoyeds.<sup id="cite_ref-Jansen_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jansen-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also known as hereditary <a href="/wiki/Nephritis" title="Nephritis">nephritis</a>, it is caused by a <a href="/wiki/Nonsense_mutation" title="Nonsense mutation">nonsense mutation</a> in codon 1027 of the COL4A5 gene on the <a href="/wiki/X_chromosome" title="X chromosome">X chromosome</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glycine" title="Glycine">glycine</a> to <a href="/wiki/Stop_codon" title="Stop codon">stop codon</a>), which is similar to <a href="/wiki/Alport%27s_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Alport's syndrome">Alport's syndrome</a> in humans. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Little_Lucy_Samoyed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Little_Lucy_Samoyed.jpg/220px-Little_Lucy_Samoyed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Little_Lucy_Samoyed.jpg/330px-Little_Lucy_Samoyed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Little_Lucy_Samoyed.jpg/440px-Little_Lucy_Samoyed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>A senior female Samoyed</figcaption></figure> <p>Carrier females do develop mild symptoms after 2–3 months of age, but mostly<sup id="cite_ref-Rawdon_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rawdon-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> do not go on to develop <a href="/wiki/Kidney_failure" title="Kidney failure">kidney failure</a>. The disease is caused by a defect in the structure of the <a href="/wiki/Type-IV_collagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Type-IV collagen">type-IV collagen</a> fibrils of the <a href="/wiki/Glomerular_basement_membrane" title="Glomerular basement membrane">glomerular basement membrane</a>. As a consequence, the collagen fibrils of the glomerular basement membrane are unable to form cross-links, so the structural integrity is weakened and the membrane is more susceptible to "wear-and-tear" damage. As the structure of the basement membrane begins to degenerate, <a href="/wiki/Plasma_proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma proteins">plasma proteins</a> are lost in the urine and symptoms begin to appear. Affected males appear healthy for the first three months of life, but then symptoms start to appear and worsen as the disease progresses: the dog becomes lethargic and muscle wastage occurs, as a result of <a href="/wiki/Proteinuria" title="Proteinuria">proteinuria</a>. From three months of age onwards, a reduced <a href="/wiki/Glomerular_filtration_rate" title="Glomerular filtration rate">glomerular filtration rate</a> is detected, indicative of progressive kidney failure. </p><p>Clinically, <a href="/wiki/Proteinuria" title="Proteinuria">proteinuria</a> is found in both sexes from the age of three to four months; in dogs older than this, kidney failure in combination with more or less pronounced hearing loss occurs swiftly and death at the age of 8 to 15 months is expected. In <a href="/wiki/Heterozygous" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterozygous">heterozygous</a> females, the disease develops slowly. The disease can be treated to slow down the development by use of <a href="/wiki/Cyclosporine_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclosporine A">cyclosporine A</a> and <a href="/wiki/ACE_inhibitor" title="ACE inhibitor">ACE inhibitors</a>, but not stopped.<sup id="cite_ref-Jansen_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jansen-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If a carrier female is mated with a healthy <a href="/wiki/Stud_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Stud dog">stud dog</a>, the female offspring have a 50% chance of being carriers for the disease, and any male offspring have a 50% chance of being affected by the disease. A genetic test is available for this disease.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_health_concerns">Other health concerns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoyed_dog&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other health concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the Samoyeds several breed-specific hereditary diseases are described in the veterinary literature: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diabetes_in_dogs" title="Diabetes in dogs">Diabetes mellitus</a> similar but not identical to <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus type 1">human Type I</a> (insulin deficiency): The disease occurs in middle-aged Samoyeds, the mean age at diagnosis is seven years. The cause is a chronic inflammation of the <a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoimmune">autoimmune</a> destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Beta_cell" title="Beta cell">beta cells</a> of <a href="/wiki/Islets_of_Langerhans" class="mw-redirect" title="Islets of Langerhans">islets of Langerhans</a>. Moreover, <a href="/wiki/Autoantibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoantibodies">autoantibodies</a> to insulin were found in affected dogs. Several genetic markers are being discussed as possible causes.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_retinal_atrophy" title="Progressive retinal atrophy">Progressive retinal atrophy</a> (PRA) caused by a <a href="/wiki/Frameshift_mutation" title="Frameshift mutation">frameshift mutation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/RPRG" class="mw-redirect" title="RPRG">RPRG</a> locus of the X chromosome. The disease leads to a slowly progressive loss of vision, which eventually leads to blindness. The first symptoms appear between two and five years of age. The disease corresponds to the X-linked PRA type 3 in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Short legs in conjunction with eye abnormalities: a genetic defect at the COL2A1 locus leads to disproportionate dwarfism due to short limbs in connection with cataracts, malformations of the retina and / or retinal detachment, liquefaction of the vitreous and a persistent <a href="/wiki/Hyaloid_artery" title="Hyaloid artery">hyaloid artery</a>. The malformations of the retina are dominant (i.e. they occur in heterozygous dogs); the other symptoms are recessive, so that they are expressed only in homozygous dogs. These conditions have no effect on the expression of the protein <a href="/wiki/Opticin" title="Opticin">opticin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_stenosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonary stenosis">Pulmonary stenosis</a> occurs more frequently in Samoyeds in comparison with other breeds. The disease can cause shortness of breath, cardiac arrhythmias and rapid fatigue when moving, and increases the risk of congestive heart failure.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_dysplasia_(canine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip dysplasia (canine)">Hip dysplasia</a> is also a concern for Samoyeds.<sup id="cite_ref-Martin_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The breed can also be affected by <a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_adenitis" title="Sebaceous adenitis">sebaceous adenitis</a>, an uncommon <a href="/wiki/Idiopathic" class="mw-redirect" title="Idiopathic">idiopathic</a> autoimmune skin disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Craig_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Craig-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoyed_dog&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg/32px-Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg/48px-Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg/64px-Black_Labrador_Retriever_-_Male_IMG_3323_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3092" data-file-height="2085" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Dogs" title="Portal:Dogs">Dogs portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kuznetsk_Alatau_3.jpg/32px-Kuznetsk_Alatau_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Kuznetsk_Alatau_3.jpg/48px-Kuznetsk_Alatau_3.jpg 1.5x, 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.reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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"Cloning and characterization of opticin cDNA: evaluation as a candidate for canine oculo-skeletal dysplasia". <i>Gene</i>. <b>282</b> (1–2): 121–131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0378-1119%2801%2900842-3">10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00842-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11814684">11814684</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+characterization+of+opticin+cDNA%3A+evaluation+as+a+candidate+for+canine+oculo-skeletal+dysplasia&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=121-131&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0378-1119%2801%2900842-3&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11814684&rft.aulast=Pellegrini&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Acland%2C+GM&rft.au=Ray%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoyed+dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCawAronson1984" class="citation journal cs1">McCaw, D; Aronson, E (1984). 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"Clinical refresher: Canine sebaceous adenitis". <i>Companion Animal</i>. <b>11</b> (5): 62–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.2044-3862.2006.tb00066.x">10.1111/j.2044-3862.2006.tb00066.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Companion+Animal&rft.atitle=Clinical+refresher%3A+Canine+sebaceous+adenitis&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=62-8&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.2044-3862.2006.tb00066.x&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoyed+dog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoyed_dog&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernardValli1977" class="citation journal cs1">Bernard, MA; Valli, VE (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1697612">"Familial renal disease in Samoyed dogs"</a>. <i>The Canadian Veterinary Journal</i>. <b>18</b> (7): 181–9. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1697612">1697612</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/884645">884645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Veterinary+Journal&rft.atitle=Familial+renal+disease+in+Samoyed+dogs&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=181-9&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1697612%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F884645&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.au=Valli%2C+VE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1697612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoyed+dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyersJezykAguirrePatterson1983" class="citation journal cs1">Meyers, VN; Jezyk, PF; Aguirre, GD; Patterson, DF (1983). "Short-limbed dwarfism and ocular defects in the Samoyed dog". <i>Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association</i>. <b>183</b> (9): 975–9. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12002589">12002589</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Short-limbed+dwarfism+and+ocular+defects+in+the+Samoyed+dog&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=975-9&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12002589&rft.aulast=Meyers&rft.aufirst=VN&rft.au=Jezyk%2C+PF&rft.au=Aguirre%2C+GD&rft.au=Patterson%2C+DF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoyed+dog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimmelWardHenthornHess2002" class="citation journal cs1">Kimmel, SE; Ward, CR; Henthorn, PS; Hess, RS (2002). "Familial insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Samoyed dogs". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_the_American_Animal_Hospital_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association (page does not exist)">Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association</a></i>. <b>38</b> (3): 235–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5326%2F0380235">10.5326/0380235</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12022409">12022409</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Animal+Hospital+Association&rft.atitle=Familial+insulin-dependent+diabetes+mellitus+in+Samoyed+dogs&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=235-8&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5326%2F0380235&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12022409&rft.aulast=Kimmel&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.au=Ward%2C+CR&rft.au=Henthorn%2C+PS&rft.au=Hess%2C+RS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoyed+dog" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoyed_dog&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dogs_originating_in_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dogs originating in Russia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankhar_Dog" title="Bankhar Dog">Bankhar Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Russian_Terrier" title="Black Russian Terrier">Black Russian Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolonka" title="Bolonka">Bolonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borzoi" title="Borzoi">Borzoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_Shepherd_Dog" title="Central Asian Shepherd Dog">Central Asian Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chortai" title="Chortai">Chortai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukotka_sled_dog" title="Chukotka sled dog">Chukotka Sled Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_Laika" title="East Siberian Laika">East Siberian Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East-European_Shepherd" class="mw-redirect" title="East-European Shepherd">East European Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Карельская лайка">Karelian Laika (rus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Sled_Dog" title="Kamchatka Sled Dog">Kamchatka Sled Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelo-Finnish_Laika" title="Karelo-Finnish Laika">Karelo-Finnish Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Watchdog" title="Moscow Watchdog">Moscow Watchdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_Herding_Laika" title="Nenets Herding Laika">Nenets Herding Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Spaniel" title="Russian Spaniel">Russian Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russkiy_Toy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russkiy Toy">Russian Toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-European_Laika" title="Russo-European Laika">Russo-European Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Husky" title="Sakhalin Husky">Sakhalin Husky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoyed_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoyed (dog)">Samoyed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Husky" title="Siberian Husky">Siberian Husky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Russian_Ovcharka" title="South Russian Ovcharka">South Russian Ovcharka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulimov_Dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulimov Dog">Sulimov Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_Laika" title="West Siberian Laika">West Siberian Laika</a></li> <li><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Якутская собака">Yakutian Dog (rus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakutian_Laika" title="Yakutian Laika">Yakutian Laika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Water_Dog" title="Moscow Water Dog">Moscow Water Dog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spitz-type_dogs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDFF2;;background:#CEDFF2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spitz" title="Template:Spitz"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spitz" title="Template talk:Spitz"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spitz" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spitz"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spitz-type_dogs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spitz" title="Spitz">Spitz-type</a> dogs</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Sled_dogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sled dogs">Sled dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_husky" title="Alaskan husky">Alaskan husky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Malamute" title="Alaskan Malamute">Alaskan Malamute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Eskimo_Dog" title="Canadian Eskimo Dog">Canadian Eskimo Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinook_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinook (dog)">Chinook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukotka_sled_dog" title="Chukotka sled dog">Chukotka sled dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurohound" title="Eurohound">Eurohound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Dog" title="Greenland Dog">Greenland Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Sled_Dog" title="Kamchatka Sled Dog">Kamchatka Sled Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_River_husky" title="Mackenzie River husky">Mackenzie River husky</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samoyed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Husky" title="Siberian Husky">Siberian Husky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakutian_Laika" title="Yakutian Laika">Yakutian Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Husky" title="Sakhalin Husky">Sakhalin Husky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_dogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunting dogs">Hunting dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Norwegian_Elkhound" title="Black Norwegian Elkhound">Black Norwegian Elkhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_Laika" title="East Siberian Laika">East Siberian Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Spitz" title="Finnish Spitz">Finnish Spitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4llefors_Elkhound" title="Hällefors Elkhound">Hällefors Elkhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkaido (dog)">Hokkaido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Jindo" title="Korean Jindo">Jindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kai_Ken" title="Kai Ken">Kai Ken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_Bear_Dog" title="Karelian Bear Dog">Karelian Bear Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelo-Finnish_Laika" title="Karelo-Finnish Laika">Karelo-Finnish Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishu" title="Kishu">Kishu Ken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norrbottenspets" title="Norrbottenspets">Norrbottenspets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Elkhound" title="Norwegian Elkhound">Norwegian Elkhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Lundehund" title="Norwegian Lundehund">Norwegian Lundehund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pungsan_dog" title="Pungsan dog">Pungsan dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-European_Laika" title="Russo-European Laika">Russo-European Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiba_Inu" title="Shiba Inu">Shiba Inu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikoku_dog" title="Shikoku dog">Shikoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4mthund" title="Jämthund">Jämthund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Dog" title="Taiwan Dog">Taiwan Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_Laika" title="West Siberian Laika">West Siberian Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerdava" title="Zerdava">Zerdava</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Herding_dogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Herding dogs">Herding dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_Welsh_Corgi" title="Cardigan Welsh Corgi">Cardigan Welsh Corgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Lapphund" title="Finnish Lapphund">Finnish Lapphund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Sheepdog" title="Icelandic Sheepdog">Icelandic Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapponian_Herder" title="Lapponian Herder">Lapponian Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_Herding_Laika" title="Nenets Herding Laika">Nenets Herding Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Buhund" title="Norwegian Buhund">Norwegian Buhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_Welsh_Corgi" title="Pembroke Welsh Corgi">Pembroke Welsh Corgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Lapphund" title="Swedish Lapphund">Swedish Lapphund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Vallhund" title="Swedish Vallhund">Swedish Vallhund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Asian breeds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akita_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akita (dog)">Akita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_H%C3%A0_dog" title="Bắc Hà dog">Bắc Hà dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chow_Chow" title="Chow Chow">Chow Chow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikkulak" title="Dikkulak">Dikkulak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggyeongi" title="Donggyeongi">Donggyeongi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_bobtail_dog" title="Hmong bobtail dog">Hmong bobtail dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Spitz" title="Indian Spitz">Indian Spitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Spitz" title="Japanese Spitz">Japanese Spitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_dog" title="Jeju dog">Jeju dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintamani_dog" title="Kintamani dog">Kintamani dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureongi" title="Nureongi">Nureongi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_dog" title="Ryukyu dog">Ryukyu dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shar_Pei" title="Shar Pei">Shar Pei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Bangkaew_Dog" title="Thai Bangkaew Dog">Thai Bangkaew Dog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_dog" title="Companion dog">Companion dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Klee_Kai" title="Alaskan Klee Kai">Alaskan Klee Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Eskimo_Dog" title="American Eskimo Dog">American Eskimo Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Spitz" title="Danish Spitz">Danish Spitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasier" title="Eurasier">Eurasier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Spitz" title="German Spitz">German Spitz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keeshond" title="Keeshond">Keeshond</a> (Wolfspitz)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_dog" title="Pomeranian dog">Pomeranian</a> (Zwergspitz)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Inuit_Dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Inuit Dog">Northern Inuit Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schipperke" title="Schipperke">Schipperke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonya_Finosu" title="Tonya Finosu">Tonya Finosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volpino_Italiano" title="Volpino Italiano">Volpino Italiano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_dog_breeds" title="List of extinct dog breeds">Extinct breeds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_polar_dog" title="Argentine polar dog">Argentine polar dog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guejae_Gae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guejae Gae (page does not exist)">Guejae Gae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_Indian_Dog" title="Hare Indian Dog">Hare Indian Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCtespitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hütespitz (page does not exist)">Hütespitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_Wool_Dog" title="Salish Wool Dog">Salish Wool Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahltan_Bear_Dog" title="Tahltan Bear Dog">Tahltan Bear Dog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDFF2;"><div> <dl><dd><b>Types:</b> <a href="/wiki/Husky" title="Husky">Husky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laika_(dog_type)" title="Laika (dog type)">Laika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tugou" title="Tugou">Tugou</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Herding_and_droving_dogs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDFF2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Herding_dogs" title="Template:Herding dogs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Herding_dogs" title="Template talk:Herding dogs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Herding_dogs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Herding dogs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Herding_and_droving_dogs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herding_dog" title="Herding dog">Herding and droving dogs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armant_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armant (dog)">Armant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Cattle_Dog" title="Australian Cattle Dog">Australian Cattle Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Kelpie" title="Australian Kelpie">Australian Kelpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Shepherd" title="Australian Shepherd">Australian Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Stumpy_Tail_Cattle_Dog" title="Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog">Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Shepherd_Dog" title="Basque Shepherd Dog">Basque Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_Collie" title="Bearded Collie">Bearded Collie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauceron" title="Beauceron">Beauceron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Shepherd" title="Belgian Shepherd">Belgian Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamasco_Shepherd" title="Bergamasco Shepherd">Bergamasco Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berger_Picard" title="Berger Picard">Berger Picard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Lacy" title="Blue Lacy">Blue Lacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Shepherd" title="Bohemian Shepherd">Bohemian Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Collie" title="Border Collie">Border Collie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvier_des_Ardennes" title="Bouvier des Ardennes">Bouvier des Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvier_des_Flandres" title="Bouvier des Flandres">Bouvier des Flandres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briard" title="Briard">Briard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_de_Chira" title="Can de Chira">Can de Chira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cane_Lupino_del_Gigante" class="mw-redirect" title="Cane Lupino del Gigante">Cane Lupino del Gigante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cane_di_Oropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cane di Oropa">Cane di Oropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cane_Toccatore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cane Toccatore">Cane Toccatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A3o_da_Serra_de_Aires" class="mw-redirect" title="Cão da Serra de Aires">Cão da Serra de Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_Welsh_Corgi" title="Cardigan Welsh Corgi">Cardigan Welsh Corgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carea_Castellano_Manchego" class="mw-redirect" title="Carea Castellano Manchego">Carea Castellano Manchego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carea_Leon%C3%A9s" title="Carea Leonés">Carea Leonés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catahoula_Leopard_Dog" title="Catahoula Leopard Dog">Catahoula Leopard Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Sheepdog" title="Catalan Sheepdog">Catalan Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Collie" title="Rough Collie">Collie (Rough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Collie" title="Smooth Collie">Collie (Smooth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Sheepdog" title="Croatian Sheepdog">Croatian Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Shepherd" title="Dutch Shepherd">Dutch Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Shepherd" title="English Shepherd">English Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Sheepdog" title="Faroese Sheepdog">Faroese Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Lapphund" title="Finnish Lapphund">Finnish Lapphund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_de_Palleiro" title="Can de Palleiro">Galician Palleiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garafian_Shepherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Garafian Shepherd">Garafian Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaucho_sheepdog" title="Gaucho sheepdog">Gaucho sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Shepherd" title="German Shepherd">German Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntaway" title="Huntaway">Huntaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Sheepdog" title="Icelandic Sheepdog">Icelandic Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Shepherd" class="mw-redirect" title="King Shepherd">King Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koolie" title="Koolie">Koolie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Heeler" title="Lancashire Heeler">Lancashire Heeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapponian_Herder" title="Lapponian Herder">Lapponian Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellan_sheep_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Magellan sheep dog">Magellan sheep dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McNab_dog" title="McNab dog">McNab dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_American_Shepherd" title="Miniature American Shepherd">Miniature American Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudi" title="Mudi">Mudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_Herding_Laika" title="Nenets Herding Laika">Nenets Herding Laika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Heading_Dog" title="New Zealand Heading Dog">New Zealand Heading Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Buhund" title="Norwegian Buhund">Norwegian Buhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_Sheepdog" title="Old English Sheepdog">Old English Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_German_herding_dogs" title="Old German herding dogs">Old German Herding Dogs (Altdeutsche)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastore_della_Lessinia_e_del_Lagorai" title="Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai">Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_Welsh_Corgi" title="Pembroke Welsh Corgi">Pembroke Welsh Corgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Lowland_Sheepdog" title="Polish Lowland Sheepdog">Polish Lowland Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Sheepdog" title="Portuguese Sheepdog">Portuguese Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puli_dog" title="Puli dog">Puli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumi_dog" title="Pumi dog">Pumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrenean_Sheepdog" title="Pyrenean Sheepdog">Pyrenean Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_Shepherd_Dog" title="Sardinian Shepherd Dog">Sardinian Shepherd Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schapendoes" title="Schapendoes">Schapendoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schipperke" title="Schipperke">Schipperke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_Sheepdog" title="Shetland Sheepdog">Shetland Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Me%C4%91imurje_Dog" title="Small Međimurje Dog">Small Međimurje Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield_(dog)" title="Smithfield (dog)">Smithfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Water_Dog" title="Spanish Water Dog">Spanish Water Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Lapphund" title="Swedish Lapphund">Swedish Lapphund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Vallhund" title="Swedish Vallhund">Swedish Vallhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Terrier" title="Tibetan Terrier">Tibetan Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Sheepdog" title="Welsh Sheepdog">Welsh Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Shepherd" title="White Shepherd">White Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Swiss_Shepherd_Dog" title="White Swiss Shepherd Dog">White Swiss Shepherd Dog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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